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ç•Ó˚ §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚

ç ˆÏß√Ó˚ §yô≈¢ï˛Óy!£Ï≈ܲ# í˛zò‰Îy˛õˆÏö !öˆÏÓ!òï˛yÓ˚ üï˛ö ~ܲçö ü•yüyöÓ#ˆÏܲ !öˆÏÎ˚ xçflÀ §%ܲ!Ìï˛ ¢∑ ≤ÃÓy•
˜ï˛!Ó˚ •ˆÏÓñ ~•zˆÏê˛•z xï˛ƒhsˇ fl∫yû˛y!Óܲ âê˛öy– !ܲv xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ xyˆÏÓy˚ xˆÏöܲ ˆÓ!¢ =Ó˚&c˛õ)î≈ !Ó£ÏÎ˚
•ˆÏ°y ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ç#Óö xyÓ˚ xÓòyˆÏöÈÓ˚ ~üö xˆÏöܲ xˆÏòáy xÇ¢ ˆÎ !òˆÏܲ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ §ü§üˆÏÎ˚ ~ÓÇ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ §üܲyˆÏ°Ä
ˆï˛üö ~ܲê˛y öçÓ˚ ˛õˆÏí˛¸!ö– üyà≈yˆÏÓê˚ ˛ ˆöyˆÏÓ°ñ ÎÑyˆÏܲ xyüÓ˚y §Óy•z û˛!àö# !öˆÏÓ!òï˛y öyˆÏü !ã˛!öñ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ çˆÏß√Ó˚
§yô≈¢ï˛Óy!£Ï≈ܲ# í˛zò‰Îy˛õˆÏöÄ ~•z ˆã˛öy ˛õˆÏÌÓ˚ ˆÓ˚áy ˆòáy !òˆÏFåÈ– ˆï˛ü!ö û˛yÓ˚ï˛Ó£Ï≈ ~ÓÇ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ ïÑ˛yÓ˚
x˛õ!Ó˚§#ü xydï˛ƒyˆÏàÓ˚ xˆÏöܲ xöyˆÏ°y!ã˛ï˛ ˆ«˛e í˛zIμ° •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zë˛ˆÏåÈ– §%ò)Ó˚ xyÎ˚y°≈ƒyu˛ ~ÓÇ !Ó!ê˛¢ û)˛áˆÏ[˛Ó˚
~•z xyÿ˛Î≈ ü!•Î˚§# ïÑ˛yÓ˚ !öçfl∫ ˆò¢ ˆåȈÏí˛¸ ~ˆÏ§ û˛yÓ˚ï˛ˆÏܲ•z @ˇÃ•î ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö xydû)˛!ü ӈϰ–
û˛yˆÏ°yˆÏӈϧ!åȈϰö xy≤Ãyî– í˛zòƒü#ñ í˛zͧy•# ~ÓÇ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ üï˛ö ܲü≈ï˛Í˛õÓ˚ üyö%£ÏˆÏܲ ~ܲ!ê˛ !ӈϢ£Ï !Ó®%ˆÏï˛ Ìy!üˆÏÎ˚
ïÑ˛yÓ˚ Ó‡ü%á# xÓòyö ~ܲ•z §ˆÏD Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛ ã˛yÄÎ˚y á%Ó Ü˛!ë˛ö–~•z !öӈ϶˛ xy!ü ü)°ï˛ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢“ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe ïÑ˛yÓ˚
xÓòyö !öˆÏÎ˚ xyˆÏ°yã˛öy ܲÓ˚Ó– !Ó£ÏÎê˚ ˛y §yôyÓ˚ˆîÏ Ó˚ xçyöy ~ÓÇ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ !ã˛Ó˚hsˇö xÓòyö !öˆÏÎ˚ xyˆÏ°yã˛öyÎ˚ áy!öܲê˛y
ˆÜ˛yîë˛y§y– !Ó£ÏÎ!˚ ê˛ xyˆÏ°yã˛öyÓ˚ çöƒ xy!ü ïÑ˛yÓ˚ üí˛yö≈ !Ó˚!û˛í˛zÈÙȈÏï˛ ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛ ü)° ≤ÃÓ¶˛=!°Ó˚ §y•y΃ !öˆÏÎ!˚ åÈ–
ˆ§=!° ˛õÓ˚Óï˛#≈ܲyˆÏ° x˜Ïmï˛ xy◊ü ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛ Complete works of Sister Nivedita (CWSN)-Ó˚
ï,˛ï˛#Î˚ áˆÏ[˛ §Çܲ!°ï˛– xy!ü ïÑ˛yÓ˚ !öˆÏçÓ˚ ˆ°áy Ó•z=!°ñ ˆÎüö Footfalls of Indian History, ˆÎáyˆÏö
‘The ancient abbey Ajanta’ !ӣψÏÎ˚ =Ó˚&c˛õ)î≈ ܲyç Ó˚ˆÏΈ˚ ÏåÈ– ò%!ê˛ ~ˆÏܲÓyˆÏÓ˚ §y¡±!ï˛Ü˛ ≤Ãܲy¢öyñ ≤ÃÓy!çܲy
xˆÏ¢£Ï≤ÃyîyÓ˚ Sister Nivedita and the Indian Art Movement, ~ÓÇ ˆÓ˚Óy ˆ§yˆÏüÓ˚ Margot :
