STUDENT KIT LAB MODULE

Program: EE242/CEEE242/CEEE223 Semester: 7

Ownership: Discipline of Power
Version: 1.0 Date Issued: March 2022
Course Name: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY V
Course Code: EPO662

Mode of Delivery: ✔ Face to Face Virtual

TWO-QUADRANT DRIVES WITH FULLY-CONTROLLED TWO-PULSE

BRIDGE CIRCUIT, OPERATION IN 1ST AND 4TH QUADRANTS WITHOUT
SPEED CONTROL

Authors

Nor Farahaida Abdul Rahman,

Prepared by: Siti Zaliha Mohammad Noor Date : Oct 2010
Dr. Mohd Nawawi Seroji
Ir. Dr. Nor Farahaida Abdul Rahman
1st Revision : Date : Mac 2022
Ts. Dr. Siti Zaliha Mohammad Noor

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 ASSESSMENT DETAILS
Field/Module: Power Electronics / PE1
TWO-QUADRANT DRIVES WITH FULLY-CONTROLLED
Experiment Title: TWO-PULSE BRIDGE CIRCUIT, OPERATION IN 1ST AND
4TH QUADRANTS WITHOUT SPEED CONTROL
At the end of the course, students should be able to:

CLO1: Work in a team effectively to perform laboratory works

(A3).

Course Learning CLO2: Display proficiency using laboratory tools in conducting

Outcomes: experiment (P4).
CLO3: Determine a suitable technique in order to solve the
complex engineering problem (C4).
CLO4: Present the findings observed from the experiment/case
study clearly and effectively through a lab/PBL report (A3)

Upon completion of this experiment, students should have the:

MO1. The operation of two-pulse bridge circuit and DC machines.

Module Outcomes:
MO2. The input and the output voltage and current profiles of two-
pulse bridge circuit in 1st and 4th quadrants drive.

Instructions: 1. Perform the tasks as given/instructed in the lab module.

2. Submit the report in a group

1. No food or drink is allowed in lab unless food or drinks are

provided as a part of the lab.
2. Shoes must be worn in lab.
Safety Instructions: 3. Please ensure all the diagram connection is checked or
approved by instructor/assistance engineer before running the
experiment.
4. Always bring test pen during laboratory session.

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1. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

1.1. Introduction

All driven machines require drives. Nowadays, these drives are principally single or
multi-motor drives. The single drives are used for small or simple machines while the multi-
drives are employed for complex driven machines.
Drives with electric machines which are fed and controlled via static converters are
designed as static converter drivers. The higher numbers of these drives are equipped with
converter-fed DC commutator machines. Their power ranges from a few watts to several
megawatts. The operation behaviour of electric machines can be represented in the speed-
torque characteristic. By relating speed and torque in a rectangular system of coordinates,
four-mode (four quadrants) operations can be represented. Figure 1.1 shows the operating
modes of driving machines.

Figure 1.1: Operating modes of driving machines

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2. PRE-LAB WORK

2.1. Students/Group leader should obtain approval from the lab instructor for the Pre-Lab
work before commencing the virtual lab activities. Submit the pre-lab work together
with the report.

2.1.1. Explain the operation of:

i. Rectifier
ii. Inverter

2.1.2. How to control the fully-controlled converter?

2.1.3. Draw a single-phase fully-controlled converter with resistive load. Then, sketch the
input and output currents and voltages of the converter when the firing angle, α is
45°.

2.1.4. Based on Figure 1.1, explain the operating mode of the 1st and 4th quadrants.

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 3. EXPERIMENTAL WORK

3.1 Experimental Setup

3.1.1 Connect all instruments according to Figure 3.1. Connect the protective earth of the
main transformer, DC machines, tacho generator and DC supply together.
3.1.1 Turn ‘ON’ all instruments except the 200V DC supply.
3.1.2 Basic setting:

a. Oscilloscope Time base 5 ms/DIV

Coupling DC
Trigger Line
b. Control unit Trigger angle 0
Pulse form Pulse train
Control voltage range 0...10V
c. Machine I Connect E1 to +220V and E2 to -220V of the main transformer
d. Machine II Connect E1 to 2B2, E2 to 1B1

3.2 Experiment A: Operation of 1st quadrant

3.2.1 Set the trigger point limiter, aG = 90° and aW = 180°. Please refer to the oscilloscope in
order to get aG = 90° precisely. (i.e. 1 cycle = 0.02s).
3.2.2 Rotate gradually the set-point potentiometer to UST = 10V.
3.2.3 Note the rotational direction of the machine set.
3.2.4 Observe and record/save the time profiles (waveform) of the secondary voltage, DC
voltage, secondary current and DC current. (Figure A)
3.2.5 All reading must be tabulated in Table 1. In addition, the induced voltage Uo must be
measured using oscilloscope with calibrated settings.

