HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE

QUESTIONS

Unit: 1. HYDROLOGY
1 If the average rainfall in a drainage basin is 7 cm, and the point rainfall is 8.4 cm, then
the areal dispersion factor for the rain storm, is:
a) 1.4 b) 1.2
c) 0.83 d) none of them.
2 The areal spread of a rainfall is indicated by:
a) rain density b) distribution coefficient
c) compactness coefficient d) drainage density
3 The circulation of water from the earth’s surface to the atmosphere, and vice versa, is
called:
a) hydrologic cycle b) runoff cycle
c) precipitation cycle d) all of the above.
4 The theory of infiltration capacity was evolved by:
a) W.W.Horner b) L.K. Sherman
c) M. Bernard d) R.E. Horton
5 Infiltration rate of rain water into sub-surface:
a) decreases both with time and with initial moisture content
b) remains constant with time and moisture content
c) Decreases with time but increases with moisture content.
6 The constant value attained by the infiltration capacity, after the soil profile gets
saturated, depends on:
a) permeability of soil b) infiltration rate
c) Rainfall intensity d) none of them.
7 Which of the following has the highest infiltration capacity:
a) forest land b) rock outcrop
c) concrete pavement d) grazed pasture
8 Under identical conditions, if the infiltration capacity measured by a double ring
infiltration meter is fd, and that measured by a rain simulatorfs then
a) fd>fs b) fd<fs
c) fd = fs d) all of the above.
9 If the intensity of rainfall is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, then the
infiltration rate will be:
a) equal to the rate of rainfall b) equal to the infiltration capacity
c) more than the infiltration capacity
d) has no relation either with the rainfall intensity or the infiltration capacity.
10 Infiltration rate is always:
a) more than the infiltration capacity b) less than the infiltration capacity
c) equal to or less than the infiltration capacity
d) equal to or more than the infiltration capacity.
11 Infiltration capacity:
a) is a constant factor b) changes with time
c) changes with location d) changes both with time as well as location.
12 Infiltration is the:
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

a) movement of water through the soilb) absorption of water by soil surface

c) both (a) and (b) above d) none of the above.
13 The depth of water required to bring the soil moisture content of a given soil up to its
field capacity, is called:
a) hygroscopic water b) equivalent moisture
c) soil moisture deficiency d) pellicular water.
14 The formula, which has a wide general utility in evapotranspiration computations, and
is based on sound theoretical reasoning, is:
a) Christantian equation b) Penman’s equation
c) Blaneycriddle equation d) Manning’s equation.
15 Indicate the incorrect statement:
a) Potential evapotranspiration (Et) is the same as the consumptive use (Cu) for an
irrigated crop
b) Interception losses consist of only evaporation losses from the objects intercepted by
the rainfall
c) Rajkot city in Gujarat has the maximum annual evapotranspiration of about 2100
mm, amongst the Indian cities
d) none of them.
16 Point out the correct statement:
a) Potential evapotranspiration (Et) critically depends upon the soil and type of
vegetation covering the area.
b) Potential evapotranspiration (Et) critically depends upon the climatic
conditions of the area.
c)Actual evapotranspiration must critically depends upon the climatic conditions of the
area.
d) the ratio of potential evapotranspiration (Et) is always greater than the lake
evaporation.
17 Transpiration ratio of a crop increases, when:
a) the water required by the crop is more b) the water required by the crop is less
c) the harvesting period is more d) the harvesting period is less.
18 Transpiration is measured by an instrument, called:
a) lysimeter b) anemometer
c) phytometer d) atmometer.
19 Lysmeter is used to measure :
a) evaporation b) evapotranspiration
c) transpiration d) infiltration
20 The evaporation from plants and from the surrounding soils together, is known as:
a) vaporisation b) transpiration
c) evaportranspiration d) hydration.
21 The chemical compound, which is generally used to reduce the evaporation from a
water body, is
a) DDT b) Alum
c) Acetyal alcohol d) Potassium dichromate.
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

22 The average daily evaporation loss from a reservoir of 20 km2 area, having the lake
evaporation of 15 cm per month, would be:
a) 104 m3 b) 105 m3
c) 106 m3 d) 1.2 * 10 6 m3
23 Which of the following has the largest pan coefficient?
a) class A pan b) floating pan
b) I.S.I standard pan d) sunken pan
24 The Indian Standard pan evaporimeter:
a) is the same as the U.S. class A evaporation pan
b) has a pan coefficient about 14% more than that of U.S. class A pan
c) has a pan coefficient about 14% less than that of U.S. class A pan
d) is a sunken pan.
25 The average pan coefficient for the standard U.S. class A pan is:
a) 0.50 b) 0.70
c) 0.80 d) 0.90.
26 Other factors remaining the same, the evaporation from a deep lake, compared to a
shallow lake, will be:
a) less b) more
c) equal d) less or more, depending on summer or winter season, respectively.
27 Pinpoint the incorrect statement:
a) evaporation is a cooling process
b) other factors remaining the same, an increase in atmospheric vapour pressure over a
water surface, decreases evaporation.
c) when a solute is dissolved in water, there is an increase in the rate of
evaporation
d) seasonal evaporation rates depend upon the size of the water bodies.
28 Saline water, as compared to the fresh water, under the same conditions, will give rise
to:
a) more evaporation b) less evaporation
c) equal evaporation
d) more or less evaporation, depending upon the other characteristics of water.
29 Evaporation is measured by:
a) an evaporation Pan b) an anemometer
c) alysimeter d) none of them.
30 If ew is the saturation vapour pressure at temperature of water, and ea is the actual
vapour pressure of atmosphere above the water surface, then the Delton’s law may be
expressed by:
a) E = K (ew + ea) b) E = K (ew – ea)
c) E = K (ew/ea) d) E = K (ew . ea)
31 According to Delton’s law, under given condition, the evaporation is proportional to
a) the vapour pressure deficit at the surface of the water body at water
temperature b) the difference between saturation vapour pressure at 100C and the
actual vapour pressure
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QUESTIONS

c) the difference between the actual vapour pressure and the saturation vapour pressure
at 0C
d) none of the above.
32 If the vapour pressure of air just above a water body is equal to the saturation vapour
pressure of air at water temperature, then :
a) only evaporation will occur b) only condensation will occur
c) neither evaporation nor condensation will occur
d) both evaporation and condensation will occur.
33 The hydrologic happenings from the time a heavy rainfall occurs, and up to the time the
movement of the fallen rain water is completed, is called:
a) hydrologic cycle b) runoff cycle
c) precipitation cycle d) all of the above.
34 The rain which falls near end of a storm at a rate less than the infiltration capacity of
the soil, is called:
a) effective rainfall b) rainfall excess
c) residual rain d) rainfall interception.
35 A snow density of 0.1 may be considered for:
a) fresh powder snow b) snow pack of the past 24 hr. or so
c) snow pack of the entire snow season d) snow packed in glaciers.
36 In which of the following, the snow density would be minimum?
a) fresh powder snow b) virgin snow
c) coarse snow d) glacier snow.
37 Which type of snow pack will have the maximum snow density?
a) freshly falling snow on ground b) snow pack of the last 24 hours
c) snow packed in glaciers d) none of the above.
38 The DAD analysis for a catchment would indicate that:
a) for a given area, the maximum average depth of rainfall increases with increase
in storm duration
b) for a given area, the maximum average depth of rainfall decreases with increase in
storm duration
c) for a given duration storm, the maximum average depth of rainfall increases with
increase in the area
d) the maximum average depth of rainfall has no relation with either the duration of the
area.
39 Through DAD analysis, the maximum average depth of rainfall over 100 km2 area
caused by a 1 day storm is found to be 18 cm. For the same duration storm, the
maximum average depth caused on 5000 km2 area will be:
a) more than 18 cm b) less than 18 cm
c) equal to 18 cm d) more or less than 18 cm, depending upon the type of rainfall.
37 For a storm of a given duration, the average depth of rainfall over an area :
a) increases with the area b) decreases linearly with the area
c) has no relation with the area d) decreases exponentially with the area.
38 The areal characteristics of a rain storm are represented by a :
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

