Social Psychology 1st Edition Heinzen Test Bank

Social Psychology 1st Edition Heinzen
Test Bank
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Heinzen, Social Psychology, 1e
SAGE Publications, 2019
Chapter 7: Social Influence: Conformity, Social Roles, and

Obedience
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Which term describes how our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors respond to our
social world?
a. social influence
b. implicit expectations
c. explicit expectations
d. compliance
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare and contrast implicit versus explicit social influence.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: What Types of Social Influence Exist?
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Which term refers to unspoken rules that are enforced by group norms?
a. herd mentality
c. conformity
d. compliance
Ans: B
3. While hosting a dinner party, you notice that your German friend arrives early while
your Turkish friend arrives during the dessert course. What about their cultures'
relationship to time explains this variation?
a. conformity
b. social roles
c. implicit expectations
d. herd mentality
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Application
Difficulty Level: Hard
4. You visit a friend's house for dinner. Without saying anything about it, all the family
members fall into the jobs needed to prepare dinner and clean up. What best explains
this chore division?
a. conformity
b. social roles
d. herd mentality
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
5. Following a potluck dinner, the women move to clear away the dishes and the men sit
and talk. No one mentions who should clean up or the unfairness of the situation. What
does this exemplify?
a. conformity
b. compliance
d. herd mentality
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. Which terms describes when you voluntarily change your behavior to imitate the
behavior of your peers?
a. compliance
b. obedience
c. conformity
d. implicit expectations
Ans: C
7. Even though she doesn't like drinking, Mary carries around a glass of wine at parties
so she can fit in. What does this exemplify?
a. conformity
b. compliance
c. obedience
d. explicit expectations
Ans: A
8. Albert wears a large top hat on his school's "goofy hat day." This is an example of
what?
a. conformity
b. compliance
c. obedience
d. social roles
Ans: A
9. Tari paints her face in school colors, just like her other friends going to the pep rally.
This is an example of what?
a. conformity
b. compliance
c. obedience
d. social roles
Ans: A
10. Which of the following is the best example of conformity?

a. going shopping to buy the boots currently popular at your school
b. wiping your feet so your roommate doesn't complain about the mud
c. completing an assignment according to your professor's expectations
d. following the posted rules at the pool by not running around the pool deck
Ans: A
11. Which of the following exemplifies conformity?

a. getting a hair cut because it is summer time

b. getting a hair cut because most women your age have short hair
c. getting a hair cut to surprise a significant other
d. getting a hair cut because your hair is thinning
Ans: B
12. What is related to expectations about how certain people are supposed to look and
behave?
a. compliance
b. conformity
d. social roles
Ans: D
13. Marilyn was surprised to see her rabbit jogging by, wearing a t-shirt and shorts. Her
surprise was related to violation of what?
a. compliance
b. conformity
c. social roles
Ans: C
14. What is the best example of someone following a social role?

a. a Catholic nun wearing a traditional habit
b. an employee following instructions
c. a driver obeying traffic laws
d. a teen wearing the latest fashion
Ans: A
15. What is the best example of someone violating a social role?

a. a driver speeding
b. a 90-year-old woman wearing a bikini
c. an employee ignoring rules when the boss isn't around
d. a teen dressed in "goth" clothing
Ans: B
16. Mrs. Jones always dresses modestly and never swears because she believes this is
how an elementary school teacher should behave. Mrs. Jones is using what to inform
her behavior?
a. compliance
b. conformity
d. social roles
Ans: D
17. Which behavior occurs in response to a direct or indirect request?

a. obedience
b. conformity
c. compliance
d. herd mentality
Ans: C
18. When the heavily pregnant woman got on the train, she gave Jeremy a long look.
He quickly got up and gave her his seat. What best describes Jeremy's behavior?
a. compliance
c. conformity
d. social roles
Ans: A

19. Dante's housemate asked him to pick up a gallon of milk on the way home and
Dante did so. This is an example of what?
a. compliance
c. conformity
d. social roles
Ans: A
20. Taylor's mother tells him to eat his broccoli, and Taylor does so. Taylor's behavior is
an example of what?
a. compliance
b. obedience
c. conformity
d. social roles
Ans: B
21. Caleb asks his friend, Ariel, to pass the salt and she does so. Ariel's behavior is an
example of what?
a. compliance
c. conformity
d. social roles
Ans: A
22. Which of the following is an example of compliance?

