DATE: 20-08-23

SATYAM TUTORIALS NASHIK

9 (Semi English)
TIME: 1.5 hrs
(WEEKEND TEST NO:-16)

Science And Technology 2 - MARKS: 30

SEAT NO:

Q.1 Solve the following questions. (5)

1) Write co-relation of the following
Rhizobia : bacteria :: Yeast : ...............

Ans. Rhizobia : bacteria :: Yeast : Fungus

2) Find the odd one out

2) Based on mode of the infection.
a. Influenza b. Measles c. Chicken pox d. Hepatitis

Ans. Hepatitis -
Hepatitis is caused by contaminated food and water where as remaining are caused by being in contact with
an infected person

3) Match The Pair

Column 'A' Column 'B'

i. Clostridium a. Food poisoning

ii. Yeast b. Nitrogen fixation

c. Bakery products

d. Production of antibiotics

Ans. i. Clostridium Food poisoning

ii. Yeast Bakery products

4) State True or False

Plants convert carbohydrates into carbon dioxide by the process of photosynthesis.

Ans. False - Plants convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates by the process of photosynthesis.

5) Name The Following

5) Name any two gaseous cycles.

Ans. a. Carbon b. Nitrogen c. Oxygen

B) Choose the correct alternative. (5)

1) To avoid Cholera, ..............

a. One must have cleanliness of surroundings, mosquito control

b. One must have Vaccination
c. One must have clean food and water
d. One must have safe sexual contact.
Ans. Option c.

2) Milk coagulates due to formation of:

a. sugar b. acid c. salt d. base

Ans. Option b.
 Ans. Option b.

3) Rhizobium grows in root nodules of the plant. What kind of relationship is seen between the plant and the
bacteria?
a. mutualism b. commensalism c. symbiosis d. parasitism

Ans. Option c.

4) ............... is highly reactive and it readily reacts with other elements and compounds.
a. Carbon b. Nitrogen c. Oxygen d. Hydrogen

Ans. Option c.

5) Which is the preventive measure for Measles infection?

a. Clean and filtered water, proper storage of food

b. Vaccination
c. Safe sexual contact
d. Avoid reuse of needles and injections
Ans. Option b.

Q.2 Solve the following questions. (Any three) (6)

1) Write short note:
Equilibrium of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Ans. i. Carbon dioxide as well oxygen is released and absorbed by various biotic and abiotic processes in the
surroundings.
ii. Main processes in the carbon and oxygen cycle are photosynthesis and respiration.
iii.Oxygen is released into the atmosphere by the biotic process of photosynthesis and CO2 through
respiration. Therefore, the equilibrium of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in the atmosphere is maintained
by plants.
2) Give scientific reasons
Foam accumulates on a the surface of ‘dal’ kept for a long time in summer.

Ans. i. Microscopic spores of fungi are present in the air. If there is sufficient moisture, spores germinate on the
eatables or any substrate.
ii. The microbes in the air carry out fermentation of the sugars present in the 'dal' and the foam appeared are of
the carbon dioxide gas.
3) Distinguish between
Broad- spectrum antibiotics and Narrow-spectrum antibiotics.

Ans.
Broad- spectrum antibiotics Narrow- spectrum antibiotics

Antibiotics which are useful against a wide Antibiotics which are useful against a definite
i. variety of bacteria are called broad- spectrum pathogenic diseases called narrow- spectrum
antibiotics. antibiotics.

They can be used when the pathogens are They are used only for a specific pathogen where
ii.
unknown but the symptoms are visible. the symptoms are known.

iii. They are used for more than one pathogen. They are used only for a single pathogen.

iv. Ex. ampicillin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, etc. Ex. penicillin, gentamycin, erythromycin, etc.

4) Correct and explain the given statement.

The flow of nutrients in an ecosystem is considered to be a ‘one way’ transport.

Ans. Correct statement: The flow of nutrients in an ecosystem in ‘cyclic’.

a. All organisms need nutrients for their growth. These nutrients are continuously transferred from abiotic to
biotic factors and biotic to abiotic factors within and ecosystem.
 b. This cycle operates continuously through the medium of the biosphere with is formed by the lithosphere,
atmosphere and hydrosphere. Therefore, the flow of nutrients in and ecosystem is ‘cyclic.’
Q.3 Answer the following questions. (Any three) (9)
1) Why is it necessary to safely store the pathogens of a disease against which vaccines are to be produced?