a) DAD curve b) Hyetograph

c) Mass curve d) Double mass curve.
39 A plot between rainfall intensity versus time is called :
a) Hydrograph b) Mass curve
c) Hyetograph d) Isohyet.
40 A 3000 sq-km catchment is located in a plain terrain. The rain gauge network density is
low. For calculating mean rainfall over this catchment, the most suitable method is
a) arithmetic mean method b) Thiessen polygon method
c) isohyetal method d) geometrical mean method.
41 A catchment is located in a hilly and rugged area. The area of the catchment is about
8000 sq km. The method of calculating the mean rainfall over this catchment would
preferably be :
a) arithmetic mean method b) Thiessen polygon method
c) isohyetal method d) geometrical mean method.
42 The rainfall mass curse shows the variations of:
a) rainfall intensity with time b) rainfall intensity with cumulative rainfall
c) Cumulative rainfall with time d) rainfall excess with time.
43 A rainfall hyetograph is a graph between:
a) cumulative rainfall and time b) rainfall intensity and time
c) rainfall depth and area d) rainfall intensity and cumulative rainfall.
44 Double mass curve technique is followed:
a) to check the consistency of rain gauge record
b) to find the average rainfall over a number of years
c) to find the number of rain gauges required
d) to estimate the missing precipitation value.
45 Variability of annual rainfall in India is :
a) the largest in the regions of high rainfall
b) the least in the regions of scanty rainfall
c) the least in the regions of high rainfall
d) uniform all across the country.
46 The average annual rainfall over the whole of India is estimated as :
a) 51 cm b) 119 cm
c) 143 cm d) 167 cm.
47 The highest rain gauge density has been adopted in :
a) India b) USA
c) U.K. d) Israel.
48 A line joining places of equal rainfall, is called a
a) hyetograph b) isobar
c) isotherm d) isohyet.
49 The most accurate method for estimating mean rainfall over a catchment is:
a) arithmetic mean method b) Thiessen’s polygon method
c) isohyetal method d) unit hydrograph method.
50 How many additional gauges are required in a catchment, if the error allowed in
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

estimation of mean rainfall is toreduced by half than the present one?

a) equal to its present number b) twice of its present number
c) three times that of its present number d) four times that of its present number.
51 If at present, we are having only 2 rain gauge stations in a catchment, having 60 cm and
80 cm av. Annual rainfall values, respectively, how many additional stations would you
recommended for limiting the error in mean rainfall estimation to 10% :
a) 2 b) 4
c) 6 d) 8.
52 If absolutely no error is allowed in the measurement of mean rainfall in a catchment,
the optimum number of rain gauge stations required, would be:
a) zero b) infinite
c) any value d) none of the above.
53 The average annual rainfall at stations A, B and C are 160, 180, and 200 cm
respectively. In 1990, the station B become inoperative, and statins A and C recorded
annual rainfall of 170 and 180 cm, respectively. The annual rainfall of station B for
1990, would then be estimated as:
a) 175 cm b) 176.6 cm
c) 178.6 cm d) 180 cm.
54 The average annual rainfall at stations A, B and C are 170, 180, 190 cm, respectively.
In 1990, the station B become inoperative, and statins A and C recorded annual rainfall
of 170 and 180 cm, respectively. The annual rainfall of station B for 1990, would then
be estimated as :
a) 175 cm b) 176 cm
c) 182.2 cm d) 180 cm.
55 The minimum percentage of recording gauges in a total network of rain gauges, as
recommended by Indian Standards, is :
a) 10 % b) 20 %
c) 50 % c) 90 %.
56 Mass curve of precipitation is produced by a rain gauge of :
a) symon’s type b) tipping bucket type
c) storage type d) natural syphon type.
57 You are asked to install rain gauges in areas, which become inaccessible during rainy
season. Which type of gauges would you recommend?
a) symon’s type b) syphon type
c) tipping bucket type d) weighing bucket type.
58 Telematic rain gauges are of the type:
a) weighing type b) tipping bucket type
c) syphon type d) none of these.
59 Automatic rain gauges, widely used in India, are of the type:
a) weighing type b) tipping bucket type
c) floating or syphoning type d) none of these.
60 The standard rain gauge, widely used in India, is a:
a) recording rain gauge b) non-recording rain gauge
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QUESTIONS

c) telematics rain gauge d) none of the above

61 Tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal cause severe rain and squall around the month
of:
a) June b) September
c) November d) January.
62 Winter rain in Madras is caused by:
a) south-west monsoons b) western disturbances
c) post monsoons d) pre monsoons.
63 Which Indian region gets the monsoon rains first?
a) the Himalayas b) the Indo-gangetic plains
c) the eastern ghats d) the western ghats.
64 Which region receives the maximum monsoon rain in our country?
a) the north-east areas b) the coastal Andhra and adjoining areas
c) the west coast areas d) none of these.
65 The normal date for onset of monsoon rains in India, as:
a) early June at Kerala and Assam b) early June at Bombay
c) early June at Delhi d) late November at Kerala.
66 Hills and mountains do help in bringing precipitation of the type:
a) orographic b) cyclonic
c) convective d) none of the above
67 Most of rainfall in India comes through, as:
a) frontal cyclonic precipitation b) nonfrontal cyclonic precipitation
c) convective precipitation d) orographic precipitation
68 The convective precipitation is caused when:
a) upward movement of moist air is produced by surface heating
b) a disturbance on the air front develops into a cyclone
c) the colder air mass forms a wedge, lifting the warm air mass
d) the orographic cooling takes place over a mountainous slope.
69 Precipitation occurring in droplets of size more than 10 mm, and fall speed of more
than 20 m/s, will be in the form of :
a) rain b) hail
c) sleet d) none of these.
70 The average normal size of a rain drop may be of the order of:
a) 0.5-4 mm b) 5-10 mm
c) 10-50 mm d) none of these
71 When air is saturated with vapour, then :
a) the air temperature and dew point are the same
b) the saturation deficit is zero
c) the dry bulb and wet bulb temperature become the same
d) all of the above happen.
72 The total available fresh water in the world is about:
a) 10 M km3 b) 37 M km3
3
c) 177 M km d) 1300 M km3
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

73 Hydrology is the science which deals with:

a) surface water b) ground water
c) surface as well as ground water d) flood water
74 Depth-Area-Duration curves of precipitation are drawn as
(a) Minimizing envelopes through the appropriate data points. (b) Maximising
envelopes through the appropriate data points. (c) best fit mean curves through the
appropriate data points. (d) best fit mean straight lines through the appropriate data
points.
75 The hydrological cycle
(a) occurs continuously in nature
(b) is a water transfer cycle
(c) has three phases—precipitation, evaporation and runoff
(d) All these
76 The percentage of earth covered by oceans is about
(a) 3 1% (b) 51% (c) 7 1% (d) 97%
77 The percentage of total quantity of water in the 'world that is saline is about
(a) 71% (b) 33% (c) 67% (d) 97%
78 The percentage of total quantity of fresh water in the world available in the liquid form
is about
(a) 30% (b) 70% (c) 11% (d) 51%
79 A tropical cyclone is
(a) low pressure zone that occurs in the Northern hemisphere only
(b) high pressure zone with high winds
(c) zone of low pressure with clockwise winds in the Northern hemisphere
(d) Zone of low pressure with anticlockwise winds in the Northern hemisphere
80 for tropical cyclone in the Northern hemisphere is
(a) zone of a low pressure with clockwise wind
(b) the low pressure with anticlockwise wind
(c) high pressure with clockwise wind
(d) high pressure with anti-clockwise wind
81 Orographic precipitation occurs due to air masses being lifted to higher attitudes by
(a) the density difference of air masses (b) frontal action
(c) the presence of Mountain barriers (d) extra tropical cyclone
82 The average annual rainfall over the whole of India is estimated as
(a) 189 centimetres (b) 319 centimetres (c) 89 centimetres(d) 117 centimetres
83 variability of annual rainfall in India is
(a) Least in regions of scanty rainfall (b) Largest in regions of high rainfall
(c) least in regions of high rainfall (d) largest in coastal areas
84 The standard Symon’s type rain gauge has a collecting area of diameter
(a) 12.7 centimetres (b) 10 centimetres (c) 5.08 centimetres (d) 25.4 centimetres
85 the standard recording rain gauge adopted in India is of
(a) Weighing bucket type (b) siphon type (c) tipping bucket type (d) tlementary type
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