a. A woman donates money to an animal shelter when she receives a fundraising letter.
b. A dad buys a minivan that looks like the same kind all his neighbors drive.
c. A girl stands in the corner after the teacher punishes her for talking too much.
d. A boy gets the same kind of sneakers that his friends wear.
Ans: A
23. What are assumptions that are clearly stated?

a. explicit expectations
b. social roles
d. social influence
Ans: A
24. Cecelia writes her children's chores on a white board every day. This is an example
of what?
a. obedience
d. social roles
Ans: C
25. The camp counselor explained rules for safety and keeping the cabin clean. This is
an example of what?
a. explicit expectations
c. obedience
d. social roles
Ans: A
26. In the rock star's performance contract, he specified that a bowl of red candy be
placed in his dressing room. This is an example of what?
a. social roles
c. obedience
Ans: D
27. Which is the best example of explicit expectations?

a. family tradition of putting up a Christmas tree the day after Thanksgiving
b. a contract outlining a caterer duties at a wedding
c. children trying to make their teacher pleased with them
d. a meaningful glance at a spouse when it is time to watch dishes
Ans: B
28. Which is the best example of explicit expectations?

a. having fireworks on the fourth of July
b. code of conduct in a student handbook
c. teachers leading by example
d. suggestions for a fun party
Ans: B
29. What term describes behaving in a particular way because someone of higher
status has ordered you to do so?
a. conformity
b. obedience
c. compliance
d. explicit expectation
Ans: B
30. Willy stepped out of his car because the police officer told him to do so. What best
describes Willy's behavior?
a. obedience
b. conformity
c. compliance
Ans: A
31. Which is the best example of obedience?

a. a fast-food worker taking out the trash when his manager tells him to
b. a parent filling a toddler's juice cup after he exclaims that he needs juice
c. a man shuts the door after his roommate tells him to
d. a doctor refills a prescription after a patient request
Ans: A
32. Which is the best example of obedience?

a. a student cleaning the chalkboard when told by his teacher
b. a mom buying shoes for her kids after they start track
c. A woman buys an extra glass of wine after asked by her friend.
d. An employer gives copies of transfer forms after they are requested by an employee.
Ans: A
33. What is another term for social norms?

a. social influence
b. herd norms
c. implicit influence
d. group norms
Ans: D
34. When visiting a new church, Amelia wore a suit and a large hat. When she arrived,
many of the congregants were dressed in jeans and casual shirts. During the service,
many of the congregants stared at Amelia. The stares that Amelia received were
because she______.
a. violated social norms
b. was disobedient
c. was a nonconformist.
d. violated explicit expectations.
Ans: A
35. On the first day in his new school, Mario dressed the way he had at his old school,
in shorts and a casual shirt. He received stares from other students, who were mostly
dressed in khakis and polo shorts. Why did the others stare at Mario?
a. He violated social norms.
b. He was disobedient.
c. He was a nonconformist.
d. He did not comply with explicit expectations.
Ans: A
36. Although not part of official policy, the office staff of a local paper company is more
likely to dress down on Fridays. What is this an example of?
a. social norms
b. herd mentality
c. compliance
Ans: A
37. What are rules that indicate how people are expected to behave in particular social
situations?
a. social influence
b. social norms
c. herd mentality
Ans: B
38. What is the tendency to blindly follow the direction your group is moving toward?
a. conformity
b. compliance
c. herd mentality
d. social contagion
Ans: C
39. Following the basketball team win, university students poured into the streets and
celebrated by vandalizing cars and burning a couch. This is an ______.
a. herd mentality
b. social contagion
c. conformity
d. compliance
Ans: A
40. Some discussion groups appoint a "devil's advocate" to point out problems with
proposed plans. This is an attempt to avoid what?
a. herd mentality
b. social contagion
c. conformity
d. compliance
Ans: A
41. What is the spontaneous distribution of ideas, attitudes, and behaviors among larger
groups of people?
a. flash mob
b. social norms
c. conformity
d. social contagion
Ans: D
42. The St. Vitus Day dance occurred in the Middle Age and was characterized by large
groups of people unwillingly, spontaneously dancing. What is one possible cause?
a. herd mentality
b. mass psychogenic illness
c. social norms
d. conformity
Ans: B
43. A socially contagious physical condition with no physical cause is known as what?
a. mass psychogenic illness
b. herd mentality
c. social norms
d. conformity
Ans: A
44. Jessa dresses stylishly and knows the cool cultural references. Her sister Kellie
avoids every trend she can identify. When Jessa proves more popular at school, it is
because she is complying with what?
a. herd mentality
b. explicit expectations
c. social norms
d. social influence
Ans: C

