General Chemistry 1

Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Properties of Matter
General Chemistry 1 – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Properties of Matter
First Edition, 2020

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General Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Properties of Matter
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Chemistry 1 - Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode

(ADM) Module on Properties of Matter!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or

facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum

while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also

aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into

consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the

body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this

module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to

manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist

the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

ii
For the learner:

Welcome to the General Chemistry 1 - Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode

(ADM) Module on Properties of Matter!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies
and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module is designed and written to help you know more about the properties of
matter.

After this module, you are expected to learn:

1. use properties of matter to identify substances and to separate them
(STEM_GC11MPIa-b-5).
a. distinguish the properties of matter whether physical or chemical properties.;
b. identify substances by knowing the physical or/and chemical properties.; and
c. determine the properties of matter used in separating substances.

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 What I Know

A. Read and answer the statements carefully. Match column A to column B. Write
the letter of your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

A B
1. It is the tendency of a substance to undergo chemical a. solubility
reaction.
2. It can only be determined if there is a change in b. reactivity
molecular structure of a substance.
3. It is the degree to which a substance dissolves in a c. volume
solvent to make a solution.
4. The temperature at which a material changes from a d. chemical property
solid to a liquid.
5. It can be measured by the amount of space that a e. melting point
substance or an object takes up.

B. Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is incorrect.

6. You cannot use extensive properties to tell one substance from another because
two very different objects can have the same extensive properties.

7. Density, boiling point, area and electrical conductivity are properties that can be
used to identify an unknown substance.

8. If you know the intensive property of an unknown substance like density,

melting point, boiling point etc., just compare it and you will identify the name of
elements you have.

9. A chemist can make predictions about the type or reactions to expect if they
know the properties of a certain substance.

10. Chemical change must occur for a chemical property to be observed and
measured.

11. Iron and steel have the same magnetic properties. You cannot separate them
when place in one container.

12. Filter paper is used to separate solid particles from a liquid substance.

13. To identify an unknown substance, you must consider its physical properties.

14. You can separate rocks from sand by its texture.

15. Hydrogen peroxide will gradually break down to water and oxygen if it is
exposed to light.

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 Lesson
Identifying and Separating
1 Unknown Substances

To begin with the new lesson, you are required to do the activity below to check your
prior knowledge about classification of matter, physical and chemical change for you
to learn the new learning competencies.

What’s In

A. Classify the following substances whether it is a pure substance, or a mixture

then write (E) if it is an element, (C) compound, (S) homogeneous mixture/solution,
or (HE) heterogeneous mixture. Put your answers in a separate sheet of paper.
Ex. Sulfur - pure substance/ E
1. Oil and water 3. carbon dioxide 5. gold
2. oxygen gas 4. Soy sauce

B. Identify the following whether it is a physical change or a chemical change.

6. boiling water 8. melting an ice 10. rusting of iron
7. burning of wood 9. tearing a piece of paper

C. Write T if the statement is true and F it is false.

11. Combining hydrogen and oxygen to produce water is a physical change.
12. Breaking up concrete cement is a chemical change.
13. When sand being washed out to sea from the beach, it is a chemical change.
14. When ice cream melts, a physical change happens.
15. Acid rain damaging a marble statue is a chemical change.

Notes to the Teacher

This module prepares students to know more using properties of
matter to identify and separate substances.

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 What’s New

Let us have a situation, there is a glass of unknown liquid in your refrigerator

and you want to know what it is. It appears like milk, but you are uncertain. How
could you identify it? After all, you will not try to taste an unknown substance
because you are not sure if it is safe. There are several properties aside from taste
that you could use to determine the substance which will discuss in this module.
Properties such as color, odor, texture, density, boiling point and freezing
point can be observed and measured. Some of these properties might be enough for
you to tell if it is a white liquid in a glass a coconut milk, or a cow milk in determining
other colorless liquids as required for additional tests. The tests would rely on the
same idea of measuring and comparing the properties of an unknown with something
that is already known.
Describe the following white powders by giving the observed properties of each
substances in the table below. Use separate sheet of paper.

