REVIEWER IN TLE 7
fasteners.
WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?
Electricity is all around us--powering technology like
our cell phones, computers, lights, soldering irons, and
air conditioners. It's tough to escape it in our modern
world. Even when you try to escape electricity, it's still
at work throughout nature, from the lightning in a
thunderstorm to the synapses inside our body.
BASIC ELECTRICAL
TOOLS, EQUIPMENT, AND THEIR USES
HAND TOOLS
Screw Drivers
A screwdriver is a tool, manual or powered, used for
turning screws. A typical simple screwdriver has a
handle and a shaft, ending in a tip the user puts into
the screw head before turning the handle.
PHILLIPS HEAD SCREWDRIVER
A Phillips screwdriver has a head with pointed edges in
the shape of a cross, which fit neatly into the cross
slots of a Phillips screw.
SLOTTED SCREWDRIVER
Slotted screwdrivers, also known as a flat head or flat
blade screwdrivers, have a flat blade tip at the end of
the shaft that is inserted into the single horizontal
groove (the slot) in the fastener head and the handle is
turned to rotate the screw.
POZIDRIV SCREWDRIVER
The Pozidriv is an improvement on the Phillips drive by
increasing its torque capacity without increasing the
likelihood of cam-out.
ROBERTSON DRIVE (SQUARE RECESS)
The Robertson screwdriver, also known as a square
screwdriver, was invented in 1908 by P.L. Robertson, a
native Canadian. The screwdriver presented a solution
to the frequent problem users encountered with
flathead screwdrivers: the driver often slipped out of
place and slowed down the process of securing the
TORX SCREWDRIVER
Torx screws are typically used in vehicles, motorcycles,
bicycles, computer systems, hard disk drives and
consumer electronics. The unusual star-shaped head
makes them far more secure than regular flat-head or
cross-head screws and allows higher torque
transmission so screws and bolts can be tightened
more securely.
HEX SCREWDRIVER
Hex screwdrivers have a handle and a shaft end with
an hexagonal (six-sided) tip that fits into the hex
indentation on the screwhead for screwing (tightening)
or unscrewing (loosening) a variety of hex head screws.
HAND TOOLS
HAMMER
A hammer is a tool, most often a hand tool, consisting
of a weighted "head" fixed to a long handle that is
swung to deliver an impact to a small area of an object.
This can be, for example, to drive nails into wood, to
shape metal, or to crush rock.
CLAW HAMMER
A claw hammer is a hammer primarily used in
carpentry for driving nails into or pulling them from
wood. Historically, a claw hammer has been associated
with woodworking, but is also used in general
applications.
FRAMING (RIP) HAMMER
Framing and ripping hammers have straight claws and
are often used by professionals for framing and ripping
in general and heavy carpentry.
BALL PEEN HAMMER
A ball-peen or ball pein hammer, also known as a
machinist's hammer, is a type of peening hammer used
in metalworking. It has two heads, one flat and the
other, called the peen, rounded.
HAND TOOLS LINEMAN’S PLIERS
PLIERS
Pliers are a hand tool used to hold objects firmly,
possibly developed from tongs used to handle hot
metal in Bronze Age Europe.They are also useful for
bending and physically compressing a wide range of
materials.
CUTTING PLIERS
Lineman's pliers are distinguished by a flat
gripping surface at their snub nose. Combination pliers
have a shorter flat surface plus a concave / curved
gripping surface which is useful in light engineering to
work with metal bar,
LOCKING PLIERS
It is used to cut wire or other thin metals. There
are several different types of pliers available depending
on the application.
SIDE CUTTERS
END CUTTING NIPPERS
DIAGONAL CUTTERS
FENCE PLIERS
Locking pliers (also called Vise-Grips, a vice grip,
Mole wrench or mole grips) are pliers that can be
locked into position, using an "over-center" cam action.
Locking pliers are available with many different jaw
styles, such as needle-nose pliers, wrenches, clamps
and various shapes to fix metal parts for welding.
NEEDLE- NOSE PLIERS
With fencing pliers, you can drive staples or remove
them, grip wire for twisting, splicing, and tensioning, or
cut right through it. You won't find a professional
fencing contractor without a pair, and the best fencing
pliers are relatively affordable and cost-effective even
for a smaller job.
 Needle-nose pliers, also known as long-nose pliers A wire stripper is a small, hand-held device SOLDERING IRON
and snipe-nose pliers, are both cutting and holding used to strip the electrical insulation from electric
pliers used by artisans, jewelry designers, electricians, wires.
network engineers and other tradesmen to bend,
re-position and snip wire. HAND TOOLS
DRILLS
SLIP-JOINT PLIERS It is an instrument with an edged or pointed end for
making holes in hard substances by revolving or by a
succession of blows. It is a hand tool used in soldering. It supplies heat
to melt solder so that it can flow into the joint between
BIT BRACE two workpieces.