45. Eight board members enter a conference room convinced they know what to do.
Three others are not sure. All leave in agreement, and the decision proves to be
disastrous. What happened?
a. social contagion
b. herd mentality
c. social norms
d. social influence
Ans: B
46. A mom tries to teach her son to clean the room by modeling cleaning behavior, by
looking happy while cleaning, and by leaving messes where they will annoy her son.
Finally, she gives up and just orders him to clean the room. She has made the transition
from what to what?
a. from compliance to obedience
b. from compliance to social role
c. from conformity to obedience
d. from social role to conformity
Ans: C
47. When teachers tell students to think for themselves and question authority, they are
trying to inoculate them against what?
a. herd mentality
b. social norms
c. social influence
d. social contagion
Ans: A
48. In the movie "Twelve Angry Men," only one juror is convinced the suspect is
innocent and proceeds to resist various attempts to force him to go along. He is
defiantly resisting what force?
a. social contagion
b. social norms
c. social influence
d. herd mentality
Ans: D
49. Which is an example of compliance?

a. stopping when asked to by a police officer
b. listening to music your friends would like
c. handing over the tv remote when your roommate asks for it
d. a presidential candidate wearing a red tie
Ans: C
50. Which is an example of following an explicit expectation?

a. speaking with better grammar when addressing authority figures
b. wearing makeup in the same style as a close friend
c. lifting your pants leg before crossing a puddle
d. turning on a turn signal before turning your car
Ans: D
51. Which is an example of social contagion?

a. New recruits are expected to do many pushups, and punished if they don't. The
harsher the punishment, the more succeed.
b. Five kids sit sideways on a school bus. Soon most of the kids are doing the same.
c. One person facing the wrong direction in an elevator causes other passengers to
become anxious.
d. The darker the alleyway, the more people avoid it.
Ans: B

52. A girl in a village spontaneously cried. The next day, all children in the village
spontaneously cried. Within a week, all villagers for miles around would cry
compulsively every day. What happened?
a. social contagion
b. social norms
c. social influence
d. social networks
Ans: A
53. Doug is a supervisor. He is known for fits of anger, usually right after an employee
fails to do what he told that person to do. What behavior is Doug demanding from his
employees?
a. conformity
b. obedience
c. compliance
d. following social norms
Ans: B
54. Each baby in the nursery has a tendency to play alone and crawl in different
directions, but when one baby cries, they all cry. These babies are developing what?
a. obedience
b. compliance
c. social norms
Ans: C
55. A girl in a village spontaneously cried. The next day, all children in the village
spontaneously cried. Within a week, all villagers for miles around would cry
compulsively every day. What happened?
a. obedience
b. compliance
c. social norms
d. herd mentality
Ans: D
56. Darnell lost his wedding ring but could not find it in the tall grass. He needed help
and convinced one person to stop. Soon, he had 30 passersby helping him, and one
found the ring. What concept did Darnell understand?
a. obedience
b. social contagion
c. social norms
d. herd mentality
Ans: B
57. A new office building opens, and people are falling ill with cough, headache, and
dizziness. Research reveals no physical cause. With your knowledge of how mass
psychogenic illness works, which of the following might you recommend?
a. further study, retesting all features that have already been tested
b. recommend destroying the building and rebuilding from scratch
c. announce that you've discovered the source, making up false details as needed, and
that you've fixed the problem
d. begin disciplining people who claim to be sick
Ans: C
58. What is one good way to undermine herd mentality?

a. have everyone say "I will not engage in group think" at the end of each meeting
b. give each member of the group different facts, written on 3x5 cards, that then have to
be shared
c. designate someone who's job is to find problems that led to or result from the group's
decisions
d. encourage genial agreement whenever possible
Ans: C
59. Many groups appoint an ombudsmen, someone from outside the group (and not
responsible to the group) to ensure the group follows best practices. What is one benefit
of having this outside figure?
a. The ombudsman is less susceptible to herd mentality.
b. The ombudsman is more able to gain obedience.
c. The ombudsman is good at demonstrating compliance.
d. The ombudsman will be good at modeling normative social influence.
Ans: A
60. Alarmed that 10% of the student body tested positive for drugs, the school starts a
campaign, describing the problem as an epidemic that is taking over the school. Six
months later, 40% of the student body test positive for drugs. What happened?
a. Due to the power of obedience, many students felt they had to try drugs.
b. Mass psychogenic illness made drug use compulsory behavior.
c. The small group of drug users felt compelled to exerted social influence to pressure
other students.
d. The need for conformity caused more students to fit in to what they thought was the
norm.
Ans: D
61. What is it called when we are uncertain about a correct behavior and voluntarily
conform to group standards?
a. informational social influence
b. generational influence
c. descriptive norms
d. normative social influence
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 7-2: Differentiate between informational and normative social

