Filarial Worms

Infec6ve Stage
Parasite Common Name Vector Periodicity Habitat Host Microfilaria Pathology Treatment
Diagnos6c Stage
L3 Filariform Larva Nucleus: Regular space
Sheath: Present
Mosquito: Anopheles, Lower lympha>c Terminal nuclei: Absent Lympha>c filariasis Diethylcarbamazine
Wuchereria bancro-i Bancro'ian filaria Nocturnal/Subperiodic Man
Aedes, Culex system Microfilaria Cephalic space: 1:1 (Elephan2asis) (DEC)
Appearance: Graceful
Stain: (X) Giemsa
L3 Filariform Larva Nucleus: Irregular space
Sheath: Present
Mosquito: Mansonia, Upper lympha>c Terminal nuclei: 2 Lympha>c filariasis Diethylcarbamazine
Brugia malayi Malayan’s filarial worm Nocturnal/Subperiodic Man
Anopheles system Microfilaria Cephalic space: 2:1 (Elephan2asis) (DEC)
Appearance: Kinky
Stain: (✓) Giemsa
L3 Filariform Larva Nucleus: Extends to >p of tail
Sheath: Present
Mosquito: Upper lympha>c Terminal nuclei: 2 Lympha>c filariasis Diethylcarbamazine
Brugia 3mori Nocturnal Man
Anopheles barbirostris system Microfilaria Cephalic space: 3:1 (Elephan2asis) (DEC)
Appearance: Kinky
Stain: (X) Giemsa
Nucleus: Extends to >p of tail Elephan>asis
Chrysops L3 Filariform Larva
Sheath: Present Acute Dermatolymphangioadeni>s
(Tabanid fly, Deer fly,
Loa loa African eye worm Diurnal Subcutaneous >ssue Man Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia DEC + Ivermec>n
Horsefly, Mango fly, Adult: Inhabits the subcutaneous
Microfilaria Occult Filariasis
Mangrove fly) >ssue
Blinding worm, Simulium L3 Filariform Larva Sheath: Absent Onchocerciasis
Onchocerca volvulus Nonperiodic Subcutaneous >ssue Man Ivermec>n
Craw craw (Black fly) Microfilaria Terminal nuclei: Absent Ocular Larva Migrans
L3 Filariform Larva Tail: Broad, blunt Diethylcarbamazine
Mansonella perstans Culicoides (midge) Nonperiodic Body cavi>es Man Mansonellosis
Microfilaria Nucleus: Extends to >p of tail (DEC)
Culicoides (midge), Simulium L3 Filariform Larva Tail: Thin, pointed Diethylcarbamazine
Mansonella ozzardi Nonperiodic Body cavi>es Man Mansonellosis
(Black fly) Microfilaria Terminal nuclei: Absent (DEC)

L3 Filariform Larva
Sheath: Absent
Mansonellosis Diethylcarbamazine
Mansonella streptocerca Culicoides (gnats) Nonperiodic Subcutaneous >ssue Man Tail: Crooked
(subcutaneous) (DEC)
Nucleus: Extends to >p of tail
Microfilaria

Guinea worm, Larva from copepods Skin ulcers with larva

Fiery Serpent of the
Dracunculus medinensis Copepods (Zooplankton) Subcutaneous >ssue Final: Man Ur>caria, Erythema Removal of worms
Israelites, Medina worm,
L1 larva from ulcers Secondary bacterial infec>on
Dragon worm

L3 Filariform Larva
Mosquito: Aedes, Culex, Right side of the Final: Dog Coin lesions
Dirofilaria immi3s Canine Heartworm Adults in pulmonary Ivermec>n
Anopheles, Mansonia heart Accidental: Man (Granulomatosal nodule)
vessels (heart)
Final: Dog Toxocariasis
Toxocara canis Dog Roundworm MOT: Inges>on Mebendazole
Accidental: Man (CLM, VLM, OLM, Covert)
Final: Cat Toxocariasis
Toxocara ca3 Cat Roundworm MOT: Inges>on Mebendazole
Accidental: Man (CLM, VLM, OLM, Covert)
Other name: Rats: Pulmonary Final: Rats
Angiostrongylus Parqastrongylus cantonensis arteries Intermediate: Slugs,
MOT: Inges>on Human Eosinophilic Meningoencephali>s Removal of worms
cantonensis Snails
Rat Lungworm
Man: CNS Accidental: Man
Angiostrongylus Other name: Rats: Mesenteric
MOT: Inges>on Rats Intes>nal form of Angiostrongyliasis
costaricensis Parastrongylus costaricensis arteries
Minor parasite
Gnathostoma spinigerum Stomach worm Man Gnathostomiasis interna
Gnathostomiasis externa