General Chemistry 1

Activity Sheet
Quarter 1 – MELC 6
Week 2
Chemical Formulas, Structural
Formulas, and Models of
Compounds

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

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General Chemistry 1
Activity Sheet No. 3: Chemical Formulas, Structural Formulas and Models
of Compounds
First Edition, 2021

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

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This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western

Visayas.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or
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Development Team of Activity Sheet

Writers: Russel V. Apiladas

Editor: Moonyeen C. Rivera
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Kris Dawn C. Rivera

Schools Division Quality Assurance Team:

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Moonyeen C. Rivera

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May P. Pascual
Moonyeen C. Rivera
Rona dela Torre

Regional Management Team

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Pedro T. Escobarte, Jr.
Elena P. Gonzaga
Donald T. Genine
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Moonyeen C. Rivera
Anita S. Gubalane
Minda L. Soldevilla
Daisy L. Lopez
Joseph M. Pagalaran

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Introductory Message
Welcome to General Chemistry 1!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts

of the Schools Division of Cadiz and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western
Visayas through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division
(CLMD). This is developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers,
parents and responsible adults) in helping the learners meet the standards
set by the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials

aimed to guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace
and time using the contextualized resources in the community. This will
also assist the learners in acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge
and attitudes for productivity and employment.

For learning facilitator:

The General Chemistry 1 Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the
teaching learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning
Competency (MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between
you and learner. This will be made available to the learners with the
references/links to ease the independent learning.

For the learner:

The General Chemistry 1 Activity Sheet is developed to help you

continue learning even if you are not in school. This learning material
provides you with meaningful and engaging activities for independent
learning. Being an active learner, carefully read and understand the
instructions then perform the activities and answer the assessments. This
will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed schedule.

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Name of Learner:__________________________________________________________
Grade and Section:___________________________Date: _______________________

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1 ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 6

Chemical Formulas, Structural Formulas and Models of Compounds

I. Learning Competency with Code

Represent compounds using chemical formulas, structural formulas and
models (STEM_GC11AMIc-e-21)

II. Background Information for Learners

Knowing how atoms in a molecule are arranged and how they are bonded
together is very important in giving the molecule its identity. It is also
important for you to understand the significance of how to write chemical
formulas for you to know information about a chemical compound.

Compounds are represented by chemical formulas. Elements in a

compound are represented by chemical symbols, and the ratio of different
elements is represented by subscripts. There are two types of inorganic
compounds: ionic compounds and covalent compounds.

Ionic compounds are compounds in which positive metal ions and

negative nonmetal ions are joined by ionic bonds. In these compounds, the
chemical symbol for the positive metal ion is written first, followed by the
symbol for the negative nonmetal ion.

For example:

1. The ionic compound lithium fluoride consists of a ratio of one lithium ion
(Li+) to one fluoride ion (F-). What is the chemical formula for this
compound? Answer: The chemical formula is LiF.

To deepen your understanding about ionic compound you may watch

YouTube using the link below.
Watch https://youtu.be/vscoYh6m46M

Covalent compounds are compounds in which nonmetals are joined by

covalent bonds. In these compounds, the element that is farther to the left in
the periodic table is written first, followed by the element that is farther to the
right. If both elements are in the same group of the periodic table, the one with
the higher period number is written first.

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For example:
1. A molecule of the covalent compound nitrogen dioxide consists of one
nitrogen atom (N) and two oxygen atoms (O). What is the chemical
formula for this compound?
Answer: The chemical formula is NO2.

To deepen your understanding about covalent compound you may

watch YouTube using the link below.
Watch https://youtu.be/ZTMHbKtgI-M

Chemical formula provide information about how many atoms of a

particular element are in a molecule. It is use to express the composition of
molecules and ionic compounds in terms of chemical symbol. By
composition, it means not only the elements present but also the ratios in
which the atoms are combined. For example, CO2 is the formula for carbon
dioxide that consists of 1 atom of C and 2 atoms of O. In a formula, a subscript
is a number written slightly below and to the right of the symbol. It represents
the number of atoms of the element it follows. A coefficient is the number
written before the formula or symbol that represents the number of moles or
molecules. Example, 4CO2 means there are 4 moles or molecules of carbon
dioxide.

The table below shows four examples of compounds and their chemical
formulas. The first two compounds are ionic compounds, and the second two
are covalent compounds. Each formula shows the ratio of ions or atoms that
make up the compound.
Table 1: Examples of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Name of Type of Ratio of Ions or Atoms of Each Chemical

Compound Compound Element Formulas

Sodium
ionic 1 sodium ion (Na+) 1 bromine ion (Br-) NaBr
bromide

Calcium
ionic 1 calcium ion (Ca2+) 2 fluoride ions (F-) CaF2
fluoride

Hydrogen
covalent 2 hydrogen atoms (H) 2 oxygen atoms (O) H2O2
peroxide

Carbon
covalent 1 carbon atom (C) 4 chlorine atoms (Cl) CCl4
tetrachloride

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III. Activity Proper:
Activity 1:
Directions: In a separate sheet of paper, copy and complete the table below.

