Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank

Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition
Patton Test Bank

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Chapter 10: Skin
Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 10th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following vitamins is(are) absorbed through the skin?

a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin D
c. Vitamin K
d. All of the above
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 191
TOP: Functions of the Skin
2. Which of the following is not a function of the skin?

a. Defense against disease organisms
b. Synthesis of vitamin E
c. Regulation of body temperature
d. Excretion of water and salts
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 191 TOP: Functions of the Skin
3. The superficial outer layer of the epidermis is the stratum:

a. basale.
b. lucidum.
c. corneum.
d. granulosum.
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 184
TOP: Cell Layers
4. Of the five epidermal cell layers, the only one that can undergo mitosis is the stratum:
a. basale.
b. lucidum.
c. corneum.
d. granulosum.
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 183
TOP: Cell Layers
5. The area referred to as true skin is the:

a. stratum corneum.
b. subcutaneous layer.
c. dermis.
d. hypodermis.
TOP: Dermis
6. The hypodermis:
a. connects the dermis to underlying tissues.
b. is the layer of skin in which hair is produced.
c. connects the dermis and the epidermis.
d. is the layer of skin in which the nails are produced.
TOP: Hypodermis
7. In what area of the body would you expect to find an especially thick stratum corneum?
a. Back of the hand
b. Thigh
c. Abdomen
d. Sole of the foot
ANS: D DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 181 TOP: Thin and Thick Skin
8. The papillary layer of the dermis:

a. is responsible for cleavage or tension lines in the skin.
b. does not contain blood vessels.
c. produces the ridges that make fingerprints.
d. contains large deposits of fat.
TOP: Papillary Layer
9. Smooth muscles that produce goose pimples when they contract are the _____ muscles.
a. papillary
b. cuticle
c. medullary
d. arrector pili
TOP: Reticular Layer
10. The most common type of skin cancer is:

a. malignant melanoma.
b. basal cell carcinoma.
c. Kaposi sarcoma.
d. All skin cancers occur in about equal frequency.
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 201
TOP: Skin Cancer (Mechanisms of Disease)
11. The type of cancer associated with immune deficiencies is:

a. squamous cell carcinoma.
b. Kaposi sarcoma.
c. basal cell carcinoma.
d. malignant melanoma.
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 201
12. Prolonged exposure to the sun causes melanocytes to:

a. increase in number.
b. rupture and release their contents.
c. increase melanin production.
d. decrease melanin production.
TOP: Skin Color
13. The hair follicle is found in the:

a. epidermis.
b. dermis.
c. hypodermis.
d. subcutaneous layer.
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 185 TOP: Hair
14. Fingernail growth is the result of the mitosis of the cells in the stratum:
a. germinativum.
b. granulosum.
c. corneum.
d. lucidum.
TOP: Nails
15. Apocrine sweat glands can be found in all of the following areas except the:
a. soles of the feet.
b. armpits.
c. areolae of the breasts.
d. pigmented skin areas around the anus.
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 199 TOP: Apocrine Glands
16. The type of gland associated with blackheads is:

a. eccrine.
b. apocrine.
c. sebaceous.
d. ceruminous.
TOP: Sebaceous Glands
17. Which is not part of a hair?

a. Shaft
b. Root
c. Lanugo
d. Medulla
ANS: C DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 195 TOP: Hair
18. Hair:
a. alternates between periods of growth and rest.
b. consists of keratinized cells.
c. is formed from cells of the germinal matrix.
d. is all of the above.
ANS: D DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 195 TOP: Hair
19. The hair papilla consists of _____ tissue.

a. epidermal
b. dermal
c. hypodermal
d. fibrous connective
ANS: B DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 195 TOP: Hair
20. The most numerous, important, and widespread sweat glands in the body are:
a. apocrine.
b. eccrine.
c. ceruminous.
d. sebaceous.
TOP: Sweat Glands
21. Sebum:
a. lubricates hair and skin.
b. is produced by sweat glands.
c. consists of dead cells from hair follicles.
d. is responsible for body odor.
ANS: A DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 199 TOP: Sebaceous Glands
22. The waxy secretion in the external ear canal is:

