Making salts revision

Task

1) Circle the correct keyword to complete the following statements.

Acids

 they have a pH of lower/higher than 7

 hydrogen ions, H+ (aq), make solutions acidic/alkaline
 acids are proton acceptors/donators

Name three common acids.

i) ............................... ii) .............................. iii) .............................

Alkalis

 they have a pH lower/higher than 7

 alkalis are soluble/insoluble bases
 hydroxide ions OH- (aq) made solutions acidic/alkaline
 bases are proton acceptors/donators

Sodium, potassium and calcium are all metals/non-metals. Their oxides form a group
of chemicals called bases. If these bases dissolve in water they are called metal
hydroxides or alkalis.

Name three common alkalis (hydroxides).

i) ............................... ii) .............................. iii) .............................

2) What is meant by neutralisation?

.............................................................................................................

3) Describe an example of a neutralisation reaction that occurs in everyday life.

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 Making salts revision

Neutralisation of acids with metal hydroxides

acid + metal hydroxide salt + water

4) Use the equation above to help you complete the following equations.

sulfuric sodium ...........

i.
acid
+ hydroxide
+ ...........
...........

H2SO4 + NaOH Na2SO4 + ...........

calcium ...........
ii. ........... + hydroxide chloride
+ ...........

........... + ........... ........... + ...........

........... potassium
iii. nitric acid + ...........
+ ...........
...........

........... + ........... ........... + ...........

5) Use some of the chemicals above to construct your own neutralisation equation.
........... ...........
........... + ........... ...........
+ ...........

........... + ........... ........... + H2 O

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 Making salts revision

Neutralisation of acids with metal carbonates

metal + acid salt + water + carbon

carbonate dioxide

6) Use the equation above to help you complete the following equations.

sodium sulfuric .........

i.
carbonate
+ acid .........
+ ......... + ........

Na2CO3 + ............ ......... + ......... + ........

copper ............ .........

ii.
carbonate + ............ chloride
+ ......... + ........

CuCO3 + ............ ......... + ......... + ........

7) Most metal carbonates are bases, but not alkalis, what does this tell you about
them?

.............................................................................................................

Neutralisation of acids with ammonia

ammonia + acid ammonium salt

8) Use the equation above to help you complete the following equations.

i. ammonia + sulfuric acid ..................

NH3 (aq) + .................. ..................

ii. .................. + nitric acid ..................

.................. + ................... NH4NO3

9) Ammonium salts are economically very important, what are they used for?

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 Making salts revision

Answers
1) Acids: they have a pH of lower than 7; hydrogen ions, H+ (aq), make solutions acidic; acids
are proton donators
Alkalis: they have a pH higher than 7; alkalis are soluble bases; hydroxide ions OH- (aq)
made solutions alkaline; bases are proton acceptors; sodium, potassium and calcium are all
metals

sulfuric sodium sodium

4) i. + + water
acid hydroxide sulfate

H2SO4 + NaOH Na2SO4 + H2O

hydrochloric calcium calcium

ii. + + water
acid hydroxide chloride
HCl + Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 + H2O

potassium potassium
iii. nitric acid + + water
hydroxide nitrate
HNO3 + KOH KNO3 + H2O

sodium sulfuric sodium carbon

6) i. + + water +
carbonate acid sulfate dioxide
Na2CO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2

copper hydrochloric copper carbon

ii. + + water +
carbonate acid chloride dioxide
CuCO3 + HCl CuCl2 + H2O + CO2

7) They are insoluble

ammonium
8) i. ammonia + sulfuric acid
sulfate
NH3 (aq) + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4

ammonium
ii. ammonia + nitric acid
nitrate
NH3 + HNO3 NH4NO3

9) Ammonium salts are used as fertilisers.

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