MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, HERITAGE & ARTS

FIJI YEAR 12 CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION 2019

ENGLISH
Time Allowed: 3 hours
(An extra 10 minutes is allowed for reading this paper)

INSTRUCTIONS
1. Write your Index Number on the front page and inside the back flap of the Answer
Booklet.
2. Write all your answers in the Answer Booklet provided.
3. If you use extra sheets of paper, be sure to show clearly the question number(s) being
answered and to tie each sheet in your Answer Booklet at the appropriate places.
Ensure that your Index Number is written on the extra sheets.
4. Answer all the questions with a blue or black ballpoint pen or ink pen. Do not use red
ink. You may use a pencil only for drawing.
5. You may use a calculator, provided it is silent, battery-operated and non-programmable.

6. There are four sections in this paper. All sections are compulsory.
Note the choices in Section C and D.

SUMMARY OF QUESTIONS

SECTION GUIDELINES TOTAL SUGGESTED

MARK TIME
Writing
A Both questions are compulsory. 25 55 minutes

Comprehension and Summary Writing

B Both questions are compulsory. 20 45 minutes

Language
Part I – Grammar and Vocabulary 15 10 minutes
This question is compulsory.
C Part II – Register Study
Answer any two questions out of the four 10 15 minutes
questions given.

Literature
There are three genres in this section. Each
D genre has four questions. Answer any two 30 55 minutes
questions, one each from two different
genres.
TOTAL 100 180 minutes

COPYRIGHT: MEHA, FIJI, 2019.

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SECTION A WRITING [25 marks]

There are two questions in this section. Both questions are compulsory.
QUESTION 1 FORMAL WRITING (15 marks)

Write on one of the topics (a) to (e) given under the headings Expository Essay and Report.
Write about 230 to 250 words. In marking, the examiner will be looking especially for the
use of appropriate register, originality of ideas, logical organisation, correct paragraphing,
relevant linkage, expression and style.

Plan is worth two marks.

Expository Essay

Either
(a) Role of parents in curbing crime
Or
(b) Quality education for better societies
Or
(c) Preserving the indigenous languages
Or
(d) Pedestrian education on road safety is equally important.
Or

Report
(e) Using the statistics below, write a report titled:

Fiji Secondary Education Enrolment from 2010 to 2018

Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Enrolment 60963 66244 65509 65810 68063 67447 67947 65915 69053

Adapted from: http://www.education.gov.fj

© MEHA, FY12CE 2019: ENGLISH.
 3.
You may use the following headings in the report:

(i) Introduction
(ii) Major observations
(iii) Reasons for the trend (discuss two)
(iv) Conclusion
(v) Recommendation (discuss one)

QUESTION 2 PERSONAL WRITING (10 marks)

The theme of this question is Youth Challenges.

Write about 180 to 200 words on one of the topics (a) to (e) given below.
Each requires writing in a particular register for a particular audience.

For this question, ensure that you pay close attention to the theme, and have at least
three main ideas.

If you choose option (d), use this address: 13 Straw Avenue, Yanuca.
Use the name James Singh or Sheral Jones.

Plan is worth one mark.

Either
(a) As a youth of your community, you have taken part in the clean-up
campaign in your area yesterday. Write a diary entry
describing your feelings, experience and state why it is important
for all youths to care for their environment.
Or
(b) Referring closely to the theme, write a narrative essay
including the sentence given below in any part of your writing:

With the little knowledge that I had of using computer technology,

I struggled to compile my research work.
Or
(c) You have been selected for the Young Entrepreneurship Scheme.
Write a conversation between your friend and you on the
innovative ideas you have for a project that you want to do.
Discuss the challenges you are likely to face as a young
entrepreneur.
Or
(d) Write a letter to the editor of a local newspaper highlighting your
concerns on the lack of youth participation in cultural activities.
Or
(e) Choosing one picture on page 4 to guide you, write about the theme
using a personal style of writing of your choice.

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© MEHA, FY12CE 2019: ENGLISH.
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SECTION A (continued)

(i)

Source: https://fijisun.com.fj
(ii)

Source: https://www.fnu.ac.fj

© MEHA, FY12CE 2019: ENGLISH.

