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DBE NOV 2023 PAPER 1 MEMOS

ALGEBRA & EQUATIONS AND 1.2 x + 2 = 2y 1.3 2m + 1 + 2m = 3 n + 2 – 3 n

INEQUALITIES [24] ∴ x = 2y – 2 ...  â 2m . 2 + 2m = 3 n . 3 2 – 3 n

A
1 1 â 2m (2 + 1) = 3n (3 2 − 1)
+ = 1
1.1.1 x + x – 12 = 0
2 x y â 3 . 2m = 8 . 3 n
∴ (x + 4)(x – 3) = 0
(% x y) â y + x= x y ...  2m 3n
(÷ 3 . 8) =
8 3
∴ x+4 = 0 or x–3 = 0  in : ∴ y + (2y – 2) = y(2y – 2) 2m 3n

T
â =
 x = –4  â x = 3  ∴ 3y – 2 = 2y2 – 2y 23 3
∴ 0 = 2y2 – 5y + 2 â 2m − 3 = 3 n − 1
1.1.2 3x – 2x = 6
2 ∴ (2y – 1)(y – 2) = 0
only possible if m – 3 = 0 and n – 1 = 0
1
∴ 3x – 2x – 6 = 0
2
∴ y = or y = 2 â m =3 â n =1
2
2 2
− ( − 2) ± ( − 2) − 4(3)( − 6) – b ± b – 4ac â m+n = 4 
∴ x = ... x = For y =
1
: x = 2 ⎛⎜ 1 ⎞⎟ – 2 = –1
2(3) 2a 2 ⎝2⎠
= 2± 4 + 72
& For y = 2 : x = 2(2) – 2 = 2 OR : 2m (2 + 1) = 3n (3 2 − 1)
6
 1,79 or – 1,12  ⎛ ⎞
∴ Solution : ⎜ 1; 1 ⎟ or (2; 2)  â 2m . 3 = 3 n . 8
2
⎝ ⎠
2m 8
=
1.1.3 2x + 1 = x–1 3n 3
2 OR :
∴ ( 2x + 1) = (x – 1)2 â
2m
=
23
x + 2 = 2y 3 n 3
∴ 2x + 1 = x2 – 2 x + 1
∴ x = 2y – 2 ...  â m = 3 and n = 1
∴ 0 = x2 – 4 x
1 1 â m+n = 4 
∴ x(x – 4) = 0 + = 1 ... 
x y
∴ x = 0 or 4
1 1
For x = 0  in : ∴ + = 1 % y(2y – 2)
Only x = 4  ... 2y − 2 y
is neg
∴ y + 2y – 2 = y(2y – 2)
∴ y + 2y – 2 = 2y2 – 2y
1.1.4 x – 3 > 2x
2

∴ 2y2 – 5y + 2 = 0
â x2 – 2 x – 3 > 0 + – +
∴ (2y – 1)(y – 2) = 0
â (x – 3)(x + 1) > 0 –1 3
1
∴ y = or y = 2
â x < –1 or x > 3  2
∴ x = – 1 or x = 2
⎛ ⎞
â ⎜ 1; 1 ⎟ or (2; 2) 
⎝ 2⎠

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2.2.1 General form : Tn = an2 + bn + c OR :
PATTERNS & SEQUENCES [26]
T1 = 3 ; T2 – T1 = 9 and T3 – T2 = 21 Tn + 1 – Tn = 6(n + 1)2 – 9(n + 1) + 6 – (6n2 – 9n + 6)
2.1 A.S. : 7 + 12 + 17 + . . . = 6(n2 + 2n + 1) – 9n – 9 + 6 – 6n2 + 9n – 6
â The pattern : 3 12 33 66 111
= 6n2 + 12n + 6 – 9 – 6n2
1st differences : 9 21 33 45 = 12n – 3
2.1.1 a = 7 ; d = 5 ; T91? ; n = 91

