General Chemistry 1

Activity Sheet
Quarter 1 – MELC 2
Week 1
Formulas of Common Chemical
Substances

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

General Chemistry 1
Activity Sheet No. 2: Formulas of Common Chemical Substances
First Edition, 2021

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western

Visayas.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical
without written permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.

Development Team of Activity Sheet

Writers: Russel V. Apiladas
Editor: Moonyeen C. Rivera
Layout Artists:
Mara Jamaica B. Floreno
Kris Dawn C. Rivera
Schools Division Quality Assurance Team:
Rona dela Torre
Moonyeen C. Rivera

Division of Cadiz City Management Team:

Ma. Lorlinie M. Ortillo
May P. Pascual
Moonyeen C. Rivera
Rona dela Torre

Regional Management Team

Ramir B. Uytico
Pedro T. Escobarte, Jr.
Elena P. Gonzaga
Donald T. Genine
Rovel R. Salcedo
Moonyeen C. Rivera
Anita S. Gubalane
Minda L. Soldevilla
Daisy L. Lopez
Joseph M. Pagalaran
Introductory Message
Welcome to General Chemistry 1!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of

the Schools Division of Cadiz and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western Visayas
through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This is
developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible
adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic
Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials

aimed to guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and
time using the contextualized resources in the community. This will also
assist the learners in acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and
attitudes for productivity and employment.

For learning facilitator:

The General Chemistry 1 Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the
leaching-learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning
Competency (MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you
and learner. This will be made available to the learners with the
references/links to ease the independent learning.

For the learner:

The General Chemistry 1 Activity Sheet is developed to help you

continue learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides
you with meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being
an active learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then
perform the activities and answer the assessments. This will be returned to
your facilitator on the agreed schedule.
Name of Learner:__________________________________________________________
Grade and Section:______________________________Date: ____________________

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1 ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 2

Formulas of Common Chemical Substances

I. Learning Competency with Code

Recognize the formulas of common chemical substances

(STEM_GC11MPIa-b-9 )

II. Background Information for Learners

Recall on how you call your friends. Some of them have full names
(lengthy names) and a pet name (direct name). These are the expressions you
use to tell others who or what you are mentioning. Their full name is like the
chemical name of a substance and their pet name is the common name of the
substance.
There are many chemicals that are most essential in daily life. These
chemicals are used either in combined form or as reagents. More than 1000
of these chemicals are used daily in everyone’s life. Chemical substances are
commonly found in your homes. You must know their formulas so that you
will be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of these substances.

Many ordinary household products relatively consist of pure elements

and compounds. You know both its common name and its chemical name.
For example, table salt is sodium chloride and sugar is sucrose. You must
know the chemical formula of the common chemical compounds to identify
one substance from the other.

Recall that a chemical formula tells you the number of atoms of each
element in a compound. It contains the symbol of the elements present as
well as how many atoms are there for each element through a subscript. The
term chemical formula typically refers to the molecular formula of a
compound.

You have also learned that the molecular formula is the true formula
of a compound. It represents the actual number of molecules in a
compound. Subscripts which are found at the lower right hand corner of a
symbol of an element represent the number of atoms. If there is no subscript,
it means one atom is present in the compound. The molecular formula of
common chemicals, such as salt, sugar, vinegar, baking soda, dry ice, alcohol,
ammonia, and water, as well as explanations for each, are discussed below.
 The name of inorganic compound will also be discussed in this
learning activity sheet. Inorganic compound is divided into four categories:
ionic compounds, molecular compounds, acids and bases and hydrates.

Naming Binary Compounds

Binary compounds contain only two different elements. Their names
have two parts: the name of the more positive element followed by the name
of the more negative element modified to end in ide. Some non-binary
compounds or ternary compounds have name ends in ide, but they are
exception to the rule.

Binary Compounds Containing Metals with Fixed Oxidation Numbers

These compounds usually consist of representative elements and are
ionic compounds. The chemical name is composed of the name of the metal
followed by the name of the nonmetal, which has been modified to an
identifying stem plus the suffix ide. These compounds may contain one atom
each of the metal and nonmetal or may contain more than one atom of the
same element as long as they contain two different elements, the name follows
the rule for binary compound.
For example, potassium chloride, KCl, is composed of one atom each of
potassium and chlorine. The full name of the metal is written first followed
by name of nonmetal, which has been modified using the stem chlor and
adding the ending ide. The compound name is potassium chloride.