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SECTION B COMPREHENSION AND SUMMARY WRITING [20 marks]

There are two questions in this section. Both questions are compulsory.

QUESTION 3 COMPREHENSION (15 marks)

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Conservation Effort to Preserve Life Below Water

A new initiative designed to support marine ecotourism and the Sustainable Development Goal 14
(SDG 14) was launched to mark a new era in marine conservation. The South Pacific Tourism
Organisation (SPTO) in partnership with Beqa Adventure Divers (BAD) and the United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP), with support from the Australian Government proudly
5 launched the My Fiji Shark Initiative in Suva on 18th of October, 2018.

With coastal pollution, overfishing and population growth, the oceans and the marine ecosystem
are witnessing profound damage making the SDG 14 ‘Life Below Water’ crucial for Fiji. There is
optimism amongst scientists that new approaches to sustainable management and marine
conservation can be found if traditional knowledge is complemented by science and technology.
10 Hence, the My Fiji Shark Initiative is a new innovative model to support the partners’ efforts to
realise this and raise the profile of marine conservation in the region.

According to the Chief Executive Officer of SPTO, this initiative is a tool to mobilise resources
through tourism to implement the SDG 14 and support the ‘Blue Pacific’ identity as a driver for
sustainable development in the region. This partnership is a demonstration of public-private sector
15 engagement in the conservation of the marine resources.

Beqa Adventure Divers is a credible business with research work to support the Shark Reef
Marine Reserve. The initiative is working closely with the Shark Reef Marine Reserve managed
by Beqa Adventure Divers, a local shark research, conservation and ecotourism operator, to raise
the profile of marine conservation in the region through a shark adoption program.

20 UNDP Pacific Office in Fiji Country Director and Head of Pacific Regional Policy and
Programme revealed that businesses globally have a big role to play in achieving the SDGs. It is
also known that it will not succeed without private sector engagement and contributions. This
initiative is all the more important as it targets SDG financing from the private sector.

My Fiji Shark Initiative supports work towards achieving the SDG 14 on Life Below Water,
25 which is specifically linked to marine ecotourism and involving ‘Adopt a Shark’ campaign. It is
symbolic that it is the first SDG private sector financing model and marketing campaign are about
oceans and marine species.

The initiative would mobilise resources by allowing sponsors to adopt individual sharks in their
natural habitat. Several tiers of ‘adoption’ are being offered, with current proposals ranging from
30 US$50 - US$10,000 for adoption by the general public, with varying packages of benefits.

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© MEHA, FY12CE 2019: ENGLISH.
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SECTION B (continued)

Beqa Adventure Diver’s Head of Conservation and My Fiji Shark Program Coordinator is proud
of this initiative and deeply grateful to their partners and sponsors as the funds raised will allow
them to play their part in assisting the government to pursue the ambitious marine conservation
and fisheries management goals it had announced at the 2017 Ocean Conference.

35 Furthermore, this project will also help to change the public’s perception of these misunderstood
animals that sharks are beautiful, intelligent, and dynamic creatures with individual personalities
and character traits just like humans.

Sharks are also globally threatened by overfishing and habitat loss and deserve all the help they
can get. However, Fiji’s shark populations are faring comparatively well to global populations and
40 also are the main attraction of a thriving niche product that has been shown to contribute more
than FJ$80 million in sustainable income every year to Fiji’s ecotourism industry.

Beqa Adventure Divers and My Fiji Shark Initiative are proud pioneers of Fiji’s shark ecotourism
industry and their message to everyone in Fiji is:
“Please help us nurture and preserve this unique and precious resource which has been part of
45 Fijian culture since time immemorial and Adopt Your Shark Now.”

Adapted from: www.pacific.undp.org

A. Multiple-Choice Questions (4 marks)

Choose the best answer and write the letter of your choice in the Answer Booklet.