86 the following recording rain gauges does not produce the mass curve of precipitation as
a record
(a) Symon’s rain gauge (b) tipping bucket type rain gauge (c) weighing bucket type
rain gauge (d) natural siphon rain gauge
87 the double mass curve technique is adopted to
(a) Check the consistency of rain gauge records (b) to find the average rainfall over a
number of years
(c) to find the number of ring gauges required (d) to estimate the missing rainfall data
88 the mass curve of rainfall of a storm is a plot of
(a) rainfall depths for various equal durations plotted in a decreasing order (b) rainfall
intensity versus time in chronological order (c) accumulated rainfall intensity verses
time (d) accumulated precipitation verses time in chronological order
89 plot between rainfall intensity versus time is called as
(a) Hydrograph (b) mass curve (c) hyetograph (d) Isohyet
90 A hyetograph is a plot of
(a) Cumulative rainfall verses time (b) rainfall intensity versus time (c) rainfall death
verses duration (d) discharge verses time
91 the Thiessen polygon is
(a) polygon obtained by joining adjoining rain gauge stations (b) representative area
used for weighing the observed station precipitation (c) an area used in the
construction of depth areas curves (d) the descriptive term for the shape of a
hydrograph
92 an isohyet is a line joining points having
(a) Equal evaporation values (b) equal barometric pressure (c) equal height above the
mean sea level (d) equal rainfall depth in a given duration
93 depth area duration curve of precipitation are drawn as
(a) Minimising envelopes to the appropriate data points (b) maximizing envelopes for
the appropriate data point (c) best feat mean curves through the appropriate data
points (d) best fit straight lines through the appropriate data points
94 depth area duration curve of precipitation at a station would normally be
(a) curves concave upwards with duration increasing out world (b) concave
downwards with duration increasing outward (c) curves concave upward with
duration decreasing out word (d) curve concave downward with the duration decreasing
out words
95 the average Pan Coefficient for the standard US weather Bureau class A Pan is
(a) 0.85 (b) 0.7 (c) 0.9 (d) 0.2
96 the chemical that is found to be most suitable as water evaporation inhibitor is
(a) Ethyl alcohol (b) methyl alcohol (c) cetyl alcohol (d) butyl alcohol
97 Evapotranspiration is confined
(a) To the Light hours (b) night time only (c) land surface only (d) none of these
98 Lysimeter is used to measure
(a) Infiltration (b) evaporation (c) evapotranspiration (d) vapour pressure
99 interception losses Include
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

(a) evaporation, through flow and stream flow (b) consist only evaporation loss (c)
includes evaporation and transpiration losses (d) consists of only streamflow
100 The magnitude of Φ index than W index is
(a) more (b) less (c) same (d) no relation
101 The rate of infiltration with increase in duration
(a) increases (b) decreases (c) remains same (d) no correlation

Unit: 2. Runoff and Hydrograph

1 Synthetic unit hydrograph is a unit hydrograph of a basin, and is derived from:
a) the existing unit hydrograph of smaller duration for the basin
b) the existing unit hydrograph of a nearly basin
c) the existing unit hydrograph of a meteorologically homogeneous basin
d) the analysis of the rainfall runoff data of the basin.
2 The unit hydrograph for an infinitesimally small duration of effective rainfall is called:
a) Direct runoff hydrograph b) Instantaneous unit hydrograph
c) Unit graph d) S-Curve hydrograph.
3 The lag time of a basin is the time interval between:
a) the beginning and end of the direct runoff
b) the centroid of the rainfall excess and the peak of the runoff hydrograph
c) the beginning of rainfall and the peak of runoff hydrograph
d) the end of rainfall and end of runoff.
4 The basic assumptions of the unit hydrograph theory are:
a) time invariance and linear response
b) time invariance and non-linear response
c) linear response and linear time variance
d) non-linear response and linear time variance.
5 The equilibrium discharge for a S-curve, being derived from a 4 h unit hydrograph for a
basin of 400 km2, is
a) 278 m3/s b) 1112 m3/s
c) 4448 m3/s d) 77,220 m3/s.
6 The S-curve is used:
a) to develop synthetic unit hydrograph
b) to derive unit hydrograph of a complex storm
c) to convert the unit hydrograph of any given duration into a unit hydrograph of
any other desired duration
d) to estimate the peak flow of a basin from the given storm
7 The concept of distribution graph was first suggested by:
a) Sherman b) Horton
c) Kirpich d) Bernard.
8 The S-curve is the summation of:
a) unit hydrograph b) total runoff hydrograph
c) effective rainfall hydrograph d) baseflow recession curve.
9 A 252 sq km catchment area has a 6 h U.H. which is a tringale of base 35 h. Peak
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

discharge of the D.R.H. due to 5 cm effective rainfall in 6 h from that catchment, would
be:
a) 45 cumecs b) 115 cumecs
c) 200 cumecs d) 256 cumecs.
10 If a 6 h U.H. has a peak ordinate of 40 cumecs, the peak ordinate for a 12 h U.H. for this
basin will be:
a) equal to 40 cumecs b) more than 40 cumecs
c) less than 40 cumecs d) may be more or may be less than 40 cumecs.
11 A direct runoff hydrograph for a 6 h storm has a time base of 24 h. If the rainfall excess
in this hydrograph is 2 cm, then the time base of the corresponding 6 h-unit hydrograph
will be:
a) 6 h b) 12 h
c) 24 h d) 48 h.
12 The rainfall excess produced by a storm of 6 h duration was 3.5 cm. The peak of the
D.R.H. of this storm was 25 cumecs. To obtain the ordinates of 6h unit hydrograph, we
must:
a) divide the ordinates of D.R.H. by 3.5
b) multiply the ordinates of D.R.H. by 3.5 c) divide the ordinate of D.R.H. by 25
d) multiply the ordinates of D.R.H. by 25.
13 The rainfalls that occurred in four successive 1 h periods are 0.8, 1.6, 2.0 and 2.5 cm. If
the $index for such storms on the given basin is known to be 1.2 cm/h, then the direct
runoff from the basin will be:
a) 2.1 cm b) 2.5 cm
c) 3.5 cm d) 6.9 cm.
14 In a particular season, a catchment was found to have aΦindex of 0.4 cm/h. If a rainfall
of 2.4 cm occurs in that season at a uniform rate in a 8 h storm, the resulting direct
runoff depth on the catchment in cm will be:
a) -0.8 b) 0
c) 2.0 d) 2.4.
15 The rainfall at a place occurring in 3 successive 2 h periods is measured to be : 1.6, 1.8,
and 2.6 cm. If the $index for such a storm in the basin is 1.0 cm/h, then the Windex for
the basin would be:
a) 1.1 cm/h b) 0.9 cm/h
c) 0.6 cm/h d) 0.2 cm/h.
16 If a rain is falling at a rate of 3 cm/h, and the Windex is 0.3 cm/h, then the runoff
coefficient will be equal to:
a) 0.6 b) 0.9
c) 1.0 d) none of them
17 As the imperviousness of the drainage basin increases, the runoff coefficient:
a) increases b) decreases
c) remains constant d) may increase or decrease, depending upon the type of the rain.
18 The ratio of runoff to rainfall is called:
a) rainfall coefficient b) runoff coefficient
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

c) infiltration coefficient d) distribution coefficient.

19 The difference between rainfall and direct runoff is called:
a) infiltration b) potential basin recharge
c) potential infiltration d) (b) and (c) both.
20 Period of rise at a gauging site is:
a) the time taken by the rainfall to reach its peak value from its start
b) the time taken by the stream flow to reach its peak value from its start
c) the time taken by the discharge to reach its peak value from the start of rainfall
d) none of the above.
21 Time of concentration is the:
a) time of which the rain remains concentrated on a basin
b) time of maximum possible precipitation that may ever concentrate and fall over a
given basin
c) time taken by the rain water to flow to an existing defined drain in a basin
d) the maximum time taken by the rain water to reach the outlet of the basin.
22 Fern leaf catchment, when compared with fan shaped catchments, will have:
a) longer streams b) shorter streams
c) almost equally long streams
d) longer or shorter streams, depending upon the particular catchment.
23 Fan shaped catchments, when compared with fernleaf catchment, usually give:
a) greater runoff b) lesser runoff
c) equal runoff
d) greater or lesser runoff, depending upon the number of drainage channels.
24 The ratio of the ‘average width’ to the ‘axial length’ of a drainage basin, is called:
a) compactness coefficient b) ratio factor
c) form factor d) runoff factor
25 The length of all streams per unit area of a watershed, is called:
a) stream density b) drainage density
c) drainage coefficient d) distribution coefficient.
26 Drainage density of a basin may be defined as:
a) No. of drains per unit area of the basin
b) length of drains per unit area of the basin
c) No. of rain gauges installed in the basin
d) none of the above.
27 For a catchment basin having a certain group of soil and fair pasture cover, the rainfall is
5 cm, and the potential infiltration is 2 cm. The direct runoff will then be:
a) 7 cm b) 3 cm
c) less than 3 cm d) none of them.
28 If no surface runoff is available to a river, the hydrograph of the river during such
period, is called:
a) direct run-off hydrograph b) ground water depletion curve
c) distribution graph d) instantaneous hydrograph.
29 The unit of area of a hydrograph may be :
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