A
nd
2 differences : 12 12 12
Since n ≥ 1 and a whole number
Tn = a + (n – 1)d
. . . since n = the number of terms
T5 = 66 + 45 = 111 
â T91 = 7 + (91 – 1)(5)
12n – 3 has a minimum value of 12(1) – 3 = 9, which
= 457 
is positive
OR : General term, Tn = an + b 2.2.2 T1 = a + b + c = 3

T
â The difference between consecutive terms Tn and Tn + 1
2a = 12 . . . Common 2nd difference
where a = 5 and b = 2 will always be positive.
â a = 6
â T91 = 5(91) + 2 â The pattern is increasing for all n ∈N 
= 457  & 3a + b = 9 . . . The first 1st difference
â 18 + b = 9
â b = –9
n
2.1.2 S n = (a + Tn) â 6 + (– 9) + c = 3
2
91 â c = 6
∴ S 91 = (7 + T91)
2
â Tn = 6n2 – 9n + 6 
91
= (7 + 457)
2
= 21 112  dTn
2.2.3 = 12n – 9
dn
n⎡
OR : Sn = 2a + (n – 1)d⎦⎤ 3
2⎣ If n > 12n – 9 > 0
4
91
∴ S 91 = ⎡2(7) + (91 − 1)(5)⎦⎤ Since n ∈N the derivative will always be positive
2 ⎣
= 21 112  â Tn is always increasing for all n ∈N 

OR : Tn = 6n2 – 9n + 6
2.1.3 n? ; Tn = 517
−9
Tn = a + (n – 1)d  517 = 7 + (n – 1)(5) A of S : n = –
2(6)
â 517 = 7 + 5n – 5 3
=
â 515 = 5n 4

â n = 103  3
4
OR : Tn = an + b
â 517 = 5n + 2
â 515 = 5n
â n = 103 
â Tn is always increasing for all n ∈N 

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3.1 G.S. : 3 + 6 + 12 + . . . to n terms 3.2 Arithmetic Sequence Geometric Sequence
NOTES
1st term : T1 = x T1 = x
3.1.1 a = 3 ; r = 2 1
d = 3 r =
3
Tn = ar n − 1  Tn = 3 . 2 n − 1 
n⎡ a

A
Sn = 2a + (n  1)d⎤⎦ S =
2⎣ 1−r
k
3.1.2 ∑ 32 (2)
p=1
p
= 98 301 . . . i.e. S k = 98 301 S22 =
22
⎡2 x + (22 − 1)(3)⎤⎦
2 ⎣
=
1− 1
x
3
3x
3 3 3 3 = 11(2x + 63) =
LHS = (2)1 + (2)2 + (2)3 + . . . . + (2)k

T
3 −1
2 2 2 2
3x
3 = 22x + 693 =
= 3 + 6 + 12 + .... + (2)k 2
2

S22 of the A.S. = S of the G.S. + 734

Sum, Sn , of a G.S. with a = 3 ; r = 2 ; n = k
3x
â 22x + 693 = + 734
Sn =
(
a rn – 1 ) 2
r –1 (% 2) â 44x + 1 386 = 3x + 1 468

Sk =
(
3 2k − 1 ) â 41x = 82
2 −1 â x = 2
= 3(2k – 1) i.e. T1 = 2 

â 3(2 k – 1) = 98 301
â 2 k – 1 = 32 767
â 2 k = 32 768
â k = log2 32 768 . . . OR, by inspection
â k = 15 

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x
FUNCTIONS & GRAPHS [32] 4.5 g( x) = 2 – 4 + 4
NOTES
â g( x) = 2 x  for x ∈ [ – 2; 4)
4.1 y = –4 
y