a. eccrine.
b. apocrine.
c. sebaceous.
d. ceruminous.
TOP: Ceruminous Glands
23. The surface film found on the skin has a variety of functions, including:
a. lubrication.
b. buffering of caustic irritants.
c. antibacterial and antifungal activity.
d. all of the above.
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 192 TOP: Surface Film
24. Although body temperature normally changes very little during the course of a day, it is
generally the lowest during:
a. the early morning.
b. mid-afternoon.
c. late afternoon.
d. the evening.
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 193
TOP: Homeostasis of Body Temperature
25. The conversion of water from a liquid state into a gaseous state happens with which form
of body heat loss?
a. Convection
b. Evaporation
c. Radiation
d. Conduction
ANS: B DIF: Synthesis REF: pp. 193-194 TOP: Evaporation
26. Which type of body heat loss is characterized by heat transfer from the surface of one
object to the surface of another object without actual contact?
a. Convection
b. Evaporation
c. Radiation
d. Conduction
TOP: Radiation
27. The body compensates for the increase in the core body temperature caused by exercise
by:
a. decreasing the blood flow to the skin.
b. increasing the blood flow to the core.
c. increasing the blood flow to the skin.
d. vasoconstriction of the blood vessels in the skin.
TOP: Heat Loss
28. The same degree of environmental temperature seems hotter in humid climates than it
does in dry ones because:
a. evaporation increases in humid climates.
b. evaporation is retarded in humid climates.
c. radiation is increased in humid climates.
d. humid climates alter the temperature receptors in the hypothalamus by
mechanisms unknown.
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 194 TOP: Evaporation
29. A person leaning against a cold cement block wall would lose heat by the process of:
a. convection.
b. evaporation.
c. radiation.
d. conduction.
ANS: D DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 194 TOP: Conduction
30. The body’s temperature control center is located in the:

a. cerebrum.
b. medulla.
c. thalamus.
d. hypothalamus.
TOP: Homeostatic Regulation of Heat Loss
31. A second-degree burn is characterized by:

a. destruction of both the epidermis and the dermis.
b. severe pain, generalized swelling, and edema.
c. minor discomfort and some redness.
d. involvement of muscles, fasciae, or bones.
TOP: Estimating Body Surface Area (Mechanisms of Disease)
32. A major distinction between second- and third-degree burns is that third-degree burns:
a. involve injury to only the deep epidermal layers.
b. involve damage to only hair follicles.
c. involve damage to only the sweat glands.
d. are characterized by insensitivity to pain immediately after injury.
ANS: D DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 202
33. In the skin, the dermis:

a. and epidermis are both epithelial tissue.
b. and epidermis are both connective tissue.
c. is connective tissue and the epidermis is epithelial tissue.
d. is epithelial tissue and the epidermis is connective tissue.
TOP: Structure of the Skin
34. The layer beneath the dermis is called the:

a. hypodermis.
b. subcutaneous layer.
c. superficial fascia.
d. All of the above are correct.
TOP: Hypodermis
35. Which cells originate in the bone marrow and are important in the immune function?
a. Dendritic cells
b. Melanocytes
c. Keratinocytes
d. Fibroblasts
TOP: Cell Types
36. Which skin layer is called the barrier area?

a. Stratum lucidum
b. Stratum basale
c. Stratum granulosum
d. Stratum corneum
TOP: Cell Layers
37. Which skin layer has cells that look prickly because of the desmosomes that join the cells
together?
a. Stratum basale
b. Stratum spinosum
d. Stratum corneum
TOP: Cell Layer
38. Which skin layer contains closely packed, clear cells that contain a gel-like substance
called eleidin?
a. Stratum lucidum
b. Stratum basale
d. Stratum corneum
TOP: Cell Layers
39. In which skin layer does the process of keratinization begin?

a. Stratum basale
b. Stratum corneum
d. Stratum spinosum
TOP: Cell Layers
40. Normally, which percentage of the cells in the stratum basale enter mitosis each day?
a. 20% to 25%
b. 10% to 12%
c. 18% to 20%
d. 35% to 40%
TOP: Epidermal Growth and Repair
41. Which of the following is not true of the dermal-epidermal junction?

a. It is important in blocking bacteria from passing through the skin.
b. It is composed chiefly of basement membrane.
c. Its function is to “glue” the two layers of skin together.
d. All of the above are true.
TOP: Dermoepidermal Junction
42. Which of the following is not true of the dermis?

a. It contains a papillary layer.
b. It contains a reticular layer.
c. In general, the dermis is thinner on the dorsal side of the body than on the ventral
side.
d. It plays an important role in body temperature regulation.
TOP: Dermis
43. “Burns” can be caused by:

