Wachemo University

Department of Hydraulic & Water Resources Engineering

MODEL QUESTIONS

Irrigation engineering
1) Which one the following is the not advantage of irrigation
A) It improves the yield of crops and makes people prosperous

B) It lowers the temperature and makes the locality to damp

C) To facilitate domestic water supply for the community

D) To enhance wealth of the country by adding the revenue

2) Which of the following is the portion of available water that used only for crop
growth by extracting the water through root zone and found before the next
irrigation
A) Allowed moisture deficit C) Total available water
B) Readily available water D) Soil moisture deficit
3) The entire volume of water needed to raise a successful crop in a specific time
period and taking into account all water loss is:
A) Gross irrigation water C) Crop water requirement
B) Consumptive irrigation requirement D) Field irrigation requirement
4) Which classification of the canal has a direct irrigation doesn’t take place
A) Secondary canal B) Tertiary canal C) Field canal D) Branched canal
5) Which of the following is not criteria for the selection of various irrigation
method
A) Previous experience C) Crop types and labor input
B) Water quality D) None
6) Which of the following is the major processes involved in the development of
Salinity in irrigated areas
A) Poor drainage B) Seepage loss C) Poor management practice D)
All
7) A irrigation system by which water is applied above the ground in the form of
sprays somewhat resembling rainfall:

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 Wachemo University
Department of Hydraulic & Water Resources Engineering
MODEL QUESTIONS

A) Furrow irrigation C) Sprinkler irrigation

B) Trickle irrigation D) Border irrigation

8) Which one of the following canal is aligned nearly parallel to natural drainage
A) Side slope canal B) Contour canal C) Ridge canal D) Watershed canal
9) Which of the following is true about advantages of the drip irrigation
A) Suited for high value crops
B) Suited for marginal soil like sand and desert soil
C) Applicable in high salt concentrated soil
D) All of above
10) One of the following can less likely be the goal of irrigation development in
Ethiopia
A) To increase production and supply of food crops both quantitatively and

qualitatively so that the population will be fed adequately.

B) To improve the quality of life of rural population through the generation of

higher incomes and reduction of poverty.

C) To increase and diversify the production of raw materials for industry and to

promote linkage with the industrial sector

D) None

11) According to Ethiopian standard, an irrigation project is said to be large scale if

the total command area is:
A) Greater than 200ha C) Greater than 3000 ha
B) Greater than 2000 ha D) Greater than 300 ha
12) Upon the results of the various master plan study, which of the following river
basin of Ethiopia is considered to have high irrigation potential?
A) Awash C) Omo-Gibe
B) Genale-Dawa D) Wabesheble

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 Wachemo University
Department of Hydraulic & Water Resources Engineering
MODEL QUESTIONS

13) Despite the ambition plan of the Ethiopian government to expand the irrigation
sector in the country, the development of this sector facing many challenges and
of which the major one is:
A) Insufficient number of skilled manpower C) Lack of finance
B) Lack of hydrological data D) Lack of detail mapping
data
14) What is the field irrigation requirement (FIR)?
A) Amount of water required to meet the field irrigation requirements plus
water lost in conveyance through the canal system
B) The water required to meet the evaporation needs of a crop
C) Amount of water required to delivered at the field to meet evapotranspiration
and leaching needs
D) Amount of water required to meet the net irrigation requirements plus water
lost due to surface runoff and percolation
15) Which of the following is a remedial measure for water-logging?
A) By lowering the F.S.L of the canals
B) Quick disposal of rainwater
C) Installation of lift irrigation systems
D) Controlling seepage from the canals
16) A 10-hectare field is to be irrigated with a sprinkler system. The root zone depth
is 1.0m and the field capacity of the soil is 24% while the permanent wilting point
is 15% by weight. The soil bulk density is 1.5 gm/cm3 and the water application
efficiency is 70%. The soil is to be irrigated when 60% of the available water has
depleted. The peak evapotranspiration is 5.0mm/day and the system is to be run
for 10 hours in a day. What is the net irrigation depth required?
A) 81 mm B) 78.5 mm C) 67.5 mm D) 35 mm
17) In question number 17, the gross depth of irrigation required is:
A) 50 mm B) 96.4 mm C) 100 mmm D) 112.1 mm

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 Wachemo University
Department of Hydraulic & Water Resources Engineering
MODEL QUESTIONS

18) In question number 17, the area to be irrigated per day is:
A) 2 ha/day B) 4ha/day C) 1ha/day D) 3ha/day
19) In question number 17, the required system capacity is:
A) 0.79 m3/s B) 1 m3/s C) 0.85 m3/s D) 0.63m3/s
20) Which of the following is the quality of a good irrigation method?
A) Leached Fertilizers C) Drainage Troubles
B) Increased Yield D) Soil Erosion
21) Identify the wrong statement about the characteristics of surface irrigation.
A) The most extensively used method worldwide
B) Water application is directly on the soil surface
C) The water use efficiency is very low
D) Energy costs and labor requirements are substantially lower
22) Which of the following is different from the others
A) Culvert B) Aqueduct C) Turnout D) Flume
23) The types of irrigation system which is not favored due to its sensitivity to wind
is:
A) Drip irrigation C) Basin irrigation
B) Sprinkler Irrigation D) Trickle irrigation
24) The number of days between two successive irrigation applications is:
A) Irrigation depth C) Irrigation period
B) Irrigation interval D) Irrigation efficiency
25) Which of the following is the soil water content where gravity drainage becomes
negligible:
A) Permanent wilting point C) Saturation capacity
B) Field capacity D) Soil capacity
26) Which of the following is a time period between first watering and last watering
of a crop:
A) Crop period B) Base period C) Growing period D) All of above