4.2 At B, y = 0 g

A
x
â 2 –4 = 0
f
x
â 2 = 4
x
â x = 2 –2 O B 4

â B(2; 0)  A

T
4.3 y-intercept of f :
f (0) = 20 – 4 = 1 – 4 = – 3 4.6 The domain of g –1 = the range of g y
(4; 16)
1 ⎛
â A(0; – 3) range of g : ≤ y < 16 1⎞ g
4 ⎜− 2; 4 ⎟
â y-intercept of k, c = – 3 ⎝ ⎠
1 x
3 â domain of g –1 : ≤ x < 16 
Gradient, m = . . . by inspection 4
2
0 − ( − 3) 3
or : mAB = =
2−0 2

3
4.7 y = log 2 x for x ∈ ⎡⎢ 1 ; 16⎞⎟ 
â Eqn of k : y = x–3 ⎣4 ⎠
2 y
3
i.e. k(x) = x–3 
2

f
k

B(2; 0) 4
x
–2 O
A(0; – 3)

4.4 The vertical distance = k(x) – f (x)

= k(1) – f (1)
k (1) = 3 (1) – 3 &
= – 3 – (– 2) ... 2
2
f (1) = 2 1 – 4
1
= unit 
2

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5.1 Turning point of f : B(1; 8)  5.6 At any point(s) of intersection : B
C
h( x ) = g( x )
5.2 At C, x=0 â – 2x + k =
8 g
x x
1
& f (0) = – 1 (0 – 1)2 + 8 = 7 (% x ) â – 2x 2 + k x = 8
–3 O 5
2 2 f
⎛ 1⎞ % ( –1) â 2x 2 – k x + 8 = 0

A
â C ⎜0 ; 7 ⎟ 
⎝ 2⎠ y = – 2x + k
Δ = (– k)2 – 4(2)(8) Δ = b2 – 4ac
= k2 – 64
5.3 B(1; 8) a point on g
d d There will be no points of intersection if Δ < 0
 g(1) = =8 . . . g(x) =
1 x k2 – 64 < 0

T
â d = 8 
â (k + 8)(k – 8) < 0
–8 8
â –8 < k < 8 
5.4 y∈R ; y ≠ 0 

y
8
5.7 g  ( x) = −
5.5 –3 ≤ x < 0 or x ≥ 5  x2 C
B
8
â − = –2 R
x2 g
y
â x = 4
2
x
B –3 O 5
C â x = ±2 f
â R(2; 4)
y = – 2x + k
y = – 1 (x – 1)2 + 8 + t
g 2

x â 4 = – 1 (2 – 1)2 + 8 + t
–3 O 5 2
â 4 = – 1 +8+t
f 2
1
â t = –3 
2

f (x ) : f (x ) < 0 f (x ) > 0 f (x ) > 0 f (x ) < 0

g (x ) : g (x ) < 0 g (x ) < 0 g (x ) > 0 g (x ) > 0

f (x ) . g (x ) : + ve – ve + ve – ve

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6.2.2 New laptop :
FINANCE, GROWTH & DECAY [16]
8,7% 0,087
Fv = R20 000 ; n = 60 ; i = =
12 12
r
6.1 P = R18 500 ; i = % ; n = 6 ; A = 19 319,48 ⎡ 60 ⎤
12
x ⎢⎛⎜ 1 + 0,087 ⎞⎟ − 1⎥
x ⎡⎢(1 + i ) n − 1⎤⎥ 12
Fv = ⎣ ⎦  20 000 = ⎣⎢⎝ ⎠ ⎦⎥
6
n ⎛ i ⎞ i 0,087
6.1.1 A = P(1 + r)  19 319,48 = 18 500 ⎜1 +

A
⎝ 12 ⎟⎠ 12
6
â x = 267,2611…
⎛ i ⎞ 19 319,48
â ⎜1 + =
⎝ 12 ⎟⎠ 18 500 â x = R267,27  . . . R267,26 will give a value just
= 1,04429.... short of R20 000
i
â 1+ = 6 1,04429....