a. ultraviolet light.
b. corrosive chemicals.
c. electrical current.
d. all of the above.
TOP: Burns (Mechanisms of Disease)
44. The area of the skin in an average-size adult is about _____ square feet.
a. 12
b. 18
c. 24
d. 31
TOP: Introduction
45. The term used to describe the skin and its appendages is:
a. epidermis.
b. dermis.
c. integumentary system.
d. integument.
TOP: Introduction
46. Which cells of the skin are filled with a tough, fibrous protein and account for most of the
epidermal cells of the skin?
a. Dermatocytes
b. Langerhans cells
c. Keratinocytes
d. Melanocytes
TOP: Cell Types
47. Which cells of the skin act as a type of antigen-presenting cell in the skin?
a. Dermatocytes
b. Dendritic cells
c. Keratinocytes
d. Melanocytes
TOP: Cell Types
48. The cell layers of skin from the most superficial to the deepest appear in what order?
a. Stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, and basale
b. Stratum basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, and corneum
c. Stratum basale, granulosum, lucidum, spinosum, and corneum
d. Stratum corneum, granulosum, lucidum, spinosum, and basale
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: pp. 183-184 TOP: Cell Layers
49. The time required for the completion of mitosis, differentiation, and the movement of new
cells from the stratum basale to the surface of the skin is about:
a. 35 hours.
b. 17 days.
c. 22 days.
d. 35 days.
50. To increase the efficiency of protein synthesis, cells in which epidermal layer are rich in
RNA?
a. Stratum corneum
b. Stratum lucidum
c. Stratum spinosum
d. Stratum granulosum
TOP: Cell Layers
51. Cells in which layer are filled with a protein called eleidin?
a. Stratum corneum
b. Stratum lucidum
c. Stratum spinosum
TOP: Cell Layers
52. Cells in which layer have a high level of lysosomal enzymes in their cytoplasm?
a. Stratum corneum
b. Stratum lucidum
c. Stratum spinosum
TOP: Cell Layers
53. The darkest of the skin pigments is:

a. beta carotene.
b. pheomelanin.
c. eumelanin.
d. none of the above.
TOP: Skin Color
54. Which skin pigment is a light reddish color?

a. Beta carotene
b. Pheomelanin
c. Eumelanin
d. None of the above
TOP: Skin Color
55. When the skin looks cyanotic, it is because _____ can be seen through the skin.
a. oxygen-poor blood
b. oxygen-rich blood
c. hemosiderin
d. bile pigments
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 190 TOP: Other Pigments
56. What increase in body temperature would be caused by pyrogens?

a. Heat exhaustion
b. Heat stroke
c. Fever
d. Malignant hyperthermia
TOP: Abnormal Body Temperature (Mechanisms of Disease)
57. What increase in body temperature can be caused by anesthetics or muscle relaxants?
a. Heat exhaustion
b. Heat stroke
c. Fever
58. Hair can become brittle and dry as a result of the:

a. improper function of the sebaceous glands.
b. malfunction of the tactile (Meissner) corpuscle.
c. overproduction of keratin.
d. underproduction of synovial fluid.
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 195 TOP: Hair
59. Many liquid medicines, such as insulin, are administered using a subcutaneous injection.
Why is the subcutaneous layer an ideal site for the administration of such medication?
a. The subcutaneous layer is rich in blood supply and nerve networks.
b. The subcutaneous layer has a rich blood supply and loose spongy texture.
c. The subcutaneous layer has a rich blood supply and firm texture.
d. The subcutaneous layer has a rich supply of nerves and loose spongy texture.
TOP: Subcutaneous and Intradermal Injections (Box 10-3)
60. Onycholysis is usually caused by:

a. a cuticle infection.
b. malfunctioning of the tactile (Meissner) corpuscle.
c. overproduction of the root of the fingernail.
d. trauma to long fingernails.
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 197 TOP: Nails
61. After several hours of landscaping the yard, Jennifer experienced a body temperature of
105° F; a rapid heart rate; headache; and hot, dry skin. She was taken to a medical facility
and treated for what condition?
a. Heat exhaustion
b. Heat stroke
c. Hypothermia
62. Matt is admitted to the hospital with burns to the deep epidermal layers and injury to the
upper layers of the dermis. The physician treats Matt’s condition as a _____ burn.
a. first-degree
b. hypothermia
c. minor
d. second-degree
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 203
63. The special network of nerves deep in the dermis that is capable of detecting pressure on
the skin surface is called:
a. free nerve endings.
b. Krause end bulbs.
c. tactile corpuscle.
d. somatic sensory receptors.
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 186 TOP: Dermis
64. Which statement best explains the importance of the dendritic cells?
a. They contribute color to the skin and serve to decrease the amount of ultraviolet
light that can penetrate into the deeper layers of the skin.
b. They become filled with a tough, fibrous protein called keratin.
c. They find markers on bacteria and other invaders and present them to other
immune system cells for recognition and destruction.
d. They form the attachment of the hair follicle with the arrector pili muscles.
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 183 TOP: Cell Types
65. How can the regeneration time required for completion of mitosis, differentiation, and
movement of new keratinocytes from the stratum basale to the surface of the epidermis be
accelerated?
a. By abrasion of the skin surface
b. By the presence of eleidin
c. By the epidermal proliferating unit
d. By the presence of dermal-epidermal junctions
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 184 TOP: Cell Types
66. The fibers in which layer make it possible for skin to stretch and be elastic?
a. Connective tissue
b. Epidermal
c. Muscle
d. Reticular
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 187 TOP: Reticular Layer
67. After several months of extensive weight training, Nick has noticed pinkish, depressed
furrows with jagged edges in his axillary region. These markings are a result of:
a. a decrease in dermal papillae.
b. healing due to tiny tears in the dermis.
c. malfunction of the microvilli.
d. overproduction of the arrector pili muscles.
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 187 TOP: Dermal Growth and
Repair
68. If you were looking under the microscope at a slide that contains skin glands, what three
kinds of microscopic glands would be present?
a. Sebaceous, eccrine, and ceruminous glands
b. Sweat, eccrine, and ceruminous glands
c. Sweat, eccrine, and sebaceous glands
d. Sweat, sebaceous, and ceruminous glands
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: pp. 198-199 TOP: Sweat Glands
69. Yellowish discoloration of the skin and other tissues is a condition known as jaundice.
This results from the:
a. gallbladder not being able to eliminate bile from the blood efficiently.
b. liver not being able to eliminate bile from the blood efficiently.
c. liver not being able to eliminate hemoglobin from the blood efficiently.
d. red blood cells not being able to eliminate hemoglobin.
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 190 TOP: Jaundice (Box 10-4)
70. Immunity is a function of the skin and occurs by:

