Essential Statistics 1st Edition Gould

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Chapter 6 Test A—Multiple Choice

Note: Some questions require the use of either a standard normal probability table or technology that can
calculate normal probabilities.

Section 6.1 (Probability Distributions are Models of Random Experiments)

1. [Objective: Distinguish between discrete and continuous-valued variables] Determine whether the
variable would best be modeled as continuous or discrete: The temperature of a greenhouse at a certain
time of the day.
a. Continuous
b. Discrete

2. [Objective: Distinguish between discrete and continuous-valued variables] Determine whether the
variable would best be modeled as continuous or discrete: The number of tomatoes harvested each week
from a greenhouse tomato plant.
a. Continuous
b. Discrete

3. [Objective: Understand the uniform probability distribution] At a course in public speaking, the instructor
always gives an opening speech that lasts between fifteen and eighteen minutes. The length of the speech
can be modeled by a uniform distribution, that is, the speech is just as likely to last fifteen minutes as it is to
last eighteen minutes. The probability density curve is shown below. What is the probability that the
speech will last at least seventeen minutes? What is the probability that the speech will last between fifteen
and sixteen minutes?

a. Can’t be determined with the given information

b. 0.50; 0.75
c. 0.25; 0.50
d. 0.50; 0.25

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6-2 Chapter 6 Test A

4. [Objective: Understand the properties of a probability distribution] An MP3 playlist, containing several
songs from five genres, is set to shuffle. The following table shows the genre and the associated
probability for the first song played. Does the table represent a probability distribution?

Genre Probability
Rock 0.302
Pop 0.290
Country 0.203
Jazz 0.123
Classical 0.090

a. Yes
b. No
c. Can’t be determined with the given information

Section 6.2 (The Normal Model)

Use the following information for questions (5)-(7). Male players at the high school, college and professional ranks
use a regulation basketball that weighs 22.0 ounces with a standard deviation of 1.0 ounce. Assume that the weights
of basketballs are approximately normally distributed.
5. [Objective: Apply the normal model to find probabilities] Roughly what percentage of regulation
basketballs weigh less than 20.7 ounces? Round to the nearest tenth of a percent.
a. 40.3% of the basketballs will weigh less than 20.7 ounces.
b. 22.3% of the basketballs will weigh less than 20.7 ounces.
c. 9.7% of the basketballs will weigh less than 20.7 ounces.
d. 5.7% of the basketballs will weigh less than 20.7 ounces.

6. [Objective: Apply the normal model to find probabilities] If a regulation basketball is randomly selected,
what is the probability that it will weigh between 20.5 and 23.5 ounces? Round to the nearest thousandth.
a. 0.866
b. 0.134
c. 0.267
d. 0.704

7. [Objective: Apply the normal model to find probabilities] Some statisticians use a guideline that says that
events that happen 5% of the time or less often should be considered “unusual.” By this standard, is it
unusual to find a basketball that weighs 23.75 ounces or more?
a. Yes, this would be unusual.
b. No, this would not be unusual.

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 Chapter 6 Test A 6-3

8. [Objective: Apply the normal model to find probabilities] Suppose that weights of cans of AJ’s brand
whipped cream have a population mean of 7.5 ounces and a population standard deviation of 0.27 ounces
and are approximately normally distributed. Which of the following statements are correct? Choose the
best statement.

a. Approximately 95% of all cans of AJ’s whipped cream will weigh between 6.96 ounces and 8.04
ounces.
b. The probability that a randomly selected can of AJ’s whipped cream will weigh between 7.8
ounces and 8.3 ounces is approximately 0.131.
c. Less than 1% of all cans of AJ’s whipped cream will weigh more than 8.3 ounces
d. All of the above statements are true.

Use the following information for questions (9) - (11). The average travel time to work for a person living and
working in Kokomo, Indiana is 17 minutes. Suppose the standard deviation of travel time to work is 4.5 minutes
and the distribution of travel time is approximately normally distributed.
9. [Objective: Apply the normal model to find probabilities] Approximately what percentage of people living
and working in Kokomo have a travel time to work that is at least 20 minutes? Round to the nearest whole
percent.
a. 75%
b. 25%
c. 15%
d. None of the above.