pressures to conform.
Answer Location: Why and When Do We Choose to Conform?
62. Sasha was invited to a formal banquet. As she sat down in front of the huge array of
flatware and glasses, she peeked at the other diners to see what fork they used for the
salad. What is Sasha making use of?
a. generational influence
b. informational social influence
Ans: B
63. Lyla had her first day of preschool today. Before joining in, she watches the other
children to see what to do. This is an example of what?
a. generational influence
Ans: B
64. Which is an example of the autokinetic effect?

a. slight shifting back and for the while we try to hold still
b. a light appearing to move because of intermittent eye movement
c. involuntary movement, like breathing
d. a glass moving across a table because of water condensation
Ans: B
65. What explains the results Sherif found in his autokinetic research?
a. People were uncertain and looked to the group for information.
b. People didn't want to look silly and publicly conformed to the group.
c. People wanted to please the researcher and conformed to be "good" participants.
d. People didn't care about the study, and conforming with the group was easiest.
Ans: A
66. Appearing to think as other members of a group, but secretly disagreeing is known
as what?
a. private conformity
c. public conformity
d. injunctive norms
Ans: C
67. Participants in Asch's line estimation study exhibited what?

c. private conformity
d. public conformity
Ans: D
68. Behaving or believing as other members of a group when that information is not
shared with other is known as what?
c. public conformity
d. private conformity
Ans: D
69. Leann and her family all voted Republican, even though they never discussed
politics. This is an example of what?
a. private conformity
c. injunctive norms
d. descriptive norms
Ans: A
70. What is a cultural belief or norm that transcends the replacement of people?
b. injunctive norms
d. generational influence
Ans: D
71. The corporate culture remained much the same, even after the founder of the
company retired and his daughter took over. This is an example of what?
a. descriptive norms
c. injunctive norms
Ans: B
72. What are socially expected behaviors that refer to what most people do?
a. injunctive norms
b. normative social influence
Ans: C
73. What are behaviors that are related to what society says people are supposed to
do?
a. public conformity
b. injunctive norms
c. normative social influence
Ans: B
74. What is it called when people publicly conform, often in order to gain social
acceptance and avoid rejection?
a. normative social influence
b. injunctive norms
c. normative social influence
Ans: A
75. Which is the best example of a statement from someone high in conformity?
a. I enjoy spending time alone.
b. I am important to my family.
c. I always try to dress in the trendiest clothes.
d. I try to do my best.
Ans: B
76. Which is the best example of a statement from someone low in conformity?
a. I try to help others.
b. I like to stand out in a crowd.
c. I enjoy spending time alone.
d. I am important to my family.
Ans: C
77. What do we call study results in numerical form?

a. qualitative data
b. quantitative data
c. subjective data
d. objective data
Ans: B
78. Statistics require the use of what kind of data?

a. quantitative
b. qualitative
c. subjective
d. objective
Ans: A
79. What do we call study results in a subjective form such as interview content?
a. quantitative data
b. qualitative data
c. reliable data
d. objective data
Ans: B
80. What is the psychological process that occurs when self-awareness is replaced by a
social role or a group identity ?
a. injunctive norms
b. normative social influence
c. deindividuation
Ans: C
81. According to informational social influence, if bystanders see an ambulance and

police cars surround a store, and one bystander says, "someone must have robbed the
place," what is the most likely outcome?
a. Members of the group will begin debating vigorously as to why the police are there.
b. Members of the group will reserve judgment until more data are found.
c. Members of the group will draw their own conclusions, unrelated to the initial
speculation.
d. Most members of the group will go away thinking that the place was robbed.
Ans: D
82. According to the idea of ironic conformity, in what way are most nonconformists still
conformists?
a. Nonconformists adhere to common social rules at home but not in public.
b. Nonconformists conform to the rules of their nonconforming subgroup.
c. Nonconformists expect their nonconformity to become the new norm.
d. Nonconformists become extreme enforcers of common norms later in life.