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 Wachemo University
Department of Hydraulic & Water Resources Engineering
MODEL QUESTIONS

27) A buried pipes which are used to carry irrigation water underneath roadways or
drainage canals and may or may not have a free water surface is:
A) Flume B) Culvert C) Turnout D) Aqueduct
28) A types of irrigation system in which the application of water to an area typically
leveled to zero slope and surrounded by dikes or checks to prevent runoff is:
A) Basin irrigation C) Border irrigation
B) Furrow irrigation D) Check flooding irrigation
29) A form of irrigation where the soil surface is used as a conduit:
A) Pressurized irrigation C) Gravity irrigation
B) Surface irrigation D) Subsurface irrigation
30) Which of the following irrigation system has high project efficiency relative to
the others:
A) Sprinkler irrigation C) Furrow irrigation
B) Drip irrigation D) Basin irrigation
31) The time elapsed between the arrival of the water at the tail end and the stopping
of the inflow at the top end in the surface irrigation phases is:
A) Advance phase C) Recession phase
B) Depletion phase D) Storage phase
32) Which of the following is good surface irrigation practice calls for efficient water
management to be achieved through:
A) Distributing water evenly in the soil
B) Providing adequate water to the crops (not too much or too little)
C) Avoiding salinity and providing adequate drainage system
D) All of above
33) Which of the following is not true about border irrigation
A) Operational system is simple and easy
B) Streams ranging from moderate to large sizes can be handled efficiently
C) Natural drainage is facilitated through downward slope

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 Wachemo University
Department of Hydraulic & Water Resources Engineering
MODEL QUESTIONS

D) Suitable for sandy soil and ponding required crops

34) Which of the following is true about furrow irrigation system
A) It handle both high and low discharge
B) Mostly suitable for row crops and moderate intake soil
C) It’s very effective in areas requiring surface drainage
D) All of above
35) Which of the following is not component of sprinkler irrigation
A) Riser pipe B) Emitter C) Nozzle D) lateral pipe
36) Which of the following irrigation system effectively applied fertilizer to the crop
with irrigation water simultaneously during water application time:
A) Drip system B) Border system C) Sprinkler system D) Furrow
system
37) The conventional sprinkler system in which all system components can be
moved periodically from one field to other including pumping unit:
A) Solid-set system C) Permanent system
B) Semi-portable system D) Portable system
38) A sprinkler system which has high capacity sprinkler fed with water through a
flexible hose; mounted on self-propelled chassis and travels along a straight line
while watering:
A) Lateral move system C) Center pivot system
B) Big gun system D) Side-roll system
39) What problems may arise in using the water of medium to high content of
sodium ions?
A) Soil become less permeable
B) It starts crusting when dry and becomes plastic and sticky when wet
C) Its pH increase toward that of alkaline soil
D) All of above

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 Wachemo University
Department of Hydraulic & Water Resources Engineering
MODEL QUESTIONS

40) Among the following, which soil properties does not considered for evaluating
soil suitability for agricultural practices?
A) Soil depth and drainage C) Soil salinity and reaction
B) Soil permeability and hydraulic conductivity D) None of above
41) A portion of soil moisture ranges that the amount of water required to bring the
soil moisture back to the field capacity is:
A) Soil moisture deficit C) Total available water
B) Management allowed deficit D) Readily available water
42) Which of the following factor doesn’t affect the rate of infiltration of irrigation
water:
A) Duration and intensity of irrigation C) Condition and characteristic of
soil
B) Tillage and crop management practice D) None
43) Flow irrigation involves construction of:
A) Dam C) Weir and barrage
B) Canal system D) All of above
44) For irrigation purposes, the pH value of water should be:
A) 3 to 6 B) 6 to 8 C) 8 to 11 D) More than 11
45) What is water distribution efficiency, if the depth of penetration along the length
of border strip at an interval of 20m are 1.5m, 1.8m and 2.1m respectively:
A) 66.67% B) 83.33% C) 88.89% D) 97.67%
46) What is the variation in duty of water from the head of a Main canal (M) to that
in the field (F)?
A) Duty of water at M is always greater than duty of water at F
B) Duty of water at M is always less than duty of water at F
C) Duty of water at M is always equal duty of water at F
D) Duty of water at M can be greater or less than duty of water at F
47) For standing crops in undulating sandy fields, the best methods of irrigation is:

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 Wachemo University
Department of Hydraulic & Water Resources Engineering
MODEL QUESTIONS

A) Sprinkler irrigation C) Furrow irrigation

B) Free flooding irrigation D) Check flooding irrigation
48) Effective precipitation for a crop may be expressed as:
A) Total precipitation minus the loss due to evaporation
B) Total precipitation minus the loss due to infiltration
C) Total precipitation during the crop period
D) Available water stored within root zone of the crop
49) Useful soil water for plant growth is:
A) Capillary water C) Hygroscopic water
B) Gravitation water D) Chemical water
50) Which of the following type of method is adopted for research studies on crops?
A) Lysimeter Method C) Phytometer Method
B) Drip Irrigation Method D) Furrow Irrigation Method

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