Chemical formula: KCl

Elements:
Potassium (metal)
Chlorine (non-metal) - name modified to the stem chlor +
ide
Chemical name: potassium chloride

Compounds may contain more than one atom of the same element,
but as long as they contain only two different elements and if one compound
of these two elements exists, the name follows the rule for binary
compounds. Examples of these compounds are:

MgBr2 Ca3N2 Li2S

magnesium bromide calcium nitride lithium sulfide
Table 1 shows the list of some common metals with fixed oxidation number
and Table 2 shows the stems of the more negative-ion forming elements.
Table 1. Some Common Metals with Fixed Oxidation Number

Metal Metal
Ions Ions
Aluminum Al3+ Magnesium Mg2+
Barium Ba2+ Potassium K+
Cadmium Cd2+ Silver Ag+
Calcium Ca2+ Sodium Na+
Cesium Cs+ Strontium Sr2+
Lithium Li+ Zinc Zn2+

Table 2. Examples of Element Forming Negative ions

Symbol Element Stem Name
Br - Bromine Brom Bromide
C4- Carbon Carb Carbide
Cl- Chlorine Chlor Chloride
F- Fluorine Fluor Fluoride
H- Hydrogen Hydr Hydride
I- Iodine Iod Iodide
N3- Nitrogen Nitr Nitride
O2- Oxygen Ox Oxide
P3- Phosphorus Phosph Phosphide
S2- Sulfur Sulf Sulfide
`Se2- Selenium Selen Selenide
Si4- Silicon Silic Silicide
Te2- Tellurium Tellur Telluride

Example: Name the following compounds.

1. ZnCl2 - Zinc chloride
2. Ba3N2 - Barium Nitride
3. AgI - Silver iodide
4. Na2O - Sodium oxide
5. Al2O3 - Aluminum oxide
III. Activity Proper

Activity 1. Naming Inorganic Compounds

Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, name the following inorganic
compounds.
1. AlCl3
2. KBr
3. Na2Te

Activity 2. Binary Compounds Containing Metals with Variable Positive

Oxidation State

These compounds usually contain transition metals and are ionic

compounds. Their chemical name uses two commonly used systems. The
official system’ designated by the International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry (IUPAC), is known as the Stock System. In this method, the name
of the metal is given by the English name followed by the Roman numeral
placed in parentheses denoting the oxidation state of the metal. The Classical
System, which is the older method of naming binary compound used the
name of metal (usually the Latin name) modified with the suffixes ous and ic
to distinguish between metals of two variable oxidation states. The ending ous
and ic are given to compounds with lower and higher oxidation states
respectively. The negative element is treated in the usual manner for binary
compounds.

Table 3. List of some common metals that have more than one oxidation
number.

Metal Ions Stock System Name Classical Name

Cu1+ Copper(I) Cuprous

Cu2+ Copper(II) Cupric

Hg2 2+ Mercury(I) Mercurous

Hg2+ Mercury(II) Mercuric

Fe2+ Iron(II) Ferrous

Fe3+ Iron(III) Ferric

Sn2+ Tin(II) Stannous

Sn4+ Tin(IV) Stannic

Pb2+ Lead(II) Plumbous

Pb4+ Lead(IV) Plumbic

 As3+ Arsenic(III) Arsenous

As5+ Arsenic(V) Arsenic

Sb Antimony (III) Antimonous

Sb Antimony (V) Antimonic

Examples of Binary Compounds with Metals of Variable Oxidation States are listed
below:
Cu2O CuO SnBr2 SnBr4
copper (I) oxide copper (II) oxide tin (II) bromide tin (IV) oxide
cuprous oxide cupric oxide stannous bromide stannic
bromide

Directions: On a separate sheet name the following inorganic compounds with

metals of variable oxidation states using Stock and Classical System.
1. CuCl2
2. CuBr
3. FeCl3

Activity 3. Binary Compounds Containing Two Nonmetals

These compounds are usually molecular compounds. As in naming
ionic compound, nonmetal that is less electronegative are written first
followed the other nonmetal with modified binary ending -ide. Since
nonmetals usually have variable oxidation numbers, Greek prefix is
attached to the name of each element to indicate the number of atoms of
that element in the molecule. Table 4 illustrates the Greek prefixes and
their numerical equivalence used in naming binary compounds containing
two nonmetals.
These are common nonmetals arranged in order of increasing
electronegativity: Si, Bi, P, H, C, S, I, Br, N, Cl, O, F.
 Numerical Numerical
Prefix Prefix
Equivalence Equivalence

