1.2.2.

Density
The density of a gas represents the mass per unit volume of gas and is
expressed in kg/m3 . It is a function of the temperature and pressure. Apart
from specified conditions, referenced is made to so-called normal and standard
conditions.
pg = m / V = P MWa/ ZR T
where
pg = m / V = P MWa/ ZR T
p : absolute pressure, psia
T : absolute temperature, °R
MWa : Apparent molecular weight, Ib/lb-mole .

1.2.3.Specific volume
It represents the volume occupied per unit mass of gas. It is reciprocal of the
density and is expressed in m3 /kg.
V = V / m = 1 / pg = Z R T / ( p . MWa)

1.2.4.Specific gravity
The specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the gas density to that of the air.
γg = m / v = pg / pair = MWa / 28..96

1.2.5.Gas deviation factor

A natural gas mixture under reservoir conditions is Non ideal and its behavior
can be approximated by the real gas law, a general equation of state for gases:
Z = V actual / V ideal = p V / n RT
Where
p is pressure in psi,
V is the gas volume in ft3,
n is the number of moles of the gas,
T is absolute temperature in R,
R is the universal gas constant and equals to 10.73 psi ft3/ b-mol-R,

Compressibility factor

1.2.6. Gas viscosity

The knowledge of the viscosity of the gases and condensates is necessary to
perform flow calculations in the different stages of production. The dynamic
and kinematic viscosities are related by the following equation:
γ=μ/ρ

1.2.7.Dew point
The point at which the first infinitesimally small droplet of condensation forms
in a gaseous system. The dew point curve on a phase diagram represents 1%
liquid.
1.2.8. Heating value
Heating value is the amount of heat obtained when fuel or some other
substance of a specific unit quantity is combusted. There are two types of
heating values:
1. The lower heating value (net) is the difference between combustion and
latent heat of vaporization of the water vapors formed from combustion.
2. The upper heating value (gross) is the heat obtained from complete
combustion of a substance.