Salt Sugar Baking Soda Cornstarch

Color Grain Size Texture

Salt
Sugar
Baking Soda
Cornstarch
Answer the following questions.

1. Do all white powders have something in common?

2. Are they physical or chemical properties? Why?
3. What do you think is the reaction of the white powders to water/ vinegar?

Reaction to water Reaction to vinegar

Salt
Sugar
Baking Soda
Cornstarch

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 What is It

You can classify properties of matter by telling it whether extensive or

intensive and physical or chemical properties. Physical properties are those that
can be identified directly without changing the identity or composition of a material
(Metcalfe, Williams, and Castka, 1986, 11). The two classifications of physical
properties are intensive and extensive properties. The difference between intensive
and extensive properties is the dependence on the amount of matter. Intensive
properties like density, heating properties and solubility do not depend on the
amount of matter. Extensive properties such as mass, length and volume depend
on the amount of matter in a sample.

Examples of Extensive Properties

1. Area
It is the measure of a surface using length measurements in
two dimensions.

2. Length
It is the measure of the distance between any two points at the
extreme ends of the object. You can describe an object by
knowing its length. It is also needed to measure some of the
object’s area and volume.

3. Height
It is the measurement from the base of an object to its top. The
height of an object can be used to describe some substance or an
object.

4. Mass
The amount of matter in an object. If the volume is given and you
measured the mass of an unknown substance, you can now solve
for its density that will lead to identifying a substance.

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5. Shape
It can be described as the form of an object or its outline.
The different basic shapes such as oval, square, rectangle
etc. are called two- dimensional while in three-dimensional,
examples are prism, cylinder, sphere etc. Some substances
can be determined by its shape like coins, boxes etc.

6. Volume
It can be measured by the amount of space that a substance
or an object takes up. Knowing the volume of a solution will
help you identify the density of an unknown substance if its
mass is given that will make you know what substance it is.

7. Width
It is the measure of distance from side to side.

REMINDER!

The mass and volume are both extensive properties but if you compute for the ratio
between two extensive properties the result will be an intensive property. Extensive
properties are best for describing a substance. You cannot use extensive properties
to tell one substance from another because two very different objects can have the
same extensive properties. For example, a kilogram of feathers and a kilogram of
nails are the same in terms of mass.

Examples of Intensive Properties

1. Boiling point
It is the temperature at which it changes from liquid to gas. The
boiling point helps identify and characterize a substance. For
example, water has a boiling point of 100 degree-Celsius. If a non-
volatile solute like salt is added to water, the boiling point of the
solution will raise.

2. Color
It is the feature of an object that can be described by its hue,
saturation, and lightness. A flame test is used to identify a substance
for example calcium’s color is orange-red, barium-pale green, copper-
blue green etc.

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3. Density
Define as the ratio between mass and volume. To know the density
of a substance, you can use the equation below.
ρ=m/v
ρ = density
m = mas
v = volume
Once you determine the density of an unknown substance, compare
it with the densities of known substances to know the possible name
of it.
4. Ductility
It is the ability of matter to stretch under stress. Aluminum, copper
and steel are examples of ductile metals.

5. Electrical conductivity
The electrical conductivity of substances varies with one another.
Some are better some are not. This explains that the substance
allows electric charge to move easily. Copper wire is the most used
to carry electricity in our households because of its good
conductivity. We can tell an unknown substance if we have the
proper equipment to test the electrical conductivity of it then
compare it with the known substances.
6. Magnetic Properties
Magnets can attract some substances but with limitations. It can
be used in picking a paper clip but not a plastic button or a
matchstick. There are many magnetic elements like iron, cobalt,
steel, nickel etc.

7. Malleability
The ability of matter to be bent or hammered into thin sheets
without falling into pieces. Examples of these malleable metals
are gold, iron, aluminum, copper, silver, and lead.

8. Melting point
The temperature at which a material change from a solid to a
liquid is called the melting point. If you have got very pure crystals,
you can use their melting point to figure out which of several
possible chemicals you have got.

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9. Odor
It is the property of a substance that triggers the sense of smell.
You can identify a substance by smelling it and knowing the
properties of it.