Ans: B
83. Societies who rely on group effort, such as all members harvesting a large crop, for
survival, will also do what?
a. value independence and breaking of norms
b. have murky distinctions between acceptable and unacceptable behaviors
c. devalue putting the society's needs before the individual's needs
d. expect and enforce conformity to a wide range of social norms
Ans: D
84. How was it decided which volunteers were "prisoners" and which were "guards" in
the Stanford Prison Experiment?
a. Those with greater authoritarian tendencies were chosen to be guards.
b. Those with delinquency in their backgrounds were chosen to be prisoners.
c. Those with the highest grades were chosen to be guards.
d. The roles were randomly assigned.
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 7-3: Analyze how social roles lead us to conform to situational
expectations.
Answer Location: How Do Social Roles Change Our Behavior?
85. What sort of training were the "guards" in the Stanford Prison Experiment given?
a. They were given a guard uniform and told to act as a guard.
b. They watched films of actual prison guards at work.
c. They watched the movie "Cool Hand Luke."
d. They were given a prison guard training manual to read.
Ans: A
expectations.
86. What was the original hypothesis in the Stanford Prison Study?
a. Students would largely ignore the roles they had been assigned.
b. There was no hypothesis. This was not a true experiment.
c. Social roles would replace personal beliefs.
d. Deindividuation would occur slowly, over the course of several days.
Ans: B
expectations.
87. Diener and colleagues found which of the following to be true in their Halloween
study?
a. Children were more likely to steal candy when in a group.
b. Children wearing costumes that showed their faces were less likely to steal candy.
c. Children with their parents were less likely to steal candy.
d. Children were less likely to steal candy when asked their name at the door.
Ans: A
expectations.
88. What did researchers find when they placed a mirror in the room facing students?
a. They were distracted from the assigned task.
b. They were less likely to cheat.
c. They were more social with other students.
d. They focused less on the instructor.
Ans: B
expectations.
89. Which of the following is true about electronic communication?

a. People are equally likely to be abusive whether they are anonymous or named.
b. People are more willing to lie in an email than when using pen and paper.
c. People are less willing to "troll" if their profile contains a photo.
d. People are kinder if they expect to ever meet others in "real life."
Ans: B
expectations.
90. In the Johnson and Downing uniform study, which condition led to the greatest
number of prosocial behaviors?
a. KKK uniform with large name tag
b. KKK uniform with no name tag
c. nurse uniform with large name tag
d. nurse uniform with no name tag
Ans: D
expectations.
91. In the Johnson and Downing uniform study, which condition led to the greatest
number of antisocial behaviors?
a. KKK uniform with large name tag
b. KKK uniform with no name tag
c. nurse uniform with large name tag
d. nurse uniform with no name tag
Ans: B
expectations.
92. Gergen, Gergen, and Barton (1973) found that what was more likely to happen
when participants were placed in a dark room?
a. They were more likely to touch each other.
b. They spoke less.
c. They were more aggressive.
d. They were more bored.
Ans: A
expectations.
93. What does research show about deindividuation and gender?

a. Females are as likely to be aggressive as males when deindividuated.
b. Females are as likely to be aggressive as males when individuated.
c. Females are likely to be more aggressive than males when individuated.
d. Females are likely to be more likely aggressive than males when deindividuated.
Ans: A
expectations.
94. Which of the following best summarizes the findings of the Stanford Prison Study?
a. Their individual personalities were subsumed by their social roles.
b. Only those very susceptible to outside influence followed the expected roles.
c. Students didn't take the study seriously and there was little difference between
"prisoners" and "guards."
d. Students only followed assigned roles when the "warden," Philip Zimbardo was
present.
Ans: A
expectations.
95. Loosening of customary social restraints is called what?