1. Which new initiative was launched as stated in paragraph 1?

A. My Beqa Adventures
B. My Tourism Initiative
C. My Fiji Shark Initiative
D. My Marine Environment

2. What is the focus of Sustainable Development Goal 14?

A. Fijian Culture
B. Life Below Water
C. Pacific Regional Policy
D. Beqa Adventure Divers

3. As used in the passage, the word driver in line 13 means

A. distress.
B. deserving.
C. misleading.
D. directing towards.

© MEHA, FY12CE 2019: ENGLISH.

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4. The main goal of My Fiji Shark Initiative is to allow sponsors to

A. deplete the shark population.

B. lose interest in sponsoring sharks.
C. sell the Fijian breed of male sharks only.
D. adopt individual sharks in their natural habitat.

B. Sentence Completion (5 marks)

Complete the following sentences in your Answer Booklet using the ideas
given in the passage. Use your own word(s) where possible.

5. My Fiji Shark Initiative model would be helpful in supporting its partners’ to

____________________________________________________________. (1 mark)

6. The funds raised from this initiative will ____________________________

_____________________________________________________________. (2 marks)

7. Globally sharks are threatened by__________________________________

_____________________________________________________________. (2 marks)

C. Open-ended Questions (6 marks)

Use your own words as far as possible to answer the questions given below.
Write complete sentences.

8. Explain a way in which shark populations contribute to Fiji’s ecotourism

industry. (2 marks)

9. List two human qualities attributed to the sharks in the passage. (2 marks)

10. Explain the significance of My Fiji Shark Initiative for the people in Fiji. (2 marks)

QUESTION 4 SUMMARY WRITING (5 marks)

Summarise lines 24 to 37 of the comprehension passage. Use about 70 to 80 words.

Write your summary in the space provided in the Answer Booklet.

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© MEHA, FY12CE 2019: ENGLISH.
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SECTION C LANGUAGE [25 marks]

There are two parts in this section. Part I is compulsory. Note the choices in Part II.

Part I GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY (15 marks)

QUESTION 5

A. Language Usage (4 marks)

Choose the best answer and write the letter of your choice in the Answer Booklet.

1. Sharon is a good prefect whom all the children like.

Identify the relative pronoun in the sentence given above.

A. is
B. all
C. good
D. whom

2. My sister learns more of earth science through reading.

Identify a gerund in the above sentence.

A. more
B. learns
C. reading
D. through

3. ___________ the fact that the final examination was difficult, everybody passed.

A. In spite
B. Despite
C. Because
D. Although

4. Miss Sawada remains hopeful of a credible and expeditious review of the relevant
issues by law enforcement authorities.
The word closest in meaning to expeditious is

A. relaxed
B. peaceful
C. efficient
D. comfortable

© MEHA, FY12CE 2019: ENGLISH.

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B. Word Formation (4 marks)

Write the correct forms of the words in brackets for the blank spaces of the
following sentences in the Answer Booklet.

1. His first novel was very ________ (impress). I’m sure it’ll be a success.

2. The Bouma Natural Heritage Park was great.______________ (fortunate)

the weather didn’t favour the trip taken.

3. The ______________ (continue) heavy rain during April resulted in the

landslides along the Kings Highway near Nabulini and Malabe in Tailevu.

4. Young people are advised by the Health Officials to reduce their junk
food _______________ (consume).

C. Confused Pairs (4 marks)

Choose the correct word from the pair given in brackets to fill in the blank spaces
in the sentences below by writing the correct word in the Answer Booklet.

1. During the fruit picking season, many Pacific Islanders were given work
in the __________. (orchids/ orchards)

2. I am doing a five year law ___________ from Naiyala University.

(coarse/ course)

3. There are several long descents as you ___________ towards Sigatoka town.
(precede/ proceed)

4. The teacher advised the students to _______ the sources used in the research.
(cite/ sight)

D. Sentence Completion (3 marks)

Complete each of the following sentences correctly using five to eight words.
Write your answer in the Answer Booklet.

1. I would rather stand than ____________________________________. (1 mark)

2. None of us ______________________________________________. (1 mark)

3. If only I had ______________________________________________. (1 mark)

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© MEHA, FY12CE 2019: ENGLISH.
 10.

SECTION C (continued)

Part II REGISTER STUDY (10 marks)

Answer any two questions from Questions 6, 7, 8, and 9 in the space provided in your
Answer Booklet. Write complete sentences. Do not repeat answers or features.

