1 SCI

ENCE-
VI

SCI
ENCENOTES
CLASSVI

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 MULTI
PLECHOI
CE(
cir
clet
her
ightopt
ion)
:

1.Toget
herwi
tht
het
hingsar
oundy
ou,
cal
l
ed.
A.Sur
roundi
ngs B.Env
ironment C.Bot
h

2.Car
s,t
rucks,
emi
tgases,
causepol
l
uti
on,
wider
oads,
heav
ytr
aff
ic,
Env
ironmentcal
l
ed.
A.Vi
l
lageenv
ironment B.Ci
tyEnv
ironment C.Notany

3.Smal
lbodyofwat
eri
nvi
l
lage,
cal
l
ed.
A.Ri
ver B.Pond C.Sea

4.
Env
ironmentoft
hePondi
ncl
ude.
A.Fi
sh B.I
nsect
s C.Wat
erweeds D.Al
l

5.
Cir
clet
henonl
i
vingt
hingoft
heenv
ironment
.
A.Ani
mal B.Pl
ant C.Wat
er

6.
Ther
elat
ionshi
pbet
weenl
i
vingor
gani
smsandt
hei
renv
ironment
,cal
l
ed.
A.Env
ironment B.Ecosy
stem

7.
Thardeser
tfoundi
n:
A.Punj
ab B.Si
ndhC.
KPK

8.Secondhi
ghestpeak,
presenti
nPaki
stan,
cal
l
ed.
A.Gor
akh B.K2 C.MountEv
erest

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9.Whi
chonei
snotl
i
vingt
hing?

A.Human B.Pl
ant C.Chai
r

10.Thi
nlay
erofOzonegaspr
esentar
ound.

A.Sun B.Ear
th

11.Thepr
ocessofbr
eat
hing,
cal
l
ed.

A.Excr
eti
on B.Di
gest
ion C.Respi
rat
ion

12.Fi
shbr
eat
het
hrough.

A.Gi
l
ls B.Nose C.St
omat
a

13.Pl
ant
sbr
eat
het
hrough.

A.Gi
l
ls B.Nose C.St
omat
a

14.Phot
osy
nthesi
spr
ocesst
akespl
aceat
.

A.Day B.Ni
ght

15.Pl
ant
sexcr
eteCar
bondi
oxi
de (
CO2)at
.

A.Day B.Ni
ght

16.Shoul
dwesl
eepundert
het
reeatni
ght
?

A.Yes B.No

17.Gr
eenpl
ant
smaket
hei
rownf
ood,
usi
ngSunl
i
ght
,Wat
erand_
___
___
___
___
___
.

A. Oxy
gen B.Car
bondi
oxi
de C.Hy
drogen

18.Al
ll
iv
ingt
hingsar
emadeupof
.

A.At
oms B.Cel
l
s

19.Mi
croscopeusedt
othi
ngs.

A.Smal
l B.Bi
g

20.Out
erl
ayeroft
hepl
antcel
li
s__
__.
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A.Cel
lwal
l B.Cel
lmembr
ane

21.Out
erl
ayeroft
heani
mal
cel
li
s__
__.

A.Cel
lwal
l B.Cel
lmembr
ane

22.
___
___
___
___
_al
lfunct
ionsoft
hecel
l
.

A.Cel
lwal
l B.Nucl
eus C.Vacuol
e

23.I
npl
antcel
l
,vacuol
esar
e.

A.Smal
l B.Bi
g

24.Al
ll
iv
ingt
hingsar
edi
vi
dedi
nto_
___
___gr
oups.

A.3 B.4 C.
2

24.Fr
ogl
i
vesi
n.

A.Wat
er B.Land C.Bot
h

25.Ver
tebr
ateani
mal
shav
ever
tebr
alcol
umn/backbone.

A.Tr
ue B.Fal
se

26.Humansar
e.

A.Her
biv
ore B.Omni
vor
e C.Car
niv
ore

27.Par
asi
tespr
epar
ethei
rownf
ood.

A.Tr
ue B.Fal
se

28.Remov
alofwast
emat
eri
alsf
rom t
hebodyofl
i
vingt
hings,
cal
l
ed.

A.Respi
rat
ion B.Excr
eti
on

29.Leav
esar
egr
eenduet
o.

A.Chl
orophy
ll B.Cy
topl
asm

30.Label
edt
hedi
agr
am (
Ani
mal
cel
l
).