a) metre b) sqm
c) cu-m d) cumecs.
30 The mean annual runoff rate from a catchment area of 15.77 sq.km is 2 cumecs. The
annual effective rainfall depth will be:
a) 200 cm b) 300 cm
c) 400 cm d) 500 cm.
31 A hydrograph is a graphical representation of:
a) surface runoff b) ground water flow
c) discharge flowing in a river d) none of these.
32 A graph showing the variation of discharge with time, at a particular point of a stream, is
known as :
a) inflow curve b) hyetograph
c) Outflow curve d) hydrograph.
33 The volume of rainfall which produces equal runoff is called:
a) point rainfall b) effective rainfall
c) Average rainfall d) ground rainfall.
34 The portion of the rainfall which infiltrates into the ground, moves laterally, and joins
the stream, is known as:
a) ground water flow b) sub-surface flow
c) Virgin flow d) overland flow.
35 Excess or effective rainfall may be defined as the :
a) amount of rainfall, which produces equal runoff
b) total rainfall – infiltration – losses
c) water depth collected during the net supply interval
d) all of the above.
36 The probable maximum precipitation at a basin or a station, is :
a) the greatest rainfall for given duration that is physically possible
b) an impossibly large rainfall of given duration
c) a rainfall of a given duration that can occur with a return period 1000 years.
d) a rainfall of a given duration that has the maximum probability of occurrence.
37 For large drainage basins, the peak flows are likely to be caused by:
a) wide spread storms of lesser intensity
b) intense storms of larger intensity
c) any type of storm, bringing heavy quantity of water, irrespective of its intensity and a
real distribution
d) all of the above.
38 A catchment area is in the form of a sector of a circle of radius 3 km, and angle 30. Its
hydrograph can be approximated to a triangle, having time base = 12 h. The effective
rainfall during the storm of 16 h duration is 3 cm. The peak of this hydrograph will be:
a) 1.24 cumecs b) 1.09 cumecs
c) 3.27 cumecs d) 5.66 cumecs.
39 The following four hydrological features have to be estimated or taken as inputs before
one can compute the flood hydrograph at any catchment outlet. 1. Unit hydrograph 2.
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

Rainfall hydrograph 3. Infiltration index 4. Base flow. The correct order in which they
have to be employed in the computations is
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4 (b) 2, 1, 4, 3 (c) 2, 3, 1, 4 (c) 4, 3, 2, 1
37 The inflection point on the recession side of the hydrograph indicates the end of
(a) The base flow (b) The direct rainfall (c) The overland flow (d) Rainfall
38 The concept of Unit Hydrograph was first introduced by
(a) Dalton (b) Sherman (c) Horton (d) Thiessen
39 The Unit hydrograph is the graphical relation between between the time distributions of
(a) Total rainfall and total runoff (b) Total rainfall and Direct runoff (c) Effective
rainfall and Total Runoff (d) Effective rainfall and Direct runoff
40 The word unit in the unit hydrograph refers to the
(a) Unit depth of runoff (b) Unit Duration of Storm (c) Unit base period of Hydrograph
(d) Unit area of the basin
41 The peak ordinate of a 4 unit hydrograph of a basin is 270 m3/sec. Then the peak
ordinate of 8 hr unit hydrograph of the same basin will be
(a) 270 m3/sec (b) less than 270 m3/sec (c) more than 270 m3/sec (d) 270 X e-4/8) m3/sec
42 The Peak Discharges in 4 and 8 hrs unit hydrographs of a basin occur at t1 and t2
respectively. Then
(a) t1 =t2 (b) t1> t2 (c) t1 < t2 (d) difficult to guess
43 The base period of a 6hr unit hydrograph of a basin is 84 hr. Then a 12 hr hydrograph
derived from this 6 hr unit hydrograph will have a base period of
(a) 90 hr (b) 78 hr (c) 42 hr (d) 168 hr
44 the upper limit of the area of basin for the applicability of unit hydrograph is generally
(a) 1000 km2(b) 5000 km2 (c) 10000 km2 (d) 2500 km2
45 The S-curve hydrograph is used to
(a) Estimate the peak flood flow of a basin resulting from a given storm (b) To develop
Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (c) To convert the unit hydrograph of any duration into a unit
hydrograph of any other desired duration (d) To derive the unit hydrographs from
complex storm
46 The lag time of the basin is the time interval between
(a) The centroid of the rainfall diagram and peak of the hydrograph (b) The
beginning and end of direct runoff (c) The beginning and end of effective rainfall (d)
The inflection points on the rising and recession limbs of the hydrograph
47 Direct runoff is made up of
(a) Surface runoff, prompt interflow, and channel precipitation (b) Surface Runoff,
infiltration and evapotranspiration (c) Overland flow and infiltration (d) Rainfall and
evaporation
48 The term base flow denotes
(a) Delayed ground water flow reaching a stream (b) Delayed groundwater and
snowmelt reaching stream (c) Delayed groundwater and interflow (d) The annual
minimum flow in stream
49 The water year in India starts from the first day of
(a) Jun (b) January (c) April (d) October
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

50 For a given storm, other factors remaining same

(a) Basins having low drainage density gives smaller peaks in flood hydrographs
(b) Basins with larger drainage densities give smaller peak floods (c) Low drainage
density basins give shorter time bases of hydrographs (d) The flood peak is independent
of the drainage density
51 Base flow separation is performed
(a) On a unit hydrograph to get the direct runoff hydrograph (b) On a flood hydrograph
to obtain the magnitude of effective rainfall (c) On flood hydrographs to obtain the
rainfall hyetograph (d) On hydrographs of effluent streams only
52 A D-hour unit hydrograph of a catchment may be obtained by dividing the ordinates of a
single peak direct runoff hydrograph (DRH) due to storm of D hour duration by the
(a) Total runoff volume (in cm ) (b) Direct Runoff volume (in cm) (c) Duration of
DRH (d) Total rainfall in cm
53 A storm hydrograph was due to 3 hr of effective rainfall. It contained 6 cm of direct
runoff. The ordinates of DRH of this storm
(a) When divided by 3 gives the ordinates of 6 hr unit hydrograph (b) When divided by
6 gives the ordinates of 3 hr unit hydrograph (c) When divided by 3 gives the
ordinates of 3 hr unit hydrograph (d) When divided by 6 gives the ordinates of 6 hr unit
hydrograph
54 In order to prepare 2 hr unit hydrograph from a 6 hr unit hydrograph which of the
following method will be applied?
(a) Synthetic unit hydrograph (b) S-curve method (c) Instantaneous unit hydrograph (d)
Simple unit hydrograph
55 What is unit Hydrograph helpful in
(a) Estimating runoff from a basin (b) Estimating no. of days of rainfall (c) Knowing
the draught months in a year (d) In deciding the land for hydel power plant
56 Which index represents the average rate of infiltrationonly for that rainfall which
contributes to runoff
(a) Ø (b) W (c) both a and b (d) none of these
57 The magnitude of Ø index than W index is
(a) same (b) More (c) less (d) depends on catchment and rainfall characteristics
58 The hydrograph obtaining after separation of base flow from a total runoff hydrograph is
called as
(a) UH (b) S- curve (c) DRH (d) all of these
59 The unit Hydrograph can be used
(a) to calculate DRH (b) To derive Flood hydrograph (c) to estimate maximum flood
from storm (d) all of these
60 The depth of direct runoff is given as
(a) ∑Q*t / A (b) ∑Q*A / t (c) ∑t*A / Q (d) ordinate of direct runoff/Direct runoff depth
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

Unit: 3. STREAMFLOW MEASUREMENT

1 Stream flow may be measured in:
a) m3/sec b) m depth/sec
c) both (a) and (b) d) Neither (a) or (b).
2 The flood discharge passing through a river at a weir site is usually estimated by
using:
a) a current meter b) a standard gauge-discharge curve
c) dilution technique d) a surface float.
3 The mean flow velocity of a stream at a section is taken to be the average of velocities
measured at:
a) 0.6 and 0.4 times the depth from the water surface
b) 0.2 and 0.8 times the depth from the water surface
c) 0.3 and 0.7 times the depth from the water surface
d) the top water surface and the bed surface of the river.
4 The stage discharge relationship of a gauging site with Q as stream flow and y as the
river stage, may be expressed as:
a) Q = K (y –a )b b) Q = K (y – a)
c) Q = K.yb d) Q = K. y.
5 If Qr denotes the river discharge at a rising river at a stage of RL 210.0 m, and Qf
denote the discharge at the falling river at the same stage of RL 210.0 m; then:

a) Qr = Qf b) Qr>Qf
c) Qr<Qf d) all of the above, depending upon the river characteristics
6 Soil conservation measures are effective in reducing:
a) very small floods only
b) small and medium floods only
c) floods of all magnitudes in the basin
d) floods of extremely large magnitudes only
7 The design flood generally adopted for a barrage in India, is the:
a) the probable maximum flood
b) the standard project flood, or 100 yr. flood, whichever is more
c) flood with 1000 yr frequency
d) 50 yr-flood.
8 The standard project flood is the one:
a) which can occur only once in the life of the project
b) which can occur only at rare occasions, such as the maximum observed flood
c) which can occur only under the worst weather conditions
d) whichcan not occur at all.
9 The probable maximum flood is the one:
a) which can occur only at rare occasions, such as the maximum observed flood on
record
b) which can not occur at all under any weather conditions
c) which can occur only under the worst weather conditions
d) none of them.
10 The probability of a flood of 25 year frequency occurring at least once in the coming 5
years, is:
a) 0.17 b) 0.185
c) 0 d) none of them.
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