QUESTION 6 LANGUAGE OF SCIENCE (5 marks)

Plastics are derived from natural, organic materials such as cellulose, coal, natural gas, salt
and, of course, crude oil. Crude oil is a complex mixture of thousands of compounds and
needs to be processed before it can be used.

The production of plastics begins with the distillation of crude oil in an oil refinery. This
separates the heavy crude oil into groups of lighter components, called fractions. Each
fraction is a mixture of hydrocarbon chains (chemical compounds made up of carbon and
hydrogen), which differ in terms of the size and structure of their molecules. One of these
fractions, naphtha, is the crucial compound for the production of plastics.

Adapted from: https://www.plasticseurope.org

QUESTIONS

(i) State the main purpose of this register. (1 mark)

(ii) Identify the subject area this sample can be best studied under. (1 mark)

(iii) State the purpose of using the diagram in the sample above. (1 mark)

(iv) Identify one linguistic feature from the sample. (1 mark)

(v) State the importance of the linguistic feature identified in (iv) above. (1 mark)

© MEHA, FY12CE 2019: ENGLISH.

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QUESTION 7 LANGUAGE OF BUSINESS (5 marks)

PROVISION FOR INTERNAL AUDIT

The Wart Security Services (WSS) is an established business.
WSS
WSS invites written Expression Of Interest [EOI] from the local audit
firms to undertake the engagement for Internal Audit Services.

Terms of Reference of Internal Audit Services can be found on our website: www.wss.com.fj

Audit firms interested in providing the above service are invited to submit their interest with a
quote and past work experience for the reference of their product and services with the
following documents:
1) Company/ Business profile
2) Company/ Business address
3) Company/ Business registration and TIN details.

Submissions to be emailed to: eoi@wss.com.fj

EOI closes by 4pm Monday 4th October, 2019.

The method of selection will be quality and cost based in accordance with the procurement
policies.
WSS reserves the right to reject any or all quotations.

Adapted from: https://www. wss.com

QUESTIONS

(i) Identify the target audience for the above sample. (1 mark)

(ii) Identify a jargon typical to this type of register. (1 mark)

(iii) State the purpose of using the jargon identified in (ii) above. (1 mark)

(iv) Identify an example of a non-linguistic feature from the sample. (1 mark)

(v) State the importance of the using non-linguistic feature identified in (iv) above. (1 mark)

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© MEHA, FY12CE 2019: ENGLISH.
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SECTION C (continued)

QUESTION 8 LANGUAGE OF NEWSPAPER REPORTING (5 marks)

Another Promising Fijian Tourism Expo On Track

- Waisea Nasokia

International buyers and media will have the Australia, New Zealand, Canada, USA, China
opportunity to meet and engage with the Fijian and the United Kingdom. FTE is the place to be
tourism industry in a way that has not been for anyone interested in the future of the Fijian
possible in the past. tourism industry,” she said.

This is at The Fijian Tourism Expo (FTE), our
tourism industry event which will be held for
three days beginning on Tuesday next week at
the Denarau Convention Centre on Denarau
Island.
Tourism Fiji’s Global Public Relations manager,
Patricia Mallam, said a total of 14 international
media will be attending Fijian Tourism Expo.
“Some international media attending are from
Ms Mallam added 152 Buyers have registered
for the event as well who are from 19 different
countries, including Fiji.
She said there will be evening networking events
giving the buyers the opportunity to meet and
socialise with everyone in the tourism industry.
Meanwhile, 11 local media outlets have
registered for the FTE as well.

Adapted from: http://www.fijisun.com

QUESTIONS

(i) What is the first paragraph of such a register known as? (1 mark)

(ii) Identify an example of a stock phrase from the above sample. (1 mark)

(iii) State the importance of using stock phrase as identified in (ii) above. (1 mark)

(iv) Identify a feature typical of this type of register (not already mentioned above). (1 mark)

(v) State why the feature mentioned in (iv) above is important in this register. (1 mark)

© MEHA, FY12CE 2019: ENGLISH.

 13.