a. attacking and destroying pathogens.
b. evaporation and radiation of pathogens.
c. excretion of chemicals in sweat.
d. receptors that can detect sensations.
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 193 TOP: Immunity
71. The skin of an infant is more easily damaged by penetration or abrasion than that of an
adult. Which layer is probably thinner in an infant than in an adult?
a. Stratum basale
b. Stratum corneum
c. Stratum lucidum
d. Stratum spinosum
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 184 TOP: Cell Layers
72. A geneticist informs parents that their newborn infant does not have the enzyme
tyrosinase. The lack of this enzyme will result in:
a. albinism.
b. malignant hyperthermia.
c. scleroderma.
d. vitiligo.
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 189 TOP: Skin Color
73. Which of the following is not true about thick or thin skin?
a. Thin skin is hairless.
b. Most of the body is covered in thin skin.
c. Epidermal ridges are found in thick skin.
TOP: Thin and Thick Skin
74. Which of the following is not true of dermal growth and repair?
a. Just as the epidermis, the dermis is in a constant state of regeneration.
b. In the healing of an injury, fibroblasts reproduce and begin to form new connective
tissue.
c. Surgical incisions made parallel to cleavage lines are less likely to leave a scar.
d. All of the above statements are true.
TOP: Dermal Growth and Repair
75. Which of the following is not true of the hypodermis?

a. It is also called the subcutaneous layer.
b. It contains mostly loose connective tissue and adipose tissue.
c. It is the deepest part of the skin.
TOP: Hypodermis
76. The excretory function of the skin includes all of the following except:
a. influencing the fluid volume of the body.
b. playing an important excretory role for the body.
c. removing uric acid and urea from the body.
d. The excretory function includes all of the above.
TOP: Excretion
77. Which of the following is not true of the body’s ability to regulate heat loss?
a. It is part of a negative-feedback mechanism.
b. Sweat glands increase the production of sweat.
c. The homeostatic regulation of body temperature is regulated by the thyroid gland.
78. Friction ridges function to:

a. form fingerprints and footprints.
b. enhance our ability to grip surfaces
c. act as sensory aids that amplify vibrations
d. All of these are functions of friction ridges
ANS: D DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 182 TOP: Thick and Thin Skin
TRUE/FALSE
1. One of the important functions of the skin is the synthesis of vitamin D.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 191

2. Keratin is an important skin pigment that protects against ultraviolet light.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 183 TOP: Cell Types
3. The hypodermis is a subcutaneous layer rich in adipose and loose fibrous connective
tissue.

TOP: Hypodermis
4. The subcutaneous layer is also referred to as the superficial fascia.

TOP: Hypodermis
5. Melanocytes account for approximately 55% of the epidermal cells.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 183

TOP: Cell Types
6. During the life of an individual, epidermal tissue is constantly being replaced.

ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 184
7. Turnover time for epidermal tissue can be accelerated by injury.

8. Prolonged exposure to the sun causes decreased melanin production.

TOP: Skin Color
9. A primary function of the dermal-epidermal junction is to “glue” together the dermis and
the epidermis.

10. The epidermis is referred to as the true skin.

TOP: Dermis
11. Normally about 10% to 12% of all cells in the stratum basale enter mitosis each day.