Mono- 1 Hexa- 6
Di- 2 Hepta- 7
Tri- 3 Octa- 8
Tetra- 4 Nona- 9
Penta- 5 Deca- 10

The following guidelines are helpful in naming compounds with prefixes:

The prefix mono is generally omitted for the first element except when
needed to distinguished two or more compounds such as carbon
monoxide, CO and carbon dioxide, CO2.
For oxides, the ending “a” in the prefix is sometimes omitted. For example,
P2O5 may be called diphosphorus pentoxide rather that diphosphorus
pentaoxide
Other examples are:
CCl4 S2Cl2 N2 O 4
carbon tetrachloride disulfur dichloride dinitrogen tetroxide

Exceptions to the use of Greek prefixes are compounds containing

hydrogen. These compounds are called either by their common systematic
names or names that do not specifically indicate the number of hydrogen
atoms. Here are some examples of these compounds.
Exceptions That Use ide Endings
Three notable exceptions that use the ide ending are hydroxides (OH-
), cyanides (CN-) and ammonium (NH4+) compounds. These polyatomic ions
when combined with another element take the ending ide though more than
two elements are present in a compound. Examples of these compounds are:
NH4Cl LiOH CsCN

ammonium lithium hydroxide cesium cyanide

chloride

Activity 3. Naming Binary Compounds Containing Two Non Metals

Directions: On a separate answer sheet name the following substances.
1. NH4F
2. Ba(OH)2
3. KCN
Binary Acids
Some binary compound of hydrogen when dissolved in water forms
solutions that have acid properties. These compounds are given acid names
in addition to their ide names. Binary acids are composed of hydrogen written
first followed by nonmetal. Acids use the prefix hydro and the suffix ic
attached to the name of the acid-forming element followed by the word acid.
The name assigned to the compound depends on its physical state. Consider the
examples given below:
Binary In gaseous or pure liquid In Ionic form
Compound state

HCl hydrogen chloride hydrochloric acid

H 2S hydrogen sulfide hydrosulfuric acid

Naming Ternary Compounds

Ternary compounds contain three or more elements consisting of
cations of hydrogen, metal or ammonium ion combined with negative ion or
polyatomic ions. In general, they are named using the name of the cation
followed by the name of the anion.
To name ternary compound it is necessary to know the name of such
polyatomic ions present in a compound. These ions are positively or
negatively charged group of atoms. Each polyatomic ion is a complete unit.
Never break it up or change the number. Usually these polyatomic ions
contain oxygen and have suffix ate or ite. The ate form contain more oxygen
atoms than the ite form.
Some polyatomic ions contain more than two oxygen atoms and are
named using the prefixes in addition to the suffixes. To indicate less oxygen
atom than the ite form, the prefix hypo is used. The prefix per is used for
the ion that contain more oxygen atom than the ate form. Table 5 lists some
common polyatomic ions.
Table 5. List of Common Polyatomic Ions
Oxidation Table for Polyatomic Ions
Acetate C2H3O2 - Cyanide CN - Perchlorate ClO4-

Ammonium NH4 + Dichromate Cr2O72 - Periodate IO4-

Arsenate AsO4 3 - Dihydrogen H2PO4- Permanganate MnO4-

phosphate
Bicarbonate/
Hydrogen HCO3- Hydroxide OH- Peroxide O22 -
carbonate
 Bisulfate/
Hydrogen HSO4- Hypobromite BrO- Phosphate PO43-
sulfate

Bisulfite/
HSO3- Hypochlorite ClO- Phosphite PO33-
Hydrogen sulfite

Borate BO3 3 - Hypoiodite IO- Pyrophosphate P2O7 4-

Bromate BrO3- Iodate IO3- Silicate SiO3 2-

SnO3
Bromite BrO2- Iodite IO2- Stannate 2-

Carbonate CO32- Nitrate NO3- Sulfate SO42-

Chlorate ClO3- Nitrite NO2- Sulfite SO32-

Chlorite ClO2- Oxalate C2O42- Thiocyanate SCN-

Chromate CrO42- Perbromate BrO4- Thiosulfate S2O32-

Ternary Acids or Oxyacids

Oxyacids are acids consisting of hydrogen, oxygen and another

central element. The formulas of the oxyacids are usually written with
hydrogen first followed by the negative polyatomic ions.
To name oxyacids, the ite ending of the polyatomic ion is change to ous
and the ate ending to ic as given by the examples below:
H3PO4(aq) HC2H3O2(aq) HMnO4(aq)
Phosphoric acid Acetic acid Permanganic acid
H3PO3(aq) H2SO3(aq) HNO2(aq)
Phosphorous acid Sulfurous acid Nitrous acid

