Integration 11H

2 1 2
∫
1
1 a Area
= ∫0 1 += dx  2ln 1 + x  0 e =
Area x 4 − x 2 dx
x 0

= (2 ln 2) − (2ln1) 3

∴ Area = 2ln2 Let y= (4 − x 2 ) 2

π 1 1
dy 3
b Area = ∫ sec x dx
3
⇒ 2 2 2 2
= (4 − x ) × (−2 x) =−3 x(4 − x )
0
dx 2
π
= ln sec x + tan x  03 2
 1 2 2
3
∴ Area = − (4 − x ) 
 3 0
 1  8
= (0) −  − × 23 =
 3  3

4x −1
2 a f ( x) =
( x + 2 )( 2 x + 1)
4x −1 A B
= +
( x + 2 )( 2 x + 1) x + 2 2 x + 1
4x =− 1 A ( 2 x + 1) + B ( x + 2 )
x = −2 ⇒ −9 = −3 A ⇒ A = 3
1 3
= [ln(2 + 3)] − [ln(1)] x = − ⇒ −3 = B ⇒ B = −2
2 2
∴ Area =ln(2 + 3) 3 2
f=( x) −
2
x + 2 2x +1
c Area = ∫ ln x dx
1
2  3 2 
u = ln x ⇒
du 1
= ∫0  −  dx
 x + 2 2x +1 
dx x 2
dv = 3ln ( x + 2 ) − ln ( 2 x + 1)  0
=1 ⇒ v = x
dx = 3ln 4 − ln 5 − 3ln 2 + ln1
2 1 = ln 64 − ln 5 − ln 8
[ x ln x ]1 − ∫1 x ×
2
∴Area
= dx
x 8
= ln
= (2 ln 2) − (0) − [ x ]1 5
2

= 2 ln 2 − 1

π
d Area = ∫ 4 sec x tan x dx
0
π
= [sec x ]4
0

= ( 2) − (1)
∴Area = 2 − 1

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 x A B π
2 b ≡ +
( x + 1) 2
( x + 1) 2
x +1
d Area
= ∫0
6
cos x 2sin x + 1 dx

3
⇒ x ≡ A + B ( x + 1)
Let y (2sin x + 1) 2
=
Compare coefficient of x: 1 = B ⇒ B = 1 1
dy 3
⇒= (2sin x + 1) 2 × 2 cos x
Compare constants: 0 =A+ B ⇒ A =−1 dx 2
1
2 x = 3cos x(2sin x + 1) 2
∴ area = ∫ dx
0 ( x + 1) 2 π
1 
3 6
2  1 1  ∴ area
=  (2sin x + 1) 2 
= ∫0  x + 1 ( x + 1)2  dx
 − 3 0
2
 1 
= ln x + 1 +
 x + 1  0
 1
=  ln 3 +  − (ln1 + 1)
 3
2
= ln 3 −
3
π
c Area = ∫ 2 x sin x dx
0

du
u =x ⇒ =1
dx
dv 1 3  1 3 
=sin x ⇒ v =− cos x =  2 2  −  12 
dx 3  3 
π π
2 2 1
[ − x cos x ] 2 − ∫ 2 ( − cos x ) dx
∴ area = = −
0 0
3 3
π
 π π 2 2 −1
=−
 cos  − (0) + ∫ 2 cos x dx =
 2 2 0
3
π
= 0 + [sin x ]02
 π 
=  sin − 0 
 2 
=1

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 2 e Area = ∫
1n 2
xe − x dx b I = ∫ x sin x dx
0
du
du Let u =x ⇒ =1
u =x ⇒ =1 dx
dx dv
dv =sin x ⇒ v =− cos x
= e− x ⇒ v = e− x dx
dx I= − x cos x + ∫ cos x dx
1n 2 1n2
 − xe − x  − ∫ (−e − x )dx
∴ area = − x cos x + sin x + c
=
0 0
1n2
=(−1n 2 × e −1n 2 ) − (0) + ∫ e − x dx Area between A and B:
0