Sister Nivedita of Vivekananda xyüyˆÏܲ á%Ó•z §y•y΃ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ– xy!ü ~åÈyí˛¸yÄ ¢B˛Ó˚#≤çyò Ó§%ÈÙÈÓ˚
!öˆÏÓ!òï˛y ˆ°yܲüyï˛yñ NBT-Ó˚ Women Pioneers : The Indian Renaissance, •z. !Ó. •ƒyˆÏû˛ˆÏ°Ó˚
Indian Sculpture and Painting S1908VñxyÓ˚ !¢ÓÜ%˛üyÓ˚ÈÙÈ~Ó˚˛ Paintings of Abanindranath
Tagore ~ÓÇ xyˆÏÓ˚y xöƒ !ܲå%È ≤ÃÓ¶˛ Ä Ó•zˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ §y•y΃ !öˆÏÎ˚!åÈ–
!¢“ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe !öˆÏÓ!òï˛yÓ˚ ܲyç !öˆÏÎ˚ ܲÌy Ó°ÓyÓ˚ xyˆÏà ïÑ˛yÓ˚ §y!Ó≈ܲ xÓòyö !öˆÏÎ˚ §yüyöƒ ò%ÈÙÈ~ܲ ܲÌy
ӈϰ ˆöÄÎ˚y û˛y°– !ï˛!ö 1895 !áfiê˛yˆÏ∑ °u˛ˆÏö fl∫yü# !ÓˆÏÓܲyö®ˆÏܲ ≤ÃÌü ˆòˆÏá!åȈϰö– fl∫yü#ç#Ó˚ Óyî# Ä
ܲyç ïÑ˛yˆÏܲ í˛zm%k˛ ܲˆÏÓ–˚ !ܲvñ 1896 §yˆÏ° ïÑ˛yÓ˚ !mï˛#Î˚ §y«˛yˆÏï˛•z !öˆÏÓ!òï˛y Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓö˚ !ï˛!ö ~•z ü•yö
üyö%£Ï!ê˛Ó˚ ˛õÌ ôˆÏÓ˚ •ˆÏï˛yòƒüñ xÓò!üï˛ û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈Ó˚ í˛zk˛yˆÏÓÓ˚ ˚ ܲyˆÏç Óï˛# •ˆÏï˛ ã˛yö– ÎyˆÏï˛ û˛yÓ˚ï˛ xyÓyÓ˚ !ӈϟªÓ˚
òÓ˚ÓyˆÏÓ˚ ï˛yÓ˚ !öˆÏçÓ˚ fliyö áÑ%ˆÏç ˛õyÎ˚– ≤ÃyÌ!üܲ ܲï˛=!° !môy ܲy!ê˛ˆÏÎ˚ fl∫yü#ç# Ó˚y!ç •öñ ~ÓÇ 1897 §yˆÏ°
!öˆÏÓ!òï˛y ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ çy•yç ôˆÏÓ˚ö– !ï˛!ö fl∫yü#ç#Ó˚ ≤Ãôyö !ÓˆÏò¢# !¢£Ïƒyñ ~ܲçö ~ܲ!ö¤˛ ˆŸªï˛y!Dö# !•®%
!•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ §%!Óáƒyï˛– !Ó!ê˛¢ §y¡ÀyˆÏçƒÓ˚ §ühflÏ ¢!_´ ~ÓÇ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ xydçöˆÏòÓ˚ ï˛ƒyà ܲˆÏÓ˚ !ï˛!ö û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈Ó˚ çöƒ
ç#Óö˛õyï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– fl∫yü#ç#Ó˚ ˆú˛ˆÏ° ÎyÄÎ˚y Ó˚!¢ !ï˛!ö ï%˛ˆÏ° ˆööñ ~ÓÇ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ §ÓˆÏ̈Ïܲ Óí˛¸ xÓòyö •°

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 ü•yˆÏŸªï˛y !öˆÏÓ!òï˛y

û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ çöàîˆÏܲ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ â%ühsˇ ò¢y ˆÌˆÏܲ çy!àˆÏÎ˚ ˆï˛y°y ÈÙÙÙÈ öï%˛ö çy!ï˛ !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ çy!àˆÏÎ˚ ˆï˛y°yñ ÎyˆÏòÓ˚
!öˆÏçˆÏòÓ˚ ˙!ï˛•ƒ xyÓ˚ §û˛ƒï˛y !öˆÏÎ˚ à!Ó≈ï˛ •ÄÎ˚y í˛z!ã˛ï˛– !ï˛!ö !ÓˆÏÓܲyöˆÏ®Ó˚ •yˆÏï˛ àí˛¸y !¢£Ïƒy ӈϰ•z ç#ÓˆÏö
ܲáˆÏöy ïÑ˛yÓ˚ =Ó˚&Ó˚ fl∫≤¿=!° ˆåȈÏí˛¸ Îyö!öñ !ܲv !öû˛#≈ܲû˛yˆÏÓñ !Ó!ê˛¢Ó˚y ÎÑyˆÏòÓ˚ §sfy§Óyò# ӈϰ !ã˛!•´ï˛
ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ §y•y΃ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ üˆÏï˛y ò%ɧy•§ ˆò!áˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö– û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ ü!•°y Ä !ܲˆÏ¢yÓ˚#ˆÏòÓ˚ í˛zߨ!ï˛Ó˚ çöƒ
