MAT1322D Solution to Midterm 1A Summer 2013

Solution to Midterm Examination 1 (version A)

MAT 1322D, Fall 2011

1. (3 marks) Use the definition of improper integrals to find the value of improper integral
∞ x
∫0 1 + x 4 dx .
Solution. (i) Let u = x2, u' = 2x.

∞ x x 1 b2 1 1 1 π
[ ]
b b2
∫0 1+ x 4
dx = lim
b →∞ ∫0 1+ x 4
dx = lim
b →∞ ∫
2 1+ u
0 2
du =
2
lim
b →∞
arctan u u =0
= lim arctan b 2 = .
2 b →∞ 4

1 x +1
2. (3 marks) Use the comparison test to show that improper integral ∫ 0
x 2 x − x2
dx diverges.

x +1 1 1
Solution. When x is in interval (0, 1), 2x − x2 < 2x, and x + 1 > 1. > = .
x 2 x − x2 x 2x 2 x 3/ 2
1 1 1 x +1
Since ∫0 x 3/ 2
dx diverges, improper integral ∫
0
x 2 x − x2
dx diverges.

3. (3 marks) Let S be a solid with base bounded by the graph of y = 3x − x2 and the x-axis in the
interval [0, 3]. The cross sections perpendicular to the x-axis are semicircles. Find the volume
of this solid.

2
1  3x − x 2  π
Solution. The area of a cross section at x is A(x) = π   = (3 x − x ) . Hence, the
2 2

2  2  8
volume of the solid is

π 3 81π  3 3  81π
8∫
(9 x 2 − 6 x3 + x 4 )dx = 1 − +  = .
0 8  2 5  80

b
4. (3 marks) Recall that the length of the arc y = f (x), a ≤ x ≤ b is L = ∫ 1 + ( f '( x))2 dx . Find
a

x3 1
the length of the arc y = + , 1 ≤ x ≤ 3.
12 x

2
x2 1 x4 1 1 x4 1 1  x2 1 
Solution. y' = − 2 , ( y ') 2 = − + 4 , 1 + ( y ') 2 = + + 4 =  + 2  .
4 x 16 2 x 16 2 x  4 x 

3
 x2 1   x3 1 
3 17
Hence, the length of the arc is L = ∫  + 2 dx =  −  = .
1
 4 x  12 x  x =1 6

1
MAT1322D Solution to Midterm 1A Summer 2013

5. (4 marks) Find the work (in Joules) needed to build a stone column of diameter 2 m and height
10 m by lifting the stone from the ground level. (The density of stone is 4000 kg/m3, and the
acceleration of gravity g = 9.8 m/sec2).

Solution. Consider a layer of stone in the column at a height H with thickness dH. The cross
section is a circle with radius 1, whose area is π(1)2 = π. The volume of this layer is dV = π dH.
The weight of this layer is dw = 4000πg dH Newtons. The work needed to lift the stone in this
layer from the ground is dW = 4000πgHdH. Hence, the total work done is

10
10 1 
W = 4000π g ∫ HdH = 4000π g  H 2  ≈ 6.16 × 106 Joule.
0
2  H =0

6. (4 marks) Find the force, in Newtons, acting on a triangular surface submerged into water as
shown in the following figure:

Water level
h w
dh 3m
3−h

4m

(The density of water is 1000 kg/m3, and g = 9.8).

Solution. Consider a slice with depth h of thickness dh. The width w of the slice is found by
w 3− h 4 4
similar triangles: = , w = (3 − h) . The area is dA = (3 − h) dh. The force acting on
4 3 3 3
4
this slice is dF = (3 − h) ρhdh. The total force on this surface is
3

4000 g 3
F=
3 ∫
0
(3 − h)hdh ≈ 58800 Newtons.