[ − x cos x + sin x ]0 =
π
1 1n2 π
=−1n 2 × +  −e − x 
2 0

1 Area between B and C:

=− 1n 2 + (−e −1n 2 ) − (−e −0 )
[ − x cos x + sin x ]π =−2π − π =−3π
2π
2
1 1
=− 1n 2 − + 1
2 2 Total area = π + 3π =
4π
1
= (1 − 1n 2) 6 a I = ∫ x 2 ln x dx
2
du 1
4x + 3
2 Let u = ln x ⇒ =
3 Area = ∫ dx dx x
1 ( x + 2)(2 x − 1)
dv 2 x3
4x + 3 A B = x ⇒v=
= + dx 3
( x + 2)(2 x − 1) x + 2 2 x − 1
4 x +=3 A(2 x − 1) + B ( x + 2) x3 x3 1
Let x =−2 : −5 =−5 A ⇒ A =1 I= ln x − ∫ × dx
3 3 x
1 5 3 3
Let x = : 5= B ⇒ B= 2 x x
2 2 = ln x − + c
3 9
2 1 2 
Area = ∫  +  dx b x 2 ln x = 0 ⇒ x = 0 or 1
1
 x + 2 2x −1 
2
=ln x + 2 + ln 2 x − 1 1 Area between
= and x 1 :
x 0=
= ( ln 4 + ln 3) − ( ln 3 + ln1) 1
 x3 x3  1
= ln 4 3 ln x −  =
−
 9 0 9
4 1
4 Area = ∫  e0.5 x +  dx Area between
= and x 2 :
x 1=
2
 x
4
=  2e0.5 x + ln x  2
2  x3 x3   8 8 1
= ( 2e 2
+ ln 4 ) − ( 2e + ln 2 )  3 ln x − 9 =  3 ln 2 − 9  + 9
 1  
4 8 7
= 2e 2 − 2e + ln = ln 2 −
2 3 9
= 2e 2 − 2e + ln 2
8 7 1 8 2
Total area
= ln 2 − + = ln 2 −
5 a g( x)= 0 ⇒ A(0, 0), B(π , 0), C (2π , 0) 3 9 9 3 3
2
= (4 ln 2 − 1)
3

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7 a y 3cos x sin x + 1
= 8 a
Curve crosses the x axis when y = 0.
cos x = 0 or sin x = −1
π π 3π
x= − , ,
2 2 2
 π   π   3π 
A − , 0 , B  , 0  ,C  ,0
 2  2   2 

Curve crosses the y axis when x = 0.

So D(0,3) .

=b I ∫ 3cos x sin x + 1 dx
du
Let =
u sin x + 1 ⇒ = cos x
dx
3 f ( x) = g( x) ⇒ x 2 = 3 x − x 2
=I ∫3 du 2u + c
u= 2
2 x 2 − 3x = 0
3 x(2 x − 3) = 0
= 2(sin x + 1) 2 + c 3
x = 0 or
2
π
x =0 ⇒ y =0
=c R1 ∫ π 3cos x
−
2

2
sin x + 1 dx
3 9
x= ⇒y=
π
2 4
 
3 2
Points of intersection are
 2(sin x + 1) 2
 = 4 2 = 32
  −π 3 9
2 (0, 0) and  , 
2 4
3π 3
b Area under f ( x) between 0 and :
=R2 ∫π2
2
3cos x sin x + 1 dx 2
3
3
3π
 x 3  2 27 9

 2(sin x + 1)
3
2

 =
2
−4 2 =
− 32 ∫0
2
x 2 d=
x  = =
 3  0 24 8
  π
2
3
Area under g( x) between 0 and :
R=
1 R=
2 32 , so a = 32. 2
3
3
 3x 2 x3  2
∫
2
3
2
x − x d x =  2 − 3
0
 0
27 27 9
= − =
8 24 4

Area between the two curves

9 9 9
= − =
4 8 8

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9 a Points of intersection are when: 5π

2 cos x + 2 =−2 cos x + 4 c ∫π 3

(2 cos x + 2) dx
4 cos x = 2 3
5π
1 π π 5π = [ 2sin x + 2 x ]π 3
cos x = ⇒ x = − , or
2 3 3 3 3

π π 5π  10π   2π 
x= − , or ⇒y= 3  3+
=− − 3 + 
3 3 3  3   3 
 π   π   5π  8π
A  − ,3  , B  ,3  , C  ,3  =−2 3 +
 3  3   3  3
π 5π
b ∫−
3
π (2 cos x + 2) dx
3
∫π3
(−2 cos x + 4) dx
3
π 5π
= [ 2sin x + 2 x ]−3π [ −2sin x + 4 x ]π
= 3

3 3

 2π   2π  4π  20π   4π 
=  3+ −− 3 − =  2 3+ =  3+ −− 3 + 
 3   3  3  3   3 
4π 16π
= 2 3+ = 2 3+
3 3
π
 16π   8π 
∫ π (−2 cos x + 4) dx
−
3

