RATIONAL EQUATIONS

Rational equation, also known as algebraic expressions, are equations that contains one or more rational
equations. This type of equation can be found and used in our daily lives, such as banking, photography,
and speed.

To solve it, you must get the least common denominator (LCD) of all denominators and then multiply it
on both sides for the purpose of cancelling the denominators. Next, you should solve for the variable.

If the equation is linear > you should put the constants in one side and the variables in the other place

If the equation is quadratic > you should put everything in one side, it also mean to set the equation to 0
then factor.

If you have the right solution, you must check your answers by substitute the answer to its
corresponding variable.

eg:

Quadratic Linear
Extraneous solution:

These are the solutions that transformed into a new expression that wasn’t related to the original
equation or the denominator became 0.

You will notice it if you check your answer by substitute the answer to its corresponding variable

1 1 4
Eg: + =
x−2 x +2 (x−2)(x+ 2)
1 1 4
[ + = ](x +2)
x−2 x +2 ( x−2 ) ( x+ 2 )

( x−2 ) + ( x +2 )=4
2 x=4
4
x=2
When we check it

1 1 4
+ =
2−2 2+2 ( 2−2)(2+2)
1 1 4
+ =
0 4 0
2 is not the solution, rather an extraneous solution.

INTEGRAL EXPONENTS AND RULES OF EXPONENT

Product rules:
x y x+ y 2 3 5
a ∙ a =a ===> 2 ∙2 =2 =32
x x x 2 2 2 2
a ∙ b =( a ∙ b ) ===> 3 ∙2 = ( 3∙ 2 ) =6 =36
Quotient Rules:
x 3
a x− y 3
y
=a ===> 2 =3
a 3

() ( )
x x 2 2
a a 21 21 2
x
= ===> 2
= =( 3 ) =9
b b 7 7
Power Rules:
m 2
( b n ) =bnm ===> ( 22 ) =24=16 ,
2 2
nm (n¿¿ m)¿
b =b ==> 22 =22 =2 4=16
4
√ bn=bn /m
m
===> √
2 4 2
3 =3 2 =3 =9
1 1
b = √ b ===> 16 5 = √ 16=2
m m 5

Zero rules:
0 0
a =1=¿ >10000 =0
n 5
0 =0 , n ≠0=¿> 0 =0
One rules:
1 1
b =b=¿>3 =3
n 34
1 =1=¿>1 =1

Minus one rules

(−1 )n=1 , n=even (−1 )n=−1, n=odd

Negative exponent rules

−n 1 −3 1 1 1 3
b = =¿> 2 = 3 = ∨ −3 =2 =8
2 8 2
n
b
THE CARTESIAN PLANE

The Cartesian coordinate system is a system that created by Rene Descartes. It is common on graphs
and maps.

It is consist of two perpendicular number lines known as the coordinate axes that divides into four
quadrants. The vertical line is called the x axis and the horizontal line is called the y axis. The exact
center is called the origin, it is at (0,0).

When we plot a point, it can be describe as a number pair. The first one is the x-coordinate or the
abscissa that is located at the x-axis and the second one is the y-coordinate or the ordinate that can be
located at the y-axis.
Graphing linear equations in 2 variables

Linear equations in 2 variables is an equation that can be written in this form:

ax +by =c
5 x−2 y=0
You can use a graph. You can think of a constant in x or y coordinates:

eg

A B C
X 2 0 2
Y

Then substitute it

Eg.

5 ( 2 )−2 y=0
10−2 y =0
−2 y −10
=
−2 −2
y=5

A B C
X -2 0 2
Y -5 0 5

Or use the intercept method

To find the x-intercept, you must equate the y coordinate to 0 and evaluate it

Let’s use this as an example:

4 x+5 y =20
4 x 20
5 y=0∨ =
4 4
x=5
It means, the x-intercept is in the coordinates of (5,0)

5 y 20
4 x=0∨ =
5 5
 y=4

Then the y-intercept is (0,4).

The coordinates are (5,0) (0,4)

4 x+5 y =20

PROBLEM SOLVING

Math is everywhere, from how manly steps you have in a day to how much the cost of every goods in
the market.

First, you must read and analyze the problem. After that, understand it then get all the data you can get
from the problem then find what formula is appropriate for the problem then find what is asked.

Eg:

A cyclist covers a distance of 15 miles in 2 hours. Calculate his speed.

Speed Distance Time

Cyclist ? 15 miles 2 hours

d
Formula: s=
t
15
Solution: s= =7.5
2
It means that his speed is 7.5mph.