Ans. i. Pathogens are harmful disease causing bacteria, viruses or any other micro-organisms.
ii. Using various research techniques these micro-organisms can be used for vaccine preparation.
iii. If these pathogens are released in air accidently, then they may spontaneously spred disease to various
places before the necessary vaccine is available.
Therefore, it is necessary to safety store the pathogens of a disease against which vaccines are to be
produced.
2) Complete the paragraph:
(decomposers, food web, British, Lindeman​, ecosystem, Scottish​, environment, Charles Elton,
saprophytes, food chain)
Interactions go on continuously between producers, consumers and ............... . There is a definite sequence in
these interactions which is called the ............... . Each chain consists of four, five or more links. An
............... consists of many food chains that are interconnected at various levels. Thus a ............... is formed.
An organism may be the prey for many other organisms. Generally, foodwebs are found everywhere in nature.
..............., a ............... scientist first proposed the concept of the Ecological Pyramid in 1927 after his study of
the Tundra Ecosystem of the Beer islands in England. ​

Ans. Interactions go on continuously between producers, consumers and saprophytes. There is a definite
sequence in these interactions which is called the food chain. Each chain consists of four, five or more links.
An ecosystem consists of many food chains that are interconnected at various levels. Thus a food web is
formed. An organism may be the prey for many other organisms. Generally, foodwebs are found everywhere in
nature.
Charles Elton, a British scientist first proposed the concept of the Ecological Pyramid in 1927 after his study
of the Tundra Ecosystem of the Beer islands in England.

3) How do antibiotics cure disease?

Ans. i. Vaccines are made using the disease-causing viruses or bacteria which are weakened (which have lost
their disease causing ability) or killed.
ii. First step in vaccine production is Antigen generation (i.e. proteins responsible fro provoking immune
response). Viruses are grown in primary cells (e.g. chicken eggs for the influenza vaccine), bacteria is
grown in bioreactors.
iii. Antigen is isolated from the cells used to create it.
iv. Vaccine is made by adding adjuvant, stabilizers and preservatives. Adjuvants increase immune response of
the antigen; stabilizers increase the vaccine's storage life; and preservatives allow for the use of multi-dose
vials.
v. Vaccines are continually monitored for safety.
4) Explain the following in short.

i. Carnivores.
ii. Omnivores.
iii. Carbon cycle.
Ans. i. Carnivores :
Organisms that are consumers and use herbivores as their food are called as Carnivores. Ex. Frog, owl,
fox, etc.
ii. Omnivores :
Consumers which use herbivores and carnivores both as their food are called as Omnivores. They are also
known as Mixed consumers. Ex. Humans, bears, etc.
iii. Carbon cycle :
The circulation and recycling of carbon from the atmosphere to living organisms and after their death back
to the atmosphere is called the carbon cycle.
Q.4 Solve the following questions. (Any one) (5)
1) The Oxygen cycle
 i. What amount of oxygen is available in the atmosphere?
ii. Which process mainly releases oxygen?
iii. Why do living organisms use oxygen?
iv. Other than respiration, give any two processes in which oxygen takes part?
v. What are aerobes and anaerobes?
Ans. i. Oxygen forms 21% of the atmosphere.
ii. Oxygen is released in the process of photosynthesis.`
iii. Living organisms use oxygen for Respiration.
iv. Combustion, decomposition, corrosion, rusting, etc. [any 2 ]
Microbes that use oxygen for respiration are called aerobes while Microbes which do not need oxygen are
v.
called anaerobes.
2) Write in detail about Antibiotics.

Ans. i. Carbon compounds obtained from some bacteria and fungi for destroying or preventing the growth of
harmful micro-organisms are called ‘antibiotics’.
ii. Antibiotics, a discovery of the 20th century, have brought about a revolution in the field of medicine.
iii. Even a disease like tuberculosis has been almost completely eradicated from some countries.
iv. Antibiotics mainly act against bacteria. Some antibiotics can destroy protozoa.
v. Some antibiotics are useful against a wide variety of bacteria. They are called broad- spectrum antibiotics.
Examples are ampicillin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, etc.
vi. When the pathogen cannot be identified even though the symptoms of disease are visible, broad spectrum
antibiotics are used.
vii.Whenever a pathogenic micro-organism is definitely known, then narrow-spectrum antibiotics are used.
Examples are penicillin, gentamycin, erythromycin, etc.