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31.Lay
erofai
rar
oundt
heear
th,
cal
l
ed.

A.At
mospher
e B.Env
ironment

32.Ai
rismat
ter
.

A.Tr
ue B.Fal
se

33.Anywhi
choccupyspaceandhasmass,
cal
l
ed.

A.Cel
l B.Mass

34.Oxy
gengashel
psi
nbur
ning.

A.Tr
ue B.Fal
se

35.Bur
ning,
breat
hingandr
ust
ingar
ethepr
ocessofOxi
dat
ion.

A.Tr
ue B.Fal
se

36.Ent
ryofhar
mful
thi
ngsi
ntheenv
ironment
,cal
l
ed.

A.Pol
l
uti
on B.Ev
olut
ion

37.Pol
l
uti
oni
sgoodf
orheal
th.

A.Tr
ue B.Fal
se
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38.Pr
essur
eofai
riscal
l
ed

A.Pr
essur
e B.At
mospher
icpr
essur
e

39.Ther
ear
e__
___
___
___t
ypesofBar
omet
er.

A.2 B.3 C.4

CHAPTER-
04

WATERANDI
TSI
MPORTANCE

40.Humanbodyconsi
stsof_
___
___%ofwat
er.

A.60 B.70 C.80

41.Ev
apor
ati
on:Whenwat
erchangesi
ntowat
erv
apour
s.

42.Condensat
ion:
for
mat
ionofcl
oudsf
rom t
hev
apour
s,pr
ocesscal
l
ed,
Condensat
ion.

43.Pr
eci
pit
ati
on:
Processi
nwhi
chcl
oudsbecomev
erycol
dandf
orm Snow.

44.Watercycl
e:Sunchangeswaterint
ovapour
s,whi
chf
orm cl
ouds,
cloudsr
iseupandt
urni
nto
dropl
etsofwaterandfal
lasrai
n,snowandHail
.

45.Composi
ti
onofwat
er.Wat
ercomposedof2Hy
drogenat
omsand1oxy
genat
om.

46.St
atesofwat
er:
Sol
i
d,Li
qui
dandGas.

47.Pr
oper
ti
esofwat
er:

 Col
orl
essandodor
less

 Wat
erf
reezesatt
het
emper
atur
e0℃

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 Boi
lat100℃ andwhenwat
erboi
lchangei
ntov
apour
s.

48.WATERPURI
FICATI
ON:

 Chl
ori
nat
ion:
Chl
ori
negaski
l
lst
heger
mspr
esenti
nwat
er

 Boi
l
ing:Wat
ershoul
dboi
lforatl
east20mi
nut
es.

 Fi
l
trat
ion:
thi
spr
ocesssepar
atel
i
qui
dfr
om sol
i
d.

 Dist
il
lat
ion:
inthi
spr
ocessWat
erheat
edandv
apor
izedt
hencool
andt
hisi
sthebestwayt
o
puri
fythewater.

49.Wat
erpol
l
uti
on:
ent
ryofhar
mful
thi
ngsi
ntot
hewat
er,
cal
l
edWat
erpol
l
uti
on.

50.REASONSOFWATERPOLLUTI
ON:

 Fact
oryemi
ssi
ons

 Wast
emat
eri
alf
rom f
act
ori
es

 Sewer
agewat
er

 Chemi
cal
fer
ti
li
zer
sfr
om i
rr
igat
ionchannel
s

 Oi
lspi
l
lsf
rom t
anker
s

51.Wat
eri
sWat
ert
abl
e?

Thet
opoft
hewat
erl
evel
int
hesoi
li
scal
l
edWat
ert
abl
e.

52.Whati
sWat
erl
oggi
ng?

Whent
heSoi
lbecomesusel
essf
oragr
icul
tur
e.

53.Whati
sSal
i
nit
y?

Whent
hesoi
lbecomessosal
tyt
hatnot
hingcangr
owi
t.

 DESCRI
PTI
VE:

1.Wr
it
eanyt
hreenonl
i
vingt
hingsoft
heenv
ironment
.

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(
i)
___
___
___
___
___
_(i
i
)__
___
___
___
___
__(
ii
i)_
___
___
___
___
___

2.Di
ff
erentt
ypesofenv
ironment
sexi
sti
nPaki
stan,
whi
char
e:

Vi
l
lage,
cit
y,pond,
plai
ns,
deser
ts,
seasand_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
.

