MIMO (eRAN3.0 - 06)

MIMO
eRAN3.0
Feature Parameter Description
Issue 06
Date 2013-05-20
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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eRAN
MIMO Contents
Contents
1 About This Document ..............................................................................................................1-1
1.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................ 1-1
1.2 Intended Audience......................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.3 Change History.............................................................................................................................. 1-1
2 Overview......................................................................................................................................2-1
2.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 Benefits ......................................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.3 Classifications of MIMO Techniques ............................................................................................. 2-2
2.4 Mapping Between MIMO Features and Schemes ........................................................................ 2-3
3 Multiple-Antenna Reception ..................................................................................................3-1

3.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 RX Diversity................................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2.1 Principles of RX Diversity ..................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2.2 Signal Combining in Receive Diversity................................................................................. 3-2
3.3 MU-MIMO ...................................................................................................................................... 3-5
3.3.1 Principles of MU-MIMO ........................................................................................................ 3-6
3.3.2 Signal Combining in MU-MIMO ............................................................................................ 3-7
3.3.3 UE Pairing in MU-MIMO ....................................................................................................... 3-7
3.4 Adaptive MIMO Scheme Switching ............................................................................................... 3-7
4 Multiple-Antenna Transmission ............................................................................................4-1

4.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2 Transmit Diversity .......................................................................................................................... 4-2
4.2.1 Open-Loop Transmit Diversity .............................................................................................. 4-2
4.2.2 Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity ........................................................................................... 4-4
4.3 Spatial Multiplexing........................................................................................................................ 4-4
4.3.1 Principles of Spatial Multiplexing .......................................................................................... 4-4
4.3.2 Open-Loop Spatial Multiplexing ............................................................................................ 4-6
4.3.3 Closed-Loop Spatial Multiplexing ......................................................................................... 4-7
4.4 Multiple-Antenna Transmission Working Mode ............................................................................. 4-8
4.4.1 Fixed MIMO Transmission Mode .......................................................................................... 4-8
4.4.2 Adaptive MIMO Transmission Mode ..................................................................................... 4-9
5 Related Features .......................................................................................................................5-1

5.1 Features Related to LBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive Diversity ....................................... 5-1
5.2 Features Related to LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity........................................... 5-1
5.3 Features Related to LOFD-001012 UL Interference Rejection Combining .................................. 5-1
5.4 Features Related to Features Related to LOFD-001002 UL 2x2 MU-MIMO ................................ 5-1
5.5 Features Related to LOFD-001058 UL 2x4 MU-MIMO ................................................................. 5-2
5.6 Features Related to LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO........................................................................ 5-3
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MIMO Contents

6 Network Impact..........................................................................................................................6-1
6.1 LBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive Diversity ........................................................................ 6-1
6.2 LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity ........................................................................... 6-1
6.3 LOFD-001012 UL Interference Rejection Combining ................................................................... 6-1
6.4 LOFD-001002 UL 2x2 MU-MIMO.................................................................................................. 6-1
6.5 LOFD-001058 UL 2x4 MU-MIMO.................................................................................................. 6-1
6.6 LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO ........................................................................................................ 6-2
6.7 LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO ........................................................................................................ 6-2
6.8 LOFD-001060 DL 4x4 MIMO ........................................................................................................ 6-3
7 Engineering Guidelines on Multiple-Antenna RX Diversity ..........................................7-1

7.1 When to Use Multiple-Antenna RX Diversity ................................................................................ 7-1
7.2 Required Information ..................................................................................................................... 7-1
7.3 Planning ........................................................................................................................................ 7-2
7.4 Deployment of Multiple-Antenna RX Diversity .............................................................................. 7-2
7.4.1 Requirements ....................................................................................................................... 7-2
7.4.2 Data Preparation................................................................................................................... 7-3
7.4.3 Precautions ........................................................................................................................... 7-6
7.4.4 Hardware Adjustment ........................................................................................................... 7-6
7.4.5 Initial Configuration ............................................................................................................... 7-7
7.4.6 Activation Observation .......................................................................................................... 7-9
7.4.7 Reconfiguration .................................................................................................................. 7-10
7.5 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................ 7-10
7.5.1 Performance Monitoring ..................................................................................................... 7-10
7.5.2 Parameter Optimization ...................................................................................................... 7-11
7.5.3 Troubleshooting .................................................................................................................. 7-11
8 Engineering Guidelines on MU-MIMO .................................................................................8-1

8.1 When to Use MU-MIMO ................................................................................................................ 8-1
8.3 Planning ........................................................................................................................................ 8-1
8.4 Deployment of MU-MIMO ............................................................................................................. 8-1
8.4.1 Requirements ....................................................................................................................... 8-1
8.4.3 Precautions ........................................................................................................................... 8-3
8.4.6 Activation Observation .......................................................................................................... 8-4
8.4.7 Reconfiguration .................................................................................................................... 8-4
8.5 Maintenance .................................................................................................................................. 8-4
8.5.1 Performance Monitoring ....................................................................................................... 8-4
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MIMO Contents
8.5.2 Parameter Optimization ........................................................................................................ 8-4

8.5.3 Troubleshooting .................................................................................................................... 8-5
9 Engineering Guidelines on Multiple-Antenna Transmission ........................................9-1

9.1 When to Use Multiple-Antenna Transmission ............................................................................... 9-1
9.3 Planning ........................................................................................................................................ 9-2
9.4 Deploying Multiple-Antenna Transmission .................................................................................... 9-4
9.4.1 Requirements ....................................................................................................................... 9-4
9.4.3 Precautions ........................................................................................................................... 9-8
9.4.6 Activation Observation ........................................................................................................ 9-13
9.4.7 Reconfiguration .................................................................................................................. 9-22
9.5 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................ 9-23
9.5.1 Performance Monitoring ..................................................................................................... 9-23
9.5.2 Parameter Optimization ...................................................................................................... 9-24
9.5.3 Troubleshooting .................................................................................................................. 9-24
10 Parameters .............................................................................................................................10-1
11 Counters ..................................................................................................................................11-1
12 Glossary ..................................................................................................................................12-1
13 Reference Documents .........................................................................................................13-1
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MIMO 1 About This Document
1 About This Document

1.1 Scope
This document describes the principles, key techniques, application scenarios, and configuration
methods of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO).
The MIMO-related features are as follows:
 LBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive Diversity
 LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity
 LOFD-001012 UL Interference Rejection Combining
 LOFD-001002 UL 2x2 MU-MIMO
 LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO
Any managed objects (MOs), parameters, alarms, or counters described below correspond to the
software release delivered with this document. Any future updates will be described in the product
documentation delivered with the latest software release.
This document applies only to LTE FDD. Any "L"or "LTE" in this document refers to LTE FDD, and
"eNodeB" refers to LTE FDD eNodeB.
1.2 Intended Audience

This document is intended for personnel who:
 Need to understand the MIMO feature
 Work with Huawei Long Term Evolution (LTE) products
1.3 Change History

This section provides information about the changes in different document versions.
There are two types of changes, which are defined as follows:
 Feature change: refers to a change in the MIMO feature of a specific product version.
 Editorial change: refers to a change in wording or the addition of information that was not described in
the earlier version.
Document Versions
The document versions are as follows:
 06 (2013-05-20)
 05 (2013-03-15)
 04 (2012-12-29)
 03 (2012-09-20)
 02 (2012-06-30)
 01 (2012-03-30)
 Draft A (2012-01-10)
06 (2013-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1-1

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06(2013-05-20)
Compared with issue 05 (2013-03-15) of eRAN3.0, issue 06 (2013-05-20) of eRAN3.0 includes the
following changes.
Change Type Change Description Parameter Change

Feature change None None
Editorial change Revised the descriptions None
in this document.
05(2013-03-15)
following changes.

Editorial change Revised "5 Related None
Features."
04 (2012-12-29)
following changes.

Editorial change Revised the whole None
document.
03 (2012-09-20)
following changes.

Editorial change Revised descriptions in Added the
the following chapters: MaxMimoRankPara
 "4 Multiple-Antenna parameter.
Transmission"
 "7 Engineering
Guidelines on
Multiple-Antenna RX

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Diversity"
 "8 Engineering
Guidelines on
MU-MIMO"
 "9 Engineering
Guidelines on
Multiple-Antenna
Transmission"
02 (2012-06-30)
This is the commercial release of eRAN3.0.
following changes.

Editorial change Revised descriptions in None
the following chapters:
 "2 Overview"
 "3 Multiple-Antenna
Reception"
 "4 Multiple-Antenna
Transmission"
 "6 Network Impact"
01 (2012-03-30)
This is the first official release.
Compared with draft A (2012-01-10) of eRAN3.0, Issue 01 (2012-03-30) of eRAN3.0 includes the
following changes.

Feature change Added a switch to control Added the
adaptive switching MrcIrcAdptSwitch
between interference parameter.
rejection combining (IRC)
and maximum ratio
combining (MRC).
Editorial change Revised the following None
chapters:
 "7 Engineering
Guidelines on

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Multiple-Antenna RX
Diversity"
 "8 Engineering
Guidelines on
MU-MIMO"
 "9 Engineering
Guidelines on
Multiple-Antenna
Transmission"
Draft A (2012-01-10)
This is a draft.
Compared with issue 02 (2011-12-24) of eRAN2.2, draft A (2012-01-10) of eRAN3.0 includes the
following changes.

Editorial change Modified the following None
section:
 "4.3 Spatial
Multiplexing"
Added the following
chapters:
 "5 Related Features."
 "6 Network Impact"

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MIMO 2 Overview
2 Overview
2.1 Introduction
Due to the rapid development of wireless communications, customers have ever increasing
requirements for system capacity and spectral efficiency. Various solutions to this problem, such as
expanding the system bandwidth and increasing the modulation order, have emerged. However,
expanding the system bandwidth only increases system capacity without effectively increasing the
spectral efficiency, and increasing the modulation order increases the spectral efficiency only to a limited
extent because the modulation order can hardly be doubled.
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) was developed to provide more than double spectral efficiency. As
an extension of single-input single-output (SISO), MIMO uses multiple antennas at the transmitter and/or
receiver in combination with several signal processing techniques. Generally speaking, single-input
multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input single-output (MISO), and beamforming are all categorized under
MIMO.Figure 2-1 shows an example of MIMO using M transmit (TX) antennas and N receive (RX)
antennas, which is also known as an MxN MIMO system.
Figure 2-1 Example of MIMO
2.2 Benefits
Theoretically, channel capacity increases linearly with the smaller number of TX and RX antennas. By
adopting specific signal processing techniques, MIMO improves radio link reliability and signal quality,
which further helps increase the system capacity, coverage, and data rate, and ultimately improve user
experience.
Specifically, MIMO provides the following benefits:
Power Gain
Based on the assumption that each TX antenna has the same transmit power, M TX antennas can
achieve a power gain of 10lgM (dB) compared with the scenario using one TX antenna.
In noise-limited scenarios, power gains increase the signal quality sensed at the receiver by increasing
the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR).
Spatial Multiplexing Gain

The spatial multiplexing gain is based on the theoretical multiplexing order of the spatial channel. For
example, assume that the channels between TX antennas and RX antennas in an MxN MIMO system
are mutually independent and that signals transmitted from TX antennas are also mutually independent
with the same data rate. In this case, the MxN MIMO system obtains a theoretical multiplexing order of
Min (M, N) compared with the scenario using one TX antenna, where Min (M, N) indicates the smaller
number of M and N. The multiplexing order is a theoretical representation of spatial channel capacity,

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MIMO 2 Overview
which is the theoretical capacity provided by the MxN MIMO system, known as the SISO system
capacity multiplied by Min (M, N).
Spatial multiplexing gains can provide more than double or quadruple data rates. For example, in an LTE
cell with a downlink bandwidth of 20 MHz, the theoretical peak rates for individual UEs in 1x2, 2x2, and
4x4 MIMO systems are 75 Mbit/s, 150 Mbit/s, and approximately 300 Mbit/s, respectively.
Diversity Gain
The diversity gain is based on the theoretical diversity order of the spatial channel. For example, assume
that the channels between TX antennas and RX antennas in an MxN MIMO system are mutually
independent and signals transmitted from all TX antennas are the same. In this case, the MxN MIMO
system obtains a theoretical diversity order of MxN (the product of M and N) compared with the SISO
system. The diversity order is a theoretical representation of error tolerance capability of spatial channels.
It is the error tolerance capability provided by the MxN MIMO system, known as the SISO system error
tolerance capability multiplied by MxN. In other words, the signal transmission and reception error rate of
the MxN MIMO system is generally equal to that of the SISO system multiplied by 1/(MxN) under the
same conditions.
Diversity gains increase the stability of SINRs sensed at the receiver, thereby enhancing the reliability of
radio signal reception.
Array Gain
Compared with SISO scenarios, a 1xN SIMO system and an Mx1 MISO system obtain array gains of
10lgN dB and 10lgM dB, respectively.
Array gains increase the SINR sensed at the receiver, thereby enhancing the signal quality.
2.3 Classifications of MIMO Techniques

LTE uses different MIMO techniques in both the downlink and the uplink to meet various spectral
efficiency requirements.
Downlink MIMO Techniques

Open-Loop MIMO and Closed-Loop MIMO
In the downlink, MIMO techniques are classified into open-loop (OL) MIMO and closed-loop (CL) MIMO
based on whether UEs report precoding matrix indicators (PMIs) for eNodeB data transmission. OL
MIMO does not require UEs to report PMIs, whereas CL MIMO requires UEs to report PMIs.
Transmit Diversity and Spatial Multiplexing
In the downlink, MIMO techniques are classified into transmit diversity and spatial multiplexing according
to the number of independent data streams carried by the same time-frequency resource through
different antennas. This number for transmit diversity can only be 1, whereas this number for spatial
multiplexing can be greater than or equal to 1.
Combining this classification and the OL and CL classification, MIMO techniques in the downlink are
further classified into four categories: OL transmit diversity (OL-TD), CL transmit diversity (CL-TD), OL
spatial multiplexing (OL-SM), and CL spatial multiplexing (CL-SM).
Single-User MIMO and Multi-User MIMO
MIMO techniques are classified into single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO)
based on whether the spatial data streams carried by the same time-frequency resource are sent to or
received from a single UE or multiple UEs.

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MIMO 2 Overview
Uplink MIMO Techniques

A UE transmits signals using only one antenna, and spatial multiplexing does not apply. In addition, the
eNodeB uses multiple independent RX antennas and RX combing techniques. Therefore, uplink (UL)
RX diversity is used for a UE. UL MIMO techniques are also classified into SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO.
In addition to the previous MIMO techniques, LTE-advanced supports advanced MIMO techniques such
as transmission mode 9 (TM9), which supports a maximum of eight layers, and coordinated multi-point
(CoMP), which coordinates multi-point transmission and reception between cells.
2.4 Mapping Between MIMO Features and Schemes

The following table lists mapping between MIMO features and protocol-defined MIMO schemes as well
as different naming of the protocol-defined MIMO schemes used in this document.
Table 2-1 Mapping between MIMO features and protocol-defined MIMO schemes
Protocol-defined MIMO Naming of MIMO Scheme Used MIMO Feature
Scheme in This Document
UL SU-MIMO RX diversity Basic feature: LBFD-00202001 UL
2-Antenna Receive Diversity
Optional feature: LOFD-001005 UL
4-Antenna Receive Diversity
LOFD-001012 UL Interference
Rejection Combining
UL MU-MIMO MU-MIMO Optional features:
Transmit diversity OL-TD Optional features:
Closed-loop spatial CL-TD
multiplexing using a  LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO
single transmission layer  LOFD-001060 DL 4x4 MIMO
Large-delay cyclic delay OL-SM
diversity (CDD) spatial
multiplexing
Closed-loop spatial CL-SM
multiplexing
 In the feature names mentioned in the preceding table, axb DL MIMO indicates that the eNodeB uses an antenna ports
for transmission and the UE uses b antennas for reception. For definitions of antenna ports, see section "4.1
Introduction."
 In the feature names mentioned in the preceding table, axb UL MU-MIMO indicates that a UEs use the same
time-frequency resources for transmission (each UE uses one antenna for transmission) and the eNodeB uses b
antennas for reception.
 LOFD-001060 DL 4X4 MIMO supports only OL-TD and OL-SM.
The following chapters describe the principles, application scenarios, and engineering guidelines of
multiple-antenna reception and multiple-antenna transmission on the eNodeB side.

