Solution
POLYNOMIALS
Class 09 - Mathematics
1. We have,
x3 - 512
= (x)3 - (8)3
= (x - 8) [(x)2 + x × 8 + (8)2] Since a3 - b3 = (a - b)(a2 + a × b + b2)
= (x - 8) (x2 + 8x + 64)
This is the required factorisation.
2. 6x2 + 5x - 6
= 6x2 + 9x - 4x - 6
= 3x(2x+ 3) -2(2x + 3)
= (2x + 3)(3x - 2)
3. 1
−2
+ 3x + 5 may be written as 1
4
x2 + 3x + 5. Thus, it is an expression having only non-negative integral powers of x.
4x
Since the highest power of x is 2, therefore,
the given expression is a polynomial of degree 2.
4. (d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: x2 + 7x + 12 = 0
⇒ x2 + 4x + 3x + 12 = 0
⇒ x(x + 4) + 3(x + 4) = 0
⇒ (x + 4) (x + 3) = 0
⇒ (x + 4) = 0 or (x + 3) = 0
⇒ x = -4 or x = -3
Therefore, x2 + 7x + 12 has two real zeroes.
5. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
6. p(y) = y2 – y + 1
∴ p(0) = (0)2 – (0) + 1 = 1,
p(1) = (1)2 – (1) + 1 = 1,
p(2) = (2)2 – (2) + 1 = 4 – 2 + 1 = 3
7. Let p(x) = 2x3 + ax2 + x + b. Then, (x + 2 = 0 ⇒ x = -2) and (2x - 1 = 0 ⇒ 2x = 1 ⇒ x = 1
2
)
Now, (x + 2) and (2x - 1) will be factors of p(x), if p (-2) = 0 and p( 1
2
) =0
p(-2) = 0 ⇒ 2 × (-2)3 + a × (-2)2 + (-2) + b = 0
⇒ -16 + 4a - 2 + b = 0 ⇒ 4a + b = 18 ...(i)
3 2 3
p( 1
2
) =0⇒2×( 1
2
) +a×( 1
2
) +( 1
2
) +b=0
⇒ (2 ×
1
8
) + (a ×
1
4
) +
1
2
+b=0
a
⇒
1
4
+
4
+
1
2
+ b = 0 ⇒ a + 4b = -3 ...(ii)
On solving (i) and (ii), we get a = 5 and b = -2
Therefore, a = 5 and b = -2 are the required values.
8. 27 − 125a − 135a + 225a 3 2
The expression 27 − 125a − 135a + 225a can be written as 3 2
3 3
= (3) − (5a) − 3 × 3 × 3 × 5a + 3 × 3 × 5a × 5a
3 3
= (3) − (5a) + 3 × 3 × 5a (3 − 5a) .
3
Using identity (x − y) = x
3
− y
3
− 3xy (x − y)
3 3 3
(3) − (5a) + 3 × 3 × 5a (3 − 5a) , weget(3 − 5a)
Therefore, after factorizing the expression 27 − 125a 3 2
− 135a + 225a , weget(3 − 5a)
3
1/3
9. x3 - 3x2 - 9x - 5
We need to consider the factors of -5 which are ±1, ±5
Let us substitute 1 in the polynomial x3 - 3x2 - 9x - 5,to get
(-1)3 - 3(-1)2 - 9(-1) - 5 = - 1 - 3 + 9 - 5 = 0
Thus, according to factor theorem, we can conclude that (x + 1) is a factor of the polynomial x3 - 3x2 - 9x - 5
x3 - 3x2 - 9x - 5 = (x + 1) (x2 - 4x - 5)
= (x + 1) (x2 + x - 5x - 5)
= (x + 1) [x(x + 1) - 5(x + 1)]
= (x + 1)(x - 5)(x + 1)
Therefore, we can conclude that on factorizing the polynomial x3 - 3x2 - 9x - 5, we get (x + 1)(x - 5)(x + 1)
10. As we know,
3 3 3 2 2 2
a + b + c − 3abc = (a + b + c) (a + b + c − ab − bc − ca)
2 2 2
= (a + b + c) [ a + b + c − (ab + bc + ca)]
2 2 2
= 5 {a + b + c − (ab + bc + ca)}
2 2 2
= 5 (a + b + c − 10)
Now, a + b + c = 5
Squaring both sides, we get
2 2
(a + b + c) = 5
2 2 2
⇒ a + b + c + 2(ab + bc + ca) = 25
2 2 2
∴ a + b + c + 2(10) = 25
2 2 2
⇒ a + b + c = 25 − 20 = 5
Now, a 3
+ b
3
+ c
3
− 3abc = 5 (a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
− 10)
= 5(5 − 10) = 5(−5) = −25
Hence, proved.
11. We have, f(x) = 2x3−3x2 + ax + b
Zeros of f(x) are 0 and -1
Substitute x = 0 in f(x),we get,
f(0) = 2(0)3 - 3(0)2 + a(0) + b
=0-0+0+b
= b .... (1)
Substitute x = (-1) in f(x),we have,
f(-1) = 2(−1)3 - 3(−1)2 + a(−1) + b
= -2 - 3 - a + b
= – 5 - a + b .....(2)
We need to equate equations 1 and 2 to zero
b = 0 and – 5 – a + b = 0
since, the value of b is zero
substitute b = 0 in equation 2
2/3
⟹–5–a=–b
⟹–5–a=0
a=–5
3/3
