Multiple Choice Review- Large Biological Molecules

1. Why is information about carbon critical to understanding the “molecules of life”?

Ca. it is the backbone of biological molecules required for life
b. it is the only element that can form triple bonds
c. it results in the theory of vitalism (organic molecules are produced only in
living organisms)
d. it is able to cause dehydration synthesis

2. Organic chemistry is the study of compounds containing _________

a. carbon and hydrogen
b. carbon and helium
c. carbon and nitrogen
d. hydrogen and nitrogen

3. What is the characteristic of carbon atoms that most contributes to its

importance to critical biological molecules?
a. the ability to bond with eight (8) other atoms
b. the ability to form hydrogen, carbon and covalent bonds
c. the ability to choose the type of molecule to produce
8d. the ability to form 4 (four) bonds producing a 3D structure
4. Why are fossil fuels, such as gasoline, considered organic compounds?
g
a. they contain both hydrogen and carbon
b. they contain hydrogen
c. they contain carbon
d. they are only produced from living organisms

5. There are two forms of hydrocarbons. Which is most able to accept new atoms
and why?
a. saturated hydrocarbons; they have double or triple bonds that can be broken
b. saturated hydrocarbon; they have single bonds only which are easier to
break *

8
c. unsaturated hydrocarbons; they have double or triple bonds that can be
broken
d. unsaturated hydrocarbons; they have single bonds only which are easier to
break saturated-single band only !
6. There are many different types of proteins created by bonding amino acids
together. How is this possible when there is a small set of amino acids?
a. each protein is composed of 1-2 unique monomers
b. each protein has exactly the same monomers
c. each protein is an arrangement of monomers in a unique manner
d. each protein acts differently depending upon the organism

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7. Monomers are bonded together by which of the following processes?
a. hydrolysis
b. non-hydration lysis
c. ionic bonding
d.
8 dehydration synthesis
8. Which of the following lists correctly identifies the characteristic structures
within an amino acid?
a. ammonia - carbon group - side chain
8
b. NH3 - COOH - side chain
c. NO2 - COH - side chain
d. N2OH- COOH - side chain

9. When proteins are formed the _____ and of one amino acid combines with the
_______ end of a second amino acid for form a ___________
a. acid; amine; monopeptide
b. amine; amine; polypeptide
c. amine; acid; monopeptide
8
d. acid; amine; polypeptide

10. There are 20 standard amino acids. How do they differ from each other?
a. the amine groups can vary
b. the carboxyl groups can vary
c. the carbons can vary
O the side chains can vary
d.

11. Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the structure of
-

proteins?
8a. shape is driven by chemistry; shape dictates function
b. shape is driven by chemistry; polarity dictates function
c. shape is driven by environment; environment dictates function
d. shape is driven by chemistry; environment dictates function

12. For which level of structure in proteins do the side chains play the biggest role?
a. secondary
8b. tertiary
c. primary
d. quaternary

13. How does a protein change during denaturation and why is this important?
a. the protein loses amino acids; the polarity may be changed
8b. the protein loses its shape; the protein cannot function
c. the protein loses HOH; dehydration synthesis cannot occur
d. the protein gains amino acids; the protein changes into a different protein

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14. Proteins play many critical roles in organisms. Which of the following pairs
correctly connects the function of a protein to its class?
a. cytoskeleton is structural; antibodies are defense
b. speed regulation is enzymes; muscles are hormonal
c. hair is storage; hemoglobin is transport
d. hormones are signaling; membrane proteins are enzymes

15. Carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Which of the following
represents the general formula for carbohydrates?
a. CxH2xOx
b. CO2xH
c. CxHxOx
d. C2xHxO2x
sucrose -
Glucose +
fructose
16. The monomer of polysaccharides is a _____________. Table sugar is an example of a
__________________.
a. monocarbohydrate; dicarbohydrate
b. disaccharide; disaccharide
c. monosaccharide; disaccharide
O d. monosaccharide; monosaccharide

17. When comparing proteins and carbohydrates, the following similarities can be
identified:
a. both consist of linked monomers via the process of hydrolysis
8b. both consist of linked monomers via the process of dehydration synthesis
c. both consist of linked amino acids via the process of hydrolysis
d. both consist of linked sugars via the process of dehydration synthesis.

18. Three types of polysaccharides are particularly important to living organisms.

They each perform functions vital to cells. Which of the following correctly
identifies two of these types of polysaccharides and their primary functions?
fa. starch, storage; glucose, energy
b. starch, cell walls; glucose, storage
c. glucose, cell walls; cellulose, energy
d. cellulose, storage by animals; glucose, storage by plants

19. One type of carbohydrate can be seen in the image below. How does its
structure reflect its function?
a. This image is of glucose as its long chain
molecules reflect its use for storage
b. This image is of starch as its long chains allows
for long term storage
c. This image is of glycogen as the cross chains
reflect its use by muscles.
8 d. This image is of cellulose as its structure reflects
its strength

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20. Nucleic acids, such as RNA, consist of monomers of __________________. Each of
these monomers consists of __________, ____________, and _______.
a. amino acids; side chain, carboxyl group, glucose
b. nucleotides; side chain, sugar, nitrate group
c. nucleotides; sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group
d. amino acids; sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group

21. There are five types of nitrogenous bases, four of which are found within DNA
molecules. These are:
a. adenine, thymine, guanine, uracil
b. adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine
c. adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
d. adenine, uracil, phosphate, ribose

22. Pair bonding occurs in DNA between purine molecules and pyrimidine
molecules. Why must this type of pairing take place?
a. The genetic sequence is found on the pyrimidine bases, so there must be a
pyrimidine in each step of the DNA ladder
b. The number of hydrogen bonds between the bases must “match” in order for
the helix to be double stranded.
c. The phosphate bonds required to hold each single strand together must
match up in order to produce the double helix.
d. The double strand is held together by peptide bonds, which allows for the
genetic code.