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MIMO 3 Multiple-Antenna Reception
3 Multiple-Antenna Reception
This chapter describes the principles of multiple-antenna reception. For engineering guidelines, see
chapters "7 Engineering Guidelines on Multiple-Antenna RX Diversity" and "8 Engineering Guidelines on
MU-MIMO."
3.1 Introduction
Multiple-antenna reception is a MIMO technique in which an eNodeB uses multiple antennas to receive
signals and combines the received signals using a certain combining algorithm. Both eNodeBs and UEs
support multiple-antenna reception. In this chapter, the emphasis is on eNodeB multiple-antenna
reception. UE multiple-antenna reception is similar.
eNodeBs support two multiple-antenna reception techniques: RX diversity and MU-MIMO. This chapter
describes the principles and application scenarios for both of these techniques and for adaptive
switching between the two techniques.
The features of multiple-antenna reception are as follows:
 LOFD-001012 UL Interference Rejection Combining
3.2 RX Diversity
The basic feature of RX diversity is LBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive Diversity. The optional
feature of RX diversity is LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity.
This chapter describes the principles of RX diversity.
The optional features of multiple-antenna transmission are as follows:
 Basic Features
− LBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive Diversity
 Optional Features
− LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity
− LOFD-001012 UL Interference Rejection Combining
In the RX diversity technique, each UE uses one antenna for transmission and occupies different
time-frequency resources from other UEs while the eNodeB uses multiple antennas for reception and
combines the signals they receive. RX diversity maximizes the SINR and provides both diversity gains
and array gains. As a result, it enhances cell throughput and coverage performance.
UL receive diversity uses two signal combining algorithms: MRC and IRC. IRC is addressed by the
optional feature LOFD-001012 UL Interference Rejection Combining.
3.2.1 Principles of RX Diversity

Signals along the radio channel from the transmitter to the receiver may experience deep fading (10-20
dB) due to the fading characteristic of the radio channel, which leads to SINR fluctuations at the receiver.
However, if the receiver uses multiple antennas for reception and signals received by different antennas
have a low correlation, the combined signal is much less likely to experience deep fading compared with

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the scenario using one RX antenna, because deep fading is less likely to occur simultaneously on
different antennas. In this way, diversity gains are achieved.
White noises on different antennas have no correlation, and therefore the power of the combined noise
remains unchanged. However, the energy of the combined signal increases greatly, which brings array
gains.
Figure 3-1 shows RX diversity.
Figure 3-1 RX diversity
The UE sends signal x through different channels to antennas r1 to rM of the eNodeB. The eNodeB
multiplies each received signal by a weight wi and then combines the weighted signals to obtain signal y.
The combined signal can be expressed as follows:
y = W (Hx + N)
where
 W = (w1 ... wM), a 1xM matrix composed of the RX antenna weights.
 H = (h1 ... hM)T, an Mx1 channel matrix. hi denotes a channel coefficient, and T denotes the transpose
of the matrix.
A signal may change in amplitude and phase after passing through a channel. Multiply the signal by
the channel coefficient to obtain the changed signal.
 N = (n1 ... nM)T, an Mx1 matrix composed of the noises received by the RX antennas.
 x: TX signal.
The advantage of RX diversity comes from signal combining, specifically, in the calculation of the
weights.
3.2.2 Signal Combining in Receive Diversity

UL receive diversity uses two signal combining algorithms:
 MRC
 IRC. IRC is addressed by the optional feature LOFD-001012 UL Interference Rejection Combining.
Both algorithms increase the ratio of the useful signal power (WHx) to the noise power (WN), and obtain
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The MRC and IRC receivers are applications of a theoretical model named the minimum mean square
error (MMSE) receiver. The MMSE receiver aims to minimize the mean square error between the
received and transmitted signals. The MRC algorithm assumes that N is a matrix composed of white
noises, and the IRC algorithm assumes that N is a matrix composed of colored noises. Therefore, the
MRC receiver applies to environments where there is no interference or the interference is similar to
white noise, and the IRC receiver applies to environments where there is colored interference and the
interference is separable.
If an eNodeB uses two antennas for reception, it selects IRC or MRC based on the
CellAlgoSwitch.MrcIrcAdptSwitch parameter:
 If this parameter is set to ENABLE(Enable), the eNodeB selects IRC.
 If this parameter is set to DISABLE(Disable), the eNodeB selects MRC.
The reasons that the eNodeB uses IRC (instead of IRC and MRC adaptation) are as follows:
 IRC has similar performance to IRC and MRC adaptation when there is whitened interference or slight colored
interference.
 IRC achieves higher interference mitigation gains than IRC and MRC adaptation when there is severe colored
interference.
If an eNodeB uses four antennas for reception, it adaptively selects IRC or MRC or only selects MRC
based on the CellAlgoSwitch.MrcIrcAdptSwitch parameter:
 If this parameter is set to ENABLE(Enable), the eNodeB adaptively selects IRC or MRC.
 If this parameter is set to DISABLE(Disable), the eNodeB only selects MRC.
The eNodeB adaptively selects IRC or MRC based on radio channel conditions:
 If colored interference is present and separable, the eNodeB selects IRC.
 Otherwise, the eNodeB selects MRC.
Related Concepts
The related concepts are as follows:
 MMSE
MMSE is the minimum mean square error between the actual value of TX signal and the estimated value
of TX signal. The estimated value is obtained by RX signals.
 White noise
White noise is noise whose power spectral density is evenly distributed over the entire frequency
domain.
 Colored interference
Colored interference is interference whose power spectral density is not evenly distributed over the
entire frequency domain.
MMSE Receiver
The MMSE receiver can be regarded as an RX beamformer. By adjusting the antenna weights, the
MMSE receiver adjusts the directions of the main lobe and side lobes to maximize the SINR of the
combined signal. Figure 3-2 shows the principles of the MMSE receiver, on the assumption that the
eNodeB uses two RX antennas.

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Figure 3-2 Principles of the MMSE receiver
In Figure 3-2:
 x0: TX signal.
 Ik: interference. k is the index of an interference source and ranges from 1 to m, where m indicates the
number of interference sources.
 hk(p): channel coefficient for the TX signal (k = 0) or interference (k = 1, …, m). p is the index of an RX
antenna and ranges from 0 to 1.
 np: white noise, that is, Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN).
 rp: signal on RX antenna p.
(p)
 w : weight of RX antenna p.
 y: combined signal.
TX signal x0 and interference Ik are transmitted through their radio channels hk(p), superimposed at the
RX antennas, added with white noises np, and converted to RX signals rp. Then, the MMSE receiver
combines the RX signals in an optimal proportion by adjusting antenna weights w(p) and minimizes the
mean square error between the combined signal y and the original signal x0.
As the number of antennas is limited, the MMSE receiver cannot minimize the interference gains of side
lobes while directing the main lobe to the signal source. Instead, it makes a tradeoff between minimizing
the interference gains and maximizing the signal gain, maximizing the SINR of the combined signal.
MRC Receiver
The MRC receiver is an application of the MMSE receiver in scenarios where interference is spatially
white or the power of the interference from neighboring cells is much lower than the AWGN power.
The MRC receiver enables the combined signal to obtain an optimal SINR by adjusting the RX antenna
weights (W). Without considering the impact of interference, the MRC receiver needs to obtain only the
channel coefficients (H) from channel estimation. Assume that the original signal is independent of
interference and noise. Then, the RX antenna weights (W) are calculated as follows:
where
 H: a matrix composed of the channel coefficients estimated by the eNodeB

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H
 : matrix conjugation and transposition
 : power of the interference and noise measured by the eNodeB
 Es: power of the original signal
-1
 : matrix inversion
 I: identity matrix with the size equal to the number of RX antennas
IRC Receiver
The IRC receiver is an application of the MMSE receiver in high interference environments.
Assume that the original signal is independent of interference and noise. Then, the RX antenna weights
(W) are calculated as follows:
In this formula, Ruu denotes a covariance matrix composed of the total power of interference and noise
measured by the eNodeB. For the meanings of other variables, see "MRC Receiver" .
MRC needs to estimate only the total power of interference and noise, whereas IRC needs to estimate
the covariance matrix Ruu. Therefore, IRC is a little more complex than MRC, but IRC has higher
performance than MRC in most cases.
IRC differs from MRC in the following aspects:
Assuming that both interference and noise are spatially white, the MRC receiver meets the MMSE
criterion by using the maximum ratio combining algorithm.
Assuming that colored interference exists, the IRC receiver meets the MMSE criterion by mitigating
interference during signal combining.
The performance of the IRC algorithm depends on the interference characteristics. Only spatially colored
interference can be mitigated by the IRC algorithm. In addition, the performance of the IRC algorithm
depends on the accuracy of interference characteristics estimation.
The IRC algorithm is not recommended in the following cases:
 Interference channels and signal channels are highly correlated.
In this case, interference cannot be separated from useful signals, and the performance of the IRC
algorithm is worse than that of the MRC algorithm.
 Interference is spatially white, or interference is weak, similar to white noise.
In this case, the IRC algorithm is equivalent to the MRC algorithm theoretically. The performance of
the IRC algorithm, however, is worse than that of the MRC algorithm because of factors such as
estimation errors in interference characteristics.
The eNodeB distinguishes between white interference and colored interference by measuring the spatial characteristics of
interference
3.3 MU-MIMO
This section describes the optional features LOFD-001002 UL 2x2 MU-MIMO and LOFD-001058 UL 2x4
MU-MIMO.
In MU-MIMO, multiple UEs use the same time-frequency resources to provide diversity gains, array
gains, and spatial multiplexing gains. The eNodeB currently supports two UEs for pairing on the same
time-frequency resources.

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The system gain of MU-MIMO depends on the SINRs of the UEs and the correlation between channels:
 If two UEs with high SINRs and approximately orthogonal channels are paired, the interference
between the UEs is effectively mitigated and MU-MIMO can effectively increase cell capacity.
 If two UEs with low SINRs or high channel correlation between them are paired, the interference
between the UEs cannot be effectively mitigated. In this case, MU-MIMO is not likely to increase cell
capacity and may even decrease it. Therefore, such UEs are not selected for pairing.
The features LOFD-001002 UL 2x2 MU-MIMO and LOFD-001058 UL 2x4 MU-MIMO are enabled to
improve spectral efficiency for networks with a certain number of low-speed and high-SINR UEs.
High-speed or ultra-high-speed UEs are not suitable for pairing because their channel states change
quickly and radio links are unstable. If MU-MIMO is applied to these UEs, the network performance may
deteriorate.
MU-MIMO is controlled by UlVmimoSwitch under the CellAlgoSwitch.UlSchSwitch parameter.
3.3.1 Principles of MU-MIMO

Theoretically, the number of UEs cannot exceed the number of eNodeB RX antennas in MU-MIMO.
eNodeBs of this version support UL 2x2 MU-MIMO and UL 2x4 MU-MIMO. Two UEs can use the same
time-frequency resources. Figure 3-3 shows UL 2x2 MU-MIMO.
Figure 3-3 UL 2x2 MU-MIMO
UE1 and UE2 use the same frequency and timeslot to send data x1 and x2 through their channels to
eNodeB RX antennas. The MIMO decoder performs weighting and combining for two groups of RX
signals and then obtains y1 and y2, that is, the estimated values of x1 and x2. The signal combining
algorithm calculates weights and detects multiple UEs that use the same time-frequency resources.
Calculating the estimated values of x1 and x2 can be regarded as two independent processes of RX
diversity, where x1 is the interference to x2, and x2 is the interference to x1. Therefore, MU-MIMO, like RX
diversity, also provides diversity gains and array gains.

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The principles of UL 2x4 MU-MIMO are the same as the principles of UL 2x2 MU-MIMO. Compared with
UL 2x2 MU-MIMO, UL 2x4 MU-MIMO can obtain larger diversity gains and array gains because it uses
more receive antennas.
UL 2x4 MU-MIMO also has the following advantages:
 Increased cell throughput and spectral efficiency in the UL
 Reduced average service delay in a cell
 Improved user experience
3.3.2 Signal Combining in MU-MIMO

In 2x2 MU-MIMO, the eNodeB uses only two antennas for reception and it is difficult for the eNodeB to
mitigate inter-cell interference during signal combining even when using IRC. Therefore, 2x2 MU-MIMO
cannot provide high capacity gains for multiple cells.
3.3.3 UE Pairing in MU-MIMO

UE pairing in MU-MIMO is a process in which an eNodeB attempts to select a pair of the best UEs for
transmission when MU-MIMO is enabled. The selected pair of UEs has approximately orthogonal
channels or provides gains to the system. Generally, UEs with high SINRs can contribute better UE
pairing performance than those with low SINRs. UE pairing in MU-MIMO increases the system capacity
and spectral efficiency.
The eNodeB attempts to pair UEs for MU-MIMO in each TTI. The procedure is as follows:
Candidate UE selection: For a scheduled UE, the eNodeB selects a candidate UE for pairing.
SINR and spectral efficiency estimation: Based on the SINRs and channel correlation of the two UEs,
the eNodeB estimates the SINR and spectral efficiency that will be achieved after the UEs are paired.
The SINR of UEs before pairing is measured by the serving cell based on the current channel conditions. The paired UEs
begin to transmit data after four subframes, which unavoidably results in estimation inaccuracy and affects the final
spectral efficiency after UE pairing.
Pairing decision making: If the estimated spectral efficiency is higher than the separate spectral
efficiencies of the two UEs, the eNodeB pairs them. Otherwise, the eNodeB does not pair them.
Scheduling: The eNodeB schedules the paired UEs to use the same time-frequency resources for
transmission.
3.4 Adaptive MIMO Scheme Switching

The eNodeB supports adaptive selection and switching between RX diversity and MU-MIMO based on
channel conditions, if UlVmimoSwitch under the
CellAlgoSwitch(UlVmimoSwitch) .UlSchSwitchparameter is turned on.
 When configured with two RX antennas, the eNodeB supports adaptive selection and switching
between UL 2-antenna RX diversity and UL 2x2 MU-MIMO.
 When configured with four RX antennas, the eNodeB supports adaptive selection and switching
between UL 4-antenna RX diversity and UL 2x4 MU-MIMO.
Adaptive switching between RX diversity and MU-MIMO is achieved as follows: The eNodeB attempts to
pair UEs for MU-MIMO in each TTI. If the selected UEs are paired, MU-MIMO is applied to the paired
UEs. Otherwise, RX diversity is applied to the selected UEs.