3.Def
ine:

Adapt
ati
on:
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__

Camouf
lage_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__

4.Wr
it
eanyt
hreepar
tsofMi
croscope.

(
i)
___
___
___
___
___
_(i
i
)__
___
___
___
___
__(
ii
i)_
___
___
___
___
___

5.Bar
omet
erusedt
omeasur
e__
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__

6.Pr
ovet
hatAi
rcont
ainswat
erv
apour
s:

_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

7.Pr
ovet
hatAi
rhaswei
ghtandoccupyspace:

_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

8.Wr
it
eanyt
hreeusesofOxy
gen,
Nit
rogenandCar
bondi
oxi
de(
CO2)gas:
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Oxy
gen:
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__

_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

Ni
tr
ogen:
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

CO2:_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

9.Composi
ti
onofAi
r(namet
hegasses)
.

CHAPTER-
FIVE

ENERGY
1.Ener
gy:
Theabi
l
ityt
odot
hewor
kiscal
l
edener
gy

2.Ty
pesofEner
gy:

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 Ki
net
icener
gy:
Thi
sty
peofener
gygai
nedduet
omov
ement

Allmov
ingobj
ect
shav
eki
net
icener
gy,
Like;
runni
ngbi
rd,
wal
ki
ngman,
runni
nghor
se,
f
lyi
ngbi
rd.

 Pot
ent
ialEner
gy:St
oredenergyofanobject,
bythevi
rt
ueofit
sposi
ti
on.Andenergyi
s
i
nourhand.Exampl
esare,spr
ing,Al
arm cl
ock,Swi
ng,
thesear
enotmoveitsel
f,y
ouuse
pot
ent
ialener
gytomakeitmov e.

 Mechani
calEner
gy:
It’
sthesum ofki
neti
c&pot
ent
ial
ener
gy,
inot
herwor
dsi
t’
sener
gy
i
nanobjectduetoi
tsmotion&posit
ion.

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 El
ect
ri
cal
Ener
gy:
Thi
sEner
gyi
spr
oducedduet
omov
ementofEl
ect
rons.Li
ke,
Fan,
bul
b
et
c.

 ChemicalEner
gy:Chemicalener
gyisst
oredint
hebonds(
atoms&mol
ecul
es),
and
rel
easedduri
ngchemicalr
eacti
on.,
li
keburni
ngofmat
chsti
ck.

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 SolarEner
gy:TheEner
gyprov
idedbytheSun,
wecanseet hethi
ngswi
ththehelpof
sunli
ghtduri
ngdayandwit
hthehelpofbul
bs,candl
es,
tor
ches,andmoonl
ightatni
ght
.

Li
ghtener
gy:
Theener
gyt
hroughwhi
chwecanseet
het
hings.

 HeatorTher
mal
Ener
gy:
Thi
sty
peofener
gyobt
ainedf
rom heatduemov
ementof
molecul
es.

(
Sun,
steam engi
ne,
stov
e)

 Nuclearener
gy:Theener
gyobtai
nedfrom nucl
eusofanatom, whennucl
eusspl
i
ts,
it
r
eleasesenergy
.(Nucl
earener
gyalsoconvert
edint
oElect
rical
energy.
)

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3.Basi
csour
ceofener
gy:

I
. TheSunorSol
arEner
gy:

 Wegetheatandl
i
ghtener
gy

 Gr
eenpl
ant
smaket
hei
rfoodandani
mal
sdependentont
hepl
ant
s.

 Wi
thoutSunwecoul
dnotexi
st

I
I. Runni
ngwat
erorHy
droel
ect
ri
cEner
gy:

 Haski
net
icenergyandt
omov
etur
binesi
nhy
droel
ect
ri
cpowerst
ati
ons,
thenconv
ert
ed
i
ntoel
ect
ri
calenergy
.

I
II
. Fossi
lFuel
s:Remainsoflongdeadplants,
ani
mal
sandhumansundergochemical
changesbythepressur
eoflayerofear
thtuni
ngi
ntoFossi
lfuel
s,l
i
keCoal
,pet
rol
eum
andgasoverthousandsofyear.

 Fossi
lfuel
sbur
ntt
orel
easeener
gyi
nthef
orm ofheatt
opr
oduceel
ect
ri
cal
ener
gy.

