Dr.

Joseph Adel
Transition Elements
CHAPTER 1
LECTURE 5
THIRD
SECONDARY
Lec.3
 Iron stations Reduction
MIIND MAP

STATION 1 STATION 2 STATION 3 STATION 4

START ! Fe FeO Fe3O4 Fe2O3

Oxidizing agent Reducing agent
1) O2 Oxidation 1) CO
2) H2O(v) steam 2) CO + H2
3) Cl2, F2, Br2, I2 (7A) 3) H2
4) sulpher (6A)
depends on
Oxidation Reduction Temperature
(1) (3) (4) (3) (230-300)
(2) (4) (4) (2) (400-700)

(3) (4) (4) (1) ( >700 )

(3) (2) (400-700)
 1 2
PREPARATION PROPERTIES
From station Out of station Physical Chemical
 Iron (Fe)
FIRST IRON STATION
1 PREPARATION
From station
If we look to the iron station map,
there is no other way to get the iron
except by reduction process from
station 4 to station 1
Oxidation Reduction
(4) (3)
(1) (3)
Reduction process will occur by using (4) (2)
one of these reducing agents (2) (4)
(4) (1)
1) CO (3) (4)
(3) (2)
2) CO + H2
3) H2
(4) (1)

(3) (1)
 Iron (Fe)
FIRST IRON STATION
1 PREPARATION
From station
BY BLAST FURNACE (4) (1) (>700)

Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) (>700)

2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)
Iron (III) OXIDE Iron

BY MIDREX (4) (1) (>700)

2Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) +3H2(g) 4Fe(s) + 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(v)

Iron (III) OXIDE Iron
 Iron (Fe)
FIRST IRON STATION
2) Physical properties

Relatively malleable Magnetic properties

capability of being shaped or
extended by hammering, Cause it has 4 single e
forging, etc.

Ductile Has high melting point and density

The ability of a material to
have its shape changed without Its melting point is
losing strength or breaking . (1539oC)
 Iron (Fe)
FIRST IRON STATION
3) Chemical properties

Iron reacts with many different substances such as:

1 2 3 4

Air (O2) Water vapour Non metals acids

 Iron (Fe)
FIRST IRON STATION
3) Chemical properties
Air (O2) Oxidation
Red hot iron (heated to 500oc) reacts with dry air (1) (3)
oxygen gas forming magnetic iron oxide (2) (4)
(3) (4)

Equation:
1) 3Fe(s) + 2O2(g) 500oC
Fe3O4(s)
MAGNETIC IRON
OXIDE
 Iron (Fe)
FIRST IRON STATION
3) Chemical properties
Effect of water vapour on iron Oxidation
Red hot iron (heated to 500oc) reacts with water vapour
(1) (3)
producing magnetic iron oxide and hydrogen gas. (2) (4)
(3) (4)

Equation:
500oC
3Fe(s) + 4H2O(v) Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)
MAGNETIC IRON
OXIDE
 Iron (Fe)
FIRST IRON STATION
3) Chemical properties
Non-metals
NON-METALS
Since, Iron is metal so it react with non-metals to
form a salt by ionic bond.

Group 5A Group 6A
Weak oxidizing Weak oxidizing
agent agent

Group 7A
Very strong
oxidizing agent
 Iron (Fe)
FIRST IRON STATION
3) Chemical properties
Non-metals
Chemical equation 7A group

Iron reacts with chlorine producing iron (III) chloride.

Equation:
2Fe(s) + 3Cl2(g) 2FeCl3(s)
Iron (III) chloride

Chemical equation 6A group

Iron reacts with chlorine producing iron (III) chloride.

Equation:
Fe(s) + S(s) FeS(s)
Iron (II) sulphide
 Iron (Fe)
FIRST IRON STATION
3) Chemical properties
Acids
The effect of acids on iron is gradual, according to
the strength and the concentration of the acids, as
follows:

First, we have to revise the chemical activity series

Increasing reactivity
 Iron (Fe)
FIRST IRON STATION
3) Chemical properties

A Reaction of iron with diluted acids

Iron dissolves in dilute hydrochloric acid producing iron (II) chloride and
hydrogen gas.
Equation:
dil
Fe(s) + 2HCl(aq) FeCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Hydrochloric acid Iron (II) chloride

