Integrating Perspective is a management structure that sees organization as a complex system

consisting of different perspectives. It says that the classical, behavioral, and quantitative

approach to management complement each other. A complete understanding of management

requires an appreciation of all three perspectives.

Ma’am Aida discussed the following:

(1) System Approach. A good example is our human body. Each part of our body is

connected to each other and will not function well without the other parts. Just like in an

organization, different departments are interrelated functioning to obtain the same goal.

(2) Contingency Approach. When I hear the word contingency, the first thing that comes to

my mind is the “what if” scenario. To avoid these kinds of scenarios, leaders should

always be proactive. Managers should be in control of the situation whether it happens or

not rather than responding to it after it has happened.

(3) Deming’s 14 Points. It encourages organizations to strive for continuous improvement,

look for long-term solutions, and work to predict and prepare for the future. Focus the

organization on quality and meeting the needs of the customer first. In any business, its

main objective is customer satisfaction.

(4) Contemporary Management. This teaches managers how to get the most of human assets.

It encourages everyone in the organization to have more participation in decision making

and improve interpersonal relations between employees and supervisors.

(5) Theory Z. We don’t have to be torn between Theory X or Theory Y because we also have

the hybrid Theory Z. According to Ouchi, Theory Z organizations exhibit a strong,

homogeneous set of cultural values that are similar to clan cultures. When we say clan

culture, it refers to a type of corporate culture that promotes a collaborative, family-like

environment by valuing commitment, participation, and loyalty. View it as your

organization is a one big family with strong bonds. The same goes for students treating

the school as second home and the teacher as the second parent.