 Pr
oducest
eam

 I
t’
sanon-
renewabl
eener
gy

4.Ot
hersour
ceofener
gy:

 Ai
r:Wi
ndener
gyal
sopr
oduceel
ect
ri
cit
y

 Wav
es:Wav
esar
eal
sousedt
opr
oduceEl
ect
ri
cit
y

5.Ener
gycanchangeit
sf or
m:Energycannotpr
oducednordest
roy
ed,
it’
sal
way
sther
e,buti
t
canchangef
rom oneformtoanother

CHAPTER-
SIX

ELECTRI
CITYANDMAGNETI
SM
1.El
ect
ri
cit
yist
hef
orm ofener
gy,

2. Ty
pesofel
ect
ri
cit
y:
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 St
ati
cel
ect
ri
cit
y:i
tsmot
ionl
essel
ect
ri
cit
y,pr
oducedduet
ofr
ict
ion.Li
ke,
when
wer
ubt
hepl
ast
icpenagai
nstourhai
r,cr
eat
esf
ri
cti
on.

3.Ty
pesofchar
ges:
Twot
ypesofchar
ges,
posi
ti
veandnegat
ive.

4.At
om:
smal
l
estpar
ti
cleoft
hemat
ter
,At
om i
scomposedofel
ect
ron,
prot
onandneut
ron.

 El
ect
ron:
ithasnegat
ivechar
geandr
evol
vear
oundt
henucl
eusoft
heat
om

 Pr
oton:
ithasposi
ti
vechar
ge,
presenti
nthenucl
eusoft
heat
om.

 Neut
ron:
ithasnoanychar
ge,
,pr
esenti
nthenucl
eusoft
heat
om.

 NOTE:
Inanat
om el
ect
ron&pr
otonsar
einequal
innumber
s.

5.At
omi
cnumber
:noofpr
otons

6.Massnumber
:sum ofpr
otons&neut
rons.

7.At
om ofOxy
gen:

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8.El
ect
roscope:
it’
susedt
ocheckwhet
heranobj
ecti
schar
gedornot
.

9.Cur
rentel
ect
ri
cit
y:i
t’
sthef
lowofel
ect
ronst
hroughconduct
or.

Thi
sty
peofel
ect
ri
cit
yusedi
nhomes.

10.Ci
rcui
t:Cur
rentf
lowf
rom apat
hcal
l
ed,
Cir
cui
t.

11.
Closedci
rcui
t:i
t’
sal
socal
l
edcompl
eteci
rcui
t;cur
rentcanf
lowt
hrought
heent
ir
eci
rcui
t.

12.Sourcesofener
gy:
Air
,seaandsun,
weal
sogetel
ect
ri
cit
yfr
om mechani
cal
,chemi
cal
and
nucl
earmeans.

 El
ect
ri
cit
yfr
om chemi
cal
ener
gy:
Thr
oughbat
ter
iesandcel
l
s.
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 El
ect
ri
cit
yfr
om sol
arener
gy:
Elect
ri
cit
ypr
oducedf
rom sunl
i
ghtwi
thhel
pofsol
arcel
l
s

 Elect
ri
cit
yfrom nucl
earener
gy:Ur
anium el
ementusedt
opr
oducenucl
earener
gy,
andt
hen
convert
edintoelect
ri
cit
ythr
oughtur
bines.

13.
CONDUCTORS:
Thosei
temsi
nwhi
chheatt
ransf
err
edqui
ckl
yfr
om oneendt
oanot
herend.

(
Suchas;
Met
als(
spoon,
wir
es,
steel
glasset
c)

14.
INSULATORS:
Thosei
temsi
nwhi
chheatt
ransf
err
edv
erysl
owl
yornotatal
lfr
om oneendt
o
another
.

(
Suchas;
plast
ic,
wood,
mudwal
let
c).NOTE:
Readoutact
ivi
tyno08,
page#47.

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15.
THERMOSFLASK: Isdevi
cewhichusedt okeepconstanttemperat
ureofsubstance,
col
d
remai
nscold,hotremainshot
.(InThermosf l
askheattransf
erdoesnottakesplacemeans,
Conduct
ion,Convecti
on,andRadiat
ion)
.