12. Both the epidermis and the dermis continually undergo shedding and regeneration.
ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 183 TOP: Cell Layers
13. Sensory receptors are found in the epidermis.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 186 TOP: Dermis
14. Goose pimples, elevation of the testes, and erection of the nipples result from the
contraction of muscles in the dermis.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 187 TOP: Reticular Layer
15. The dermis contains both voluntary and involuntary muscle fibers.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 187 TOP: Reticular Layer
16. Malignant melanoma has been steadily increasing in the United States for the past 20
years.

17. The basic ingredient in the skin that determines skin color is melanin.

TOP: Skin Color
18. Vitiligo is an acquired condition that results in loss of pigment in certain areas of the skin.

TOP: Vitiligo (Box 10-1)
19. An increase in the enzyme tyrosinase will lead to the destruction of pigment and result in
albinism.
ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 189 TOP: Skin Color
20. Darkening of the skin may be caused by a decrease in the secretion of adrenocorticotropic
hormone.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 189 TOP: Skin Color
21. Lanugo is the technical term used for adult body hair.

TOP: Hair
22. Terminal hair is the coarse pubic and axillary hair that develops at puberty.

TOP: Hair
23. One way to stimulate hair growth is to cut it or shave it.

TOP: Hair
24. One of the factors associated with the common type of baldness is the presence of
testosterone.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 195 TOP: Hair
25. Growth of nails is the result of mitosis in the stratum basale.

TOP: Nails
26. The gland that produces the waxy secretion in the external ear canal is a sebaceous gland.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 199 TOP: Ceruminous Glands
27. An increase in sebum secretion in children may lead to increased susceptibility to

ringworm.
ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 200
TOP: Skin Infections (Mechanisms of Disease)
28. Apocrine sweat glands are the most numerous and widespread sweat glands in the body.
ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 198 TOP: Eccrine Glands
29. There is a more than fivefold increase in the rate of sebum secretion between 10 and 19
years of age.

TOP: Acne (Box 10-7)
30. A person with a body temperature of 38 C would need to be treated for hypothermia.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 201

31. When heat must be conserved to maintain a constant body temperature, the dermal blood
vessels increase their diameter.
ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 193 TOP: Heat Loss
32. Shivering is a good example of the body’s attempt to produce more heat.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 193 TOP: Heat Production
33. A person who is shivering would normally have dilated surface blood vessels in the skin.
ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 193 TOP: Heat Loss
34. Heat loss by the skin is controlled by a positive-feedback loop.

35. The body’s temperature control center is located in the hypothalamus.

36. The normal body temperature set point is 37 C.

37. Besides changing the rates of metabolism, the primary means of controlling body
temperature is through changes in the size of blood vessels in the skin.

38. Skin thermal receptors provide important information to the heat-regulating centers in the
brain, resulting in autonomic regulation of body temperature.

39. Heat loss by the skin is controlled by a negative-feedback loop.

40. Blisters, severe pain, generalized swelling, and edema are characteristic of third-degree
burns.

41. The rule of palms and the rule of tens are two methods used in estimating the extent of
body surface area burned.

42. Third-degree burns are less severe than first-degree burns and therefore are not as painful.
ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 202

43. The thickest part of the skin is slightly more than 3 cm thick.

TOP: Introduction
44. Integument and integumentary system are interchangeable terms.

TOP: Introduction
45. Integumentary system and skin are interchangeable terms.

TOP: Introduction
46. A large amount of fat can be stored in the hypodermis.

TOP: Hypodermis
47. Thick skin and thin skin refer to the dermis and the epidermis.

48. Hair is usually not found on thick skin.

49. In thin skin, some of the strata of the skin may be absent.

50. The cells at the surface of the skin are dead.

TOP: Cell Layers
51. An abnormal thickening of the stratum corneum is called hyperkeratosis.

TOP: Cell Layers
52. The stratum lucidum and stratum basale are sometimes referred to as the stratum
germinativum.

TOP: Cell Layers
53. Blisters can be the result of damage to the desmosomes in a layer of skin.

TOP: Blisters (Box 10-2)
54. The average turnover time for skin cells to go from the stratum basale to the surface of the
epidermis is about 35 days.

55. Continual abrasion to the skin surface tends to lengthen the turnover time of the skin.

56. A group of active basal cells, together with its vertical column of migrating keratinocytes,
is called a dermal proliferating unit, or DPU.

57. The papillary layer of the dermis lies just below the dermal-epidermal junction.

58. The reticular layer of the dermis serves as an attachment point for both smooth and
skeletal muscles.

59. Surgical incisions that are made perpendicular to cleavage lines tend to heal with less of a
scar.

60. Light-skinned people have fewer melanocytes in their skin than do dark-skinned people.

TOP: Skin Color
61. The ability of melanocytes to darken the skin is dependent on the functioning of the
enzyme tyrosinase.