SOLDERING STATION

Slip joint pliers are pliers whose pivot point or

fulcrum can be moved to increase the size range of
their jaws. Most slip joint pliers use a mechanism that
allows sliding the pivot point into one of several
positions when the pliers are fully opened.
A tool for boring holes in wood, consisting of a
TOUNGE- AND- GROOVE PLIERS crank-shaped turning device, the brace, that grips and
rotates the hole-cutting tool, the bit. A soldering station contains heating technology
enabling the high heating temperatures required for
HAND DRILL the soldering process.

DESOLDERING TOOLS

These types of pliers also have an adjustable

pivot, although tongue-and-groove will adjust a whole
lot more than slip-joint pliers. Typically, the
water-pump pliers have seven different positions, but
there can be more or less depending on the size. A hand drill is a manual tool that converts and Desoldering & reworking tools are hand-held
amplifies circular motion of the crank into circular devices that supply heat from metal tips, hot air from
WIRE STRIPPERS motion of a drill chuck. nozzle guns and pump-action to remove solder.

HAND TOOLS
SOLDERING TOOLS
To connect the circuits with wires and components in
printed circuit boards and breadboards, soldering tools
comes in handy.
 the ohm, the unit of electrical resistance, is named
after him.
-Resistance- the opposition to a flow of electric current
through a circuit component, medium, or substance.

OHM’S LAW
Ohm's law describes the relationship between the
intensity of current flowing through a circuit, the
voltage of that electric current and the resistance
offered by the circuit to the passage of said current:
the potential difference (V) is directly proportional to
the current intensity (I) and resistance (R)

Voltage is the potential difference between two

points in an electric field.
- Alessandro Volta (1745-1827), inventor of the voltaic
pile—the forerunner of today's household battery.
Current is the rate of flow of electrons .
-André-Marie was a French physicist, mathematician
and lay Catholic who was one of the founders of the
science of classical electromagnetism, which he
referred to as "electrodynamics"
Current is the constant flow of electrons. Electrical
energy is transported from one point to another in a
circuit by the motion of electrons.
Resistance is a measure of the opposition to current
flow in an electrical circuit.
-Georg Simon was a German physicist and
mathematician Ohm found that there is a direct
proportionality between the potential difference
(voltage) applied across a conductor and the resultant
electric current. This relation is called Ohm's law, and
 3. An alarm clock draws 0.5 A of current
when connected to a 120 volt circuit.
Calculate its resistance.
A 120Ω
B 240Ω
C 180Ω
D 60Ω

4. A circuit contains a 1.5 volt battery and a

lamp with a resistance of 3 ohms. Calculate
the current.
A 1.5A
B 0.5A
C 2A
D 1A

5. If a toaster produces 12 ohms of resistance

in a 120-volt circuit, what is the amount of
current in the circuit?
A 20A
Encircle the letter of the correct answer. B 10A
C 15A
1. If there is a current of 2A and a resistance D 5A
of 24 ohms, what voltage will there be?
A 12 V 6. How much voltage would be necessary to
B 22 V generate 10 amps of current in a circuit that
C 48 V has 5 ohms of resistance?
D 26 V A 50V
B 100V
2. What size resistor would produce a 3 Amp C 150V
current flow with a 12 Volt battery D 10V
A 1 Ohm
B 3 Ohms
C 4 Ohms
D 12 Ohms