QUESTION 9 LANGUAGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (5 marks)

PUBLIC NOTICE

CWL
 
Planned Network Maintenance for Central Division

Celtel Wireless Limited wishes to advise all its valued customers that Celtel Wireless Limited
will be carrying out an upgrade works to its core network.

This upgrade is essential and is priority of Celtel Wireless Limited to deliver better customer
service and experience.

The upgrade will be effective from midnight Sunday 10 November, 2019 and ends midnight
Monday 18 November, 2019.

As a result customers may experience minor outages to internet and voice services during this
period and will be limited to off-peak periods only.

We sincerely apologise for any inconvenience caused and customers who face prolonged
outage are requested to call our Customer Care on 003355 for further assistance.

Call 003355 or visit www.cwl.com.fj

Executive Officer Operations

Adapted from: https://www.cwlc.com

QUESTIONS

(i) State the target audience of the above sample. (1 mark)

(ii) In which section of the newspapers will you find such notices? (1 mark)

(iii) Identify one polysyllabic word from the sample. (1 mark)

(iv) State the purpose of using polysyllabic words as identified in (iii) above. (1 mark)

(v)

This is an example of a non-linguistic feature.

State a reason for using this feature in such a register. (1 mark)

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© MEHA, FY12CE 2019: ENGLISH.
 14.

SECTION D LITERATURE [30 marks]

Answer any two questions from two different genres. You are reminded that a good
answer makes useful close reference to the work(s) studied. Write the question number,
the letter option, the title(s), and the author(s)/poet(s)/playwright of the text you use
in the space provided in the Answer Booklet. Each essay question is worth 15 marks
and you should use about 180 to 200 words for the content.

Use the following mark breakdown to guide you in each essay question you answer:
§ title and poet/author/playwright of the work studied (1 mark)
§ plan (2 marks)
§ introduction (1 mark)
§ content (10 marks)
§ conclusion (1 mark)
Note the change in the mark allocation for Reading a Poem (11D) and the Drama
extract (12 D).

QUESTION 10 PROSE

With close reference to the Prose chosen, answer one option from (A) to (D) in your
Answer Booklet.

Either

(A) The ending of the story often makes us change our attitude to life.

With reference to the novel studied this year,

(i) describe the ending of the novel, and (4 marks)

(ii) discuss how it changed your attitude to life. (6 marks)

Or

(B) A good novel, through its characters, setting and theme, should
above all please and entertain readers.

With reference to the novel studied this year,

(i) explain any two of the elements from the statement above, and (4 marks)

(ii) comment how these two elements pleased and entertained its readers. (6 marks)
Or

(C) Relationships often affect the behaviour of the people.

With reference to the two short stories studied this year on the theme
Relationships,

(i) describe one relationship you admired in each short story, and (4 marks)

(ii) discuss one lesson you learnt from each relationship discussed in
(i) above. (6 marks)

© MEHA, FY12CE, 2019: ENGLISH.

 15.
Or
(D) Stories set in other societies appeal to us because they deal with issues
that are common in our own society.

With reference to the two short stories studied this year on the theme Values,

(i) describe an issue that each story reveals about the society it is set in, and (4 marks)

(ii) discuss how relevant each issue is for young people today. (6 marks)

QUESTION 11 POETRY

With close reference to the poems chosen, answer one option from (A) to (D) in your
Answer Booklet. The use of apt quotations will improve the quality of your answer.

Either

(A) The poems in Possibilities have a special meaning and relevance to

the people of the Pacific.

With reference to the two poems on the theme Social Issues,

(i) explain one idea from each poem, and (4 marks)

(ii) comment on how each idea in each poem is important for the people of
the Pacific. (6 marks)

Or

(B) Progress relates to education and poets often write about it.

With reference to the two poems on the theme Progress,

(i) describe one issue in each poem that relates to progress, and (4 marks)
(ii) discuss how each issue impacts young people’s education. (6 marks)

Or

(C) Poets express themselves using various writing techniques.