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MIMO 4 Multiple-Antenna Transmission
4 Multiple-Antenna Transmission
This chapter describes the principles of multiple-antenna transmission. For engineering guidelines, see
chapter "9 Engineering Guidelines on Multiple-Antenna Transmission."
4.1 Introduction
Multiple-antenna transmission techniques are MIMO techniques in which multiple antennas are used to
transmit signals based on a certain signal processing algorithm. eNodeBs support these MIMO
techniques, but UEs do not support them currently.
This chapter describes the principles and application scenarios for the following four MIMO techniques
as well as for adaptive switching between them.
The optional features of multiple-antenna transmission are as follows:
3GPP specifications have defined nine transmission modes. For details, see section 7.1 "UE procedure
for receiving the physical downlink shared channel" in 3GPP TS 36.213, which was released in June,
2009 . The following table lists the transmission modes supported by the eNodeB of this version.
Table 4-1 Mapping between transmission modes and MIMO schemes
Transmission Mode Protocol-defined MIMO Description
Scheme
TM1 Single antenna port (port The reference signal (RS) pattern
0) corresponding to port 0 is used for
transmission.
TM2 Transmit diversity OL-TD is used.
TM3 Transmit diversity If one data stream is transmitted, OL-TD
is used.
Large-delay CDD spatial If more than one data stream is
multiplexing transmitted, large-delay CDD spatial
multiplexing is used.
TM4 Transmit diversity If signal processing at the transmitter
does not use the PMIs reported by UEs,
OL-TD is used. OL-TD allows one data
stream to be transmitted.
Closed-loop spatial If signal processing at the transmitter
multiplexing uses the PMIs reported by UEs, CL-SM
is used. CL-SM allows one or more data
streams to be transmitted.
TM6 Transmit diversity If signal processing at the transmitter
does not use the PMIs reported by UEs,
OL-TD is used. OL-TD allows one data
stream to be transmitted.
Closed-loop spatial If signal processing at the transmitter

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Transmission Mode Protocol-defined MIMO Description

Scheme
multiplexing using a uses the PMIs reported by UEs, CL-TD is
single transmission layer used. CL-TD allows one data stream to
be transmitted.
Antenna ports defined in 3GPP specifications are concepts related to the RS pattern rather than those physical antennas.
For example, if the eNodeB uses four TX antennas as defined in 3GPP Release 8, cell-specific reference signals (CRSs)
are transmitted through antenna ports 0, 1, 2 and 3.
For details about RS patterns, see section 6.10 in 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 (2009-12) .
Transmission modes from transmission mode 2 (TM2) to TM8 are also known as MIMO transmission
modes. To configure a fixed MIMO transmission mode (TM2, TM3, TM4, or TM6) for all UEs under the
eNodeB, set the MimoAdaptiveParaCfg.FixedMimoMode parameter to the specific MIMO
transmission mode. For details, see section "4.4.1 Fixed MIMO Transmission Mode." To allow the
eNodeB to apply different MIMO transmission modes to UEs with different channel states, set the
MimoAdaptiveParaCfg.MimoAdaptiveSwitch parameter as required. For details, see section "4.4.2
Adaptive MIMO Transmission Mode."
The following sections describe the principles and application scenarios of OL-TD, OL-SM, CL-SM, and
CL-TD as well as adaptive selection and switching between the four MIMO techniques.
4.2 Transmit Diversity

By utilizing the low correlation between spatial channels and the characteristics of radio waves in the
time domain and frequency domain, transmit diversity enables multiple antennas to transmit signals and
copies of these signals after encoding. These signals with different fading paths are then combined at
the receiver. Compared with direct signal transmission, transmit diversity provides diversity gains and
improves transmission reliability.
Transmit diversity is classified into OL-TD and CL-TD based on whether to use the precoding information
reported by the UE. The transmitter that uses OL-TD processes signals by using precoding matrices,
which are predefined matrices not reported by UEs, whereas the transmitter that uses CL-TD processes
signals by using the precoding matrices reported by UEs.
4.2.1 Open-Loop Transmit Diversity

If CRSs are transmitted from two antenna ports (ports 0 and 1), space-frequency block coding (SFBC) is
used. If CRSs are transmitted from four antenna ports (ports 0-3), SFBC plus frequency switched
transmit diversity (FSTD) is used.
This section describes which signals are to be transmitted on each carrier of each antenna port when
SFBC or SFBC+FSTD is used.
SFBC
SFBC is a technique in which coding is performed in both the space domain and the time domain when
CRSs are transmitted through two antenna ports.
Figure 4-1 shows the signals to be transmitted on each subcarrier of each antenna port.

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Figure 4-1 SFBC
where
 x1 and x2 denote TX data before SFBC encoding.
 * denotes conjugation of a matrix.
 f1 and f2 denote subcarriers.
 Port 0 and port 1 denote TX antenna ports.
SFBC encodes x1 and x2 on different antenna ports and subcarriers and then:
 Transmits signals x1 and x2 on subcarriers f1 and f2 of antenna port 0, respectively
 Transmits signals -x2* and x1* on subcarriers f1 and f2 of antenna port 1, respectively
By transmitting the versions of x1 and x2 on different antenna ports and subcarriers, SFBC provides
diversity gains.
SFBC+FSTD
FSTD is a technique in which some of multiple antenna ports are selected in a specific frequency order
for transmission when CRSs are transmitted through four antenna ports.
Figure 4-2 shows the signals to be transmitted on each subcarrier of each antenna port.
Figure 4-2 SFBC+FSTD
where
 x1 to x4 denote TX data before encoding.
 f1 to f4 denote subcarriers.
 Port 0 to port 3 denote TX antenna ports.
 * denotes conjugation of a matrix.
 0 indicates no transmission.
SFBC+FSTD encodes x1, x2, x3, and x4 on different antenna ports and subcarriers and then:
 Transmits signals x1 and x2 on subcarriers f1 and f2 of antenna port 0, respectively.
 Transmits signals x3 and x4 on subcarriers f3 and f4 of antenna port 1, respectively.

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 Transmits signals -x2* and x1* on subcarriers f1 and f2 of antenna port 2, respectively.
 Transmits signals -x4* and x3* on subcarriers f3 and f4 of antenna port 3, respectively.
By transmitting the versions of x1 to x4 on different antenna ports and subcarriers, SFBC+FSTD provides
diversity gains.
4.2.2 Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity

As a special CL-SM, CL-TD processes only one data stream. It maps one codeword to one layer and
uses zero-delay CDD for precoding. For details, see section "4.3.3 Closed-Loop Spatial Multiplexing."
4.3 Spatial Multiplexing

Spatial multiplexing is a technique in which multiple data streams are transmitted using the same
time-frequency resources. Spatial multiplexing increases system capacity and provides spatial
multiplexing gains because the number of spatial channels in this scheme is greater than that in
single-antenna scenarios.
Spatial multiplexing is classified into OL-SM and CL-SM based on whether the precoding information
reported by the UE is used. The transmitter that uses OL-SM processes signals by using precoding
matrices, which are predefined matrices not reported by UEs, whereas the transmitter that uses CL-SM
processes signals by using the precoding matrices reported by UEs.
4.3.1 Principles of Spatial Multiplexing

Spatial multiplexing maps codewords to layers, precodes the layered data, maps the precoded data to
antenna ports, and sends the data from antennas, as shown in Figure 4-3 . Note that the codewords
mentioned are obtained after the physical layer performs channel coding and rate control on transport
blocks received from the MAC layer.
Figure 4-3 Principles of spatial multiplexing
In Figure 4-3:
 s: TX data obtained after layer mapping
 x: TX data obtained after precoding
 y: RX signal
 H: a channel matrix
For details about layer mapping and precoding, see "Layer Mapping" and "Precoding" in this section. For
more information, see sections 6.3.3 and 6.3.4 in 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 (2009-06) .

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Layer Mapping
Layer mapping is a process in which an eNodeB maps codewords to layers.
Based on the number of TX antennas and RX antennas, spatial multiplexing allows one or two
codewords to be transmitted at the same time. In addition, it supports data transmission on one to four
layers. The following table lists the mapping between codewords and layers.
Table 4-2 Mapping between codewords and layers
Number of Codewords Number of Layers Codeword-to-Layer Mapping
1 1 Codeword 1 -> Layer 1
1 2 Codeword 1 -> Layers 1 and 2
NOTE
This type of mapping can be used only when
CRSs are transmitted through four antenna ports.

Codeword 2 -> Layer 2
Codeword 2 -> Layers 2 and 3
2 4 Codeword 1 -> Layers 1 and 2
Codeword 2 -> Layers 3 and 4
The number of layers cannot exceed the rank of the channel matrix H because the rank indicates the
maximum number of independent data streams and the maximum spatial multiplexing gain. The rank is
less than or equal to the smaller number of TX and RX antennas. If the number of layers exceeds the
rank, the demodulation performance at the RX end deteriorates.
The following lists the general relationships between antenna ports, RX antennas, and layers:
 If the number of antenna ports for CRSs is 2 and the number of UE RX antennas is 2, the number of
layers can be 1 or 2 for OL-SM and CRS-based CL-SM.
layers can be 1, 2, 3, or 4 for OL-SM and CRS-based CL-SM.
layers can be 1 or 2 for OL-SM and CRS-based CL-SM.
If the SINR is low, only a few layers, even only one layer, can be selected by the eNodeB. If the SINR is
high and propagation is scattered, the rank of the channel matrix is high and therefore the number of
layers that the eNodeB can select is large.
In spatial multiplexing, the eNodeB requests the UE to report its rank.
Precoding
Precoding is a process in which an eNodeB precodes layered data and maps the precoded data to
antenna ports.
Figure 4-4 shows an example of precoding in the case of four antenna ports.
Figure 4-5 shows an example of precoding in the case of four antenna ports.

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Figure 4-4 Precoding in the case of four antenna ports
Figure 4-5 Precoding in the case of two antenna ports
The precoding matrices are determined as follows:

 In OL-SM, precoding matrices are selected by the eNodeB according to section 6.3.4.2.2 in 3GPP TS
36.211 V10.5.0 (2012-06).
 In CL-SM, precoding matrices are reported by the UE.
The following sections describe the precoding processes in OL-SM and CL-SM.
4.3.2 Open-Loop Spatial Multiplexing

OL-SM uses large-delay CDD for precoding to obtain both multiplexing gains and diversity gains.
Diversity gains are achieved when multiple antennas are used to send the versions of the same signal
with different delays.

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The precoding formula for OL-SM is as follows:

x = WDUs
where
 W: precoding matrix, obtained from a codebook set and used in conjunction with precoding rules
 D: diagonal matrix in which the diagonal entries represent large-delay CDD values
 U: matrix used to map the layered data to multiple TX antennas, to provide diversity gains in
conjunction with D, and to reduce the difference in channel qualities at the RX end
The eNodeB currently supports a maximum of four layers in OL-SM.
For details about the codebook set, see section 6.3.4.2.3 in 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 (2009-12).
4.3.3 Closed-Loop Spatial Multiplexing

If CL-SM is based on CRSs, UEs also use CRSs for demodulation.
The eNodeB uses zero-delay CDD for precoding. The precoding formula is as follows:
x = Ws
where
 W: precoding matrix, obtained by the eNodeB from the codebook set based on the PMI reported by
the UE
Each RX antenna of a UE can receive signals from all the TX antennas of the eNodeB. To mitigate
interference between these signals and improve signal quality, a certain signal processing method can
be used at the TX end if channel information is available.
If the channel matrix H is available, the ideal precoding matrix can be calculated as follows:
Using singular value decomposition (SVD) mode, the channel matrix H is decomposed as:
H = UDVH
where
− D: diagonal matrix in which the diagonal entries equal the singular values of H
−U and VH: unitary matrices
The matrix V is used for precoding:
y = UDVHWs + n = UDVHVs + n = UDs + n
where
− n: noise
− y: RX data
The RX data y is further processed based on the matrix UH:
r = UHy = UHUDs + UHn = Ds + UHn
The RX data r indicates that the TX signals are parallel signals without interference between them.
Therefore, the matrix V is considered the ideal precoding matrix W.

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In LTE CL-SM, the eNodeB obtains a precoding matrix based on the PMI reported by the UE. Due to the
limited feedback of the quantized precoding matrix, the actually used precoding matrix is not equal to V.
In addition, delays and errors in UE reporting also affect precoding performance. Therefore, CL-SM
applies only to stationary or slowly moving UEs.
The eNodeB currently supports a maximum of two layers in CL-SM.
For details about the codebook set, see section 6.3.4.2.3 in 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 (2009-12) .
4.4 Multiple-Antenna Transmission Working Mode

The multiple-antenna transmission working mode is classified into two types:
Fixed MIMO Transmission Mode

The eNodeB configures a fixed MIMO transmission mode for all UEs in a cell. This mode is applicable to
performance testing.
Adaptive MIMO Transmission Mode

The eNodeB can configure different MIMO transmission modes for different UEs in a cell.
Adaptive MIMO transmission mode is recommended for commercial use because radio channel
conditions are complicated and different transmission schemes apply to different scenarios.
For example, spatial multiplexing brings higher throughput gains than TX diversity for UEs with high
SINRs and lowly correlated channels. However, spatial multiplexing achieves the opposite effect for UEs
with low SINRs.
Also, CL-TD or CL-SM brings higher performance gains than OL-TD or OL-SM for stationary or slowly
moving UEs. However, for fast moving UEs, CL MIMO may bring negative performance gains and
increase feedback overhead.
4.4.1 Fixed MIMO Transmission Mode

The fixed MIMO transmission mode can be TM2, TM3, TM4, or TM6.
Users can configure one of the four modes by setting the MimoAdaptiveParaCfg.FixedMimoMode
parameter only when the MimoAdaptiveParaCfg.MimoAdaptiveSwitch parameter is set to
NO_ADAPTIVE(NO_ADAPTIVE).
LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO and LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO support the four fixed MIMO
transmission modes.
LOFD-001060 DL 4X4 MIMO supports only TM2 and TM4. The eNodeB can transmit more than two data
streams only when the CellDlschAlgo.MaxMimoRankPara parameter is set to
SW_MAX_SM_RANK_4(Rank4).
The following table lists the typical application scenarios of fixed MIMO transmission mode.
Table 4-3 Typical application scenarios of fixed MIMO transmission modes
Fixed MIMO Transmission Typical Application Scenario
Mode
TM2 Most UEs have low SINR.
Especially, most UEs have low SINR and they are in fast movement.
TM3 Some UEs have high SINR.

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Fixed MIMO Transmission Typical Application Scenario

Mode
Especially, some UEs have high SINR and they are in fast movement.
TM4 Some UEs have high SINR.
Especially, some UEs have high SINR and they are stationary or in
slow movement.
TM6 Most UEs have low SINR.
Especially, most UEs have low SINR and they are stationary or in
slow movement.
For TM4 and TM6, the following factors need to be considered: the timeliness and reliability of PMI
provided by UEs and the impact of demodulation performance brought by UEs in CL MIMO mode. If the
PMI is unreliable or the demodulation performance is unstable, TM4 and TM6 do not improve or even
deteriorates system performance compared with TM2 and TM3.
4.4.2 Adaptive MIMO Transmission Mode

The following table lists the typical application scenarios of MIMO techniques.
Table 4-4 Typical application scenarios of multiple-antenna transmission
MIMO Technique Typical Application Scenario
OL-TD Low SINR and fast moving UE
OL-SM High SINR and fast moving UE
CL-TD Low SINR and slowly moving UE
CL-SM High SINR and slowly moving UE
 In this document, OL-TD and OL-SM are collectively called OL MIMO scheme; CL-TD and CL-SM are collectively
called CL MIMO scheme. TM2 and TM3 are collectively called OL MIMO mode; TM4 and TM6 are collectively called CL
MIMO mode.
 The performance of CL-TD or CL-SM also depends on the timeliness and reliability of PMI provided by UEs. Neither
scheme effectively achieves satisfactory gains in typical CL MIMO scenarios if one of these criteria is not satisfied, for
example, when UEs do not report PMIs promptly or PMIs are not reliable.
 Generally, the higher the channel correlation, the more robust the CL-TD and CL-SM schemes are to mobility.
Different UEs in a cell may experience different channel conditions. The eNodeB can configure one of
the following adaptive MIMO transmission modes for the UEs:
 OL MIMO adaptation
 CL MIMO adaptation
 OL and CL MIMO adaptation
You can configure one of the preceding modes by setting the
MimoAdaptiveParaCfg.MimoAdaptiveSwitch parameter to OL_ADAPTIVE(OL_ADAPTIVE),
CL_ADAPTIVE(CL_ADAPTIVE), or OC_ADAPTIVE(OC_ADAPTIVE).