10. Solubility
Solubility is a degree to which a substance dissolves in a solvent
to make a solution. It is measured by finding the maximum
amount of solute dissolved in a solvent at equilibrium.

11. Temperature
It is the quality of being hot. Substances respond to heating in
different ways. Some warm-up very quickly just to increase
temperature. Aluminum and iron are the best material for making
pots and pans because they conduct heat well.

12. Texture
The physical feel of something. It can be rough, smooth, fuzzy etc.
You can tell a substance by merely feeling it.

REMINDER!
To tell whether a physical property is intensive or extensive, take two identical
samples of a substance and put them together. If the property is double (e.g., twice
the mass, twice as long), it is an extensive property. If the property is unchanged by
altering the sample size, it is an intensive property.

Chemical Properties
It can only be determined if there is a change in the molecular structure of a
substance. These properties aid scientists to categorize samples, identify unknown
materials, and purify substances. A chemist can make predictions about the type of
reactions to expect if they know the properties of a certain substance. Always
remember that a chemical change must occur for a chemical property to be observed
and measured. This is different from a physical property because its characteristic
may be observed and measured without changing the chemical identity of a
specimen. Chemical properties are not readily seen that is the reason why chemical
containers have labels indicating their chemical property. Hazard labels based on
chemical properties should be affixed to containers to remind the consumers about

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the safe handling of them. For example, the LPG tank has a label of flammability,
muriatic acid has a label of toxicity, etc.

Chemical Properties
1. Reactivity
It is the tendency of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction, either
by itself or with other materials, and to release energy.

2. Flammability
It is the ability of a chemical to burn or ignite, causing fire or
combustion.

3. Toxicity
It is the degree to which a chemical substance can damage a living
organism.

4. Acidity & Basicity

Acidity describes the amount of acid in a substance.
Basicity -It is the condition of being a base.

5. Radioactivity
It is the act of emitting radiation spontaneously.

You always use the properties of a substance to identify it. You can tell the
difference between a folded pad paper and a folded piece of tissue because one is firm
and smooth and the other is soft. You can tell a one-peso coin from a five-peso coin
without looking at them. You can conclude it by feeling the shapes and comparing
the sizes.

Properties Used for Identifying a Substance

Properties Examples
Color  Aluminum metal is gray-colored.
 A pure gold is slightly reddish yellow.
 Silver is metallic gray in color.
Boiling point  Water has a boiling point of 100°C.

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  Aluminum has a boiling point of 2519 °C
 Iron has a boiling point of 2861°C
 Helium has a boiling point of -268.9 °C
Density  Water (H2O) has a density of 1 g/mL.
 Helium has a density of 0.1785 g/mL at 0°C
 Lead’s density is 11.34 g/mL
Ductility  Most metals can be drawn out into the thinnest
wire like copper and gold.
Electrical conductivity  Electrical conductivity of copper is 58.0-58.9
MS/m (m/Ωmm2) 100.0 – 101.5% IACS at 20°C
Magnetic Properties  The magnetism of the iron group of metals is a rare
and remarkable property.
Malleability  Gold is malleable, so it can be flattened into
extremely thin sheets.
Melting point  Aluminum has a melting point of 660°C.
 Melting point of ethanol is -114.1 °C.
 Gold’s melting point is 1,064 °C.
Solubility  Salt is soluble in the water. The maximum
solubility of NaCl in water at 25 °C is 357 mg/mL.

REMINDER!
Some of the intensive properties of elements can be found in a periodic table. If you
know the intensive property of an unknown substance like density, melting point,
boiling point etc., just compare it to your data and you will identify the name of
elements you have.

Separating substances using the properties of the matter.

Materials may be separated from each other by their differences

such as size, state of matter, electrical conductivity, solubility,
melting point, density etc. You can separate rocks from sand by
its size.

Imagine you have a bag full of cans and you want it to be recycled.
The junk shop accepts only aluminum cans. Some can contain
steel. If you just look at them, it is hard for you to determine
aluminum cans. How could you separate them? The answer is
they have different magnetic properties. You get a magnet to test
each can. It contains steel if the magnet sticks to the can.