11 The probability of a flood of 25 year frequency occurring once in the coming 5 years,
is:
a) 0.17 b) 0.185
c) 0 d) none of them.
12 An engineer makes a statement that a 100 year frequency flood will not occur for the
coming 100 years. By what percentage, the above statement can be relied to ?
a) 36.6% b) 63.4%
c) 100% d) none of them.
13 The Rational formula is restricted to the catchments of size less than :
a) 500 ha b) 5000 ha
c) 50000 ha d) 5,00,000 ha.
14 The flood discharges for a number of years have been observed at a certain weir. The
peak flood values for each successive years have been listed for analysis, from this
available data. The series so formed is called:
a) annual series b) complete series
c) partial duration series d) extreme value series.
15 The most commonly adopted probability distribution to fit the flood data, is:
a) Normal distribution b) Gumbel’s extreme value
distributionc) Log Normal distribution d) Log-Pearson distribution.
16 If the frequency of a flood (T), having a rank of m in a total record of n years, is given
by T = n+1/m, then this relation is known as:
a) California formula b) Hazen formula
c) Weibul formula d) Beard formula.
17 The method of designating flood frequency by chance percent was suggested by:
a) Gumbel b) Foster
c) Hazen d) Chow.
18 The flood formula, which can help determine the peak flood discharge for a particular
flood frequency, is:
a) Ryve’s formula b) Inglis formula
c) Nawab Jung Bahadur formula d) Rational formula.
19 Most commonly used formula for computing return period is
(a) California
(b) Hazen’s
(c) Weibul’s
(d) Beard’s
20 Most commonly used probability distribution in the flood data is
(a) Normal distribution
(b) Gambel’s extreme value distribution
(c) lognormal distribution (d) Gamma distribution
21 A flood with a return period of 100 years which occurs
(a) every Hundredth years
(b) The maximum observed flood in the past hundred years
(c) once in every hundred year on the average
(d) only after hundred years in the immediate future
22 The probability that a Tr year flood occurs in any year is
(a) 1/Tr (b) (1/Tr)2 (c) log (1/Tr ) (d) e-Tr
23 If A is a catchment area and C is a coefficient the Rayve’s formula for flood peak is
given by
(a) Q= C A1/3(b) Q= C A2/3(c) Q= C A1/4 (d) Q= C A3/4
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

24 In mean section method

(a) the elemental strip is taken between two verticals (b) mean depth is taken as the
average of the depths in the two verticals (c) width of the strip is distance b between
the two verticals (d) all of these
25 In mid-section method
(a) vertical is taken at center of strip (b) velocity is taken as average of two adjacent
velocities of strips (c) both a and b (d) none of these
26 Slope area method of stream gauging is
(a) indirect method (b) direct method (c) both a and b (d) cant say
27 Dilution technique in stream gauging is best for
(a) Aggrading streams (b) degrading rivers (c) small streams with steady and
turbulent flow (d) small streams with steady and uniform flow
28 The rational method of estimating flood is best suited for catchments having area
(a) up to 50 km2 (b) 500 km2 (c) 5000 km2 (d) any magnitude of area
29 The rational method of estimating flood is best suited for
(a) catchments up to 50 km2 (b) rainfall duration is equal or more than tc(c) both a
and b (d) none of these
30 The Dicken’s formula for flood peak is given by
(a) Q= C A1/3 (b) Q= C A2/3 (c) Q= C A1/4(d) Q= C A3/4
31

32

33

Unit: 4. Ground water hydrology

1 Energy is necessarily required in the utilization of
a) ground water b) lake water
c) reservoir water d) none of the above.
2 In an underground profile, the zone of aeration does not include
a) soil water b) capillary water
c) ground water d) none of them.
3 Ground water is found to occur in the geological formation, which is:
a) porous b) permeable
c) both (a) and (b) d) none of the above.
4 The property of a geological formation, which represents its water storage capacity, is:
a) permeability b) porosity
c) both (a) and (b) d) none of these.
5 The zone of aeration in a ground profile consists of:
a) capillary fringe b) soil water zone
c) intermediate zone d) all of them.
6 The zone of aeration in a ground profile does not include:
a) capillary zone b) soil water zone
c) intermediate zone d) saturation zone.
7 The area in our country, which is irrigated by ground water, as percentage of the total
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

irrigated area, is approximately equal to:

a) 20% b) 30%
c) 45% d) 80%.
8 The rate of flow of water through the ground strata, can be estimate by:
a) Manning’s formula b) Strickler’s formula
c) Dupuit’s formula d) Darcy’s formula.
9 Darcy’s law is valid, when the flow is:
a) laminar b) turbulent
c) both (a) and (b) d) none of them
10 The relation between Transmissibility (T) and Permeability (K) for an aquifer of depth d,
is:
a) K = Td b) T = K . d
c) T = K .log d d) T = 1n (Kd).
11 The geological formation, which yields only insignificant quantity of ground water, is
an:
a) aquifer b) aquifuse
c) aquiclude d) aquitard.
12 The zeological formation which may contain water, but does not yield any, is an:
a) aquifer b) aquifuse
c) aquiclude d) aquitard.
13 The geological formation, which contains and readily yields water to our tube wells, is
an:
a) aquifuse b) aquitard
c) aquiclude d) aquifer.
14 The capillary fringe water is also called the:
a) suspended water b) vadose water
c) gravity water d) all of the above.
15 The quantum of water contained in the soil pores, which cannot be extracted by gravity
drainage, is called:
a) pellicular water b) available water
c) hygroscopic water d) none of these.
16 The cum of ground water, which can be extracted by gravity drainage from a soil
stratum, when expressed as percentage fraction of the cum of the soil stratum, is called:
a) pellicular water b) available water
c) specific yield d) field capacity
17 Field capacity of a ground aquifer, equals to the:
a) specific yield b) 100 – specific yield
c) 100 / specific yield d) none of the above.
18 Specific retention of ground water is larger in:
a) coarse grained soils b) fine grained soils.
19 Water wells excavated through unconfined aquifers are known as:
a) gravity wells b) water table wells
c) non-artesian wells d) all of them.
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

20 Water wells excavated through confined aquifers are known as:

a) artesian wells b) pressure wells
c) both (a) and (b) d) none of these.
21 In the case of a flowing well, the piezometric surface is always:
a) below the ground level b) above the ground level
c) at the ground level d) none of the above.
22 The line joining the static water levels in several wells, excavated through a confined
aquifer, is known as the:
a) cone of depression b) piezometric surface
c) perched water table d) hypsometric curve.
23 If the piezometric surface along an unconfined aquifer declines to a level below the top
of the aquifer, then the aquifer at this point is called:
a) a perched aquifer b) a leaky aquifer
c) a flowing aquifer d) an unconfined aquifer.
24 The permeability of an aquifer (m/day) will:
a) increase with the increase in temperature of water flowing through the aquifer
b) decrease with the increase in temperature of water flowing through the aquifer
c) not get effected by the change in the temperature of water flowing through the aquifer
d) increase up to 20C and then decrease, with the increase in the temperature of water
flowing through the aquifer.
25 The component of the permeability of a porous medium, which is usually expressed in
units of darcy of m2, is called:
a) specify permeability b) intrinsic permeability
c) both (a) and (b) d) none of the above.
26 The discharge per unit drawdown at a well is known as:
a) specific yield b) specific retention
c) specific capacity d) specific storage
27 Storage coefficient (A) divided by the aquifer depth (d) is known as the:
a) specific storage b) specific capacity per unit depth of aquifer
c) specific yield d) specific retention.
28 Coefficient of storage (A) has the dimensions of:
a) L3 b) L2
c) L d) dimensionless
29 The units of specific capacity of a well are:
a) m3/sec b) m2/sec
c) m/sec d) no units.
30 Specific capacity of a well is:
a) constant over time after commissioning of the well
b) increases with time after start of pumping
c) decreases with time after start of pumping
d) may increase or decrease, depending upon a particular aquifer.
31 Standard specific capacity of a well is the well discharge per unit of drawdown. This
value of discharge should be obtained at:
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

a) any drawn down b) a particular draw down of 3 m

c) the first 1 m of draw down d) none of the above.
32 The performance of a well is measured by its:
a) specific capacity b) specific yield
c) storage coefficient d) all of the above.
33 The clogging of well screens and consequent reduction in pump efficiency, is indicated
by:
a) high value of well loss b) low value of well loss
c) variable value of well loss d) none of the above.
34 The water level in a confined well:
a) increases with the increase in the atmospheric pressure
b) decreases with the increase in the atmospheric pressure
c) does not undergo any change with the change in the atmospheric pressure
d) all of the above are possible.
35 Water level in an unconfined well:
a) increases with the increase in the atmospheric pressure
b) decreases with the increase in the atmospheric pressure
c) does not undergo any change with the change in the atmospheric pressure
d) all of the above are possible.
36 “Specific yield” for an unconfined aquifer is:
a) greater than porosity b) less than porosity
c) equal to porosity d) unrelated to porosity.
37 A perched aquifer is essentially found within:
a) an unconfined aquifer b) a confined aquifer
b) anaquiclude d) none of these.
38 The most widely used type of a deep State tubewell in India is:
a) a cavity tubewell b) a strainer tubewell
c) a slotted pipe-gravel packed tubewell d) none of them.
39 The general average yield from standard tubewells is of the order of:
a) 5 L/s b) 50 L/s
c) 500 L/s d) 5000 L/s.
37 The type of pumps used in tubewells are:
a) submergible pumps b) jet pumps
c) turbine pumps d) all of these.
38 The appropriate life of a tubewell in India is of the order of:
a) 1 year b) 2 years
c) 5 years d) 15 years.
39 Corrosion of tubewell pipes may cause:
a) reduced discharge from the tubewell b) excessive discharge of sand with water
c) discharge of highly corrosive acidic water d) none of the above.
40 Incrustation of the tubewell pipes may lead to:
a) reduced discharge from the tubewell b) excessive discharge from the tubewell
c) discharge of highly alkaline water d) none of the above.
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