TOP: Skin Color
62. Convection is responsible for most of the heat loss of the body.

TOP: Convection
63. The protective function of the skin is limited to the protection of the underlying tissue
from abrasion and mechanical injury.

64. The shedding of epithelial elements from the skin surface is called desquamation.

65. The surface film that aids in the protective function of the skin is remarkably consistent
from one part of the skin to another.

TOP: Surface Film
66. Because sweat can contain ammonia, urea, and other waste products, it plays a major role
in the excretion of body wastes.

67. When the skin is exposed to sunlight, it has the ability to convert cholecalciferol to vitamin
D.

TOP: Hormone (Vitamin D) Production
68. Because vitamin D is a compound that influences several important chemical reactions, it
can also be classified as an enzyme.

69. Radiation can account for both heat loss and heat gain.

TOP: Radiation
70. Heat production occurs in two ways: metabolism of food and absorption of heat from the
environment.

TOP: Homeostasis of Body Temperature
71. Sweat that drips off you does very little to cool your body.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 194 TOP: Evaporation
72. In a cool environment, conduction accounts for most of the heat loss of the body.

TOP: Conduction
73. In using the rule of nines to determine the area of the body involved, the body is divided
into nine areas of 11% each.

TOP: Burns
74. Lanugo is usually found on a fetus or newborn.

TOP: Hair
75. The cells of the germinal matrix are responsible for forming hair.

TOP: Hair
76. The hair itself is composed of three layers: the shaft, the cortex, and the cuticle.

TOP: Hair
77. Fingernails are composed of heavily keratinized epidermal cells.

TOP: Nails
78. Apocrine and eccrine glands are the two types of sebaceous glands.

TOP: Sweat Glands
79. Eccrine glands are the more numerous of the sweat glands.

TOP: Eccrine Glands
80. Although the ducts of the eccrine sweat glands come through the epidermis, the actual
secretory portion is located in the dermis.

TOP: Eccrine Glands
81. Apocrine sweat glands begin functioning shortly after birth.

TOP: Apocrine Glands
82. Because sebaceous glands produce a substance rich in triglycerides and fatty acids, it
provides a good growth medium for fungi.

TOP: Sweat Glands
83. Malignant hyperthermia occurs as a result of exposure to certain types of anesthetic agents
or muscle relaxants.

84. The skin surface area can be as large as 20 square feet in the average adult.

TOP: Introduction
85. The skin is a thin and relatively flat organ and is an example of a serous membrane.

TOP: Structure of the Skin
86. Fingerprints are an example of the friction ridges of the skin.

87. The keratinocytes of the skin are examples of antigen-presenting cells.

TOP: Cell Types
88. The stratum lucidum is superficial to the stratum basale.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 184 TOP: Cell Layers
89. An abnormally thick region of the stratum basale is called a callus.

90. Cleavage lines and Langer lines refer to the same thing.

91. Langer lines is the more correct name for stretch marks.

92. Albinism is the inability of the body to form melanin.

TOP: Melanin
93. Jaundice can occur because of a very high concentration of vitamin A in the skin.

TOP: Other Pigments
94. A high level of melanin in the skin assists in the formation of vitamin D.

95. Dendritic cells develop in the dermis of the skin but migrate to the epidermis of the skin to
function.

TOP: Cell Types
96. Cells in the stratum spinosum layer are rich in RNA to make protein synthesis more
efficient.

TOP: Cell Layers
97. Keratohyalin is a protein in the stratum lucidum that will eventually be transformed into
keratin in the cells of the epidermis.

TOP: Cell Layers
98. Cells in the stratum lucidum do not have a high metabolic rate, because they usually do
not have a nucleus.

TOP: Cell Layers
99. High levels of lysosomal enzymes are found in the cells of the stratum granulosum layer.

TOP: Cell Layers
100. One end of the arrector pili muscle is attached to a hair follicle.

101. A scar is a dense mass of keratinocytes that forms when a wound to the skin heals.

102. People who have mostly pheomelanin in their skin tend to have darker skin than people
who have mostly eumelanin.

TOP: Skin Color
103. Melanosomes help prevent DNA mutations when the cell is exposed to ultraviolet
radiation.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 189 TOP: Skin Color
104. You turn red when you blush, because the color of blood is red.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 190 TOP: Other Pigments
105. The presence of hemosiderin and bile pigments in the skin can cause the skin to appear
cyanotic.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 190 TOP: Other Pigments
106. Both the root and the lunula of the nail are covered by the cuticle and therefore cannot be
seen externally.
TOP: Nails
107. If a person were in a totally bacteria-free environment, any sweat produced would have no
odor.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 198 TOP: Sweat Glands
108. Chemicals that cause the body to develop a fever are called pyrogens.