Not all mixtures contain liquid alone, but some mixtures contain
solids mixed with liquids. In separating solid from liquid, a filter
can be used. An example of this is a teabag. The paper filter will
allow the liquid water to mix with water in a cup to mix with the
tea. It happens because the water molecules are too small to pass
through the paper filter. The chunks of tea will not pass through
the filter and it will remain inside the teabag. Another example is

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when you put a filter in your faucet at your home. It will filter the impurities found
in water.

If you want to separate salt and sand, simply add water on them
and stir it. The salt will dissolve in water while the sand settles at
the bottom. Afterward, pour it in a separate container and you will
observe the heavier particle which is the sand will remain in the
first container. We use the idea of the mass of each particle to
separate them.

Hydrogen peroxide is commonly used disinfectant for minor cuts and

scrapes. It is always found in a medicine cabinet in some homes. It is
always kept in a dark brown bottle because hydrogen peroxide needs to
be protected from light. Its chemical property, the reactivity to light is
strong. It will gradually break down to water and oxygen if it is exposed
to light. This is called a decomposition reaction. It occurs when one
reactant breaks down into two or more products.

There are several important reasons why learning the properties of matter to identify
and separate substances is a must. One of them is to make a substance safe to
consume like drinking water. In order to produce safe drinking water, employees at
a water-treatment plant must separate many of the substances that are mixed in
with the water.

Process of Drinking Water Treatment Plant Steps:

A chemical is
added to the water
that causes the
larger particles to
stick together. They
settle to the bottom
of the water, where
they can be
removed.
The water is run
Finally, another
through a series of
chemical, chlorine,
special molecular
is added to
filters. Each filter
disinfect the water
removes smaller
and make it safe to
particles than the
drink.
one before.

Water-treatment plant use the properties of the substances found in water to

produce the clean water that flows from your tap.

What’s More

A. Identify the following whether it is a physical or a chemical property. Write P if it

is physical property and C if it a chemical property.

1. Texture 4. Toxicity
2. Flammability 5. Area
3. Odor

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B. Identify the substance being described in each statement.
6. It is gray colored and has a boiling point of 2519 °C.
7. It has a boiling point of 100°C and density of 1 g/mL.
8. It is malleable and at the same a ductile metal with 1,064 °C melting point.
9. It has a density of 0.1785 g/mL at 0°C and boiling point of -268.9 °C.
10. It is a good conductor of electricity and a ductile material.

C. Supply the word/s or phrase/s needed to complete the process of water-

treatment plant.
A chemical is
added to the water The water is run
that causes the through a series of Finally, another
(1)_______ to stick special molecular chemical, (4)
together. They (3) ______. Each ________, is added
filter removes to (5) _______ the
(2) ______to the smaller particles water and make it
bottom of the than the one safe to drink.
water, where they before.
can be removed.

What I Have Learned

Supply the missing word/s or phrases to complete the summary of the lesson.

In this lesson, you have learned that an unknown substance can be identified by
knowing the properties of it. 1.__________is one of the physical properties such as
length, shape, mass and volume that depend on the amount of substance present
on it. They are not useful in the identification of a substance.

2. ______________properties like density, solubility, electrical conductivity, melting

point, heating and magnetic properties are independent of the amount of substance
which is being examined. These properties are called 3. _________. They are used to
identify a substance.

Chemical properties include 4. _____________, 5. ____________ , 6. _____________ ,

7. _______________ , 8. ______________ , 9. ___________.

Examples of intensive properties used in identifying a substance are 11.___________,

boiling point, 12. __________________, 13.___________________, electrical conductivity,
magnetic properties, malleability, melting point and solubility.

You can separate substances by using a certain object like a 14. _______________ or
paper 15. __________. These can be done in our everyday life. Knowing the properties
of matter will help us to identify the needed tools in separating unknown substances.

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 What I Can Do

Design your own experiment!

Put your answers in a separate sheet of paper.
How can you separate iron fillings and salt place in one container?
A. List all the materials to be used in the experiment
B. Make your own procedure.
C. Have a conclusion by answering the questions below.

