QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH is a structured way of collecting and analyzing data

obtained from different sources.

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH involves the use of computational, statistical, and
mathematical tools to derive results.

It is conclusive in its purpose as it tries to quantify the problem and understand how
prevalent it is by looking for projectable results to a larger population.
According to Aliaga and Gunderson (2000), quantitative research is “explaining
phenomena by collecting numerical data that are using mathematically based
methods (in particular statistics). This type of research utilizes numbers and statistical
analysis. It is ideal in studying phenomenon which must contend with the problems
of measurement.
The phenomenon is a peculiar incident that can happen anywhere, with
any discipline or in any organization.
EXAMPLES: turn-over rates, change in drop-out rates, decrease in the number of
failing students in Mathematics, shift in the percentage of dengue patients or
CoViD patients, rise in the rate of youth drug addiction, and decrease in juvenile
crime rates in the rural areas.

TYPES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

1. SURVEY RESEARCH - defined as the process of conducting research using

surveys that researchers send to survey respondents. The data collected from
surveys is then statistically analyzed to draw meaningful research conclusions.
In the 21st century, every organization’s eager to understand what their customers
think about their products or services and make better business decisions.

Researchers can conduct research in multiple ways, but surveys are proven to be
one of the most effective and trustworthy research methods. An online survey is a
method for extracting information about a significant business matter from an
individual or a group of individuals. It consists of structured survey questions that
motivate the participants to respond.

The traditional definition of survey research is a quantitative method for

collecting information from a pool of respondents by asking multiple survey
questions. This research type includes the recruitment of individuals, collection,
and analysis of data. It’s useful for researchers who aim at communicating new
features or trends to their respondents defined as the process of conducting
research using surveys that researchers send to survey respondents. The data
collected from surveys is then statistically analyzed to draw meaningful research
conclusions.

In the 21st century, every organization’s eager to understand what their customers
think about their products or
services and make better
business decisions.

- The traditional definition of

survey research is a
quantitative method for
collecting information from
a pool of respondents by
asking multiple survey
questions. This research type
includes the recruitment of
individuals, collection, and
analysis of data. It’s useful
for researchers who aim at
communicating new
features or trends to their respondents.
2. CORRELATION RESEARCH - refers to a non-experimental research method which
studies the relationship between two variables with the help of statistical
analysis. Correlational research does not study the effects of extraneous
variables on the variables under study. In terms of market research, a
correlational study is generally used to study quantitative data and identify
whether any patterns, trends, or insights exist between
consumer behavior and market variables such as advertisements, discounts, as
well as discounts on products.

CORRELATION COEFFICIENT - is used to measure the strength of the relationship

between two variables. It is a statistical measure. There are several types of
 correlation coefficients, the most popular being Pearson’s correlation
coefficient.

A correlation coefficient ranges from -1 to +1. A correlation coefficient of +1

indicates a perfect positive correlation whereas a correlation coefficient of -1
indicates a perfect negative correlation between two variables. A correlation
coefficient of 0 indicates that there is no relationship between the variables under
study.

3. CAUSAL – COMPARATIVE RESEARCH - a research design that seeks to find

relationships between independent and dependent variables after an action or
event has already occurred. The researcher's goal is to determine
whether the independent variable affected the outcome, or dependent
variable, by comparing two or more groups of individuals. There are similarities
and differences between causal-comparative research, also
referred to as ex post facto research, and both correlational and experimental
research (Salkind, 2010).

Causal – comparative research attempts to identify a cause-effect relationship

between two or more groups.
 Studies involve comparison in contrast to correlation research which looks at
relationship. For instance, a researcher may wish to compare the body
composition of persons who have only trained with free weights
versus persons who have only trained with exercise machines. In this case the
researcher is not manipulating any variables, only investigating the effect of
free weights versus exercise machines on body
composition. Obviously, since other factors such as diet, training program,
aerobic conditioning could affect body composition, casual-comparative
research must be reviewed scrupulously to see how these other
factors were controlled (Kravitz, n.d.)

4. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH - guided by a hypothesis (or several hypothesis) that

states an expected relationship between two or more variables. An experiment
is conducted to support or disconfirm this experimental hypothesis.
• For instance, much of this author's research has been involved with the
physiological effects of step training with and without handweights. With this
type of experimental research, I have randomly selected the group of
subjects, decided the exercise program (step training with handweights,
step training without handweights, and a control group which remained
physically active but did no step training), tried to control all relevant factors
(e.g. no other aerobic programs, no change in diet, no additional resistance
training, etc.), and then measured the effect of the step training with and
without handweights on a number of variables (such as cardiorespiratory
fitness, muscular strength, body composition, blood lipids and lipoproteins,
etc.).
• Experimental research, although very demanding of time and resources,
often produces the soundest evidence concerning hypothesized cause-
effect relationships (Gay, 1987).

a. SAMPLE RESEARCH TITLES:

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ORANGE (CITRUS X SINENSIS) AND BANANA
(MUSA ACUMINATA) PEELINGS AS BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC
RICE HUSK ASH AS AN ADDITIVE TO SOLID CEMENT BLOCK MAKING
b. Honey-Water Mixture: Effectiveness as Fruit Oxidation
Retardant