a. Milgram response
b. inhibition
c. disinhibition
d. deindividuation
Ans: C
expectations.
96. This refers to the loss of individuality that occurs when self-awareness is replaced
by a social role or a group identity.
a. loneliness
b. "Mean Girls" syndrome
c. deindividuation
d. social order
Ans: C
expectations.
97. Using what we know of deindividuation, which of the following would reduce
incidents of trolling on a social media website?
a. eliminating ability to post anonymously or pseudonymously
b. encouraging conformity with positive messages
c. deindividuation tells us nothing about trolling
d. asking trolls politely to rethink agregious behaviors
Ans: A
expectations.
Difficulty Level: hard
98. In the Stanford Prison Study, the use of uniforms for guards and prisoners made
what more powerful?
a. sympathy across groups
b. deindividuation
c. unwillingness to sit down for fear of damaging the uniform
d. willingness to blame others within the in-group for one's own behavior
Ans: B
expectations.
99. While investigating deindividuation, researchers found that what behaviors

increased when they put a group of anonymous college students together in a dark
room?
a. arguing over politics
b. fist fighting
c. quietly avoiding contact
d. touching and hugging
Ans: D
expectations.
100. When Zimbardo put women in masks and asked them to shock people, what did
he discover?
a. Anonymity resulted in masked women being more aggressive than women wearing
nametags.
b. Women in masks refused to shock people more often than women wearing
nametags.
c. Anonymity resulted in women defaulting to nicer behaviors than women wearing
nametags.
d. Women in masks were more apologetic even as they delivered the shock.
Ans: A
expectations.
101. In Diener's field study, children on Halloween were more likely to steal when under
what condition?
a. They were given unpleasant treats.
b. They were dared to by adults.
c. They were dressed as socially acceptable characters.
d. They were in a group.
Ans: D
expectations.
102. Why can we not know what, exactly, caused the behaviors in Diener's field study of
children at Halloween?
a. A passing adult disrupted the study.
b. Naturalistic observation does not allow for random assignment to groups.
c. Diener overcontrolled the experimental variable.
d. Observers did not record the correct information.
Ans: B
expectations.

103. Which of the following is an ethical concern with the Milgram studies that would
probably keep them from occurring today?
a. Milgram paid participants to be part of the study.
b. Milgram initially deceived participants about the true nature of the study.
c. Milgram created a situation that could cause psychological harm.
d. Milgram did not reveal the true nature of the study until debriefing.
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 7-4: Explain the person, procedures, and competing interpretations
behind the Milgram experiments on authority.
Answer Location: What Can We Learn From Milgram’s Experiments on Authority?
104. What were participants initially told that the Milgram studies were investigating?
a. memory
b. obedience
c. physiological reaction to pain
d. effective teaching methods
Ans: A
105. The "learners" in the Milgram studies were always what?

a. confederates
b. randomly assigned participants
c. previous "teachers" who volunteered
d. participants who volunteered to be shocked
Ans: A
106. In the Milgram studies, in which situation did "teachers" have the lowest levels of
obedience?
a. being in a different room than the "learner"
b. being in the same room with the "learner"

c. being the person to force the "learners" hand on the shock plate
d. watching two confederate "teachers" rebel
Ans: D
107. In the Milgram studies, in which situation did "teachers" have the highest levels of
obedience?
a. being in a different room than the "learner"
b. being in the same room with the "learner"
c. being the person to force the "learners" hand on the shock plate
d. watching two confederate "teachers" rebel
Ans: A
108. According to Morling's Ethical Decision-Making Matrix, which of the following best
describes the Milgram Obedience experiments?
a. low reward/low risk
b. low reward/high risk
c. high reward/high risk
d. high reward/high risk
Ans: D
109. What do Haslam, Reicher, and Birney (2015) propose as the alternate reason for
the "teachers" reactions in the Milgram Obedience experiments?
a. dedication to a worthwhile cause
b. conformity
c. deindividuation
d. fear of retribution
Ans: A
110. Milgram studied how normal people are led to cruel behaviors because of his
interest in what?
a. long-range planning
b. obedience
c. a priori theories
d. college student behavior
Ans: B
111. What do we call Milgram's principle of designing experimental situations that are
realistic, approximate the variables of interest, and are consequential to participants.
a. second factor experiments
b. experimental veracity
c. experimental realism
d. closed-loop experiments
Ans: C
112. What was the seeming method of punishment in the famous Milgram experiments?
a. electric shock
b. beating with a club
c. social ostracism
d. verbal abuse
Ans: A
113. Which of the following was one of Milgrim's core goals in designing experiments?
a. deception
b. creativity
c. creating surreal situations
d. simplicity
Ans: D
114. In Milgram's first shock experiment, what percentage of Yale students used the
maximum voltage?
a. 0.5
b. 0.65
c. 0.1
d. 0.87
Ans: B
115. Why might an experimenter deceive participants about the reason for a study?
a. Government funding does not cover the experiment actually being done.
b. when subjects have refused to participate in the study
c. when setting subjects up for subsequent studies in coming years
d. to capture authentic responses to the experimental condition
Ans: D
116. In Milgram's second shock experiment, when the victim would scream in
increasingly desperate ways as shock increased, what percentage of Yale students
used the maximum voltage?
a. 0.5
b. 0.65
c. 0.1
d. 0.87
Ans: B
117. When Milgram ran his shock experiments with women giving shock instead of
men, what did he find out?
a. Women used social cues to determine when to give shock.
b. Women shocked confederates to about the same degree as men.
c. Women refused to participate from the start.
d. Women were interested in knowing the history of the person being shocked.
Ans: B
118. In Milgram's follow-up studies, which of the following variant conditions was most
effective at reducing the percentage of subjects who use the maximum voltage?
a. Nothing changed the percentage.
b. having to force the confederate's hand onto the shock plate before administering the
shock
c. sitting in the same room as the person being shocked
d. witnessing others refuse to give shock treatments
Ans: D
119. What does Milgrim's experiments suggest would be an effective way to keep
people from going along with an autocrat's violent demands?
a. leveraging the rule of law against the autocrat's dictates
b. a media environment willing to further the autocrat's message
c. seeing fellow citizens openly defy those demands
d. Milgram's experiments suggest nothing will change the dynamic.
Ans: C