Iron HYDROGEN
 Iron (Fe)
FIRST IRON STATION
3) Chemical properties

B Reaction of iron with concentrated acids

Concentrated Sulphuric acid does not react with iron

except after heating to produce iron (II) Sulphate,
iron (III) sulphate, sulphur dioxide and water vapor.
Equation:
Conc.
1) 3Fe(s) + 8H2SO4(l) FeSO4(aq) + Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + 4SO2(g) + 8H2O(v)
Sulphuric acid Iron (II) SULPHATE Iron (III) SULPHATE
 Iron (Fe)
FIRST IRON STATION
3) Chemical properties

B Reaction of iron with concentrated acids

‫خد الروشتة‬

‫الرخمة ام ثمانية الي‬

‫بتطلع تؤام بيعطسوا‬

Equation:
Conc.
3Fe(s) + 8H2SO4(L) FeSO4(aq) + Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + 4SO2(g) + 8H2O(v)
Sulphuric acid Iron (II) SULPHATE Iron (III) SULPHATE
 Iron (Fe)
FIRST IRON STATION
3) Chemical properties

B Reaction of iron with concentrated acids

Iron with concentrated Nitric acid

Equation:
Fe(s) + HNO3(l) Conc.
Fe(NO3)2(aq) + Fe(NO3)3(aq)+ H20 (v)
Nitric acid

‫الكالم ده في حالة‬
 Iron (Fe)
FIRST IRON STATION
3) Chemical properties

B Reaction of iron with concentrated acids

Iron with concentrated Nitric acid

Because con. Nitric acid causes passivity of iron, due to
formation of concentrated layer of oxide o the surface
of iron which protects iron from further reaction this
layer can be removed by abrasion or
by using dilute Hcl
 Station 1 RECAP
MIIND MAP Chemical
Preparation
2FeCl3(s) Iron (III) chloride
+ Cl2(g)
+ S(s)
FeS(s) Iron (II) Sulphide
Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) >7OOoc

Fe
500oC
Fe3O4(s)
+ O2 MAGNETIC IRON OXIDE

500 oC
+ H2O
Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)
MAGNETIC IRON OXIDE

FeCl2(aq) + H2(g)
2Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) +3H2(g) Iron (II) chloride

FeSO4(aq) + Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + 4SO2(g) + 8H2O(v)

 Iron (II) oxide
second IRON STATION
1 PREPARATION
From station

Reduction of higher oxides (FeO4 , Fe2O3)

(4) (2)
Oxidation Reduction
Fe2O3(s) + CO(g) 2FeO(s) + CO2(g) (4) (3)
4000C : 7OOoc (1) (3)
Iron (III) oxide (4) (2)
(2) (4)
(4) (1)
(3) (4)
(3) (2)
(3) (2)
4000C : 7OOoc
Fe3O4(s) + CO(g) 3FeO(s) + CO2(g)
Magnetic iron Iron (II) oxide
oxide
 Iron (II) oxide
second IRON STATION
1 PREPARATION Out of station
A) Heating iron (II) oxalate in absence of air

FeO(s) + CO(g) + CO2(g)

COO
Fe
COO
Fe2O3 + CO2
 Iron (II) oxide
second IRON STATION
2) Physical properties
Black powder
Iron (II) OXIDE IS black
powder Which is insoluble
in water.

Black powder
Solubility explanation:
 Iron (II) oxide
second IRON STATION
3) Chemical properties
• Iron (II) oxide is easily oxidized in hot air into iron (III) oxide.
4FeO(s) + O2 2Fe2O3(s)

• Iron (II) Oxide reacts with dil. acids to give iron (II) Salts and
water
Dil.
FeO(s) + H2SO4(aq) FeSO4(aq) + H2O(l)
 Station 2 RECAP
MIIND MAP

Preparation chemical

Fe2O3 + CO
+ O2 2Fe2O3(s)
Iron (III) oxide

FeO
4000C : 7OOoc
Fe3O4(s) + CO(g)
Magnetic iron
Dil.
oxide + H2SO4(aq.) FeSO4(aq) + H2O(l)

COO
Fe
COO
Fe2O3 + CO2
 Magnetic iron oxide
third IRON STATION

1 PREPARATION
From station

The reaction of red-hot iron :

(1) (3) Oxidation Reduction
(4) (3)
3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g)
500oC
Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g) (1) (3)
(4) (2)
Magnetic iron (2) (4)
oxide
(4) (1)
(3) (4)
Reduction of iron (III) oxide: (3) (2)
(4) (3)
230 : 300oC
3Fe2O3 + CO(g) 2Fe3O4 + CO2(g)
Iron (III) Magnetic iron
oxide oxide
 Magnetic iron oxide
third IRON STATION
2) Physical properties

Black powder Insoluble in water

Iron (II) OXIDE IS black
powder Which is insoluble in Does not dissolve in
water. water

Magnetic moment is 9

Powerful m.m= 9
 Magnetic iron oxide
third IRON STATION ACIDS
3) Chemical properties
1) Magnetic Iron oxide reacts with hot concentrated acids,
producing iron (II) and iron (III) salts and water vapour, which
proves that it is a mixed oxide from iron oxide from iron (II)
Dil. Conc.
and iron (III) oxides .