10. [Objective: Distinguish between a percentile and a measurement] Which of these statements is asking for
a measurement (i. e. is an inverse normal question)?
a. What percentage of people living and working in Kokomo have a travel time to work that is
between thirteen and fifteen minutes?
b. If 15% of people living and working in Kokomo have travel time to work that is below a certain
number of minutes, how many minutes would that be?

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6-4 Chapter 6 Test A

11. [Objective: Calculate a data value from a percentile or z-score] Suppose that it is reported in the news that
12 % of the people living and working in Kokomo feel that their commute is too long. What is the travel
time to work that separates the top 12% of people with the longest travel times and the lower 88%? Round
to the nearest tenth of a minute.
a. 26.0 minutes
b. 18.1 minutes
c. 22.3 minutes
d. None of the above

12. [Objective: Calculate a data value from a percentile or z-score] The normal model N ( 58, 21) describes the
distribution of weights of chicken eggs in grams. Suppose that the weight of a randomly selected chicken
egg has a z-score of 1.78. What is the weight of this egg in grams? Round to the nearest hundredth of a
gram.
a. 95.38 grams
b. 89.50 grams
c. 65.25 grams
d. 79.50 grams

Section 6.3 (The Binomial Model)

13. [Objective: Understand the binomial model] Which of the following characteristics are not required for
the binomial model?
a. There are a fixed number of trials.
b. The trials must be independent.
c. Only two outcomes are possible at each trial.
d. The probability of success must be the same as the probability of failure.

14. [Objective: Understand the binomial model] Determine which of the given procedures describe a binomial
distribution.
a. Record the number of ear piercings in a group of 30 randomly selected college students.
b. Observing that five out of the next ten customers at a hotdog stand order hot peppers given that the
probability of ordering hot peppers is 0.18.
c. Surveying customers leaving a hardware store until a customer responds that he or she spent more
than fifty dollars.

Use the following information to answer questions (15)-(18). Suppose that the probability that a person books a
hotel using an online travel website is 0.68. For the questions that follow, consider a sample of fifteen randomly
selected people who recently booked a hotel.

15. [Objective: Calculate probabilities using the binomial model] What is the probability that exactly ten
people out of fifteen people used an online travel website when they booked their hotel? Round to the
nearest thousandth.
a. 0.048
b. 0.552
c. 0.287
d. 0.213

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 Chapter 6 Test A 6-5

16. [Objective: Calculate probabilities using the binomial model] What is the probability that at least fourteen
out of fifteen people used an online travel website when they booked their hotel? Round to the nearest
thousandth.
a. 0.978
b. 0.323
c. 0.022
d. 0.028

17. [Objective: Calculate probabilities using the binomial model] What is the probability that no more than
four out of fifteen people used an online travel website when they booked their hotel? Round to the nearest
thousandth.
a. 0.111
b. 0.001
c. 0.321
d. None of the above

18. [Objective: Calculate the mean and standard deviation using the binomial model] Out of fifteen randomly
selected people, how many would you expect to use an online travel website to book their hotel, give or
take how many? Round to the nearest whole person.
a. 10 people, give or take 2 people
b. 5 people, give or take 2 people
c. 10 people, give or take 3 people
d. 9 people, give or take 3 people

19. [Objective: Calculate probabilities using the binomial model] Five identical poker chips are tossed in a hat
and mixed up. Two of the chips have been marked with an X to indicate that if drawn a valuable prize will
be awarded. If you and two of your friends each draws a chip (with replacement), what is the probability
that at least one of your group of three will win the valuable prize? Round to the nearest thousandth.
a. 0.216
b. 0.784
c. 0.978
d. None of the above

20. [Objective: Understand expected value and the binomial model] Suppose that the probability that a person
between the ages of 19 and 24 checks their daily horoscope is 0.12. If 400 randomly selected people
between the ages of 19 and 24 were asked “Do you check your daily horoscope?”, would you be surprised
if 63 or more said yes to this question? Why?
a. Yes, 63 would be an unusually small number of people given the known probability of 0.12.
b. No, 63 is within the expected range of people.
c. Yes, 63 would be an unusually large number of people given the known probability of 0.12.
d. Cannot be determined with the given information.

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6-6 Chapter 6 Test A

Chapter 6 Test A—Answer Key

1. A
2. B
3. D
4. B
5. C
6. A
7. A
8. D
9. B
10. B
11. C
12. A
13. D
14. B
15. D
16. C
17. B
18. A
19. B
20. C

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