Refer to the two poems from either one of the two themes, Progress or
Social Issues to answer the following:

(i) outline one technique with an example used by the poet for the two
poems on the same theme, and (4 marks)

(ii) discuss the effect that each technique has on the readers. (6 marks)

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© MEHA, FY12CE 2019: ENGLISH.
 16.
SECTION D (continued)
Or
(D) Reading a Poem
Read the poem given below and answer the questions that follow in the Answer
Booklet. Number your answers correctly.
Perceptions
By Abimbola T. Alabi

First impressions can be strong

About those we see around.
Yet how often are they wrong?
That is the truth I've found.

5 Not all who cry are weak.

Not everyone who looks can see.
Not all who are quiet are meek.
Not all who nod agree.

Not all who snarl are cruel.

10 Not everyone generous is just.
Not everyone clumsy is a fool.
Not all who wander are lost.

We never know people's character.

In just a single instance.
15 We never know who people are
By judging from a distance.

But whether we like it or not,

We'll Source:
always behttp://www.mpoets.org
around people.
Is it better to know a few people a lot
20 Or a lot https://www.familyfriendpoems.com
Source: of people a little?

I'd rather know a few people a lot

Than a lot of people a little.
Source: https://www.familyfriendpoems.com
QUESTIONS
(i) Identify a pair of rhyme in Stanza 1. (1 mark)

(ii) Describe the mood of the poem. (2 marks)

(iii) What truth is being referred to in line 4? (2 marks)

(iv) Identify with an example one poetic device used by the poet and explain its
effect. (2 marks)

(v) Discuss the message that the poet is conveying to the readers. (3 marks)
(vi) Explain lines 21-22 in your own words. (2 marks)

(vii) Discuss how this poem has encouraged you to view life differently. (3 marks)

© MEHA, FY12CE 2019: ENGLISH.

 17.

QUESTION 12 DRAMA

With close reference to the play studied, answer one option from (A) to (D) in your
Answer Booklet.

In your essay, the use of apt quotations will improve the quality of your answer. You are
not to refer to the Act/scene given in the extract on Page 18 of this Question Paper.

Either
(A) Many characters in Drama have their loyalties tested in some
way during the play.

Choose two such characters and for each;

(i) relate an incident in which his/ her faith is tested, and (4 marks)

(ii) discuss with reasons whether he/ she passes or fails the test. (6 marks)

Or

(B) Drama can be about manipulation or deception.

With close reference to the play you have studied this year,

(i) describe a scene which was about manipulation or deception, and (4 marks)

(ii) discuss the purpose the scene you have described in (i) above serves
in the play. (6 marks)

Or

(C) Playwrights often use their work as a platform to convey important

messages to the society.

With close reference to the play you have studied this year,

(i) describe two incidents in the play you have studied that reflect two
important messages the author wishes to get across to the readers and (4 marks)

(ii) discuss how these messages are relevant to your society. (6 marks)

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© MEHA, FY12CE 2019: ENGLISH.
 18.
SECTION D (continued)

Or
(D) Extract
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow in the Answer
Booklet. Number your answers correctly.

Cassius : Yet I fear him;

For in the ingrafted love he bears to Caesar—

Brutus : Alas, good Cassius, do not think of him:

If he love Caesar, all that he can do
5 Is to himself: take thought, and die for Caesar.
And that were much he should; for he is given
To sports, to wildness and much company.

X : There is no fear in him; let him not die;

For he will live, and laugh at this hereafter.
10 [Clock strikes]

Brutus : Peace! Count the clock.

Cassius : The clock hath stricken three.

X : 'Tis time to part.

Source: UBS Publishers’ Distributors Pvt, Ltd, 2018

QUESTIONS

(i) State the title and the playwright of the above extract. (2 marks)

(ii) Who is X in the extract above? (1 mark)

(iii) Explain the importance of character X. (2 marks)

(iv) Who is Cassius referring to as ‘him’ in line 1? (1 mark)

(v) Discuss the relationship ‘him’ and Caesar seem to share. (3 marks)

(vi) Discuss what Brutus means when he says:

If he love Caesar, all that he can do
Is to himself: take thought, and die for Caesar. (3 marks)

(vii) Discuss the importance of the scene given in the extract above. (3 marks)

THE END
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COPYRIGHT: MEHA, FIJI, 2019.