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LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO and LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO support all the preceding adaptive
switching schemes.
LOFD-001060 DL 4X4 MIMO only supports OL MIMO adaption. LOFD-001060 DL 4X4 MIMO supports
transmission of more than two data streams only when the CellDlschAlgo.MaxMimoRankPara
parameter is set to SW_MAX_SM_RANK_4(Rank4).
The application scenarios of MIMO adaption modes are as follows:
 OL MIMO adaptation applies to scenarios where the majority of UEs are moving fast. The OL MIMO
scheme does not require UEs to report PMIs, and the eNodeB chooses to adopt OL-TD or OL-SM for
a UE based on its channel state.
 CL MIMO adaptation applies to scenarios where the majority of UEs are moving slowly, the CL MIMO
scheme requires UEs to report PMIs when the demodulation performance is stable, and the PMIs
reported by UEs are highly reliable. The eNodeB chooses to adopt CL-TD or CL-SM for a UE based
on its channel state. If CL MIMO does not improve or even deteriorates system performance
compared with OL MIMO because the PMIs provided by UEs are unreliable or the demodulation
performance is unstable, CL MIMO adaption can be rolled back to OL MIMO adaptation.
 OL and CL MIMO adaptation applies to scenarios where UEs are moving at different speeds and the
PMIs reported by UEs in CL mode are highly reliable when the demodulation performance is stable.
The eNodeB configures initial MIMO transmission mode as TM3 first and then adaptively uses the CL
or OL MIMO scheme for a UE based on its channel state.
UEs' capabilities of supporting CL MIMO may be different and therefore OL MIMO adaptation is
recommended for general scenarios of commercial networks.
CL MIMO adaptation is recommended when most UEs are in slow movement, report reliable PMIs, and
have the required demodulation capability in CL MIMO.
OL and CL MIMO adaptation is not recommended when some UEs cannot report reliable PMIs or do not
have the required demodulation capability in CL MIMO. In this situation, OL and CL MIMO adaptation
may not be able to select the optimum MIMO transmission mode and therefore cannot provide higher
performance gains than OL MIMO.

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MIMO 5 Related Features
5 Related Features
5.1 Features Related to LBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive
Diversity
Prerequisite Features
None
Mutually Exclusive Features

None
Impacted Features
None
5.2 Features Related to LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive

Diversity
None

None
Impacted Features
None
5.3 Features Related to LOFD-001012 UL Interference Rejection

Combining
None

None
Impacted Features
None
5.4 Features Related to Features Related to LOFD-001002 UL

2x2 MU-MIMO
LOFD-001002 UL 2x2 MU-MIMO schedules two UEs on the same uplink time-frequency resources. It is
addressed by the feature LOFD-00101502 Dynamic Scheduling. For details on how to use the
scheduling feature to enable and disable UL 2x2 MU-MIMO, see section "3.4 Adaptive MIMO Scheme
Switching."

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Impacted Features
 VOIP Semi-persistent Scheduling
LOFD-001002 UL 2x2 MU-MIMO and LOFD-001016 VoIP Semi-persistent Scheduling can be enabled
simultaneously but the VoIP UE performance will not reach the optimum level. When both features are
enabled, MU-MIMO UEs are being paired in each TTI and different paired UEs cause different
degrees of interference to the target VoIP UEs. When LOFD-001016 VoIP Semi-persistent Scheduling
is enabled, the RB and MCS of target VoIP UEs are comparatively stable and the co-channel
interference caused by paired UEs cannot be immediately adjusted.
 UL Dynamic ICIC
LOFD-001002 UL 2x2 MU-MIMO and LOFD-00101402 Uplink Dynamic Inter-Cell Interference
Coordination can be enabled simultaneously but MU-MIMO performance may not reach the optimum.
The reason is that UL MU-MIMO aims to increase UL capacity whereas UL dynamic inter-cell
interference coordination (ICIC) aims to coordinate interference between cells to achieve a tradeoff
between capacity and coverage.
 UL Static ICIC
LOFD-001002 UL 2x2 MU-MIMO and LOFD-00202202 Uplink Static Inter-Cell Interference
The reason is that UL MU-MIMO aims to increase UL capacity whereas UL static ICIC aims to
coordinate interference between cells to achieve a tradeoff between capacity and coverage.
5.5 Features Related to LOFD-001058 UL 2x4 MU-MIMO

LOFD-001058 UL 2x4 MU-MIMO schedules two UEs on the same uplink time-frequency resources. It is
addressed by LOFD-00101502 Dynamic Scheduling. For details on how to use the scheduling feature to
enable and disable UL 2x2 MU-MIMO, see section "3.4 Adaptive MIMO Scheme Switching."
Impacted Features
 VOIP Semi-persistent Scheduling
LOFD-001058 UL 2x4 MU-MIMO and LOFD-001016 VoIP Semi-persistent Scheduling can be enabled
simultaneously but the VoIP UE performance will not reach the optimum level. When both features are
enabled, MU-MIMO UEs are being paired in each TTI and different paired UEs cause different
degrees of interference to the target VoIP UEs. When LOFD-001016 VoIP Semi-persistent Scheduling
is enabled, the RB and MCS of target VoIP UEs are comparatively stable and the co-channel
interference caused by paired UEs cannot be immediately adjusted.
 UL Static ICIC
 DL Static ICIC

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5.6 Features Related to LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO

None

None
Impacted Features
Downlink Dynamic Inter-Cell Interference Coordination
The system performance decreases when TM6 is used and LOFD-00101401 Downlink Dynamic
Inter-Cell Interference Coordination is enabled because using ICIC to expand and shrink the lower
frequency band edge affects the resource allocation of TM6.
Dynamic Scheduling
The gains of frequency selective scheduling are negligible when TM6 is used and the frequency
selective scheduling feature of LOFD-00101502 Dynamic Scheduling is enabled because the resource
allocation of TM6 affects the coordination between dynamic scheduling and frequency selective
scheduling.
Fixed MIMO transmission mode applies to performance tests before the commercial use of multiple-antenna transmission
feature. Adaptive MIMO transmission mode is recommended for commercial scenarios. For details, see section "4.4
Multiple-Antenna Transmission Working Mode."

None

None
Impacted Features
 Downlink Dynamic Inter-Cell Interference Coordination
The system performance decreases when TM6 is used and LOFD-00101401 Downlink Dynamic
Inter-Cell Interference Coordination is enabled because using ICIC to expand and shrink the lower
frequency band edge affects the resource allocation of TM6.
 Dynamic Scheduling
The gains of frequency selective scheduling are negligible when TM6 is used and the frequency
selective scheduling feature of LOFD-00101502 Dynamic Scheduling is enabled because the
resource allocation of TM6 affects the coordination between dynamic scheduling and frequency
selective scheduling.
Fixed MIMO transmission mode applies to performance tests before the commercial use of multiple-antenna transmission
feature. Adaptive MIMO transmission mode is recommended for commercial scenarios. For details, see section "4.4
Multiple-Antenna Transmission Working Mode."

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eRAN
MIMO 6 Network Impact
6 Network Impact
6.1 LBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive Diversity
System Capacity
LBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive Diversity achieves higher diversity gains and array gains than
single-antenna reception and therefore increases the average cell throughput in the uplink.
Network Performance
LBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive Diversity achieves higher diversity gains and array gains than
single-antenna reception and therefore expands the cell coverage in the uplink and increases the
cell-edge throughput.
6.2 LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity

System Capacity
LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity achieves higher diversity gains and array gains than
LBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive Diversity and therefore increases the average cell throughput in
the uplink.
Network Performance
LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity achieves higher diversity gains and array gains than
LBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive Diversity and therefore expands the cell coverage in the uplink
and increases the cell-edge throughput.
6.3 LOFD-001012 UL Interference Rejection Combining

6.4 LOFD-001002 UL 2x2 MU-MIMO
System Capacity
Compared with SU-MIMO, MU-MIMO achieves multiplexing gains because multiple UEs use the same
time-frequency resource and more UEs have scheduling opportunities at the same time. This helps
increase the average UL cell throughput. However, UE pairing will negate part of the inter-cell
interference suppression capability because the eNodeBs enabled with LOFD-001002 UL 2x2
MU-MIMO are configured with two reception antennas which can only distinguish two signal inputs.
Therefore, strong inter-cell interference will affect the ability of LOFD-001002 UL 2x2 MU-MIMO to
improve system capacity.
Network Performance
No impact on network KPIs.
6.5 LOFD-001058 UL 2x4 MU-MIMO

System Capacity
Compared with SU-MIMO, MU-MIMO achieves multiplexing gains because multiple UEs use the same
time-frequency resource and more UEs have scheduling opportunities at the same time. This helps
increase the average UL cell throughput.

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eRAN
Network Performance
No impact on network KPIs.
6.6 LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO

System Capacity
LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO uses OL-SM or CL-SM to transmit data for UEs under favorable channel
conditions. It uses multiple antennas to transmit multiple data streams on the same time-frequency
resource so as to achieve multiplexing gains and increase the average DL cell throughput. DL 2x2 MIMO
provides about twice the peak rate of DL 1x1 SISO.
The performance of 2X2 CL MIMO mode depends on UE implementation. If most UEs cannot report
reliable PMIs or do not have stable demodulation capability, CL MIMO adaptation as well as OL and CL
MIMO adaptation provides smaller system capacity than OL MIMO adaptation.
Network Performance
LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO uses OL-TD or CL-TD to transmit data for UEs under unfavorable channel
conditions. It uses multiple antennas to achieve diversity gains and array gains. DL 2x2 MIMO provides
larger cell coverage than DL SISO.
The performance of 2X2 CL MIMO mode depends on UE implementation. If most UEs cannot report
reliable PMIs or do not have stable demodulation capability, CL MIMO adaptation as well as OL and CL
MIMO adaptation provide lower network performance than OL MIMO adaptation.

System Capacity
LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO uses OL-SM or CL-SM to transmit data for UEs under favorable channel
conditions. It uses multiple antennas to transmit multiple data streams on the same time-frequency
resource so as to achieve multiplexing gains and increase the average DL cell throughput. DL 4x2 MIMO
provides about twice the peak rate of DL 1x1 SISO.
DL 4x2 MIMO provides slightly lower peak rates than DL 2X2 MIMO because of additional overhead of
reference signals. DL 4x2 OL MIMO provides smaller system capacity than 2x2 MIMO because of
additional overhead of reference signals and higher correlation between spatial channels. However, DL
4x2 CL MIMO increases the average cell throughput due to array gains at the transmitter.
The performance of DL 4x2 MIMO depends on UE implementation. If some UEs cannot well support
4-port reference signals, DL 4x2 MIMO (even in CL mode) provides smaller system capacity than DL 2x2
MIMO.
Network Performance
LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO uses OL-TD or CL-TD to transmit data for UEs under unfavorable channel
conditions. It uses multiple antennas to achieve diversity gains and array gains. DL 4x2 CL MIMO mode
achieves higher TX array gains and provides larger cell coverage than 2x2 MIMO.
DL 4x2 MIMO provides slightly lower network performance than DL 2X2 MIMO because of additional
overhead of reference signals and high correlation between spatial channels.
The performance of DL 4x2 MIMO depends on UE implementation. If some UEs cannot well support
4-port reference signals, DL 4x2 MIMO (even in CL mode) provides lower network performance than DL
2x2 MIMO.

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eRAN

System Capacity
LOFD-001060 DL 4x4 MIMO uses OL-SM to transmit data for UEs under favorable channel conditions. It
uses multiple antennas to transmit multiple spatial data streams on the time-frequency resources so as
to achieve higher multiplexing gains. DL 4x4 MIMO provides twice the downlink peak rate of DL 2x2
MIMO and provides higher average cell throughput in the downlink than DL 2x2 MIMO.
Network Performance
LOFD-001060 DL 4x4 MIMO uses OL-SM to transmit data for UEs under unfavorable channel conditions.
DL 4x4 MIMO achieves higher diversity gains at the transmitter and receiver, and provides larger cell
coverage in the downlink than DL 2x2 MIMO.

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eRAN 7 Engineering Guidelines on Multiple-Antenna RX
MIMO Diversity
7 Engineering Guidelines on Multiple-Antenna RX

Diversity
7.1 When to Use Multiple-Antenna RX Diversity
This is a basic feature, which is not under license control. It can be used if the eNodeB meets the
requirements for deploying 2-antenna RX diversity, as described in section "7.4 Deployment of
Multiple-Antenna RX Diversity."
It is recommended that this feature be used to increase UL coverage if the eNodeB meets the
requirements for deploying 4-antenna RX diversity, as described in section "7.4 Deployment of
Multiple-Antenna RX Diversity."
7.2 Required Information

The following information needs to be collected before deploying multiple-antenna RX diversity:
Coverage area
 Coverage area type: dense urban areas, urban areas, suburban districts, rural areas, or highways
 Service type and coverage requirements for different service types
 User number and user distribution
 KPI requirements, especially for the cell-edge throughput and average cell throughput in the uplink
Frequency band
Frequency band information includes the LTE frequency band owned by the operator, adjacent
frequency bands, and frequency band distribution of other wireless communications systems in the area
which are used to analyze interference from other frequencies.
Map
Whether a digital map of the coverage area is available for system performance simulation needs to be
verified.
GSM/UMTS network information

RF parameters of the existing GSM/UMTS networks are necessary because reusing the existing
GSM/UMTS sites helps operators who have deployed GSM/UMTS networks to reduce the cost of
deploying LTE networks.
Antenna
The following information needs to be collected: antenna type, number of ports, electrical specifications
(including operating frequency band, polarization, gains, horizontal and vertical beamwidth, tilt, sidelobe
suppression, front-to-back ratio, and isolation between ports), mechanical specifications (including
antenna size, weight, wind load, and connector), and radiation pattern diagram. If a new antenna is to be
added, you need to verify whether there is space and whether the space meets the requirements for
installing the antenna. If an old antenna is to be replaced with a new one, you need to verify whether the
installation conditions are fulfilled for the new antenna.

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MIMO Diversity
Feeder
Information about the feeder cable type and loss is required.
Coupler
If a coupler is used, you need to collect information about the coupler type and specifications such as
delay and insertion loss.
7.3 Planning
RF Planning
Estimate the uplink link budget and capacity based on the information collected by referring to section
"7.2 Required Information" and then complete the RF planning.
Network Planning
N/A
Hardware Planning
If an LBBPc is used and LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity is enabled, only one cell can be
established on an LBBPc when the system bandwidth is 15 or 20 MHz; a maximum of three cells can be
established on an LBBPc when the system bandwidth is less than or equal to 10 MHz. It is
recommended that an LBBPd2 be used when the system bandwidth is 15 or 20 MHz and LOFD-001005
UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity is enabled.
MIMO includes multiple-antenna reception and transmission. Therefore, hardware for multiple-antenna
transmission must be considered when you plan hardware for RX diversity. For details about the
hardware planning for multiple-antenna transmission, see section "9.4.4 Hardware Adjustment."
7.4 Deployment of Multiple-Antenna RX Diversity

7.4.1 Requirements
Operating Environment
 The feature LBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive Diversity requires that the eNodeB have a
minimum of two RX channels and two antennas.
 The feature LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity requires that the eNodeB have a minimum
of four RX channels and four antennas.
License
The operator has purchased and activated the license for the feature listed in the following. For details
about how to activate a license, see License Management Feature Parameter Description.
Feature ID Feature License NE Sales Unit

Name Control Item
LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna UL 4-Antenna eNodeB per cell
Receive Receive
Diversity Diversity(per
Cell)(FDD)
LOFD-001012 UL UL eNodeB per cell
Interference Interference

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MIMO Diversity
Rejection Rejection
Combining Combining(pe
r Cell)(FDD)
7.4.2 Data Preparation

This section describes generic data and scenario-specific data to be collected. Generic data is
necessary for all scenarios and must always be collected. Scenario-specific data is collected only when
necessary for a specific scenario.
There are three types of data sources:
 Network plan (negotiation required): Parameters are planned by operators and negotiated with the
EPC or peer transmission equipment.
 Network plan (negotiation not required): Parameters are planned and set by operators.
 User-defined: Parameters are set as required by users.
Generic Data
The following table describes the parameters that must be set in a Sector MO to configure a sector.
Parameter Parameter ID Source Setting Description

Name
Sector mode Sector.SEC Network The value NORMALMIMO(Normal MIMO) is
M plan recommended.
(negotiation If the RRU channel cross-connection under MIMO
not required) feature is used, set this parameter to
AIDMIMO(mutual-aid MIMO).
CombMode Sector.COM Network The value COMBTYPE_SINGLE_RRU is
BM plan recommended. This value is used for common
(negotiation scenarios.
not required) If the combination mode of multiple RRUs and 2T2R
or 4T4R antenna mode are used, set parameters for
more antenna ports.
Scenario-specific Data
The feature LOFD-001012 UL Interference Rejection Combining does not require scenario-specific data
preparation.
For the features LBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive Diversity and LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna
Receive Diversity, the following scenario-specific data must be collected:
Parameter Name Parameter ID Source Setting Description

Antenna mode Sector.ANTM Network plan If two RX antennas are configured, set
(negotiation not this parameter to 1T2R or 2T2R to
required) support 2-antenna reception in the UL.