Name of Type of Ratio of Ions or Atoms of Each Chemical

Compound Compound Element Formulas

Potassium
ionic 1 potassium ion (K+) 1 chlorine ion (Cl-)
chloride

Barium
ionic 1 barium ion (Ba2+) 2 fluoride ions (F-)
fluoride

Dicarbon
covalent 2 carbon atoms (C) 3 fluorine atoms (F)
trifluoride

Sulfur
covalent 1 sulfur atom (S) 4 oxygen atoms (O)
tetroxide

Silver
AgCl
chloride

Lithium oxide Li2O

Calcium
Ca2I
iodide

Diphosphorus
P2O5
pentoxide

Dinitrogen
N2O3
trioxide

Carbon
CO2
dioxide

In order to understand the chemistry of organic compounds, it is

necessary to know their structure. The structure of a molecule is represented
by a structural formula that shows the arrangement of atoms and bonds.
Structural formulas identify the location of chemical bonds between the
atoms of a molecule. A structural formula consists of symbols for the atoms
connected by short lines that represent chemical bonds—one, two, or three
lines representing single, double, or triple bonds, respectively.

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 For example, the structural formula of ethane (CH3CH3) is

This structural signifies that the compound consists of two carbon

atoms each linked to the other and to three hydrogen atoms by single bonds.
Structural formulas are particularly useful for showing how compounds with
the identical kind and number of atoms differ.
To deepen your understanding about structural formula of a
compound, you may watch YouTube using the link below.

Watch https://youtu.be/TSZZQchTWcE

Activity 2:

Directions: On a separate sheet of paper give the chemical formula of a

compound given the following structural formula.

1. 6.

2. 7.

3. 8.

4. 9.

10.
5.

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 In as much as the structure is so important in understanding chemical
reactions, chemists use models of molecules that can be constructed
manually and then viewed from a variety of angles. Molecular model is a
scale model showing the arrangement of atoms in a molecule. Molecular
models fall into three basic categories: ball-and-stick, skeletal, and space-
filling.
There are two standard types of molecular models which are currently
in use, the ball-and-stick model and the space-filling model.

The ball-and-stick model is a molecular model of a chemical

substance which is to display both the three-dimensional position of the
atoms and the bonds between them. The atoms are typically represented by
spheres, connected by rods which represent the bonds. The “sticks” represent
a pair of valence electrons shared between two atoms. The number of holes
in each ball represents the number of shared electron pairs that the atom
normally requires to become stable.

Space filling model is a graphic or physical representation of a

molecule in which the atoms are partial spheres that have diameters
proportional to those of the real atoms and that are joined directly to one
another. The table below shows the difference between ball-and-stick model
and the space-filling model.
Table 2: Difference between Ball-and-stick and the Space-filling Model

To deepen your understanding about structural formula of a compound, you

may watch YouTube using the link below.
Watch
https://youtu.be/L7qFL1D6wvI?t=231

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Activity 3:
Direction: Using a modeling clay or small plastic balls make a ball-and-
stick and a space-filling models of the following compound.
1. CO2 6. CHCl3
2. NH3 7. CCl4
3. O3 8. H2S
4. H2O2 9. H2O
5. NO2 10. NH4

V. Reflection:
Complete the statements below:

I understand ______________________________________________________________

I don’t understand _______________________________________________________

I need more information about_____________________________________________

VI. Answer Key

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VII. Links and/Other References

Google. “flexbooks.ck12.org” Access June 06, 2021

https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-middle-school-physical-science-
flexbook-
2.0/section/5.3/primary/lesson/chemical-formula-ms-ps

Google. “britannica.com.” Access June 06, 2021

https://www.britannica.com/science/chemical-formula#ref6382

Google. “google.com.” Access June 11, 2021

https://www.google.com/search?q=molecular+models&rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH91
2PH9
12&oq=molecular+models&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l8j0i10.11777j0j7&sourceid=ch
rome &ie=UTF-8

Google. “google.com.” Access June 11, 2021

https://www.google.com/search?q=space-
filling+model+definition+chemistry&rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH912PH912&source=ln
ms&tb
m=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjBiqecupTxAhXJDaYKHZqHCBkQ_AUoAXoECAE
QA w&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=Bsl8W3xbs9O0GM