4 Functions and Mappings In A2 maths, your teacher might ask you to draw a mapping diagram. Sadly, they don’t want you to draw an exciting map with rivers, mountains, caves and secret tunnels on it— they want you to draw a boring diagram. Shame, 1) Amapping is an operation that takes one number and transforms it into another Domi Rares Eg. ‘muhtiply by 5, ‘square root’ and ‘divide by 7’ are all mappings. ree 2). The sot of numbers you can start with is called the domain, and the set of numbers a oD they can became is called the range. Mappings can be drawn as diagrams like this-—3> You can also draw mappings as graphs (see below). a 3 3). The domain and /or range will often be the set of zeal numbers, B (a real number s © is any positive or negative number for 0) — fractions, decimals, integers, surds) Ify-can take any real value, its usually written as x © 2. MUU TELA ‘Other sets fre include Z, the 4) You might have to work out the range of a mapping from the domain Sel of integers Ni the set of you're given. For example, y =x, x © R has the range ffx) 20, ~ numbers (psive integers, nat ining as all square real numbers are positive (or zero). =O) and C. the complex numbers (ade tp oF imaginary numbers — yeu dont Function is a Te PRAT Tet 1) Some mappings ake csr number inthe domain to on-one number inthe ange. Seen sne These mappings scaled fst Ira mapping takes number forthe domain tiene 63") en, Ina ar one rambo nthe ange ort ont mapped to any umber inthe range, 27M eds a function, Function Not a function Function Not a function ee YbVoOr 2). For the graphs above, the frst and third are fu yecause each value of x is mapped to asi “The second and fourth aren't functions because the values of x are mapped to 1 alues off “The filth also isnt a function, this time because ff) is not defined for x <0. 3) Some mappings that aren't functions can be lured into functions by restricting thelr domain, For example, the mapping y= —1, for x © R is not a function, because it’s not defined at x= 1 (draw the graph if you're not convincee). But if you change the domain to x > 1, the mapping is now a function. function maps one element in the ciomain to one element in the range 4 eg. fix 2x, x © B is onecto-one, as every x is mapped to a unique value in = the range (the range is also). So only 3 in the domain is mapped to 6 in the range. 2) Amany-to-one function maps more than one element in the clamain to one element in the range (remember that no element in the domain can map to more than one \ ye ‘element in the range, otherwise it wouldn't be a function). fi)=x,x © Risa ap» \ J rmany-to-one function, as two elements in the domain map to the same element in the range— e.g. both 3 and -3 map to 9 Welcome to my domain... When you'e drawing a function or 2 mapping, you should draw a mapping diagram if yout given a discrete set of numbers (erg. ¥ © 40,1,2,3)), but you should draw a graph ifthe domain is continuous (ex © B) C3 Section 1 — Atcesra AND FUNCTIONS