23. Which of the following best describes the form and function of one type of
nucleic acid?
a. RNA, a double helix, functions primarily as an archive of genetic information.
b. RNA, a single helix, functions primarily as an archive of genetic information.
c. DNA, a single helix, functions primarily as an archive of genetic information.
d. DNA, a double helix, functions primarily as an archive of genetic information.

24. The nucleotides of DNA form ___________________ bonds. _____________ bonds with
guanine and _________________ bonds with ________________.
a. oxygen; cytosine, adenine, uracil
b. hydrogen; guanine, adenine, cytosine
c. hydrogen; cytosine, adenine, thymine
d. helium; cytosine, adenine, thymine

25. Molecules may be hydrophobic, hydrophilic or amphiphilic. Lipids are either

_______________ or ____________.
a. hydrophilic, amphiphilic
b. hydrophobic, amphiphilic
c. hydrophobic, hydrophilic
d. hydrophilic, hydrophilic

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26. Fatty acids contain ___________-hydrogen bonds, making them ____________. The
phosphate “head” in a phospholipid is ______________. The entire phospholipid
molecule, therefore, is _______________.
a. carbon; hydrophobic; hydrophilic; amphiphilic
b. hydrogen; hydrophilic; hydrophilic; amphiphilic
c. carbon; hydrophilic; hydrophilic; hydrophobic
d. hydrogen; hydrophobic; hydrophobic; hydrophobic

27. The image below represents a type of lipid molecule. It is identifiable by two
characteristic smaller molecules. Identify the lipid and the smaller molecules.

http://www.green-planet-solar-energy.com
a. biglyceride; glucose, fatty acids
b. triglyceride; glycerol, fatty acids
c. triglyceride; glycerol, phospholipid
d. fatty acid; glucose; triglyceride

28. Image #1 below is of a(n) __________________ fatty acid, identifiable because of its
_______________ bond(s). Image #2 below is of a(n) ________________ fatty acid
because of its ______________ bond(s).

Image #1 Image #2

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a. saturated fat; double; unsaturated fat; single
b. saturated fat; single; unsaturated; double
c. unsaturated; double; saturated; single
d. unsaturated, single; saturated; double

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29. Soaps and detergents are able to remove oil, grease, etc from items because the
_________________ end of the soap molecule bonds with the stains while the “other”
end of the soap molecule bonds with ___________.
a. hydrophobic; water
b. hydrophobic; stains
c. hydrophilic; water
d. hydrophilic; stains

Use the table of results below to answer questions 30, 31 and 32.

Results from an experiment testing for presence of specific chemicals.

Indicators used are listed across the top of the chart.
unknown Lugol’s iodine Sudan stain Biuret reagent

1 positive negative negative

2 negative positive negative

3 negative negative positive

30. The results of the lab tests performed (shown in the data table above) indicate
that unknown #1 contains _______________. This is because the _________________
changed from light brown to blue black during the test.
a. proteins; Lugol’s
b. sugars; Biuret
c. starch; Lugol’s
d. lipids; Lugol’s

31. The results of the lab tests performed (shown in the data table above) indicate
that unknown #2 contains _______________.
a. proteins
b. glucose
c. starch
d. lipids

32. The results of the lab tests performed (shown in the data table above) indicate
that unknown #3 contains _______________. This is because the _________________
changed from blue to purple during the test.
a. proteins; Sudan
b. glucose; Biuret
c. starch; Biuret
d. proteins; Biuret

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33. We can identify whether or not a lipid is saturated or unsaturated, by its physical
state. Unsaturated fats are ______________ and saturated fats are ___________ .
a. solid, liquid
b. liquid, solid
c. liquid, less dense liquid
d. unbreakable, solid

34. Waxes and steroids are both considered to be _____________.

a. proteins
b. carbohydrates
c. lipids
d. nucleic acids

35. Protein, carbohydrate, and nucleic acid molecules are the result of smaller
molecules bonded together. The process that occurs to attach these smaller
molecules to one another is ________________ .
a. hydrolysis
b. dehydration lysis
c. hydrosynthesis
d. dehydration synthesis

36. Which protein structural level would be least affected by disruptions in the
hydrogen-bonding process?
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. quaternary

37. RNA and DNA differ in that they utilize different ___________ within their
nucleotides. RNA utilizes ____________ and DNA utilizes ____________.
a. phosphates; peptide, amino acids
b. sugars; deoxyribose, ribose
c. sugars; ribose, deoxyribose
d. R groups; glucose, galactose

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 38. The image below is of a type of biomolecule critical for life. Identify both the
type of biomolecule and the specific name of the molecule.

#3

http://www.wpclipart.com/science/atoms_molecules/molecules

a. protein; antibodies
b. carbohydrate; sucrose
c. carbohydrate; glucose
d. nucleic acid; deoxyribonucleic acid

39. The image below is of a large biomolecule. Identify this biomolecules and its
components by selecting the correct list from the choices below:

a. RNA; #1 represents the sugar, #2

represents the phosphate, #3
#3
represents the bases
b. DNA; #1 represents the sugar, #2
represents the phosphate, #3
represents the bases
c. RNA; #1 represents the sugar, #2
#2 represents the bases, #3
represents the phosphate
d. DNA; #1 represents the phosphate,
#1
#2 represents the sugar, #3
represents the bases

http://www.biology-online.org/1/5

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