120. From Milgram's shock experiments, one way to override the moral objections of
someone who refuses to comply with orders to be cruel is what?
a. The demands are delivered by an authority figure.
b. The demands be stated in complex terms.
c. The moral objections are met with moral counterarguments.
d. Moral objections proved to be insurmountable in the Milgram experiments.
Ans: A
121. What is one way to reduce the chance that a study you are conducting proves
unethical?
a. consult with individuals outside of the experimental field, like businessmen or
librarians
b. use an institutional review board to approve the ethics before starting the experiment
c. establish federal funding for the experiment
d. use guidelines suggested by previous studies, especially early, foundational studies
Ans: B
122. Morling's Ethical Decision-Making Matrix relies on comparing what two

dimensions?
a. cost and complication
b. religious approval and secular approval
c. risk and reward
d. Institutional Review Board approval and subject approval
Ans: C
123. The Milgram experiments suggest that normal citizens will engage in violent
behavior if what condition is met?
a. They are paid well.
b. They are left alone to make their decisions.
c. They are told not to by figures who do not hold authority over them.
d. They believe they are acting on behalf of a higher cause, like patriotism.
Ans: D
124. Bullies often hold authority over group members. Based on the Milgram
experiments, what is the most effective advice to reduce obedience to a bully?
a. explain to the bully how he is hurting others
b. appeal to someone who has authority over the bully
c. stand near the bully when he is being abusive to others
d. announce that you refuse to go along with the bully's abusive behavior
Ans: D
True/False
1. Katie gets a strapless dress for prom, just like all of her friends. This is an example of
following explicit expectations.
Ans: F
2. Conformity is a type of explicit expectation.

Ans: F
3. Many people have stereotypes about the way old people should dress and behave.
These stereotypes are social roles.
Ans: T
4. A woman using a cane asks Fiona to give up her seat on the city bus. When Fiona
chooses to give up the seat, she is obedient to the woman.
Ans: F
5. An overwhelmed mother of five young children asks Aaron for help loading her
groceries. When Aaron helps load the groceries, he is compliant with her request.
Ans: T
6. Evelyn tries to keep her hair a similar length to the other cheerleaders. This is an
example of herd mentality.
Ans: F
7. Serena made sure that her skirt length followed the school dress code. This is an
example of conformity.
Ans: F
8. Seth got a fidget spinner so he could be like all other kids in his class. This is an
example of conformity.
Ans: T

9. Cheryl picked up a gallon of milk because her spouse asked her to. This is an
example of compliance.
Ans: T
10. An office worker puts in overtime on a project because his boss tells him the project
has to be finished in two days. This is an example of compliance.
Ans: F
11. A pedestrian obeying traffic lights is a good example of someone following a social
role.
Ans: F
12. A pedestrian jaywalking is a good example of someone violating a social role.