Activity 4. Naming Ternary Acids

Directions: On a separate sheet name the following acids.
1. HClO2
2. HBrO4
3. H2CrO4 l

Ternary Salt
A salt is formed when the hydrogen of an acid is replaced by a metal or
ammonium ion. The name of the cation (metal or ammonium) is given first
followed by the name of polyatomic anion with ite or ate ending, as illustrated
by the examples below:
 KIO potassium FeSO4 iron(II) sulfate or ferrous sulfate
hypoiodite
KIO2 potassium iodite Fe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfate or ferric sulfate
KIO3 potassium iodate FeSO3 iron(II) sulfite or ferrous sulfite
KIO4 potassium Fe2(SO3)3 iron(III) sulfite or ferric sulfite
periodate

Salt with more than one kind of positive ion is named by giving the
names of each of the positive group and then the anion. These salts are
formed from acids that contain two or more acid hydrogen atoms by replacing
one or more of the hydrogen atoms with metal.
Consider the following examples:

NaHS NaHCrO4
sodium hydrogen sulfide or sodium sodium hydrogen chromate
bisulfide
KH2PO4
potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Activity 5. Naming Ternary Salts
Directions: On a separate answer sheet name the following ternary salts.
1. BaCrO4
2. NaIO3
3. Ca3(BO3)2

Bases
Inorganic bases consist of metal and the hydroxide ion, OH-. For the
metal name it uses the stock system or the Roman numeral system for
variable positive valence of metals followed by the word hydroxide. Examples of
which are:

NaOH Fe(OH)3
sodium hydroxide iron(III) hydroxide or ferric hydroxide
Activity 6. Naming Bases
Directions: On a separate answer sheet name the following inorganic bases.
1. Ba(OH)2
2. Ca(OH)2
3. Cu(OH)2

Hydrates
Hydrates are compounds that have specific number of water molecules
attached to them. Greek prefixes are used to indicate the number of water
molecules attached to the compound. The following examples are:

BaCl2 . 2H2O MgSO4 . 7H2O

Barium chloride dihydrate Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate
Activity 7. Naming Hydrates
Directions: On a separate sheet of paper name the following hydrates.
1. K2SO4 • 5H2O
2. MgS • 2H2O
3. NaCl • 6H2O

V. Reflection:

Complete the statements below:

I understand______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

I don’t understand _______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

I need more information about ____________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Answer Key

3. Sodium chloride hexahydrate

3. Potassium cyanide
2. Barium hydroxide
1. Ammonium fluoride
Activity 3
Ferric chloride Activity 6
3. Iron (III) chloride
Cuprous bromide
2. Copper (I) bromide
Cupric chloride
1. Copper (II) chloride
Activity 2
2. Magnesium sulfide dihydarte
1. Potassium sulfate pentahydrate
Activity 7
3. Copper(II)hydroxide/cupric hydroxide
2. Calcium hydroxide
1. Barium hydroxide
3. Calcium borate
2. Sodium iodate
1. Barium chromate
Activity 5

3. Sodium telluride 3. Chromic acid

2. Potassium bromide 2. Perbromic acid
1. Aluminum chloride 1. Chlorous acid
Activity 1 Activity 4
VII. Links and/Other References

Google. “Chem.libretext.org.” Access November 11, 2020

https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Remixer_University/Old_Remixes/Use
rname%3A_DanielBerger/Karty_Chapter_1_remix/1%3A_Chapter_1._Atomic
_and_Molecular_Structure/05%3A_Lewis_Dot_Structures_and_the_Octet_Ru
le/5.1%3A_Development_of_Chemical_Bonding_Theory

Google. “chemicalbook.com.” Access November 11, 2020

https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_cb5852622.
htm

Google. “Chemistry the Central Science, Chapter 8, Section 7.” Access Nov. 11,
2020
https://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/3311/3391006/blb0807.ht
ml

Google. “Clutch Prep.com.” Access November 11, 2020

https://www.clutchprep.com/questions/13254/what-shape-do-you-expect-
for-each-of-the-following-molecules-or-ions-sbf5-a-square-pyramidal-b-
seesaw

Google. “Lumen Chemistry: Atom.” Access November 11, 2021

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-chem-atoms-
first/chapter/formal-charges-and-resonance/

Google. “saylordotorg.github.io.” Access November 11, 2020

https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_introductory-chemistry/s13-05-
violations-of-the-octet-rule.html

Google. “Socratic.Org”. Access November 14, 2020

https://socratic.org/questions/5a119145b72cff63bea653d6