16.
Light
ning:
Thef
ri
cti
oni
ncl
oudspr
oducesel
ect
ri
cit
yandsound.

I
tsv
erydest
ruct
ive.

17.
Magnet:i
t’
sapieceofi
ronorst
eel
whi
chcanat
tractcer
tai
nmagnet
icmat
eri
al,
li
kei
ron,
cobal
t,ni
ckel
towardsi
tsel
f

18.
Magnet
ism:
it’
sthepr
oper
tyofmet
alst
oat
tracteachot
her
.

 Magneti
cfiel
d:Theareaaroundt
hemagnetwher
eit
spul
li
sfel
t.Theendsoft
he
magnetarecall
edthepoles.

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19.
Nat
ural
magnet
s:Nat
ural
magnet
sfoundi
nmount
ainousr
egi
onsi
nthef
orm ofLodest
ones.

20.
Arti
fi
cialmagnet
s:Ar
ti
fi
cial
magnet
sar
eman-made,
foundi
nmanyshapes,
li
ke;
rodorU
let
tershaped.

21.
Elect
romagnet
s:Acoi
lofwi
re,
cal
l
edSol
enoi
d,showi
ngt
hepr
oper
tyofmagnet
,cal
l
ed
Elect
romagnet
.

Usedi
nel
ect
ri
cmot
ors,
elect
ri
cal
appl
i
ances,
speaker
s,t
aper
ecor
der
set
c.

 ACompassusedt
ofi
nddi
rect
ions,
ithasasmal
lbarmagnet
.

22.
Elect
romagnet
sar
ecommonl
yusedi
n:

 Tel
ephones,
taper
ecor
der
s,,
tel
ephones,
elect
ri
cbel
l
s.

 Cr
anest
oli
ftheav
yloads

 Doct
orsuset
hem t
oremov
eir
onpar
ti
clesf
rom t
hepeopl
e’
sey
e.

 Usedt
osepar
atei
ronscr
apf
rom ot
hermat
eri
als.

CHAPTER-
SEVEN

THESOLARSYSTEM
1.TheSun:

 Mosti
mpor
tantst
aroft
heuni
ver
se

 Madeupofmol
tenmet
al’
sgasses.

 Temper
atur
eofi
tsout
erl
ayeri
sabout6000℃

 150mi
l
li
onkm awayf
rom ear
th.

 Suni
s14,
00,
000km i
ndi
amet
er

 Ear
thi
s12,
750km i
ndi
amet
er.

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2.Thesol
arsy
stem:

 Suni
sthemosti
mpor
tantpar
toft
hesol
arsy
stem

 TheSun,
planet
s,moonsandst
ars.

 Ther
ear
eni
nepl
anet
s,eachpl
anet
shasi
tsownmoonormoons.

 Pl
anet
srev
olv
eroundt
heSun.

3.TheEar
th:

 Ear
thhaswat
er,
air
,rocks,
li
vi
ngandnon-
li
vi
ngt
hings.

 Ear
thoneor
bitr
oundt
hesuni
n365day
sand6hour
s.

 Ear
thhas03l
ayer
s(Out
erl
ayerCr
ust
,Mi
ddl
elay
erMant
leandI
nner
mostl
ayeri
sCor
e.)

4.Themov
ementofEar
th:
TheEar
thmov
esi
ntwoway
s

 Axi
almov
ement
:Ear
thr
otat
esoni
tsaxi
s,Ear
thcompl
eteoner
otat
ioni
n24hour
s.

 Orbit
almovement:
Theear
threv
olvesaroundsun,t
hepathal
ongwhi
chitr
evol
ve
cal
led,Or
bit
.Ear
thcompl
eteonerevol
uti
onaroundthesuni
s365days.

5.TheMoon:
Mooni
sanat
ural
sat
ell
i
te.

 Composedofr
ocks,
plai
ns,
bighol
es,
cal
l
edCr
ater
s.

 i
tdoesnothav
eai
randwat
er.

 3,
84,
400km awayf
rom Ear
th.

 Mooncompl
eteoner
otat
ionr
oundt
heear
thi
n28day
s.

 Moonchangesi
tsshapebecausemoondoesnothavei
tsownl i
ght,
itr
efl
ect
stheli
ght
oft
hesunandweonlyseethatpar
tofthemoonthati
sref
lect
ingtheSun’
sli
ghtatthat
par
ti
cul
arti
me.

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ENDOFNOTES

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