Ans: F
13. A bank owner wearing a suit and driving a luxury car is a good example of someone
following a social role.
Ans: T
14. A bank owner wearing a tank top and flip-flops while he drives an old rusted car is a
good example of someone violating a social role.
Ans: T
15. A notarized contract is a good example of document containing explicit

expectations.
Ans: T
16. A group moving quickly toward a decision without questioning is susceptible to herd
mentality.
Ans: T
17. Shelby and her sisters all use the same detergent their mother used, even though
the subject never came up. This is an example of private conformity.
Ans: T
18. This is a good example of a statement from someone low in conformity "I always go
along with the crowd."
Ans: F
19. This is a good example of a statement from someone high in conformity "I want to
be like my friends."
Ans: T
20. Quantitative data are necessary for statistical analyses.

Ans: T
21. Sherif's autokinetic research found that people conformed because they didn't want
to look silly.
Ans: F
22. In the Johnson and Downing uniform study, deindividuation plus a nurse's uniform
led to the greatest number of antisocial behaviors.
Ans: F
expectations.
23. Dr. Benedict makes all his students wear name tags. According to the
deindividuation research, this should decrease rule-breaking behavior.
Ans: T
expectations.
24. The best way to reduce the control of an authority figure is to rebel in front of others.
Ans: T
25. One ethical concern about Milgram's obedience research is that he paid participants
$4 for their time.
Ans: F
Short Answer
1. Define the term social influence.

Ans: varies
2. List the two types of social influence.

Ans: varies
3. What is a cultural norm that persists even after group members are replaced with
new people?
Ans: varies
4. List one difference research has found between face-to-face and electronic
communication
Ans: varies
expectations.
5. If the Milgram obedience experiments were placed on Morling's Ethical Decision-

Making Matrix, how would they best be described?
Ans: varies
Essay
1. Explain the similarities and differences between conformity, compliance, and

obedience.
Ans: varies
2. Define obedience and provide one example that shows how obedience can be helpful
and another example that shows how obedience can be harmful.
Ans: varies
Learning Objective: 7-1 Compare and contrast implicit versus explicit social influence.
3. Compare and contrast normative social influence and informational social influence.
Ans: varies
4. Discuss the methodological and ethical problems of the Stanford prison experiment.
How might you investigate this topic in a better way?
Ans: varies
expectations.
5. Discuss the ethical problems with the Milgram experiments. Do you think the
information gained was worth the distress caused? Why do you think as you do?
Ans: varies

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Social Psychology 1st Edition Heinzen

SAGE Publications, 2019

Chapter 7: Social Influence: Conformity, Social Roles, and

SAGE Publications, 2019

Difficulty Level: Hard

SAGE Publications, 2019

10. Which of the following is the best example of conformity?

11. Which of the following exemplifies conformity?

SAGE Publications, 2019

a. getting a hair cut because it is summer time

14. What is the best example of someone following a social role?

SAGE Publications, 2019

15. What is the best example of someone violating a social role?

17. Which behavior occurs in response to a direct or indirect request?

SAGE Publications, 2019

Cognitive Domain: Application

22. Which of the following is an example of compliance?

SAGE Publications, 2019

23. What are assumptions that are clearly stated?

SAGE Publications, 2019

27. Which is the best example of explicit expectations?

28. Which is the best example of explicit expectations?

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31. Which is the best example of obedience?

32. Which is the best example of obedience?

33. What is another term for social norms?

SAGE Publications, 2019

SAGE Publications, 2019

SAGE Publications, 2019

SAGE Publications, 2019

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

SAGE Publications, 2019

49. Which is an example of compliance?

50. Which is an example of following an explicit expectation?

51. Which is an example of social contagion?

SAGE Publications, 2019

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

SAGE Publications, 2019

58. What is one good way to undermine herd mentality?

SAGE Publications, 2019

SAGE Publications, 2019

Learning Objective: 7-2: Differentiate between informational and normative social

64. Which is an example of the autokinetic effect?

SAGE Publications, 2019

67. Participants in Asch's line estimation study exhibited what?

SAGE Publications, 2019

SAGE Publications, 2019

SAGE Publications, 2019

77. What do we call study results in numerical form?

78. Statistics require the use of what kind of data?

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81. According to informational social influence, if bystanders see an ambulance and

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d. Nonconformists become extreme enforcers of common norms later in life.

SAGE Publications, 2019

Difficulty Level: Easy

89. Which of the following is true about electronic communication?

SAGE Publications, 2019

SAGE Publications, 2019

Difficulty Level: Easy

93. What does research show about deindividuation and gender?

95. Loosening of customary social restraints is called what?

SAGE Publications, 2019

99. While investigating deindividuation, researchers found that what behaviors