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MIMO Diversity

If four RX antennas are configured, set
this parameter to 2T4R or 4T4R to
support 4-antenna reception in the UL.
Cabinet No. of the CNn (for example, Network plan Set this parameter to the cabinet
RRU where Sector.CN1) (negotiation not number of the RRU where antenna
antenna port n is required) port n is located, based on the network
located plan. Antenna port n corresponds to
this sector.
The value of n specifies the antenna
port number.
 If two RX antennas are configured,
the values of n must be 1 and 2.
 If four RX antennas are configured,
the values of n must be 1 to 4.
 If the COMBM and ANTM
parameters are set to
COMBTYPE_TWO_RRU and 2T2R,
respectively, the values of n must be
1 to 4.
1 to 8.
COMBTYPE_THREE_RRU and
4T4R, respectively, the values of n
must be 1 to 12.
Subrack No. of the SRNn (for Network plan Set this parameter to the subrack
RRU where example, (negotiation not number of the RRU where antenna
antenna port n is Sector.SRN1) required) port n is located, based on the network
located plan. Antenna port n corresponds to
this sector.
port number.
1 to 4.

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MIMO Diversity

1 to 8.
must be 1 to 12.
Slot No. of the SNn (for example, Network plan Set this parameter to the slot number
RRU where Sector.SN1) (negotiation not of the RRU where antenna port n is
antenna port n is required) located, based on the network plan.
located Antenna port n corresponds to this
sector.
port number.
1 to 4.
1 to 8.
must be 1 to 12.
Port No. of PNn (for example, Network plan Set this parameter to the number of
antenna connector Sector.PN1) (negotiation not antenna port n on the RRU based on
n required) the network plan. Antenna port n
corresponds to this sector.
port number.
1 to 4.

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MIMO Diversity

1 to 8.
must be 1 to 12.
The following table describes the parameter that must be set in the CellAlgoSwitch MO to configure
adaptive switching between IRC and MRC.

Name
MRC/IRC CellAlgoSwit Network It is recommended that this switch be turned on.
adaptation ch.MrcIrcAd plan
switch ptSwitch (negotiation
not
required)
7.4.3 Precautions
N/A
7.4.4 Hardware Adjustment

If the feature LBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive Diversity is used, equipment must be installed
based on the topology in Figure 7-1.
Figure 7-1 Topology for UL 2-antenna RX diversity
SAE: System Architecture Evolution BBU: baseband unit

CPRI: common public radio interface RRU: remote radio unit

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MIMO Diversity
The BBU and RRU are connected through an optical fiber, and the RRU and antennas are connected
through feeders. If the feature LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity is used for an eNodeB
equipped with integrated RRUs, equipment must be installed based on the topology in Figure 7-2.
Figure 7-2 Topology for UL 4-antenna RX diversity with integrated RRU
If the feature LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity is used for an eNodeB equipped with
combined RRUs, equipment must be installed based on the topology in Figure 7-3.
Figure 7-3 Topology for UL 4-antenna RX diversity with combined RRUs
In this document, four RX/TX channels of an integrated RRU are incorporated in one RF module and four TX/RX channels
of a combined RRU are provided by two 2-channel RRUs.
7.4.5 Initial Configuration

Configuring a Single eNodeB Using the GUI
Configure a single eNodeB using the Configuration Management Express (CME) graphical user
interface (GUI) based on the collected data described in section "7.4.2 Data Preparation." For details,
see the procedure for configuring a single eNodeB on the CME GUI described in eNodeB Initial
Configuration Guide.
Step 1 Configuring eNodeBs in Batches
To configure eNodeBs in batches, perform the following steps:
On the GUI, set the parameters listed in the table for a specific scenario in this section, and save the
parameter settings as a user-defined template.
The parameters are the same as those described in section 7.3.2 "Data Preparation."
Step 2 Fill in the summary data file with the name of the user-defined template.
The parameter settings in the user-defined template will be applied to the eNodeBs after you import the
summary data file into the CME.
For descriptions of the user-defined template and summary data file and also the detailed procedure for
configuring eNodeBs in batches, see eNodeB Initial Configuration Guide.

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MIMO Diversity
MO Parameter Group Parameter Remarks

Name
Sector Sector Sector mode, User-defined template.
Antenna mode, The value of n specifies the antenna
CombMode, port number.
Cabinet No. of the
RRU where
 If the CombMode parameter is set
antenna port n is to COMBTYPE_SINGLE_RRU
located, Subrack and two RX antennas are
No. of the RRU configured, the values of n must be
where antenna 1 and 2.
port n is located,  If the CombMode parameter is set
Slot No. of the to COMBTYPE_SINGLE_RRU
RRU where and four RX antennas are
antenna port n is configured, the values of n must be
located, Port No. 1 to 4.
of antenna  If the CombMode and Antenna
connector n mode parameters are set to
COMBTYPE_TWO_RRU and
must be 1 to 4.
 If the CombMode and Antenna
mode parameters are set to
COMBTYPE_TWO_RRU and
must be 1 to 8.
 If the CombMode and Antenna
mode parameters are set to
must be 1 to 12.
----End
Configuring a Single eNodeB Using MML Commands

Run the MOD SECTOR command with the ANTM parameter set to 2T2R, 1T2R, 2T4R, or 4T4R, as
listed in the following table.
Antenna MML Command

Mode
1T2R Run the MOD SECTOR command to set the antenna mode.
Example:
MOD SECTOR: SECN=0, SECM=NormalMIMO, ANTM=1T2R,
COMBM=COMBTYPE_SINGLE_RRU, CN1=0, SRN1=60, SN1=0, PN1=R0A, CN2=0,
SRN2=60, SN2=0, PN2=R0B;
Example:

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MIMO Diversity
Antenna MML Command

Mode
SRN2=60, SN2=0, PN2=R0B;
2T4R with Run the MOD SECTOR command to set the antenna mode.
integrated Example:
RRUs
SRN2=60, SN2=0, PN2=R0B, CN3=0, SRN3=60, SN3=0, PN3=R0C, CN4=0,
SRN4=60, SN4=0, PN4=R0D;
combined Example:
RRUs
SRN2=60, SN2=0, PN2=R0B, CN3=0, SRN3=61, SN3=0, PN3=R0A, CN4=0,
SRN4=61, SN4=0, PN4=R0B;
integrated Example:
RRUs
SRN2=60, SN2=0, PN2=R0B, CN3=0, SRN3=60, SN3=0, PN3=R0C, CN4=0,
SRN4=60, SN4=0, PN4=R0D;
combined Example:
RRUs
SRN2=60, SN2=0, PN2=R0B, CN3=0, SRN3=61, SN3=0, PN3=R0A, CN4=0,
SRN4=61, SN4=0, PN4=R0B;
Set the parameters based on the network plan. Unless otherwise specified, the default values are recommended.
7.4.6 Activation Observation

Observing UL 2-Antenna RX Diversity
The observation procedure is as follows:
Step 1 On the M2000 client, choose Monitor > Signaling Trace > Signaling Trace Management.
Step 2 In the navigation tree of the Signaling Trace Management window, choose Cell Performance
Monitoring > Interference Detect Monitoring.
Step 3 In the displayed dialog box, select an eNodeB and set the local cell ID of the cell to be traced.
Then, click Finish to start a tracing task.
Step 4 Observe the real-time values of antenna 0 RSSI(dBm) and antenna 1 RSSI(dBm).

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MIMO Diversity
If neither of the values is N/A, two RX antennas have been configured and this feature is activated.
----End
Observing UL 4-Antenna RX Diversity

Step 3 In the displayed dialog box, select an eNodeB and set the local cell ID of the cell to be traced.
Then, click Finish to start a tracing task.
Step 4 Observe the real-time values of antenna 0 RSSI(dBm), antenna 1 RSSI(dBm), antenna 2
RSSI(dBm), and antenna 3 RSSI(dBm).
If none of the values is N/A, four RX antennas have been configured and this feature is activated.
----End
7.4.7 Reconfiguration
None.
7.5 Maintenance
7.5.1 Performance Monitoring
LBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive Diversity
Check the receive power of two antennas in the cell performance monitoring result. If neither of the
values of antenna 0 RSSI(dBm) and antenna 1 RSSI(dBm) is N/A, this feature is in effect.
LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity

Check the receive power of four antennas in the cell performance monitoring result. If none of the values
of antenna 0 RSSI(dBm), antenna 1 RSSI(dBm), antenna 2 RSSI(dBm), and antenna 3 RSSI(dBm) is
N/A, this feature is in effect.
In addition, you can measure the total uplink traffic volume at the PDCP layer (corresponding to the
counter L.Thrp.bits.UL) and total duration of uplink data transmission (corresponding to the counter
L.Thrp.Time.Cell.UL) for a cell when LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity is enabled and
when LBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive Diversity is enabled with other system configuration
remaining unchanged. Then you can calculate the uplink throughput. The throughput is higher when
LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity is enabled than that when LBFD-00202001 UL
2-Antenna Receive Diversity is enabled.
With LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity enabled, if the receive power for two pairs of antennas is imbalanced
due to interference or feeder length difference, the gains of four-antenna receive diversity are negatively affected
compared with two-antenna receive diversity.

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MIMO Diversity
7.5.2 Parameter Optimization

N/A.
7.5.3 Troubleshooting
Fault Description
LBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive Diversity fails to be activated when two RX antennas are
configured.
Fault Handling
The procedure is as follows:
Step 3 Check antenna 0 RSSI(dBm) and antenna 1 RSSI(dBm).
If either of the values is the invalid value N/A,run the LST SECTOR command to check whether
2-antenna reception has been correctly configured.
If the parameter value indicates that the reception mode is not 2R, adjust the configuration.
Step 4 If the fault persists, contact Huawei technical support.
----End
Fault Description
LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity fails to be activated when four RX antennas are
configured.
Fault Handling
Step 1 On the M2000 client, run the DSP LICENSE command to check whether the license control item
LLT1U4ARD01 is valid. If it is invalid, load a valid license file for this item.
Step 4 Check antenna 0 RSSI(dBm), antenna 1 RSSI(dBm), antenna 2 RSSI(dBm), and antenna 3
RSSI(dBm).
If either of the values is the invalid value N/A,run the LST SECTOR command to check whether
4-antenna reception has been correctly configured.If the antenna configuration is incorrect, adjust the
configuration.
----End

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eRAN
MIMO 8 Engineering Guidelines on MU-MIMO
8 Engineering Guidelines on MU-MIMO

8.1 When to Use MU-MIMO
MU-MIMO is used to improve UL capacity. The features LOFD-001002 UL 2x2 MU-MIMO and
LOFD-001058 UL 2x4 MU-MIMO are not recommended in high speed mobility or ultra high speed
mobility scenarios to ensure the system stability.
If there are strong interference between neighboring cells, LOFD-001002 UL 2x2 MU-MIMO is not
recommended because it is difficult for the eNodeB to use only two RX antennas to mitigate inter-cell
interference.
It is recommended that LOFD-001002 UL 2x2 MU-MIMO and LOFD-001096 Advanced Receiver be
used together to improve network performance.

None
8.3 Planning
RF Planning
N/A
Network Planning
N/A
Hardware Planning
Perform the hardware planning by referring to section "7.3 Planning."
8.4 Deployment of MU-MIMO

8.4.1 Requirements
Other Features
 The feature LOFD-001002 UL 2x2 MU-MIMO requires that the feature LOFD-00101502 Dynamic
Scheduling be enabled.
 The feature LOFD-001058 UL 2x4 MU-MIMO also requires that the feature LOFD-00101502 Dynamic
Scheduling be enabled.
 The feature LOFD-001002 UL 2x2 MU-MIMO requires that the eNodeB have a minimum of two RX
channels and two antennas.
 The feature LOFD-001058 UL 2x4 MU-MIMO requires that the eNodeB have a minimum of four RX
channels and four antennas.
Licenses
The operator has purchased and activated the licenses for the features listed in the following table. For
details about how to activate a license, see License Management Feature Parameter Description.

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eRAN

Name Control Item
LOFD-001002 UL 2x2 UL 2x2 eNodeB per cell
MU-MIMO MU-MIMO
(per
Cell)(FDD)
LOFD-001058 UL 2x4 UL 2x4 eNodeB per cell
MU-MIMO MU-MIMO(per
Cell)(FDD)

Generic Data
N/A
The following table describes the parameters that must be set in the CellAlgoSwitch MO to configure
UL MU-MIMO for a cell.

Name
Local cell ID Cell.LocalCe Network This parameter specifies the local ID of the cell.
llId plan Ensure that this parameter has been set in a Cell
(negotiation MO.
not required)
Uplink CellAlgoSwit Network UlVmimoSwitch(UlVmimoSwitch) under this
schedule ch.UlSchSwi plan parameter specifies whether to enable or disable UL
switch tch (negotiation MU-MIMO.
not required) In a network that is operating normally, clear the
UlVmimoSwitch(UlVmimoSwitch) check box.
The following table describes the parameters that must be set in the SRSCfg MO to configure the switch
used to enable sounding reference signal (SRS) configuration.

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eRAN

Name
llId plan Ensure that this parameter has been set in a Cell
(negotiation MO.
not required)
SRS SRSCfg.Srs Network This parameter specifies whether the cell has
Configuration CfgInd plan available SRS resources. If this parameter is set to
Indicator (negotiation BOOLEAN_FALSE(False), the cell has no SRS
not required) resources for its UEs. If this parameter is set to
BOOLEAN_TRUE(True), the cell has available
SRS resources for its UEs.
8.4.3 Precautions
Before enabling MU-MIMO, ensure that the SrsCfgInd parameter in the SRSCfg MO has been set to
BOOLEAN_TRUE(True).

N/A

Configuring eNodeBs in Batches
Step 1 On the GUI, set the parameters listed in the table for a specific scenario in this section, and save
the parameter settings as a user-defined template.
The parameters are the same as those described in section "8.4.2 Data Preparation."
MO Parameter Group Name Parameter

CellAlgoSwitch CellAlgoSwitch Local cell ID, Uplink schedule switch
SRSCfg SRSCfg Local cell ID, SRS Configuration Indicator

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eRAN
----End

The configuration procedure is as follows:
[1]. Run the MOD SRSCFG command to turn on the switch used to enable SRS configuration.
Example:
MOD SRSCFG: LocalCellId=0, SrsCfgInd=BOOLEAN_TRUE;
Step 3 Run the MOD CELLALGOSWITCH command to enable UL MU-MIMO.