3.3 Experiment B : Operation of 4th Quadrant

3.3.1 Set the set-point potentiometer to UST = 0V.

3.3.2 Set the trigger point limiter, aG = 0° and aW = 155° with the aid of the oscilloscope. The
machine set not yet turning over.
3.3.3 Rotate gradually the set-point potentiometer to UST = 40V. The machine set turns over
at lower speed.
3.3.4 Set the 220V DC supply to V = 0 and I = max. Then, switch ‘ON’ the DC supply.
3.3.5 Slowly increase the output voltage UDC of the DC supply to V = 100V.
3.3.6 Note the rotational direction of the machine set.
3.3.7 Observe and record/save the time profiles (waveform) of the secondary voltage, DC
voltage, secondary current and DC current. (Figure B-1)
3.3.8 All reading must be tabulated in Table 1.
3.3.9 Next, slowly increase the output voltage of the DC supply to V = 145V.
3.3.10 Repeat procedure 3.3.7. (Figure B-2)

Figure 3.1 illustrates the schematic diagram of the virtual lab module. With the aid of
 B+&C+ C-

Fully controlled two-

300V or 100V/1A
pulse bridge
W
K1 K2 3A Id 50mH
A
A+ C’+ C’-
G1 G2
T1 T2
1B2
Si 3A Is
L1 A 1B1
E1 A1 UTG
Ud 3V
L2 V Us V 300V I
300V |
E2 A2 1B2
L3
2B2
1B1
N 2B1 A1 E1 220V
PE - + G3 G4 T II DC supply
Transformer Usyn T3 T4 Machine I
A2 E2
A- Usyn K3 K4 2B2
- +
2B1
B-
+15V +15V +15V Machine II
Note; L1 220V
G2
Ust u K2
(a) DC power supply aW
G3
K3
Half negative cycle
aG
(b) Set-point potentiometer G1
(c) Trigger point limiter K1 Half positive cycle
G4
Oscilloscope

A+
A-
B+
B-
CHI CHII
C+
C-
C’+
C’-

Figure 3.1

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 4. RESULT

4.1. 4.1 Measurement

Table 1. Current, Voltage, Power, Torque and Speed Measurements

Operation 1st Quadrant 4th Quadrant
a 90° 155°
UDC / V 0 100 145
US/ V (rms)
IS/ A (rms)
Ud/ V (average)
Ud/ V (rms)
Id/ A (average)
Id/ A (rms)
UTG/ V (rms)
Uo/ V (mean)
P/ W
n/ min-1

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Voltage and Current Profile
Experiment A

Figure A

Experiment B (UDC = 100V)

Figure B-1

Experiment B (UDC = 145V)

Figure B-2

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5. DISCUSSION

5.1 Briefly describe the curves in Figure A and B-1 in term of average DC voltage and DC
current.

5.2 Explain the operation of the converter and DC machines in both experiments.

5.3 Describe the rotational torque behaviour during procedure no. 3.3.5 in Experiment B? Explain
your answer.

5.4 Briefly describe the curve in Figure B-2.

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6.1 What type of DC machine I and II used in this experiment? Explain your answer.

6.2 Based on Experiment A and B, draw the equivalent circuit of both machines
separately. Show the direction of current flows noticeably.
6.3 Explain the operation of generator and motor.
6.4 State the firing angle range for both 1st and 4th quadrant drive operation.

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7. CONCLUSION

Conclude in detail the findings and the outcomes of this experiment. This should include the
summary of knowledge gained, comments and discussion of the results, errors and their
possible sources and how this experiment can be improved.

8. REFERENCES

1. L. Springob, Static Converter-fed DC machines, 1991

2. P. C. Sen, Principle of Electric Machines and Power Electronics
3. T. Mohan, T.M. Undeland, W.P. Robbins, Power Electronics: Converters,
Applications and Design, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2003.
4. M.H. Rashid, Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices and Applications, New Jersey :
Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004.
5. S.Z. Mohammad Noor, M.K Hamzah.; A.F. Abidin, “Modelling and Simulation of
a DC Chopper Using Single Phase Matrix Converter Topology” International Conference on
Power Electronics and Drive System, 2005, PEDS 2005, Kuala Lumpur, Volume 1, 16-18
Jan 2006, pp. 827-832

ERENCES

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