109. Fever is always detrimental to the body, so the body temperature should be reduced to
normal as soon as possible.

110. Malignant hyperthermia, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke are increasingly dangerous
consequences of exposure to high environmental temperatures.

111. The skin is the largest and thinnest organ.

TOP: Introduction
112. The hypodermis is the deepest layer of skin.

TOP: Hypodermis
113. Most of the body is covered by protective thick skin.

114. Keratinocytes are sometimes called corneocytes.

TOP: Cell Types
115. Melanocytes are sometimes called Langerhans cells.

TOP: Cell Types
116. The stratum granulosum is sometimes called the barrier layer of the skin.
TOP: Cell Layers
117. In order for proper growth and repair of the skin to occur, both insulin-like growth factor
and vitamin D must be present in the correct amounts.

118. The main function of the dermoepidermal junction is to act as a barrier to harmful
chemicals and bacteria.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 185-186

119. Hair follicles and skin glands, made up of epithelial tissue, extend from the epidermis into
the reticular layer.

120. In the healing of a wound, fibroblasts in the dermis quickly reproduce and begin forming a
dense mass of new connective tissue fibers.

121. The death of melanocytes in the hair follicle of older people causes the hair to turn gray.

TOP: Melanin
122. Permanent tattoos are made by injecting pigments into the epidermis of the skin, and
because of the regeneration of the epidermis, they become less distinct with age.

TOP: Other Pigments
123. The germinal matrix is a small mound of dermis that supplies blood to the hair follicle.

TOP: Hair
124. The hair follicle serves as a primary location of adult stem cells for skin cells like
melanocytes.

TOP: Hair
125. Toenails and fingernails grow at the rate of about 0.5 mm a week, but they grow faster in
the winter than they do in the summer.
TOP: Nails
MATCHING
Match each layer of the epidermis with its corresponding characteristics.

a. Stratum corneum
b. Stratum lucidum
d. Stratum spinosum
e. Stratum basale
1. A single layer of columnar cells that undergo mitosis

2. Most superficial layer of the epidermis; composed of very thin squamous cells
3. Layer in which the process of keratinization begins; the cells are filled with keratohyalin
4. Contains cells rich in ribonucleic acid and has prominent intercellular bridges or
desmosomes
5. Layer that is absent in thin skin; cells are filled with a gel-like substance called eleidin
1. ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: p. 183

TOP: Cell Layers
2. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 184
TOP: Cell Layers
3. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 183
TOP: Cell Layers
4. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 183
TOP: Cell Layers
5. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 184
TOP: Cell Layers
Match each term with its definition or description.

a. Keratinocytes
b. Hypodermis
c. Papillary layer
d. Pheomelanin
e. Melanocytes
f. Arrector pili muscles
g. Eumelanin
h. Dendritic cells
i. Albinism
j. Reticular layer
6. Skin cells that play a role in immunity

7. Make colored pigment for the skin
8. Also called the superficial fascia
9. Dermis layer made of dense white collagen fibers
10. Darkest of the melanin pigments
11. Structure attached to hair that can lift it and causes goose bumps
12. A genetic condition that causes the inability to produce melanin
13. Most important cell in the epidermis; makes up about 90% of it
14. Dermis layer that forms fingerprints
15. Pigment that produces a red-orange color
6. ANS: H DIF: Memorization REF: p. 183

TOP: Cell Types
TOP: Cell Types
TOP: Hypodermis
9. ANS: J DIF: Memorization REF: p. 186
10. ANS: G DIF: Memorization REF: p. 189
TOP: Melanin
11. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 187
12. ANS: I DIF: Memorization REF: p. 189
TOP: Melanin
TOP: Cell Types
TOP: Melanin
Match each term with its description or definition.

a. Hair papilla
b. Radiation
c. Apocrine gland
d. Lanugo
e. Convection
f. Germinal matrix
g. Sebaceous gland
h. Eccrine gland
i. Conduction
j. Ceruminous gland
16. Transfer of heat between two surfaces without actual contact