Example:
MOD CELLALGOSWITCH:LOCALCELLID=0,ULSCHSWITCH=UlVmimoSwitch-1;
----End

Monitoring > Multi User-MIMO Monitoring.
Step 3 Enable multiple UEs to access the network. Ensure that the reference signal received power
(RSRP) values of the UEs range from -100 dBm to -75 dBm. Then, perform UL FTP services on
the UEs.
Step 4 On the M2000 client, check the value in the Mimo UE Pair Num column. If the value is greater
than 0, UL MU-MIMO is activated on the eNodeB.
To easily observe the UE pairing, set the cell bandwidth to 5 MHz, set the antenna mode to 2T2R or 2T4R, and ensure
that the number of UEs is greater than 5.
----End
N/A
8.5 Maintenance
Observe the value of Mimo UE Pair Num on the M2000. If the value is greater than 0, UL MU-MIMO is in
effect. If the value is 0, UL MU-MIMO does not take effect and you can rectify faults by referring to
section "8.5.1 Performance Monitoring."

N/A

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eRAN
Fault Description
The MU-MIMO feature fails to be activated.
Fault Handling
Step 1 Run the DSP LICENSE command on the M2000 client and check whether the license control
item LLT1UMIMO01 or LLT1UMIMO02 is valid in the command output. If it is invalid, load a valid
license file for this item.
Step 2 On the M2000 client, choose Monitor > Signaling Trace > Signaling Trace Management. In
the navigation tree of the Signaling Trace Management window, choose Cell Performance
Monitoring > Users Statistic Monitoring. Then, check the value of General Users Number.
 If the number of UEs is less than or equal to 5 under a bandwidth greater than or equal to 10 MHz
for enabling MU-MIMO, there is a low probability that UEs can be paired, and accordingly MU-MIMO
fails to be activated. Therefore, it is recommended that the number of UEs be greater than 5.
 If the number of UEs is greater than 5, go to Step 3.
Step 3 Choose User Performance Monitoring > Quality of Channel Monitoring in the navigation tree
of the Signaling Trace Management window and observe the SINR. There is a low probability
that UEs can be paired if the SINR is low, and accordingly MU-MIMO fails to be activated.
Therefore, use this feature in scenarios where the SINR is high.
----End

Ltd.
eRAN 9 Engineering Guidelines on Multiple-Antenna
MIMO Transmission
9 Engineering Guidelines on Multiple-Antenna

Transmission
9.1 When to Use Multiple-Antenna Transmission
LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO
The feature LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO can be used when the following conditions are met:
 Network:
The eNodeB provides at least two TX channels and the operator has obtained the corresponding
license. For details, see section "9.4.1 Requirements."
 UE:
UEs have two RX antennas and support 2-antenna transmission of the eNodeB.

The feature LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO, which improves downlink capacity and coverage, can be used
when the following conditions are met:
 Network:
The eNodeB provides at least four TX channels and the operator has obtained the corresponding
 UE:
UEs have two RX antennas and support 4-antenna transmission of the eNodeB.

The feature LOFD-001060 DL 4x4 MIMO, which improves downlink capacity and coverage, can be used
when the following conditions are met:
 Network:
The eNodeB provides at least four TX channels and the operator has obtained the corresponding
 UE:
UEs have four RX antennas and support 4-antenna transmission of the eNodeB.
Before deploying multiple-antenna transmission, operators must consider the capabilities of different
UEs in support of multiple-transmission of the eNodeB and the impact of these UEs on network
performance after the deployment. For example, if some UEs on the network do not support 4-antenna
transmission of the eNodeB, it is recommended that LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO not be activated.
Otherwise, performance of these UEs will deteriorate sharply and some of them even cannot access the
network.
When LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO is activated, the reference signal overhead is increased compared
with 2x2 MIMO. When the total transmit power remains unchanged, 4x2 open-loop (OL) MIMO has
negative impacts in most scenarios compared with 2x2 MIMO. 4x2 closed-loop (CL) MIMO has limited
gains compared with 2x2 MIMO. Therefore, it is recommended that LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO not be
activated in scenarios where all the UEs in the network only support two antenna reception in downlink.
It is recommended that LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO and LOFD-001060 DL 4x4 MIMO be activated
when some UEs support four antenna reception in downlink and all UEs in the network support four
antenna transmission of the eNodeB.

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MIMO Transmission

The following information needs to be collected before deploying multiple-antenna transmission:
Coverage area
 Coverage area type: dense urban areas, urban areas, suburban districts, rural areas, or highways
 Service type and coverage requirements for different service types
 User number and user distribution
 KPI requirements, especially for the cell-edge throughput and average cell throughput in the downlink
Frequency band
Frequency band information includes the LTE frequency band owned by the operator, adjacent
frequency bands, and frequency band distribution of other wireless communications systems in the area
which are used to analyze interference from other frequencies.
Map
Whether a digital map of the coverage area is available for system performance simulation needs to be
verified.
GSM/UMTS network information

RF parameters of the existing GSM/UMTS networks are necessary because reusing the existing
GSM/UMTS sites helps operators who have deployed GSM/UMTS networks to reduce the cost of
deploying LTE networks.
Antenna
The following information needs to be collected: antenna type, number of ports, electrical specifications
(including operating frequency band, polarization, gains, horizontal and vertical beamwidth, tilt, sidelobe
suppression, front-to-back ratio, and isolation between ports), mechanical specifications (including
antenna size, weight, wind load, and connector), and radiation pattern diagram. If a new antenna is to be
added, you need to verify whether there is space and whether the space meets the requirements for
installing the antenna. If an old antenna is to be replaced with a new one, you need to verify whether the
installation conditions are fulfilled for the new antenna.
Feeder
Information about the feeder cable type and loss is required.
Coupler
If a coupler is used, you need to collect information about the coupler type and specifications such as
delay and insertion loss.
UE
UE capabilities related to multiple-antenna transmission of the eNodeB
9.3 Planning
RF Planning
Estimate the downlink budget and capacity based on the information collected by referring to section
"9.2 Required Information" and then complete the RF planning.

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MIMO Transmission
Network Planning
For details about networking for multiple-antenna transmission, see section "9.4.4 Hardware
Adjustment."
Hardware Planning
It is recommended that an integrated 2T2R RRU be used for LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO.
It is recommended that the following hardware be used for LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO and
LOFD-001060 DL 4x4 MIMO:
 An integrated 4T4R RRU
 An LBBPd2
 A 4-port antenna
LBBPc supports LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO and LOFD-001060 DL 4x4 MIMO. If the system bandwidth is greater than
10 MHz, only one cell can be established on an LBBPc. If the system bandwidth is less than or equal to 10 MHz, a
maximum of three cells can be established on an LBBPc. LBBPd1 does not support LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO and
LOFD-001060 DL 4x4 MIMO.
Table 9-1 describes the mapping between CPRI interface rate and the maximum number of cells
supported by an optical module in the eNodeB using different bandwidths and antennas.
Table 9-1 Mapping between CPRI interface rate and the maximum number of cells supported by an optical
module in the eNodeB using different bandwidths and antennas
CPRI Interface Rate Maximum Number of Maximum Number of Cells Supported In
Cells Supported In Four-Antenna Scenarios
Two-Antenna Scenarios
1.25 Gbit/s Supports one cell when Four antennas are not recommended.
the bandwidth is less than
or equal to 10 MHz.
2.5 Gbit/s  Supports two cells when Supports one cell when the bandwidth is
the bandwidth is less less than or equal to 10 MHz.
than or equal to 10
MHz.
 Supports one cell when
the bandwidth is 15 or
20 MHz.
4.9 Gbit/s  Supports four cells  Supports two cells when the bandwidth is
when the bandwidth is less than or equal to 10 MHz.
less than or equal to 10  Supports one cell when the bandwidth is
MHz. 15 or 20 MHz.
 Supports two cells when
the bandwidth is 15 or
20 MHz.

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MIMO Transmission
9.4 Deploying Multiple-Antenna Transmission

9.4.1 Requirements
The eNodeB provides at least two TX channels and two antennas.
 LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO or LOFD-001060 DL 4X4 MIMO
The eNodeB provides at least four TX channels and four antennas.
It is recommended that an integrated 2T2R RRU be used for LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO. It is recommended that an
integrated 4T4R RRU be used for LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO and LOFD-001060 DL 4X4 MIMO.
Licenses
The operator has purchased and activated the license for the feature listed in the following table. For
details about how to activate a license, see License Management Feature Parameter Description.

Name Control Item
LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO DL 2x2 eNodeB per cell
MIMO(per
Cell)(FDD)
MIMO(per
Cell)(FDD)
MIMO(per
Cell)(FDD)

Generic Data

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MIMO Transmission
Parameter Parameter Source Setting Description

Name ID
Sector mode Sector.SE Network The value NORMALMIMO(Normal MIMO) is
CM plan recommended.
(negotiati If the RRU channel cross-connection under MIMO
on not feature is used, set this parameter to
required) AIDMIMO(mutual-aid MIMO).
CombMode Sector.CO Network The value COMBTYPE_SINGLE_RRU is
MBM plan recommended. This value is used for common
(negotiati scenarios.
on not If the combination mode of multiple RRUs and 2T2R or
required) 4T4R antenna mode are used, set parameters for more
antenna ports.
This section describes the parameters that must be set for the features LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO,
LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO, and LOFD-001060 DL 4X4 MIMO.
Param Param Source Setting Description

eter eter ID
Name
Antenn Sector. Network plan If two TX antennas are configured, set this parameter to 2T2R or
a mode ANTM (negotiation 2T4R to support the licensed feature DL 2x2 MIMO.
not required) If four TX antennas are configured, set this parameter to 4T4R to
support the licensed features DL 4x2 MIMO and DL 4x4 MIMO.
Cabinet CNn Network plan Set this parameter to the cabinet number of the RRU where
No. of (for (negotiation antenna port n is located, based on the network plan. Antenna
the exampl not required) port n corresponds to this sector.
RRU e, The value of n specifies the antenna port number.
where Sector.
antenn CN1)
 If two TX antennas are configured, the values of n must be 1
a port n and 2.
is  If four TX antennas are configured, the values of n must be 1 to
located 4.
 If the COMBM and ANTM parameters are set to
COMBTYPE_TWO_RRU and 2T2R, respectively, the values
of n must be 1 to 4.
COMBTYPE_THREE_RRU and 4T4R, respectively, the
values of n must be 1 to 12.
Subrac SRNn Network plan Set this parameter to the subrack number of the RRU where
k No. of (for (negotiation antenna port n is located, based on the network plan. Antenna

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MIMO Transmission

eter eter ID
Name
the exampl not required) port n corresponds to this sector.
where Sector.
antenn SRN1)
a port n and 2.
located 4.
Slot SNn Network plan Set this parameter to the slot number of the RRU where antenna
No. of (for (negotiation port n is located, based on the network plan. Antenna port n
the exampl not required) corresponds to this sector.
where Sector.
antenn SN1)
a port n and 2.
located 4.
Port PNn Network plan Set this parameter to the number of antenna port n on the RRU
No. of (for (negotiation based on the network plan. Antenna port n corresponds to this
antenn exampl not required) sector.
a e, The value of n specifies the antenna port number.
connect Sector.
or n PN1)
and 2.
 If four TX antennas are configured, the values of n must be 1 to
4.

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MIMO Transmission

eter eter ID
Name
The following table describes the parameters that must be set in the MimoAdaptiveParaCfg MO to
configure an adaptive switching scheme for the eNodeB.

Name
MIMO adaptive MimoAdapti Network  Set this parameter to
switch veParaCfg.M plan OL_ADAPTIVE(OL_ADAPTIVE) to use OL
imoAdaptive (negotiation MIMO adaption.
Switch not required)  Set this parameter to
CL_ADAPTIVE(CL_ADAPTIVE) to use CL MIMO
adaption.
 Set this parameter to
OC_ADAPTIVE(OC_ADAPTIVE) to use OL and
CL MIMO adaptation.
The following table describes the parameters that must be set in the MimoAdaptiveParaCfg MO to
configure a fixed MIMO transmission mode for the eNodeB.

Name
MIMO MimoAdapti Network Set this parameter to
adaptive veParaCfg.M plan NO_ADAPTIVE(NO_ADAPTIVE) to use fixed
switch imoAdaptive (negotiation mode.
Switch not
required)
Fixed MIMO MimoAdapti Network This parameter is valid only when the
mode veParaCfg.Fi plan MimoAdaptiveSwitch parameter is set to
xedMimoMo (negotiation NO_ADAPTIVE(NO_ADAPTIVE).
de not Set this parameter to TM2(TM2), TM3(TM3),
required) TM4(TM4), or TM6(TM6) based on the network
plan.
The following table describes the parameters that must be set in the SRSCfg MO to configure the switch
used to enable SRS configuration.

Ltd.
MIMO Transmission

Name
llId plan Ensure that this parameter has been set in a Cell MO.
(negotiation
not
required)
SRS SRSCfg.Srs Network This parameter specifies whether the cell has
Configuration CfgInd plan available SRS resources. If this parameter is set to
Indicator (negotiation BOOLEAN_FALSE(False), the cell has no SRS
not resources for its UEs. If this parameter is set to
required) BOOLEAN_TRUE(True), the cell has available SRS
resources for its UEs.
The following table describes the parameters that must be set in the CellDlschAlgo MO to configure the
maximum rank if 4x4 MIMO is used. For 4x2 and 2x2 MIMO, retain the default values of these
parameters.

Name
Local cell ID Cell.LocalCel Network This parameter specifies the local ID of the cell.
lId plan Ensure that this parameter has been set in a Cell MO.
(negotiation
not
required)
maximum CellDlschAlg Network This parameter specifies the maximum rank for DL
number of o.MaxMimoR plan MIMO.
MIMO layers ankPara (negotiation Value:
not
required)
 SW_MAX_SM_RANK_1(Rank1)
9.4.3 Precautions
N/A

If the feature LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO is used, equipment must be installed based on the topology in
Figure 9-1.

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MIMO Transmission
Figure 9-1 Topology for DL 2-antenna transmission
The BBU and RRU are connected through an optical fiber, and the RRU and antennas are connected
through feeders.
LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO or LOFD-001060 DL 4X4 MIMO(integrated RRUs)

If the feature LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO or LOFD-001060 DL 4X4 MIMO is used for an eNodeB
equipped with integrated RRUs, equipment must be installed based on the topology in Figure 9-2.
Figure 9-2 Topology for DL 4-antenna transmission with integrated RRU
LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO or LOFD-001060 DL 4X4 MIMO(combined RRUs)

If the feature LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO or LOFD-001060 DL 4X4 MIMO is used for an eNodeB
equipped with combined RRUs, equipment must be installed based on the topology in Figure 9-3.
Figure 9-3 Topology for DL 4-antenna transmission with combined RRUs
If MIMO mutual aid is used, see Cell Management Feature Parameter Description for the topology.