C1. Are you successful in your own procedure? If you are going to perform the
separation again, will you change your procedure? Why?
C2. How would you know that properties of matter help separate unknown
substances? How would it help?
C3. What are the properties you used in separating the substances?

17
 Assessment

Read the questions carefully and write the letter of your correct answer in a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following best describe reactivity?

a. It is the act of emitting radiation spontaneously.
b. It is the ability of a chemical to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.
c. It is the degree to which a chemical substance can damage a living organism.
d. It is the tendency of a substance to undergo chemical reaction, either by itself or
with other materials, and to release energy.
2. Which of the following is NOT true about chemical properties?
a. It can only be determined if there is a change in molecular structure of a
substance.
b. Chemical change must occur for a chemical property to be observed and
measured.
c. Chemical properties are not readily seen that is the reason why chemical
containers have labels indicating its chemical property.
d. Chemical properties are those that can be identified directly without changing
the identity or composition of a material.
3. Which of the following is used to determine an unknown substance?
a. density b. area c. shape d. volume
4. Which of the following is NOT an example of intensive property?
a. Density b. Electrical conductivity c. Mass d. Melting point
5. Copper wire is the most used to carry electricity in our households because it
has good ________________________.
a. melting point b. boiling point c. Heat conductivity d. electrical conductivity
6. It is the degree to which a chemical substance can damage a living organism.
a. Acidity b. Basicity c. Flammability d. Toxicity
7. What are you going to use to separate aluminum cans from cans containing
steel?
a. Multi-meter tester b. Magnet c. thermometer d. Boil them
8. Which of the following is used to separate solid from liquid?
a. magnet b. Filter paper c. Hot water d. Refrigerator
9. Intensive and extensive properties are both ______________________.
a. Physical properties c. Type of solubility
b. Chemical Properties d. Physical and Chemical Properties
10. It is the act of emitting radiation spontaneously.
a. Acidity b. Basicity c. Flammability d. Radioactivity
11. What is the best tool to separate sand from salt?
a. magnet b. comb c. Thermometer d. Multi-meter
12. It is the ability of a chemical to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.
a. Acidity b. Basicity c. Flammability d. Radioactivity
13.It is best in describing unknown substance.

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a. Extensive Properties c. Chemical Properties
b. Intensive Properties d. Physical Properties
14. If the property is _______________ by altering the sample size, it is an intensive
property.
a. changed b. unchanged c. moved d. not moved
15. To identify an unknown substance, knowing _________ is the most important
thing to do.
a. boiling point b. melting point c. electrical conductivity d. all of these

Additional Activities

19
 20
Additional Assessment: What I What I Have
Activities: Can Do: Learned:
1. d
1. ductility 2. d Answer 1. Extensive
2. magnetic 3. a 2. Physical
properties 4. c s may 3. Intensive
3. acidity 5. d 4. reactivity
4. temperature 6. d vary. 5. flammability
5. melting point 7. b 6. toxicity
6. flammability 8. b 7.acidty
7.toxicity 9. a 8. basicity
8.color 10. d 9. radioactivity
9. texture 11. a 10. boiling point
10.solubility 12. c 11. density
13. a 12. color
14. b 13. ductility
15. d 14. magnet
15. filter
What’s In: What I Know:
What’s More:
What’s New:
1. mixture/HE A.
1. P
2. pure substance/ E 1. b
2. C Answers may vary.
3. pure substance / C 2. d
3. P
4.mixture/S 3. a
4. C
5. pure substance/E 4. e
5. P
6. physical change 5. c
6. Aluminum
7. chemical change B.
7. Water
8. physical change 6. True
8. Gold
9. physical change 7. False
9. Helium
10. chemical change 8. True
10. Copper
11.F 9. True
11. larger
12. F 10. True
12. settle
13. F 11. False
13. filters
14. T 12.True
14. chlorine
15. T 13.True
15. disinfect
14. False
15. True
Answer Key
References
Abistado, Jonna, Mary Anne Bascara, Meliza Valdoz, Marianne Bagunu, and
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