41 An aquifer is a geological formation which

(a) does not contain water
(b) contains and also transmits water
(c) contains water but does not transmits water
(d) is a rock
42 Which of the following formations does not contain any groundwater?
(a) Aquifer (b) Aquifuge(c) Aquitard (d) Aquiclude
43 A geological formation which may contain water but is essentially impermeable to the
flow of water through it is known as
(a) Aquifer (b) Aquifuge(c) Aquitard(d) Aquiclude
44 Water existing in capillary Zone is a part of
(a) Phreatic water(b) ground water (c) gravity water (d) Vadose water.
45 The surface obtained by joining the water levels in several observation wells penetrating
confined aquifer represents
(a) piezometric surface
(b) water table surface
(c) capillary fringe
(d) cone of depression
46 In the case of a flowing well, the piezometric surface is
(a) below the ground level
(b) above the ground level
(c) between the ground level and the water surface in the well
(d) below the water surface in the well
47 In the case of water table well, the piezometric surface
(a) is above the ground level
(b) is below the Water level in the well
(c) Coincides with the water level in the well
(d) is between the water level in the well and ground level
48 he ratio of the volume of water retained by the formation when is freely drained to the
volume formation is known as
(a) specific yield (b) specific retention (c) specific storage (d) porosity
49 Specific yield of an aquifer defined as the ratio of the
(a) volume of pore space low the volume of soil
(b) volume of water freely drained from a saturated soil to the volume of soil
(c) volume of water retained when a saturated soil is freely drained to the volume soil
(d) volume of pore space to the volume of soil
50 An aquifer which is underlain by an impermeable layer at the bottom and not confined at
the top is known as
(a) confined aquifer (b) unconfined aquifer (c) semi confined aquifer (d) perched
aquifer centimetres
51 An unconfined aquifer is also known as
(a) an artesian aquifer (b) leaky aquifer(c) a perched aquifer (d) a water table aquifer
52 The permeability of an aquifer
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

(a) increases with increase in temperature (b) increases with decrease in temperature
(c) is independent of temperature (d) decreases with decrease in temperature
53 An influent stream in one which
(a) contributes runoff to the groundwater (b) derives runoff from groundwater (c)
neither contributes nor derives runoff from groundwater (d) flows only below the
ground.
54 A stream which contributes runoff to groundwater is known as
(a) influent stream (b) effluent stream (c) perennial stream (d) ephemeral stream
55 Darcy law for groundwater movement states that the velocity is proportional to
(a) the hydraulic gradient (b) the square of the hydraulic gradient (c) the logarithm of
the hydraulic gradient(d) the reciprocal of the hydraulic gradient
56 A laboratory test on a sample from an aquifer revealed a porosity of 35% The specific
yield of the aquifer will be
(a) equal to 0.35 (b) less than 0.35 (c) more than 0.35 (d) difficult to predict
57 The dimensions of the intrinsic permeability are
(a) L T-1 (b) L2 T-1 (c) L2 T0 (d) L2 T2
58 The dimensions of the transmissivity of the aquifer
(a) L T-1 (b) L2 T-1(c) L2 T2 (d) L2 T-2
59 The unit of intrinsic permeability in CGS system
(a) cm2 (b) cm2 /s (c) cm2/s2 (d) cm/s
60 The upper limit of Reynolds number for the Darcy's law to be valid for groundwater
flow is
(a) 0.01 (b) 0.1 (c) 1 (d) 10
61 Radius of influence is the horizontal distance between the centre of the pumped well and
(a) a point on the cone of depression of maximum drawdown (b) a point on the cone of
depression of zero drawdown (c) the first observation well (d) the second observation
well
62 The equation for the steady state radial flow to a well was first developed by
(a) Darcy (b) Theis(c) Dorpuit(d) Jacob
63 The dimensions of the specific capacity of an open well are
(a) L T-1 (b) L-1 (c) L-1 T(d) T-1
64 The safe depression head for open well is generally taken to be …of critical depression
head
(a) (1/3) (b) (1/2) (c) (2/3) (d) (3/2)
65 The unit of storativity S are
(a) L T(b) L-1 T-1 (c) L T-1 (d) L0 T0
65 The geological formation which is essentially impervious for flow of water even though
it may contain water in its pores is called
(a) Aquifer (b) Aquifuge (c) Aquitard (d) Aquiclude
66 A stream that provides water to the water table is termed
(a) affluent (b) influent (c) ephemeral (d) effluent
67 The surface joining the Static water levels in several wells pertaining a confined aquifer
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

represents
(a) water-table surface (b) capillary fringe
(c) Piezometric surface of the aquifer (d) cone of depression.
68 Flowing artesian wells are expected in areas where
(a) The water table is very close to the land surface (b) the aquifer is confined
(c)The elevation of the piezometric head line is above the elevation of the ground
surface (d) The rainfall is intense
69 Water present in artesian aquifer is essentially
(a) at sub atmospheric pressure (b) at atmospheric pressure (c) at 0.5 times the
atmospheric pressure (d) above atmospheric pressure
70 The volume of water that can be extracted by force of gravity from a unit volume of
aquifer material is termed as
(a) specific retention (b) specific yield (c) specific storage (d) specific capacity
71 Which of the pairs of terms used in ground water hydrology are not synonymous?
(a) Permeability and hydraulic conductivity (b) Storage coefficient and Storitivity (c)
Actual velocity of flow and discharge velocity (d) water table aquifer and unconfined
aquifer
72 The permeability of soil sample at the standard temperature of 20 degree Celsius was
0.01 cm/s. The permeability of the same material at flow temperature of 10 degree
Celsius is in cm/s.
(a) <0.01 (b) >0.01 (c) = 0.01 (d) Depends upon the porous material
73 Darcy’s law is valid in porous media flow if the Reynolds number is less than unity. The
Reynolds number defined as
(a) (Velocity of discharge * average grain size)/µ (b) (actual velocity of discharge *
maximum grain size)/v (c) (Velocity of discharge * average grain size)/v (d) (Velocity
of discharge * Pore size)/v
74 Two observation wells penetrating in to confined aquifer are located 1.5kM apart in the
direction of flow. Heads of 45m and 20m are indicated at these observation wells. If the
coefficient of permeability of the aquifer is 30 m/day and the porosity is 0.25, the time of
travel of an tracer from one well to another is about
(a) 417 days (b) 500 days (c) 750 days (d) 3000 days
75 A sand sample was found to have a porosity of 40% for an aquifer of this material, the
specific yield is
(a) 40% (b) >40% (c) <40% (d) depends upon the clay fraction
76 The unit of intrinsic permeability is
(a) cm/day (b) m/day (c) darcy/day (d)cm2
77 The specific storage is
(a) storage coefficient / aquifer depth (b) specific yield per unit area
(c) specific capacity per unit depth of aquifer (d) porosity-specific detention
78 When there is an increase in the atmospheric pressure, the water level in a w1ell
penetrating a confined aquifer
(a) decreases (b) increases (c) remains same (d) decreases or increases depends on
elevation of ground
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

79 In one dimensional flow in an unconfined aquifer between two water bodies. when there
Is recharge the water table profile is
(a) a parabola (b) a part of an ellipse (c) a straight line (d) an arc of straight line
80 In one dimensional flow in an confined aquifer between two water bodies. when there Is
recharge the water table profile is
(a) a straight line (b) a part of an ellipse (c) a parabola (d) an arc of Circle
81 For one-dimensional flow without recharge in an unconfined aquifer between two water
bodies the steady water table profile is
(a) a straight line (b) a parabola (c) an ellipse (d) an arc of Circle
82 The discharge per unit drawdown at a well is known as
(a) specific yield (b) specific storage (c) safe yield (d) specific capacity
83 The specific capacity of a well in confined aquifer under equilibrium conditions and
within the working limits of drawdown
(a) can be taken as constant (b) decreases as drawdown increases (c) increases as
drawdown increases (d) increases or decreases depends upon the size of the well