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MIMO Transmission
Configuring eNodeBs in Batches
Step 1 On the GUI, set the parameters listed in the table for a specific scenario in this section, and save
the parameter settings as a user-defined template.
The parameters are the same as those described in section "9.4.2 Data Preparation."
MO Parameter Group Paramete Remarks

Name r
Sector Sector Sector User-defined template.
mode, The value of n specifies the antenna port
Antenna number.
mode,
CombMod
 If the CombMode parameter is set to
e, Cabinet COMBTYPE_SINGLE_RRU and two TX
No. of the antennas are configured, the values of n must
RRU be 1 and 2.
where  If the CombMode parameter is set to
antenna COMBTYPE_SINGLE_RRU and four TX
port n is antennas are configured, the values of n must
located, be 1 to 4.
Subrack  If the CombMode and Antenna mode
No. of the parameters are set to
RRU COMBTYPE_TWO_RRU and 2T2R,
where respectively, the values of n must be 1 to 4.
antenna
port n is
 If the CombMode and Antenna mode
located, parameters are set to
Slot No. of COMBTYPE_TWO_RRU and 4T4R,
the RRU respectively, the values of n must be 1 to 8.
where  If the CombMode and Antenna mode
antenna parameters are set to
port n is COMBTYPE_THREE_RRU and 4T4R,
located, respectively, the values of n must be 1 to 12.
Port No.
of
antenna
connector
n
MimoAdaptiv MimoAdaptiveParaCf MIMO User-defined template.
eParaCfg g adaptive
switch,
Fixed

Ltd.
MIMO Transmission
MO Parameter Group Paramete Remarks

Name r
MIMO
mode
SRSCfg SRSCfg Local cell User-defined template.
ID, SRS The switch used to enable SRS configuration
Configurat must be set based on site requirements. If OL
ion and DL MIMO adaptation is selected, this switch
Indicator must be turned on. Otherwise, there is no
particular requirement for the setting of this
switch.
CellDlschAlgo CellDlschAlgo Maximum User-defined template.
number of This parameter specifies the maximum number
MIMO of MIMO layers (that is, the maximum rank) for
layers DL MIMO. The default value is
SW_MAX_SM_RANK_2(Rank2). For 4x4
MIMO, set this parameter to
SW_MAX_SM_RANK_4(Rank4). For 4x2 and
2x2 MIMO, retain the default value.
----End

The configuration procedure is as follows:
[1]. Run the MOD SECTOR command with the ANTM parameter set to 2T2R, 2T4R, or 4T4R, as listed in
the following table.
Antenna MML Command

Mode
Example:
MOD SECTOR: SECN=0, SECM=NormalMIMO, ANTM=2T2R, COMBM=COMBTYPE_SINGLE_RRU, CN1=0,
SRN1=60, SN1=0, PN1=R0A, CN2=0, SRN2=60, SN2=0, PN2=R0B;
integrated Example:
RRUs
SRN1=60, SN1=0, PN1=R0A, CN2=0, SRN2=60, SN2=0, PN2=R0B, CN3=0, SRN3=60, SN3=0, PN3=R0C,
CN4=0, SRN4=60, SN4=0, PN4=R0D;
combined Example:
RRUs
SRN1=60, SN1=0, PN1=R0A, CN2=0, SRN2=60, SN2=0, PN2=R0B, CN3=0, SRN3=61, SN3=0, PN3=R0A,
CN4=0, SRN4=61, SN4=0, PN4=R0B;

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MIMO Transmission
Antenna MML Command

Mode
integrated Example:
RRUs
SRN1=60, SN1=0, PN1=R0A, CN2=0, SRN2=60, SN2=0, PN2=R0B, CN3=0, SRN3=60, SN3=0, PN3=R0C,
CN4=0, SRN4=60, SN4=0, PN4=R0D;
combined Example:
RRUs
SRN1=60, SN1=0, PN1=R0A, CN2=0, SRN2=60, SN2=0, PN2=R0B, CN3=0, SRN3=61, SN3=0, PN3=R0A,
CN4=0, SRN4=61, SN4=0, PN4=R0B;
Step 3 (Optional and applicable only to OL and CL MIMO adaptation) Run the MOD SRSCFG command
with the SrsCfgInd parameter set to BOOLEAN_TRUE(True) to turn on the switch used to
enable SRS configuration.
Example:
MOD SRSCFG: LocalCellId=0, SrsCfgInd=BOOLEAN_TRUE;
Step 4 Run the MOD MIMOADAPTIVEPARACFG command to configure an adaptive switching

scheme or a fixed MIMO transmission mode for the eNodeB.
Adaptive MML Command

Switching
Scheme/Fixed
MIMO
Transmission
Mode
OL and CL MIMO Run the MOD MIMOADAPTIVEPARACFG command with the
adaptation MimoAdaptiveSwitch parameter set to OC_ADAPTIVE(OC_ADAPTIVE).
Example:
MOD MIMOADAPTIVEPARACFG: MimoAdaptiveSwitch=OC_ADAPTIVE;
OL MIMO Run the MOD MIMOADAPTIVEPARACFG command with the

adaptation MimoAdaptiveSwitch parameter set to OL_ADAPTIVE(OL_ADAPTIVE).
Example:
MOD MIMOADAPTIVEPARACFG: MimoAdaptiveSwitch=OL_ADAPTIVE;
CL MIMO Run the MOD MIMOADAPTIVEPARACFG command with the

adaptation MimoAdaptiveSwitch parameter set to CL_ADAPTIVE(CL_ADAPTIVE).
Example:
MOD MIMOADAPTIVEPARACFG: MimoAdaptiveSwitch=CL_ADAPTIVE;
TM2 Run the MOD MIMOADAPTIVEPARACFG command with the

MimoAdaptiveSwitch and FixedMimoMode parameters set to
NO_ADAPTIVE(NO_ADAPTIVE) and TM2(TM2), respectively.
Example:

Ltd.
MIMO Transmission
Adaptive MML Command

Switching
Scheme/Fixed
MIMO
Transmission
Mode
MOD MIMOADAPTIVEPARACFG: MimoAdaptiveSwitch=NO_ADAPTIVE, FixedMimoMode=TM2;

Example:

Example:

Example:
Step 5 For 4x4 MIMO, run the MOD CELLDLSCHALGO command to configure the maximum number
of MIMO layers. For 4x2 and 2x2 MIMO, retain the default value.
Example:
MOD CELLDLSCHALGO: LocalCellId=0, MaxMimoRankPara=SW_MAX_SM_RANK_4;
----End

Observing Adaptive MIMO Transmission Mode
On the M2000, run the MML command LST MIMOADAPTIVEPARACFG to check the configuration of
adaptive MIMO.
 If MIMO adaptive switch is set to OL_ADAPTIVE, OL MIMO adaptation is activated. In OL MIMO
adaptation, the selection of MIMO transmission schemes depends on channel conditions. For example,
OL-TD applies to the low-SINR scenario and OL-SM applies to the high-SINR scenario with rich
scattering.
 If MIMO adaptive switch is set to CL_ADAPTIVE, CL MIMO adaptation is activated. In CL MIMO
adaptation, the selection of MIMO transmission schemes depends on channel conditions. For example,
CL-TD applies to the low-SINR scenario and CL-SM applies to the high-SINR scenario with rich
scattering.
 If MIMO adaptive switch is set to OC_ADAPTIVE, OL and CL MIMO adaptation is activated. In OL
and CL MIMO adaptation, the selection of MIMO transmission schemes depends on channel

Ltd.
MIMO Transmission
conditions. For example, CL MIMO applies to the low-speed UE scenario and OL MIMO applies to the
high-speed UE scenario.
Observing Fixed MIMO Transmission Modes
Observing TM2
[1]. Enable a UE to access the cell. Start Uu interface tracing on the M2000 client and check the
transmissionMode information element (IE) in the first RRC_CONN_SETUP message. If the value of
this IE is "tm2" and this IE is not contained in the subsequent RRC_CONN_RECFG messages, the
eNodeB has delivered the MIMO configuration successfully, as shown in the following Figure.
Figure 9-4 Message Explanation-33
Step 2 Perform downlink UDP packet injection on the Huawei UE under parallel networking, and use the
GENEX Probe tool to check downlink MIMO scheduling.
Step 3 TM2 has been activated if the eNodeB selects single-codeword scheduling under low channel
correlation and high downlink SINR, as shown in the following Figures (MS1 refers to the UE).
----End

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MIMO Transmission
Figure 9-5 LTE radio Parameters:MS1

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MIMO Transmission
Figure 9-6 MIMO:MS1
Observing TM3
Enable a UE to access the cell. Start Uu interface tracing on the M2000 client and check the
transmissionMode IE in the first RRC_CONN_RECFG message. If the value of this IE is "tm3" and this
IE is not contained in the subsequent RRC_CONN_RECFG messages, the eNodeB has delivered the
MIMO configuration successfully, as shown in following Figure.

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MIMO Transmission
Figure 9-7 Message explanation-70
Observing TM4
transmissionMode IE in the first RRC_CONN_RECFG message. If the value of this IE is "tm4" and this
IE is not contained in the subsequent RRC_CONN_RECFG messages, the eNodeB has delivered the
MIMO configuration successfully, as shown in following Figure.
transmissionMode IE in the RRC_CONN_SETUP message. If the value of this IE is "tm4", the eNodeB
has delivered the MIMO configuration successfully, as shown in the following Figures.

Ltd.
MIMO Transmission
Figure 9-8 Message explanation-97

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MIMO Transmission
Figure 9-9 RRC_CONN_SETUP_TM4
Observing TM6
[1]. Enable a UE to access the cell. Start Uu interface tracing on the M2000 client and check the
transmissionMode IE in the first RRC_CONN_RECFG message. If the value of this IE is "tm6" and
this IE is not contained in the subsequent RRC_CONN_RECFG messages, the eNodeB has
delivered the MIMO configuration successfully, as shown in the following figure.

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MIMO Transmission
Figure 9-10 Message Explanation-124
Step 2 Perform downlink UDP packet injection on the Huawei UE under parallel networking, and use the
GENEX Probe tool to check downlink MIMO scheduling.
Step 3 TM6 has been activated if the eNodeB selects single-codeword scheduling under low channel
correlation and high downlink SINR, as shown in the following figures.
----End

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MIMO Transmission
Figure 9-11 LTE radio Parameters:MS1

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MIMO Transmission
Figure 9-12 MIMO:MS1
Observing DL 4x4 MIMO

Step 1 Use UEs of category 5 that support 4-antenna reception and rank 4 to access a properly running
cell with a bandwidth of 20 MHz. Ensure parallel networking of RF channels between the UEs
and the eNodeB.
Step 2 Move the UEs to the cell center, and perform downlink UDP packet injection to enable the total
downlink rate to reach the maximum rate in the cell.
Step 3 Check whether the maximum (peak) rate is higher than 160 Mbit/s.
If the rate is higher than 160 Mbit/s, DL 4x4 MIMO is activated.
----End
N/A

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MIMO Transmission
9.5 Maintenance
LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO/LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO
After LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO/LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO is activated, you can monitor the
eNodeB performance in adaptive MIMO transmission mode through the following counters:
 L.ChMeas.MIMO.PRB.OL.Rank1 (Total number of used downlink PRBs in open-loop rank 1 mode)
 L.ChMeas.MIMO.PRB.OL.Rank2 (Total number of used downlink PRBs in open-loop rank 2 mode)
 L.ChMeas.MIMO.PRB.CL.Rank1 (Total number of used downlink PRBs in closed-loop rank 1 mode)
 L.ChMeas.MIMO.PRB.CL.Rank2 (Total number of used downlink PRBs in closed-loop rank 2 mode)
The counter values when the traffic in the network is in the normal state are described as follows:
 In OL MIMO adaptation, L.ChMeas.MIMO.PRB.OL.Rank1 and/or L.ChMeas.MIMO.PRB.OL.Rank2
are not 0 while L.ChMeas.MIMO.PRB.CL.Rank1 and L.ChMeas.MIMO.PRB.CL.Rank2 are 0.
 In CL MIMO adaptation, L.ChMeas.MIMO.PRB.CL.Rank1 and/or L.ChMeas.MIMO.PRB.CL.Rank2
are not 0 while L.ChMeas.MIMO.PRB.OL.Rank2 are 0.
 In OL and CL MIMO adaptation, L.ChMeas.MIMO.PRB.CL.Rank1, L.ChMeas.MIMO.PRB.CL.Rank2,
L.ChMeas.MIMO.PRB.OL.Rank1, and/or L.ChMeas.MIMO.PRB.OL.Rank2 are not 0.
When the correlation between channels is high or channel quality is poor because all UEs are CEUs, the value of
L.ChMeas.MIMO.PRB.OL.Rank2 or L.ChMeas.MIMO.PRB.CL.Rank2 may be small or even 0.
In OL and CL MIMO adaptation, if OL MIMO is favorable based on the channel condition, the values of counters related to
CL MIMO may be small or even 0. The similar phenomenon occurs under the opposite condition.

After LOFD-001060 DL 4x4 MIMO is activated, you can monitor the eNodeB performance in MIMO
adaptation mode through the following counters:
 L.ChMeas.MIMO.PRB.OL.Rank1 (Total number of used DL PRBs in open-loop rank 1 mode)
One or more of the values of the preceding counters is not 0 when traffic in the network is in the normal
state.
When the correlation between channels is high or channel quality is poor because all UEs are CEUs, the values of
L.ChMeas.MIMO.PRB.OL.Rank2, L.ChMeas.MIMO.PRB.OL.Rank3, and L.ChMeas.MIMO.PRB.OL.Rank4 may be small
or even 0.
In addition, you can measure the total downlink traffic volume at the PDCP layer (corresponding to the
counter L.Thrp.bits.DL) and total duration of downlink data transmission (corresponding to the counter
L.Thrp.Time.Cell.DL) for a cell when LOFD-001060 DL 4x4 MIMO is enabled and when LOFD-001001
DL 2x2 MIMO is enabled with other system configuration remaining unchanged. Then you can calculate
the downlink throughput. The throughput is higher when LOFD-001060 DL 4x4 MIMO is enabled than
that when LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO is enabled.

Ltd.
MIMO Transmission
When the correlation between channels is high, channel quality is poor or the correlation between four RX antennas is
high, the volume of data transmitted in rank 3 and rank 4 modes is small or even 0. In this case, LOFD-001060 DL 4x4
MIMO provides lower gains compared with LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO.

OL MIMO adaptation is recommended in most scenarios.
If system simulation or Beta tests based on the live network indicate that CL MIMO adaptation is also
beneficial, you can adjust the transmission mode. For details, see section "4.4.2 Adaptive MIMO
Transmission Mode."
Fault Description
In 2T2R, 2T4R, or 4T4R antenna mode, dual-codeword transmission fails under low channel correlation
and high SINR.
Fault Handling
Step 1 On the M2000 client, run the LST MIMOADAPTIVEPARACFG command. If TM2 or TM6 is
configured as the fixed MIMO transmission mode, change it to a fixed MIMO transmission mode
that supports two codewords based on the network plan.
Step 2 On the M2000 client, run the DSP LICENSE command to check whether the license control item
LLT1DMIMO01 or LLT1DMIMO02 is valid. If it is invalid, load a valid license file for this item.
Step 3 Check the UE category. If the UE category is 1, the UE does not support spatial multiplexing.
Replace the UE with the one of a higher category.
Step 4 If the maximum rank is 1, run the LST CELLDLSCHALGO command to check whether the
maximum number of MIMO layers is 1. If so, change it to SW_MAX_SM_RANK_2(Rank2) or
SW_MAX_SM_RANK_4(Rank4).
----End

Ltd.
eRAN
MIMO 10 Parameters
10 Parameters
Table 10-1 Parameter description
MO Parameter ID MML Command Feature ID Feature Description
Name
Sector ANTM ADD SECTOR LOFD-0010 RRU Meaning:Indicates the

38 Channel antenna mode of the sector.
MOD SECTOR Cross
LOFD-0010 Connection GUI Value Range:1T1R,
LST SECTOR 01 1T2R, 2T2R, 2T4R, 4T4R,
Under
8T8R
LOFD-0010 MIMO
03 DL 2x2 Unit:None
LOFD-0010 MIMO Actual Value Range:1T1R,
60 DL 4x2 1T2R, 2T2R, 2T4R, 4T4R,
MIMO 8T8R
DL 4x4 Default Value:None

MIMO
Sector CN1 ADD SECTOR LOFD-0010 DL 2x2 Meaning:Indicates the

01 MIMO cabinet number of the RRU
MOD SECTOR where the antenna port 1 is
LOFD-0010 DL 4x2 located.
LST SECTOR 03 MIMO
GUI Value Range:0~62
LOFD-0010 DL 4x4
60 MIMO Unit:None
Actual Value Range:0~62
Default Value:None
Sector COMBM ADD SECTOR LOFD-0010 RRU Meaning:Indicates the