T
12 11,2
= 1,00725....
6.3 Pv = R1 600 000 ; i = % ; x = 20 000 ; n?
12
i
â = 0,00725
12 x ⎡⎢1 – (1 + i )− n⎤⎥
Pv = ⎣ ⎦
â i j 0,087 i
â r j 8,70% 
⎡ −n⎤
20 000 ⎢1 − ⎛⎜ 1 + 11,2% ⎞⎟ ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎥
â 1 600 000 = ⎦
m 11,2%
⎛ i ⎞
6.1.2 1 + i eff = ⎜1 + nom ⎟ 12
⎝ m ⎠
⎡ 0,112 ⎞ ⎤
−n
⎢1 − ⎛⎜ 1 +
12
â 1 + i eff = ⎛⎜1 + 0,087 ⎞⎟ ⎟ ⎥
⎢ ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎥⎦
⎝ 12 ⎠ â 80 = ⎣
0,112
â 1 + i eff = 1,09055… 12
â i eff = 0,09055… −n
= 1 – ⎛⎜1 + 0,112 ⎞⎟
⎛ % 0,112 ⎞ 56
⎜ ⎟ â
j 9,06%  ⎝ 12 ⎠ 75 ⎝ 12 ⎠
−n
â ⎛⎜1 + 0,112 ⎞⎟
56
= 1–
⎝ 12 ⎠ 75
6.2.1 The value of the laptop decreasing to R0 :
19
â – n = log
P = R10 000 ; n? ; i = 0,2 ; A = R0 (1 + )
0,112 75
12

A = P(1 – in)  0 = 10 000(1 – 0,2n) = – 147,79…

â 0 = 1 – 0,2n â n = 147,79…
â 0,2n = 1
1 â He can make 147 withdrawals of R20 000 
â n =
0,2
â n = 5 years 

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7.3
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS [37] The tangent to a graph :
NOTES
The gradient of the tangent to a graph
f is the derivative, f ( x)
7.1 f (x) = – 4 x2
∴ f ( x + h) = – 4( x + h) 2 f ( x) = – 2 x 3 + 8 x
= – 4( x 2 + 2 x h + h 2 ) â The gradient of the tangent = f ( x) = – 6 x 2 + 8

A
= – 4x – 8xh –
2 4h 2
f  ( x) > 0  – 6 x 2 + 8 > 0
∴ f ( x + h) – f ( x ) = –8 x h – 4h 2
f (x + h) − f ( x) The graph of y = f ( x) :
∴ = –8 x – 4h
h
The roots : – 6x 2 + 8 = 0
f( x + h) − f( x )
∴ f ( x) = lim

T
h →0 h â 6x 2 – 8 = 0
â 6x 2 = 8
defin of a = lim (− 8 x − 4h) – 2
2
4
derivative h →0 â x2 = 3 3
= – 8x  3
2
â x = ±
3
− 4( x + h)2 − ( − 4x2 ) 2 2
OR : f ( x) = lim â – < x < 
h →0 h 3 3

= lim − 4 x − 8xh − 4h + 4x
2 2 2

h or –1,15 < x < 1,15 

h →0
2
= lim − 8xh − 4h
h →0 h
= lim ( − 8x − 4h)
h →0

= – 8x

7.2.1 f ( x) = 2 x 3 – 3 x
∴ f  ( x) = 6 x 2 – 3 

7.2.2 ( 2
Dx 7 . x 3 + 2 x− 5 )
−1
= 7. 2 x 3
+ 2 . − 5 x− 6
3
14 −1
= .x 3 − 10 x − 6 
3

= 141 – 106 
3 x3 x

= 14
3
– 106 
3 x x

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8.1 f (x ) = – x 3 + 6x 2 – 9x + 4 = (x – 1)2 (– x + 4) 8.4 At the point of inflection : f ( x) = 0
NOTES
At the turning points, f ( x ) = 0 â f ( x) = – 6x + 12 = 0
â – 6 x = –12
â f ( x ) = – 3x 2 + 12x – 9 = 0
â x = 2
÷ (– 3) : x 2 – 4x + 3 = 0
â
f (2) = 2
â (x – 1)(x – 3) = 0