Fe3O4(s) + 4H2SO4(l) Con.

FeSO4(aq) + Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + 4H2O(v)

2) Magnetic iron oxide oxidized on heating in air forming iron (III) oxide:

2Fe3O4(s) + ½ O2(g) 3Fe2O3(s)

3) Magnetic iron oxide is reduced by hydrogen from iron (II) oxide

Fe3O4(s) + H2(g) 3FeO(s) + H2O(v)

400oC : 7000C
 Station
MIIND MAP
3 RECAP
Preparation chemical
3Fe(s)+2O2 (g)
Fe2SO4(aq)
Conc.
+Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + 4H2O(v)
3Fe(s) + 4H2O (g)

Fe3O4
500oC
H2SO4
+ O2
Fe2O3(s)
3Fe2O3 + CO(g) 230 : 300oC
Iron (III)
+ H2
FeO(s) + H2O(v)
oxide 400: 700oC
 Iron (II) oxide
Fourth IRON STATION
1 PREPARATION
From station

1) OXIDATION OF IRON (II) OXIDE IN HOT AIR

(2) (4)
Oxidation Reduction
2FeO + ½ O2 Fe2O3(s) (4) (3)
Iron (II) oxide Iron (III) oxide (1) (3)
(4) (2)
(2) (4)
2) Heating the magnetic iron oxide in air (4) (1)
(3) (4)
(3) (4) (3) (2)

2Fe3O4+ ½ O2 Fe2O3(s)
Magnetic iron Iron (III) oxide
oxide
 Iron (III) oxide
Fourth IRON STATION
1 PREPARATION
Out of station

From iron (II) Sulphate it produces hematite, (SO2) and (SO3) by thermal decomposition

2FeSO4(s) Fe2O3(s) + SO2(g) + SO3(g)

By adding iron (III) Chloride to basic compound it produces iron (III) hydroxide (Double Subs.)
Then Thermal decomposition it gives Iron (III) Oxide and water vapour

FeCl3(aq) + 3NH4OH(aq) 3NH4Cl(aq) + Fe(OH)3(s)

2Fe(OH)3(s) Fe2O3(s) + 3H2O(v)
 Iron (II) oxide
Fourth IRON STATION
1 PREPARATION
Out of station

From iron (II) Suphate it produces hematite, (SO2) and (SO3) by thermal decomposition

2FeSO4(s) Fe2O3(s) + SO2(g) + SO3(g)

‫خد الروشتة‬
‫ اللي بتجوز‬3 2 ‫سوسو‬
+ ‫هيما‬
 Iron (II) oxide
Fourth IRON STATION
2) Physical properties
Red colour

Used in pigments

Insoluble in water

Used in pigments
 Iron (II) oxide
Fourth IRON STATION
3) Chemical properties

From station:
(4) (3) (230-300)
Fe2O3 + CO Fe3O4(s)+CO2(g)
(4) (2) (400-700)
Fe2O3 + CO + H2 FeO(s) + CO2(aq) + H2O(v)
(4) (1) (400-700)
Fe2O3 + CO + H2 Fe(s) + CO2(g)
 Iron (II) oxide
Fourth IRON STATION
3) Chemical properties ACIDS
Iron (III) oxide reacts with hot concentrated
mineral acids producing iron (III) salts and water Dil. Conc.
vapor.

2Fe2O3(s) + 3H2SO4(l) 2Fe2(SO4)3(aq)+ 3H2O(v)

 Station
MIIND MAP
4

Preparation SO2(g) + SO3(g) chemical

(230-300)
2FeSO4(s) Fe3O4(s)+CO2(g)

2Fe(OH)3
2FeO + ½ O2
Fe2O3 (400-700)

(>700)
FeO(s) + CO2(aq) + H2O(v)

Fe(s) + CO2(g)
Iron (II) oxide

2Fe3O4+ ½ O2 Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + H2O(v)

Magnetic iron
oxide
I START A PICTURE
And I finish it