3
R2  2 3 +
=
 3
 −  −2 3 +
 

3 
π
8π
[ −2sin x + 4 x ] 3π
=
−
= 4 3+
3
3

 4π   4π 
 3+
=− − 3 −  8π 4π
 3   3  R2 : R1 =
4 3+ :4 3−
3 3
8π
=−2 3 +
3 (
3 3 + 2π : 3 3 − π
= )( )
4π  8π  10 y = sin θ
R=
1 2 3+ −  −2 3 + 
3  3  π
Area under curve = 2 ∫ sin θ dθ because
4π 0
= 4 3− of the symmetry of the curve.
3
= 2 [ − cos θ ]0 = 2 + 2 = 4
π
4, b =
a= 3 (or a = 4, b = 4, c = −3 )
−4, c =

y = sin 2θ
π
Area under curve = 4 ∫ 2 sin 2θ dθ because
0
of the symmetry of the curve.
π
 1 2
= 4  − cos 2θ  = 2 + 2 = 4
 2 0

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11 a At A, cos x = sin x dx
∫ dt ∫0 t ( 3t ) dt
3
4
12 Area
==y 2 2
π 1
tan x =1 ⇒ x = ⇒ y =
4 2 3 3 5 3  103 
π 1 
= =
5
4
5 
( )
2 
A ' 
4 2 3 3  13  24 3
=
5
=(2 ) 2  5 2
b i R1
= Area
= under y cos x  
− Area under y =sin x between 24
⇒k =
5
π
=x 0= and x
4 π
dx
π π
13 =
Area ∫ dt ∫02 sin 2t (cos t )dt
=y
=R1 ∫ 0
4
cos x dx − ∫
0
4
sin x dx
π Using sin 2t = cos t sin t :
= [sin x + cos x ]04 π
Area = ∫ 2 sin t (cos 2 t )dt
2 0
= − 1= 2 −1 du
2 Let u =
cos t ⇒ =− sin t
dt
1
ii R2 = 2 × Area under y = sin x ⇒ dt = du
− sin t
π
between
= x 0= and x π
π
4  2u 3  2
π −2 ∫ u du =
Area = 2
− 3 
2
0
R2 2 ∫ 4 − cos x dx
=  0
0 π
 1   2 cos3 t 2
2 1 −
= =2− 2 =  − + c 
 2  3 0
2
π
π =   − ( 0)
3
iii R3
= ∫π sin x dx − ∫π cos x dx
2

4 4 2
π =
[ − cos x ]π − [sin x ]π2
=
π 3
4 4
14 a P is at point t = 2
1  1 
=1 + − 1 − = 2 x =( 2 + 1) =9
2
2  2
1 3
=y (2 ) =+3 7
(
c R1 : R2 = 2 − 1 : 2 − 2 )( ) 2
( 9, 7 )
= ( )(
2 −1 2 + 2 : 2 − 2 2 + 2 )( )( ) Equation of normal at P:
= 2 :2 dy
dy
= dt
dx dx
dt
dy 3 2 dx
= t , = 2t + 2
dt 2 dt
3 2 3 2
dy
t ( 2)
= = = 1 2 2
dx 2t + 2 4 + 2

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14 a Gradient of normal is negative reciprocal
of derivative at P ∴ m =−1
y − y1= m ( x − x1 )
y − 7 =−1( x − 9 )
16
y+x=

b
1 3
2  16
Area= ∫  t + 3  ( 2t + 2 ) dt + ∫ (16 − x ) dx
0 2
  9

∫ (t + t 3 + 6t + 6 )dt + ∫
2 16
=
0
4
9
(16 − x ) dx
2 16
t5 t4   x2 
=  + + 3t 2 + 6t  + 16 x − 
5 4 0  2 9
= 34.4 + 24.5
= 58.9

Challenge

Curves intersect at sin 2 x = cos x

2sin x cos x = cos x
1
sin x
= , cos x ≠ 0
2
π
x=
6
Shaded area
π π
=∫ 6 ( cos x − sin 2 x ) dx + ∫π4 ( sin 2 x − cos x ) dx
0
6
π π
 1 6  1 4
= sin x + cos 2 x  +  − cos 2 x − sin x 
 2 0  2 π
6

1 1  1  1   1 1
=  +  −0+  +0− −− − 
2 4  2  2   4 2
1 2 −1
=1− =
2 2
2− 2
=
2

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