A
â x = 1 or 3 â The point of inflection is (2; 2) 
2 (–1
f (1) = (1 – 1) + 4) The gradient of the tangent to f,
= 0
a = f (2) = – 3(2)2 + 12(2) – 9
& f (3) = (3 – 1)2 (– 3 + 4) = –12 + 24 – 9
= 4 = 3

T
â Turning points are (1; 0) and (3; 4) 
Substitute a = 3 and (2; 2) in y = a x + b :
â 2 = (3)(2) + b or y – y1 = m(x – x1)
â b = –4 â y – 2 = 3(x – 2), etc.
8.2 Y-intercept : f (0) = 4
â The eqn of g : y = 3x – 4 
(x = 0) â (0; 4)

X-intercepts : ( x – 1)2 (– x + 4) = 0
( y = 0) â x = 1 ('twice' : this is also a t.pt) 8.5 tan θ = 3 . . . the gradient of g
or x=4 â  = 71,57º 
â (1; 0) and (4; 0)

y
(3; 4)
(0; 4)

x
O (1; 0) (4; 0) f

8.3 0 < k < 4 

y
(3; 4)
y = k could be (0; 4)
(the eqn of) any of
these grey lines.
They all cut f at
3 distinct points. x
O (1; 0) (4; 0) f

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9.1 The area of rectangle ABCD : x 3 cm
NOTES
x % AB = 432 cm2 432
x 4 cm
432
â AB = cm
x 4 cm 3 cm

A
⎛ 432 ⎞
â The total area = ( x + 8) ⎜ + 6⎟
⎝ x ⎠
3 456
= 432 + 6x + + 48
x
3 456
= + 6 x + 480 
x

T
9.2 The total area, A = 3 456 x –1 + 6 x + 480
dA
For minimum value, = 0
dx
â – 3 456 x – 2 + 6 = 0
3 456
â – = –6
x2
% (– x 2) â 3 456 = 6 x 2
(÷ 6) â 576 = x2
â x = 24 cm ... x>0 

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10.3.1 No. of ways : 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
PROBABILITY [15]
â 10 ! = 3 628 800 
10.1.1 For independent events, A and B :
P(A and B) = P(A) % P(B) 10.3.2 The youngest learners with 5 learners in between.
1 3
= % 2 8 7 6 5 4 1
3 4

A
1
=  Think of the two youngest learners and 5 learners in
4
between as one unit. So arrange 4 "groups", i.e. 4 !
10.1.2 P(at least ONE event occurs)
no. of ways = 4! % (2 % 8 % 7 % 6 % 5 % 4 % 1)
= P(A or B)
= 322 560

T
= P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B)
322 560 n(E)
1 3 1 â PROBABILITY = . . . P(E) =
= + – 3 628 800 n(S)
3 4 4 4
5 = 
=  45
6

OR :
OR : P(at least one event)
2 % 8 % 7 % 6 % 5 % 4 % 1 % 3 % 2 % 1
1 1 1 A B
= + +
12 4 2 1 1 1
8 % 2 % 7 % 6 % 5 % 4 % 3 % 1 % 2 % 1
5 12 4 2
= 
6
8 % 7 % 2 % 6 % 5 % 4 % 3 % 2 % 1 % 1

8 % 7 % 6 % 2 % 5 % 4 % 3 % 2 % 1 % 1
10.2.1 Temperature
B B : below 0ºC 4 % 2 % 8! n(E)
72% â PROBABILITY = . . . P(E) =
A : above 0ºC 10! n(S)
S 4
= 
45
5% 28%
A
OR :
B
35% 2
95% P(either younger child) =
10
S P(second younger child) =
1
9
65%
A Younger children could be in positions 1 and 7,
or 2 and 8, or 3 and 9, or 4 and 10.

10.2.2 P(A) = P(S and A) + P(S and A) â PROBABILITY =

2
%
1
%4
10 9
= 5% % 28% + 95% % 65%
4
= 
= 1,4% + 61,75% 45
= 63,15% 

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