Unit: 5. National Water Policy

1 The National water policy (2002), of India, gives the top priority to:
a) drinking water b) hydro power
c) irrigation water d) none of the above
2 Ganga Kaveri Linkage Project is suggested by
(a) Dr. K. L. Rao (b) Dr. Kasturiranjan (c) Captain Dastur (d) none of these
3 Garland canal system is suggested by
(a) Dr. K. L. Rao (b) Dr. Kasturiranjan(c) Captain Dastur (d) none of these
4 The Himalayan component of interlinking of River has
(a) 13 links (b) 14 links (c) 15links (d) 16 links
5 Peninsular Component has total number of river links
(a) 13 links (b) 14 links (c) 15links (d) 16 links
6 The Krishna-Pennar river link is part of
(a) Himalayan component (b) Peninsular (c) Both a and b (d) none of these
7 Brahmaputra-Ganga river link is part of
(a) Himalayan component (b) Peninsular (c) Both a and b (d) none of these
8 Par-Tapi-Narmada river link is part of
(a) Himalayan component (b) Peninsular (c) Both a and b (d) none of these
9 The interlinking of river can helps in
(a) Increase in irrigation area (b) Control of flood (c) both a and b (d) none of these
10

11
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

Unit: 6. Irrigation
1 Irrigation is basically required in
(a) humid regions (b) arid regions (c) semi arid regions (d) all of the above.
2 Irrigation may not be needed in :
(a) England (b) Israel (c) India (d) none of the above
3 Pinpoint the correct statement
(a) irrigation helps in adopting mixed cropping (b) 'mixed cropping' means sowing of
a different crop after a particular crop · has been grown (c) over-irrigation may lead
to saving in fertilizer
(d) irrigation helps in avoiding mixed cropping
4 'Flood irrigation' method of irrigating fields, works best on
(a) level or gently rolling terrain (b) steeply rolling terrain (c) both (a) and_(b). (d)
none of the .above.
5 In flood irrigation, the preferred method of applying irrigation water to the
comparatively steeper rolling land, is :
(a) check flooding (b) boarder flooding (c) wild flooding (d) basin flooding.
6 Fields enclosed by dikes, where rice is grown, are called :
(a) paddies (b) furrows (c) basins (d) none of the above.
7 The method of growing crops on ridges, running on the sides of water ditches, is
known as
(a) flood irrigation (b) furrow irrigation ·-(c) check-irrigation (d) ·none-of-them.
8 In a field under furrow irrigation, 'furrows' are referred to represent:
(a) ridges on which crops are grown. · (b) narrow ditches which carry irrigation
water (c) both (a) and (b) / (d) neither (a) nor (b).
9 In a mildly water scarce area, the drip irrigation could be preferred for growing
(a) wheat (c) rice (b) fodder (d) fruits and vegetables.
10 High sodium content in irrigation water is :
(a) generally good · (b) generally bad (c) generally good, but bad for a few crops (d)
generally bad, but good .for a few crops.
11 Salinity-in-irrigation wate10 is measured by-
(a) SAR value (b) Electrical-conductivity value (c) pH-value (d) none of the above.
12 With the increase in supplied irrigation water, the yield of crops:
(a) increases continuously (b) decreases continuously (c) increases up to a certain
limit, and then becomes constant (d) increases up to a certain limit, and then
decreases
13 The highest efficiency of water use is achieved in…method
(a) drip (b) sprinkler (c) furrow (d) border strip
14 Risers are required in
(a) drip (b) sprinkler (c) furrow (d) border strip
15 Subsurface irrigation can be achieved by
(a) drip (b) sprinkler (c) furrow (d) border strip
16 For orchards ….method of irrigation is preferred
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

(a) border strip (b) furrow (c) ring basin (d) sprinkler
17 Minor irrigation scheme is limited up to
(a) 150 hectors (b) 200 hectors (c) 2000 hectors (d) 5000 hectors
18 Taking irrigation water form river by using pumps is
(a) lift irrigation (b) natural irrigation (c) both a and b (d) none of these
19 Jack well is used for
(a) accommodating pumping unit (b) to collect water form river (c) both a and b
(d) none of these
20 The role of intake well is to
(a) accommodating pumping unit (b) to collect water form river (c) both a and b (d)
none of these
21 In semi-permanent sprinkler method which component parts are moved
(a) Main line (b) sprinklers and laterals (c) sub mainline (d) none of these
22 In portable sprinkler system ….components are portable
(a) main pipeline (b) sub main pipeline (c) sprinklers (d) all of these
23 Percolation tank is example of
(a) major irrigation scheme (b) medium irrigation scheme (c) Minor irrigation
scheme (d) both and b
24 An irrigation project is classified as a major project, when the cultural command
involved in the project, is more than:
a) 2,000 hectares b) 5,000 hectares
c) 10,000 hectares d) none of the above.
25 A minor irrigation scheme, involves command area, equal to or less than:
a) 100 hectares b) 500 hectares
c) 1000 hectares d) 2000 hectares.

Unit: 7. Soils and Crops

1 Water required in producing 1 tonne of Rice is of the order of:
a) 100 tonnes b) 500 tonnes
c) 1000 tonnes d) 4000 tonnes
2 1 tonne of wheat produced may consume water as much as :
a) 100 tonnes b) 500 tonnes
c) 2000 tonnes d) 4000 tonnes
3 The water consumed in irrigation, when compared with the total water used for all
purpose in our country, is about:
a) 30% b) 50%
c) 70% d) 80%
4 The maximum irrigation requirement of rice crop is exhibited by its:
a) maximum delta value b) maximum duty value
c) minimum duty value d) none of the above
5 The water requirement in terms of delta is maximum for
a) Rice b) Tobacco
c) Potatoes d) Sugarcane
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

7 The most expected crops in a hot arid district of Rajasthan State in India, in. the month
of September, are:
(a) Rice and Sugarcane (b) Bazra and Maize (c) Wheatand Maize (d) Tobacco and
Cotton.
8 The crop among the following, which is expected to have the maximum duty, is
(a) Wheat (b) Rice (c) Sugarcane (d) Cotton.
9 Kor-Watering is the irrigation water supplied to a crop
(a) at the time of its sowing · (b) just before harvesting ( c) about three weeks after
sowing (d) about three weeks before harvesting.
10 The duty of irrigation water for a given crop is maximum
(a) on the field(b) at the head of the main canal
(c) at the head of the water-course (d) none of them.
11 The important Govt. reference made to the 'duty for a crop,' is usually related to its duty
(a) on the field (b) at the head of the main .canal (c) at the head of the water course (d)
none of them.
12 The duty at the end point of a canal minor, where the Govt control usually ceases, is
called
(a) duty on field {b) outlet duty (c) flow duty (d) storage duty.
13 The first important watering of crops is usually called :
(a) paleo watering (b) kor-watering · (c) crop-watering (d) ·ai1 of the above.
14 The optimum depth of kor watering for rice is about
(a) 25 cm (b) 19 cm (c) 13.5 cm (d) 9 cm.
15 The kor period, within which a crop must receive its first major watering, will be :
(a) less for humid climates (c) equal for all climates (b) less for dry climates (ti) none
of the above.
16 The crop, out of the following, which is not a cash crop, is-:
(a) Jute (b) Tea (c) Rice (d) Sugarcane.
17 In India, the cultivated area under Rabi season is generally x times the area under Kharif
season; where x is
(a) 1 (b) 0.5 (c) 2 (d) none of them.
18 The relationship between the duty D in ha/cumecs, the water depth ∆ in cm, and base
period B in days, is given by
(a) D=864B/∆ (b) D=8.64B/∆ (c) D=864∆/B (d) D=8.64∆/B
19 The relationship between the duty D in ha/cumecs, the water depth ∆ in m, and base
period B in days, is given by
(a) D=864B/∆ (b) D=8.64B/∆ (c) D=864∆/B (d) D=8.64∆/B
20 Consumptive use of water for a crop represents :
(a) The transpiration needs of the crop (b) evaporation needs of the cropped area.
(c) evapotranspiration needs of the cropped area plus the minor quantity required
in plant metabolism (d) None of the above.
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

