Gas: a state of matter in which - Liter

particles are freely moving and 1000mL = 1L

widely apart 1mL = 1cc = 1cm3
- Compressible and has an 1L = 1000mL = 1000cc = 1000cm3
undefined shape and volume
- There are 11 elements in the Pressure (P) - forced exerted by
periodic table of elements that gas per unit area
are in gaseous state P = F/A
Diatomic: H2, O2, F2, Cl2 - Atmosphere (Atm)
Noble Gases: He, Ne, Kr, Ar, Xe, Ra 1 atm = 760mmHg = 760 torr =
Mixture of Gases: 1.01325 bar
Air - a mixture mostly made up of Barometer: measures atmospheric
oxygen and nitrogen pressure
Natural gas: flammable and Manometer: measures gas
comes from ground, used as fuel pressure
Oxygen - produced through
photosynthesis, used in Temperature: depends on the
propulsion of space shuttle in kinetic energy of gas
combination with H - higher kinetic energy, higher
CO2 - used in fizzy drinks and fire temperature, gas expands
extinguishers - Kelvin (K - Lord Kelvin) or
Nitrogen: used in fertilizers and Absolute
explosives
Water vapor: evaporated form of C to K = +273.15
water, in cloud form Tc= 0.56 (Tf-32)
Helium: light gas Tc= 5/9 (Tf-32)
Argon: used in electric bulbs, a
small amount of it is found in air Amount of moles
- depends upon the mass
Properties of Gas -n
1. Can completely fill up containers - mole
2. Diffuses rapidly - n = mass of gas/ molar mass
3. Compressible (inc P), - n = m/M
expandable (dec P)
4. Very light (depends on T and P) Kinetic Molecular Theory
D= 0.0012g/cc 1. Compressible and low density
5. Has mass and can be measured due to tiny particles that are
6. Applies constant pressure on apart
the walls of the container 2. Travels at a straight motion but
random direction
Measurable Properties: 3. Diffuses rapidly
Volume(V) - space occupied by gas
4. Forces between particles are
negligible(Van der Waals Forces)
5. Particles collide with each other
(Energy is conserved in elastic
collision)
6. Same average KE at a given
Temperature
Travels over 1,600 km/hr
Translational motion: molecules
can move from one place to
another in the same or different
direction but always remain on the
same axis.
1. Boyle’s Law - Robert Boyle
- describes the behavior of gas
held at constant temperature
- gas’ pressure and volume are
inversely proportional
- when volume increases, pressure
decreases and vice versa
Formula: P1V1 = P2V2
Applications:
1. Inhalation: thoracic cavity
expands, increasing the volume
and decreasing the pressure
2. Exhalation: thoracic cavity
decreases on volume, increasing
pressure and pushing the air out
3. Deep sea fishes: they die when
brought to the surface due to
decrease in pressure that
increases the volume of gasses in
their bodies
4. Syringe Plunger: pressing down
to draw out the fluid causes the
volume to decrease and the
pressure to increase
5. Pumping a bicycle tire: pushing
the pump will cause the volume of
the stored air to decrease and the
pressure to increase, causing the
air to be pumped into the tire
2. Charles’ Law - Jacques Charles
- the volume of a gas is directly
proportional to the temperature
at constant pressure
- higher volume, higher
temperature
Formula: V1/T1 = V2/T2
Applications:
1. Baking bread: yeast releases
carbon dioxide bubbles, these
bubbles expand further with high
temperature
2. Hot air balloon: When heated,
the gas inside the balloon moves
faster and takes up more space,
becoming less dense than the air
surrounding it. This causes the
balloon to float
3. Gay-Lussac’s Law - Joseph
Louis Gay-Lussac
- pressure exerted by a gas is
directly proportional with the
temperature when the volume is
kept constant
- higher pressure, higher
temperature
Formula: P1/T1 = P2/T2
Applications:
1. Pressure cooker: steam is
periodically released to maintain
pressure and temperature and to
avoid the high pressure from
rupturing the cooker
4. Avogadro’s Law - Amedeo
Avogadro
- Under the same conditions of
pressure and temperature, equal
volumes of gasses contain an
equal number of molecules
Formula: V1/n1 = V2/n2

Applications:
1. When blowing up a balloon, you
are adding molecules of gas into
it. The volume of the balloon
increases while you decrease the
number of molecules in your lungs
which increase their volume.

5. Ideal Gas Law

- the product of pressure and the
volume of one gram molecule of
an ideal gas is equal to the
product of the absolute
temperature of the gas and the
universal gas constant
Formula: PV=nRT