38 Channel combination mode of the
MOD SECTOR Cross sector.
LOFD-0010 Connection
LST SECTOR 01 GUI Value
Under
Range:COMBTYPE_SINGL
LOFD-0010 MIMO E_RRU,
03 DL 2x2 COMBTYPE_TWO_RRU,
LOFD-0010 MIMO COMBTYPE_THREE_RRU,
60 COMBTYPE_FOUR_RRU,
DL 4x2 COMBTYPE_FIVE_RRU,
TDLOFD-0 MIMO COMBTYPE_SIX_RRU,
01075 DL 4x4 COMBTYPE_SEVEN_RRU,
MIMO COMBTYPE_EIGHT_RRU
SFN Unit:None
Actual Value
Range:COMBTYPE_SINGL
E_RRU,
COMBTYPE_TWO_RRU,

Ltd.
eRAN
MIMO 10 Parameters

Name
COMBTYPE_THREE_RRU,
COMBTYPE_FOUR_RRU,
COMBTYPE_FIVE_RRU,
COMBTYPE_SIX_RRU,
COMBTYPE_SEVEN_RRU,
COMBTYPE_EIGHT_RRU
Default
Value:COMBTYPE_SINGLE
_RRU
MimoAdaptive FixedMimoMo MOD LOFD-0010 DL 2x2 Meaning:Indicates the fixed

ParaCfg de MIMOADAPTIVEP 01 / MIMO MIMO transmission mode for
ARACFG TDLOFD-0 a multi-antenna eNodeB.
01001 DL 4x2 This parameter is valid only
LST MIMO when MimoAdaptiveSwitch is
MIMOADAPTIVEP LOFD-0010 set to NO_ADAPTIVE. There
ARACFG 03 / are four values.
TDLOFD-0
01003 TM2: Transmission mode 2 is
permanently applied to UEs.
TM3: Transmission mode 3 is
GUI Value Range:TM2(TM2),
TM3(TM3), TM4(TM4),
TM6(TM6)
Unit:None
Actual Value Range:TM2,
TM3, TM4, TM6
Default Value:TM3(TM3)
Cell LocalCellId ACT CELL None None Meaning:Indicates the local

ID of the cell. It uniquely
ADD CELL identifies a cell within a BS.
BLK CELL GUI Value Range:0~17
DEA CELL Unit:None
DSP CELL Actual Value Range:0~17
LST CELL Default Value:None
MOD CELL

Ltd.
eRAN
MIMO 10 Parameters

Name
RMV CELL
STR
CELLRFLOOPBA
CK
STR
CELLSELFTEST
UBL CELL
CellDlschAlgo MaxMimoRan MOD LOFD-0010 DL 2x2 Meaning:Indicates the

kPara CELLDLSCHALG 01 / MIMO maximum number of layers
O TDLOFD-0 (the rank) in the
01001 DL 4x2 implementation of
LST MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
CELLDLSCHALG LOFD-0010 (MIMO) in DL scheduling.
O 03 / DL 4X4
TDLOFD-0 MIMO GUI Value
01003 Range:SW_MAX_SM_RANK
_1(Rank1),
LOFD-0010 SW_MAX_SM_RANK_2(Ra
60 nk2),
SW_MAX_SM_RANK_4(Ra
nk4)
Unit:None
Actual Value
Range:SW_MAX_SM_RANK
_1, SW_MAX_SM_RANK_2,
SW_MAX_SM_RANK_4
Default
Value:SW_MAX_SM_RANK
_2(Rank2)
MimoAdaptive MimoAdaptive MOD LOFD-0010 DL 2x2 Meaning:Indicates the type

ParaCfg Switch MIMOADAPTIVEP 01 / MIMO of adaptive MIMO for a
ARACFG TDLOFD-0 multi-antenna eNodeB. The
01001 DL 4x2 values are described as
LST MIMO follows:
MIMOADAPTIVEP LOFD-0010
ARACFG 03 / NO_ADAPTIVE: A fixed
TDLOFD-0 MIMO transmission mode is
01003 used. That is, transition
between MIMO transmission
modes is not supported.
OL_ADAPTIVE: open-loop
adaptive MIMO transmission
mode. UEs report RANK and
CQI values but do not report
PMI values to the eNodeB.

Ltd.
eRAN
MIMO 10 Parameters

Name
CL_ADAPTIVE: closed-loop
adaptive MIMO transmission
mode. UEs report RANK,
CQI, and PMI values to the
eNodeB.
OC_ADAPTIVE: UEs switch
between the open-loop and
closed-loop adaptive MIMO
transmission modes
automatically.
GUI Value
Range:NO_ADAPTIVE(NO_
ADAPTIVE),
OL_ADAPTIVE(OL_ADAPTI
VE),
CL_ADAPTIVE(CL_ADAPTI
VE),
OC_ADAPTIVE(OC_ADAPT
IVE)
Unit:None
Actual Value
Range:NO_ADAPTIVE,
OL_ADAPTIVE,
CL_ADAPTIVE,
OC_ADAPTIVE
Default
Value:OL_ADAPTIVE(OL_A
DAPTIVE)
CellAlgoSwitch MrcIrcAdptSwi MOD None None Meaning:Indicates the switch

tch CELLALGOSWITC used to enable or disable
H MRC/IRC adaptation. MRC is
short for maximum ratio
LST combining, and IRC is short
CELLALGOSWITC for interference rejection
H combining.
GUI Value
Range:DISABLE(Disable),
ENABLE(Enable)
Unit:None
Actual Value
Range:DISABLE, ENABLE
Default
Value:ENABLE(Enable)

Ltd.
eRAN
MIMO 10 Parameters

Name
Sector PN1 ADD SECTOR LOFD-0010 DL 2x2 Meaning:Indicates the port

01 MIMO number of the antenna port
MOD SECTOR 1.
LOFD-0010 DL 4x2
LST SECTOR 03 MIMO GUI Value Range:R0A, R0B,
R0C, R0D, R0E, R0F, R0G,
LOFD-0010 DL 4x4 R0H, R1A, R1B, R2A, R2B,
60 MIMO R3A, R3B, R4A, R4B, R5A,
R5B, R6A, R6B, R7A, R7B
Unit:None
Actual Value Range:R0A,
R0B, R0C, R0D, R0E, R0F,
R0G, R0H, R1A, R1B, R2A,
R2B, R3A, R3B, R4A, R4B,
R5A, R5B, R6A, R6B, R7A,
R7B
Default Value:None
Sector SECM ADD SECTOR LOFD-0010 RRU Meaning:Indicates the

38 Channel multiple-input multiple-output
MOD SECTOR Cross (MIMO) mode of the sector,
LOFD-0010 Connection which can be normal MIMO
LST SECTOR 01 Under or mutual-aid MIMO.
LOFD-0010 MIMO
GUI Value
03 DL 2x2 Range:NormalMIMO(Normal
LOFD-0010 MIMO MIMO), AIDMIMO(mutual-aid
60 MIMO)
DL 4x2
MIMO Unit:None
DL 4x4 Actual Value
MIMO Range:NormalMIMO,
AIDMIMO
Default
Value:NormalMIMO(Normal
MIMO)
Sector SN1 ADD SECTOR LOFD-0010 DL 2x2 Meaning:Indicates the slot

01 MIMO number of the RRU where
MOD SECTOR the antenna port 1 is located.
LOFD-0010 DL 4x2
LST SECTOR 03 MIMO GUI Value Range:0~8
LOFD-0010 DL 4x4 Unit:None
60 MIMO
Actual Value Range:0~8
Default Value:None

Ltd.
eRAN
MIMO 10 Parameters

Name
Sector SRN1 ADD SECTOR LOFD-0010 DL 2x2 Meaning:Indicates the

01 MIMO subrack number of the RRU
MOD SECTOR where the antenna port 1 is
LOFD-0010 DL 4x2 located.
LST SECTOR 03 MIMO
GUI Value
LOFD-0010 DL 4x4 Range:4~5,60~254
60 MIMO
Unit:None
Actual Value
Range:4~5,60~254
Default Value:None
SRSCfg SrsCfgInd MOD SRSCFG LBFD-0010 3GPP R8 Meaning:Indicates whether a

01 / Specificatio cell has available SRS
LST SRSCFG TDLBFD-00 ns resources. If this parameter
1001 is set to BOOLEAN_TRUE,
Physical the cell has available SRS
LBFD-0020 Channel resources for its UEs. If this
03 / Manageme parameter is set to
TDLBFD-00 nt BOOLEAN_FALSE, the cell
2003 has no SRS resources for its
UEs. This parameter applies
only to cells established on
an LBBPd. If cells are
established on an LBBPc,
the cell has available SRS
resources for its UEs by
default.
GUI Value
Range:BOOLEAN_FALSE(F
alse),
BOOLEAN_TRUE(True)
Unit:None
Actual Value
Range:BOOLEAN_FALSE,
BOOLEAN_TRUE
Default
Value:BOOLEAN_TRUE(Tru
e)
CellAlgoSwitch UlSchSwitch MOD LBFD-0020 Basic Meaning:Indicates the

CELLALGOSWITC 25 / Scheduling switches related to uplink
H TDLBFD-00 (UL) scheduling in the cell.
2025 Enhanced The switches are used to
LST Scheduling enable or disable specific UL
CELLALGOSWITC LOFD-0010 scheduling functions.
15 / VoIP

Ltd.
eRAN
MIMO 10 Parameters

Name
H TDLOFD-0 Semi-persi SpsSchSwitch: Indicates
01015 stent whether to enable or disable
Scheduling semi-persistent scheduling
LOFD-0010 during talk spurts of VoIP
16 / UL 2x2 services. If this switch is
TDLOFD-0 MU-MIMO turned on, semi-persistent
01016 scheduling is applied. If this
UL 2x4
LOFD-0010 MU-MIMO switch is turned off, dynamic
02 / scheduling is applied.
LOFD-0010 TTI
02 Bundling SinrAdjustSwitch: Indicates
whether to adjust the
LOFD-0010 800M measured SINR based on
58 / Self-interfe ACK/NACK messages in a
LOFD-0010 rence UL HARQ process.
58 Cancellatio
n PreAllocationSwitch:
LOFD-0010 Indicates whether to enable
48 / or disable preallocation,
TDLOFD-0 which shortens end-to-end
01048 service delays when the UL
load is light. Preallocation
LOFD-0010 reduces the probability of
67 UEs entering DRX and
therefore shortens the
service time of the UEs.
UlVmimoSwitch: Indicates
whether to enable or disable
UL MU-MIMO. If UL
MU-MIMO is enabled, the
eNodeB selects UEs for
pairing according to pairing
rules. Then, the pair of UEs
transmits data using the
same frequency-time
resources, increasing system
throughput and spectral
efficiency.
TtiBundlingSwitch: Indicates
TTI bundling. If TTI bundling
is enabled, more
transmission opportunities
are available to UEs within
the delay budget for VoIP
services on the air interface,
thereby improving uplink
coverage.
ImIcSwitch: Indicates
intermodulation (IM)

Ltd.
eRAN
MIMO 10 Parameters

Name
component elimination for
UEs. When data is
transmitted in both UL and
DL, two IM components are
generated symmetrically
beside the Direct Current
(DC) subcarrier on the DL
receive channel due to
interference from UL radio
signals. If this switch is
turned on, IM component
elimination is performed on
UEs. If this switch is turned
off, IM component elimination
is not performed on UEs.
This switch applies only to
FDD cells working in band
20.
GUI Value
Range:SpsSchSwitch(SpsSc
hSwitch),
SinrAdjustSwitch(SinrAdjust
Switch),
PreAllocationSwitch(PreAlloc
ationSwitch),
UlVmimoSwitch(UlVmimoSw
itch),
TtiBundlingSwitch(TtiBundlin
gSwitch),
ImIcSwitch(ImIcSwitch)
Unit:None
Actual Value
Range:SpsSchSwitch,
SinrAdjustSwitch,
PreAllocationSwitch,
UlVmimoSwitch,
TtiBundlingSwitch,
ImIcSwitch
Default
Value:SpsSchSwitch:Off,
SinrAdjustSwitch:On,
PreAllocationSwitch:On,
UlVmimoSwitch:Off,
TtiBundlingSwitch:Off,
ImIcSwitch:Off

Ltd.
eRAN
MIMO 11 Counters
11 Counters
Table 11-1 Counter description
Counter ID Counter Name Counter Feature ID Feature Name
Description
1526727391 L.ChMeas.MIMO.PRB.CL.Rank1 Total number of LBFD-002025 Basic Scheduling

used downlink
PRBs in TDLBFD-002025 Basic Scheduling
closed-loop rank LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO
1 mode
LOFD-001060 DL 4X4 MIMO

used downlink
closed-loop rank LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO
2 mode
1526727393 L.ChMeas.MIMO.PRB.OL.Rank1 Total number of LBFD-002025 Basic Scheduling

used downlink
open-loop rank 1 LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO
mode

used downlink
open-loop rank 2 LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO
mode

used downlink
closed-loop rank LOFD-001060 DL 4X4 MIMO
3 mode

used downlink
closed-loop rank LOFD-001060 DL 4X4 MIMO
4 mode

Ltd.
eRAN
MIMO 11 Counters
Counter ID Counter Name Counter Feature ID Feature Name

Description

used downlink
open-loop rank 3 LOFD-001060 DL 4X4 MIMO
mode

used downlink
open-loop rank 4 LOFD-001060 DL 4X4 MIMO
mode

Ltd.
eRAN
MIMO 12 Glossary
12 Glossary
For the acronyms, abbreviations, terms, and definitions, see Glossary.

Ltd.
eRAN
MIMO 13 Reference Documents
13 Reference Documents
[1]. 3GPP TS 36.211, "Physical channels and modulation"
[2]. 3GPP TS 36.213, "Physical layer procedures"
[3]. 3GPP TS 36.306, "User Equipment (UE) radio access capabilities"
[4]. eNodeB MO Reference
[5]. eNodeB Initial Configuration Guide

Ltd.

MIMO (eRAN3.0 - 06)

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Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

3 Multiple-Antenna Reception ..................................................................................................3-1

4 Multiple-Antenna Transmission ............................................................................................4-1

5 Related Features .......................................................................................................................5-1

06 (2013-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ii

5.7 Features Related to LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO........................................................................ 5-3

7 Engineering Guidelines on Multiple-Antenna RX Diversity ..........................................7-1

8 Engineering Guidelines on MU-MIMO .................................................................................8-1

06 (2013-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iii

8.5.2 Parameter Optimization ........................................................................................................ 8-4

9 Engineering Guidelines on Multiple-Antenna Transmission ........................................9-1

06 (2013-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iv

1 About This Document

1.2 Intended Audience

1.3 Change History

06 (2013-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1-1

Change Type Change Description Parameter Change

Change Type Change Description Parameter Change

Change Type Change Description Parameter Change

Change Type Change Description Parameter Change

06 (2013-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1-2

Change Type Change Description Parameter Change

Change Type Change Description Parameter Change

Change Type Change Description Parameter Change

06 (2013-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1-3

Change Type Change Description Parameter Change

Change Type Change Description Parameter Change

06 (2013-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1-4

Spatial Multiplexing Gain

06 (2013-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 2-1

2.3 Classifications of MIMO Techniques

Downlink MIMO Techniques

06 (2013-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 2-2

Uplink MIMO Techniques

2.4 Mapping Between MIMO Features and Schemes

06 (2013-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 2-3

3.2.1 Principles of RX Diversity

06 (2013-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 3-1

3.2.2 Signal Combining in Receive Diversity

06 (2013-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 3-2

06 (2013-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 3-3

Figure 3-2 Principles of the MMSE receiver

06 (2013-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 3-4

06 (2013-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 3-5

3.3.1 Principles of MU-MIMO

06 (2013-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 3-6

3.3.2 Signal Combining in MU-MIMO

3.3.3 UE Pairing in MU-MIMO

3.4 Adaptive MIMO Scheme Switching

06 (2013-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 3-7

06 (2013-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 4-1

Transmission Mode Protocol-defined MIMO Description

4.2 Transmit Diversity

4.2.1 Open-Loop Transmit Diversity

06 (2013-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 4-2

Figure 4-1 SFBC

06 (2013-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 4-3

4.2.2 Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity

4.3 Spatial Multiplexing

4.3.1 Principles of Spatial Multiplexing