21 The amount of irrigation water required to fulfil the evapotranspiration and minor
metabolic plant needs per unit of cropped area is called
(a) consumptive use (b) consumptive irrigation requirement
(c) net irrigation requirement (d) none of the above.
22 When there is no percolation loss for leaching and other such soil needs, then the Net
irrigation requirement (NIR) of a cropped area, will be equal to
(a) the consumptive use (Cu)
(b) Cu -Re where Re is effective rainfall during cropping
(c) (Cu –Re)/ηa, where ηa is water application efficiency (d) none of the above.
23 The Gross Irrigation Requirement (GIR) of water is equal to :
(a) NIR+ ηa(b) NIR+ ηa * ηc (c) NIR/ (ηa * ηc) (d) none of above. whereηa = water
application efficiency ηc = water conveyance efficiency.
24 The ratio of the water stored in the root zone of a crop, to the water actually delivei'ed to
the crop in the field, is ·known as
(a) water conveyance efficiency (b) water application efficiency (c) water use
efficiency (d) none of the above.
25 The water which can be utilized by the crops from the soil is called
(a) field capacity water (b) capillary water (c) hygroscopic water (d) none· of the above
26 The moisture held by a well drained soil against gravity drainage, by the force of surface
tension between the soil grains and water drops; is called
(a) field capacity water (b) hygroscopic water (c) capillary water (d) water of adhesion
27 Permanent wilting point moisture content for a crop represents the :
(a) hygroscopic water (b) capillary water (c) field capacity water (d) none of the above.
28 Available moisture for a crop is equal to
(a) field capacity moisture content-Wilting point moisture content (b) field capacity
moisture content-hygroscopic moisture content. (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of the
above.
29 The optimum moisture content (m.c.) which is retained in the root zone of a soil, before
applying irrigation water, is
(a) equal to (the field capacity m.c.-wilting point m.c.) (b) less than (the field capacity
m.c.-wilting point m.c.) (c) more than (the field capacity m.c.-wilting point m.c.) · (d)
may be more or less than : (the field capacity m.c.-wilting point m.c.) depending upon
the crop grown.
30 Irrigation water is usually applied.to the fields, when the available moisture in the root
zone of the crop, gets depleted by
(a) 0-10% · (b) 10-25% (c) 50-80% (d) 100%.
31 Frequency of irrigation is dependent upon the type of :
(a) soil and crop (b) soil and climate (c) soil, crop, and climate (d) soil, crop, climate,
and fertilizer.
32 A soil has a field capacity of 25%, permanent wilting point of 15%, and ·· - specific
weight of 14.7-kN/m3 .-If the root zone depth-of the grown crop is 90 cm, then its
available moisture holding capacity is
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

(a) 10 cm .(b) 13.5 cm (c) 16.67 cm (d) 20 cm.

33 After how many days will you recommend supplying irrigation water to a crop haVing
0.8 m root zone depth, and grown in a soil having field capacity of 30%, permanent
wilting = 15%, and density of soil = 1.5 gm/cc? The consumptive use for the crop is 5
mm/day, and only 60% of available moisture is permitted to be availed.
(a) 9 days (b) 15 days (c) 21 days (d) 40 days.
34 If the irrigation efficiency at a 10 ·hectare field is 80%, and the conveyance · losses from
the canal outlet is 10%, then the volume of water required at the canal outlet, for
supplying 10 cm water-depth in the field, will be-equal to
(a) 10,390 kL (b) 7200 kL(c) 13,900 kL (d) 1,39,000 kL
35 The ratio of the water stored in the root zone during irrigation, to the water needed in the
root zone prior to irrigation, is called
(a) efficiency of water use (b) efficiency of water storage (c) efficiency of water
application (d) efficiency of water conveyance
36 If the irrigation water applied to a field penetrates uniformly throughout, then the water
distribution efficiency is
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 0.5 (d) none of them, as more data is required to ascertain it.
37 The efficiency of water application does not depend upon :
(a) Climatic conditions (b) type of the soil (c) method of application (d) geometry of the
conveyance system.
38 The efficiency of water conveyance does not depend upon
(a) climatic conditions (b) geometry bf the conveyance system. (c) nature of the
boundary of the conveyance system (d) method of application of water.
39 Which of the following is not correctly matched?
(a) Rice-Kharif (b) Wheat-Rabi (c) Barley-Kharif (d) Potatoe-Rabi
37 If the intensity of irrigation for Kharif is 45% and that for Rabi is 60%; then the annual
intensity of irrigation, is
(a) 60% (b) 100% (c) 105% (d) none of them
38 If in a certain irrigation project, and in a given year, 72% and 56% of the culturable
command ·remained unirrigated in Kharif and Rabi seasons, respectively; then the
intensity of irrigation for that year and for that project, would be
(a) 36% (c) 72% (b) 64% (d) ·128%.
39 The gross· irrigated area cannot exceed the cultivable commanded area
(a) Correct ( b) Incorrect.
40 The area, on which crops are grown in a particular season, is called :
(a) culturable commanded area (CCA) ( b) gross sown area ( c) net sown area (d) none
of the above.
41 The capacity of an irrigation canal is usually controlled by
(a) averagekharif demand (b) average rabi demand (c) kor demand of rabi crops (d) kor
demand of kharif crops.
42 The optimum kor water depth for a kharif crop is 19 cm with an allowed kor water
period of 3 weeks, the outlet discharge factor for this crop will be:
(a) 955 ha/cumec (b) 782 ha/cumec (c) 860 ha/cumec (d) none of these
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

43 If the discharge required for different crops grown in a field is 0.4 cumecs, and the
capacity factor and time factor are 0.8 and 0.5, the design discharge for the distributary
will be
(a) 0.80 cumecs(c) 1 cumecs (b) 0.16 cumecs (d) 1.24 cumecs.
44 Duty on capacity is also called as
(a) outlet duty (b) capacity factor (c) full supply coefficient (d) quantity duty.
45 Given that the base period is 100 days and the duty of the canal is 1000 hectares per
cumec, the depth of water will be
(a) 0.864 cm (b) 8.64 cm (c) 86.4 cm (d) 864 cm .
46

Unit: 8. Watershed Management

1 The most economical method of-soil conservation is to
(a) construct check dams (b) construct contour bunds (c) drain the soil (d) aforest the
soil.
2 The objective of water shed management is
(a) To moderate fold peaks on downstream side (b) To establish watershed management
practices and measures (c) To enhance ground water recharge (d) all of these
3 Factors affecting watershed management
(a) Shape and size of watershed
(b) Precipitation occurring in watershed
(c) Land use patterns
(d) all of these
4 Importance of soil conservation is to
(a) maintain the fertility of soil (b) maintain water holding capacity of soil (c) enhance
the productivity of crop (d) all of these
5 Sedimentation of reservoir means
(a) accumulation of particles (b) erosion of particles (c) transportation of particles (d)
None of these
6 For control of sedimentation in reservoir following thing is adopted
(a) construction of check dams (b) provision of silt excluder (c) use of trash racks (d)
None of these
7 Preconstruction measure for control of sedimentation in reservoir includes
(a) Construction of check dams
(b) Erosion control and soil conservation
(c) Mechanical stirring of sediments
(d) Removal of post flood water
8 Post construction measure for control of sedimentation in reservoir includes
(a) construction of dam in stages (b) selection of suitable site for reservoir
(c) Construction of check dams
(d) Removal of post flood water
9 The water to various farmers is distributed in cyclic manner is termed as
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (HWRE), OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS

(a) Cooperative water users organization (b) Warabandi (c) Assessment on area basis
(d) Assessment on volume basis
10 The drawback associated with Assessment of canal water by area basis
(a) quantity of water used farmers is less (b) Farmers near the head utilizes more water
(c) Farmers use to irrigate same area number of times (d) both a and b
11 Assessment on area basis or crop rate basis is based on
(a) cash value of crop (b) water requirement of crop (c) time of demand in relation with
availability of water in reservoir (d) all of these
12 Volumetric assessment based on
(a) area irrigated by farmer (b) amount of water taken by farmer for irrigatingarea
(c) both and b (d) none of these
13 The benefits of volumetric assessment is
(a) more duty (b) less duty (c) more delta (d) none of these
14 In seasonal basis assessment of irrigation water, charges are based on
(a) type of crop (b) stage of crop (c) season of crop (d) all of these
15 In seasonal basis assessment the highest charges are applied for
(a) winter season crops (b) summer season crops (c) monsoon season crops
(d) cant say
16 In which assessment method of irrigation water, along with water charges land revenue
charges are collected
(a) area (b) volumetric (c) Consolidated (d) permanent
17 Roof top rain water harvesting technique is used for
(a) soil conservation (b) water conservation (c) both a and b (d) none of these
18 Aforestration helps in
(a) soil conservation (b) water conservation (c) both a and b (d) none of these
19 Warabandi method is used for distribution of
(a) well water (b) canal water (c) both and b (d) none of these
20 Warabandi is method of
(a) irrigation water charges assessment (b) irrigation water distribution (c) soil
conservation (d) water conservation
21 The best method of canal revenue system is
(a) area base assessment (b) consolidated assessment (c) volumetric assessment (d)
seasonal assessment
22 cooperative water users organizations helps in
(a) soil management (b) water management (c) soil conservation (d) none of these
23
(a) (b) (c) (d)
24
(a) (b) (c) (d)