17. Most numerous gland of the skin; produces a transparent, watery liquid
18. Soft, fine hair that covers the fetus
19. Cup-shaped cluster of cells in the hair follicle
20. Transfer of heat from one surface to another because of contact with each other
21. Gland that secretes oil for hair and skin
22. Small mound of dermis in the hair follicle
23. Skin gland found in the armpits and the areola of the breast that produces a viscous and
colored secretion
24. Movement of heat away from the body caused by air movement or dissipation of heated
fluid particles
25. Gland that forms the brown waxy material used to protect the ear canal
TOP: Heat Loss
17. ANS: H DIF: Memorization REF: p. 198
TOP: Sweat Glands
TOP: Hair
19. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 195
TOP: Hair
20. ANS: I DIF: Memorization REF: p. 193
TOP: Heat Loss
21. ANS: G DIF: Memorization REF: p. 199
TOP: Sebaceous Glands
TOP: Hair
TOP: Sweat Glands
TOP: Heat Loss
25. ANS: J DIF: Memorization REF: p. 199
TOP: Ceruminous Glands
OTHER
1. Name and describe what occurs in the cells in each of the layers of the epidermis.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: pp. 183-184 TOP: Cell Layers
2. Explain how the involvement of desmosomes in a blister is a good example of the

relationship between structure and function at the chemical level of organization.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 186 TOP: Blisters (Box 10-2)
3. Name and describe the pigments in the skin. Which pigment is more protective against
ultraviolet radiation?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 189 TOP: Skin Color
4. Differentiate among first-, second-, and third-degree burns.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 202
5. Explain the role of the blood vessels in the skin in the homeostatic regulation of heat loss
in the body.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: p. 194 TOP: Homeostatic Regulation of Heat Loss
6. Name and explain the methods of heat loss discussed in this chapter.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: p. 193 TOP: Heat Loss
7. Explain the protection function of the skin, and include the role of the surface film.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: p. 192 TOP: Functions of the Skin
8. Describe the formation of hair, and describe the parts of a hair follicle.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: p. 195 TOP: Development of Hair
9. Describe the structure of fingernails, and describe how they grow and their rate of growth.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: p. 197 TOP: Nails
10. Name the two types of sweat glands. Explain the difference in their location in the body
and the substance they produce.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: p. 198 TOP: Sweat Glands
11. Where are the sebaceous glands located? What do they produce, and what are the
properties or functions of the secretion?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: p. 199 TOP: Sebaceous Glands
12. Explain the two ways in which body surface area can be estimated.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: p. 202

ESSAY
1. The process of digesting food requires work from the body. Why would you expect the
body temperature to rise slightly after eating a big meal?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 193 TOP: Heat Production
2. In hospitals, frequently a sensor is put over one fingernail to determine whether the
patient’s blood is properly oxygenated. Explain why this evaluation is possible.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: p. 197 TOP: Nails

Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank

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Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank

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Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition

Patton Test Bank

1. Which of the following vitamins is(are) absorbed through the skin?

2. Which of the following is not a function of the skin?

3. The superficial outer layer of the epidermis is the stratum:

5. The area referred to as true skin is the:

8. The papillary layer of the dermis:

10. The most common type of skin cancer is:

11. The type of cancer associated with immune deficiencies is:

12. Prolonged exposure to the sun causes melanocytes to:

13. The hair follicle is found in the:

16. The type of gland associated with blackheads is:

17. Which is not part of a hair?

19. The hair papilla consists of _____ tissue.

22. The waxy secretion in the external ear canal is:

30. The body’s temperature control center is located in the:

31. A second-degree burn is characterized by:

33. In the skin, the dermis:

34. The layer beneath the dermis is called the:

36. Which skin layer is called the barrier area?

39. In which skin layer does the process of keratinization begin?

41. Which of the following is not true of the dermal-epidermal junction?

42. Which of the following is not true of the dermis?

43. “Burns” can be caused by:

53. The darkest of the skin pigments is:

54. Which skin pigment is a light reddish color?

56. What increase in body temperature would be caused by pyrogens?

58. Hair can become brittle and dry as a result of the:

60. Onycholysis is usually caused by:

70. Immunity is a function of the skin and occurs by:

75. Which of the following is not true of the hypodermis?

78. Friction ridges function to:

1. One of the important functions of the skin is the synthesis of vitamin D.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 191

2. Keratin is an important skin pigment that protects against ultraviolet light.

ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 183 TOP: Cell Types

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 188

4. The subcutaneous layer is also referred to as the superficial fascia.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 188

5. Melanocytes account for approximately 55% of the epidermal cells.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 183

6. During the life of an individual, epidermal tissue is constantly being replaced.

7. Turnover time for epidermal tissue can be accelerated by injury.

ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 184

8. Prolonged exposure to the sun causes decreased melanin production.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 189

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 185

10. The epidermis is referred to as the true skin.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 186

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 184

ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 183 TOP: Cell Layers

13. Sensory receptors are found in the epidermis.

ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 186 TOP: Dermis

ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 187 TOP: Reticular Layer

ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 187 TOP: Reticular Layer

ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 201

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 189

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 183

ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 189 TOP: Skin Color

ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 189 TOP: Skin Color

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 195

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 195

23. One way to stimulate hair growth is to cut it or shave it.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 195