!ï˛!ö ˆÎ fl%Ò° ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰöñ ï˛y xyç §%!Óáƒyï˛– !ï˛!ö ¢!_´¢y°# ˆ°áܲ ~ÓÇ §%flõ‹T Ó_´y !åȈϰö– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ üˆÏö
•ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° ˛õyÿ˛yˆÏï˛ƒ û˛yÓ˚ï˛Ó£Ï≈ ˆÎ ˆÜ˛yö !Óû˛#!£Ïܲy öÎ˚ñ ï˛y Ó%!é˛ˆÏÎ˚ Ó°y ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ܲï≈˛Óƒ– !ï˛!ö Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ ˆ°áy
•zÇÓ˚yç#ˆÏï˛ xö%Óyò ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈöñ ~ÓÇ ~ܲ•z §ˆÏD !ï˛!ö û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !ÓK˛yˆÏöÓ˚Ä xöƒï˛ü ≤Ãã˛yÓ˚ܲ– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ˆÎ•z !òܲ!ê˛
ܲü xyˆÏ°y!ã˛ï˛ ï˛y •°ñ !ï˛!ö û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ á%Ó Óí˛¸ §üÌ≈ܲ !åȈϰö–
≤Ãyã˛#ö û˛yÓ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚ ã˛yÓ˚&ܲ°yÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ û˛y°Óy§y ~ÓÇ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ §ü§yü!Î˚ܲ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ •hflÏ!¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ ïÑ˛yÓ˚
xö%Ó˚yà ò%!ê˛•z !öáyò ~ÓÇ àû˛#Ó˚– ܲyÓ˚î ~•z ò%•z !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ ò%!ê˛ xy°yòy ˆ«˛e !åÈ°– ˆÓ˚Óy ˆ§yü ӈϰˆÏåÈö ÚÎáö
!öˆÏÓ!òï˛y û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈ xyˆÏ§öñ !ï˛!ö fliyö#Î˚ •hflÏ!¢“ ~ÓÇ Ü%˛ê˛#Ó˚!¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ !Ó˛õ%° !ÓhflÏyÓ˚ ˆòˆÏá xyÿ˛Î≈ •ˆÏÎ˚ Îyö–Û
Î%à Î%à Óy!•ï˛ !¢“# ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyÓ˚=!°Ó˚ ôyÓ˚yÓy!•Ü˛ï˛y ï˛áö Îsf§û˛ƒï˛yÓ˚ Î%ˆÏà §ÇܲˆÏê˛Ó˚ §yüˆÏö ~ˆÏ§ ˛õˆÏí˛¸!åÈ°–
!ï˛!ö ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏeÄ !ÓˆÏÓܲyö®ˆÏܲ =Ó˚& Ó˚*ˆÏ˛õ ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰöñ !Î!ö ïÑ˛yˆÏܲ û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈Ó˚ ˙!ï˛•ƒÓy•# •hflÏ!¢ˆÏ“Ó˚
í˛z_Ó˚y!ôܲyÓ˚ Ó%!é˛ˆÏÎ˚ ӈϰö– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ~•z í˛z˛õˆÏò¢ xü)°ƒ– !öˆÏÓ!òï˛y û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈Ó˚ ò!Ó˚o !ܲv §%ò«˛
•hflÏ!¢“#ˆÏòÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ §•üü#≈ !åȈϰö– ïÑ˛yÓ˚y•z Ó‡Î%à Óy!•ï˛ !ã˛Ó˚ܲy°#ö ˙!ï˛•ƒ ~ÓÇ ü)°ƒˆÏÓyˆÏôÓ˚ ≤ÃÜ,˛ï˛ í˛z˛õfliy˛õܲñ
•yçyÓ˚ •yçyÓ˚ ÓåÈÓ˚ ôˆÏÓ˚ ÓˆÏÎ˚ xy§y !¢“Ü%˛¢°ï˛yÓ˚ ôyÓ˚ܲ Ä Óy•Ü˛– ~•z ôyÓ˚yÓy!•Ü˛ï˛yÓ˚ !Ó˛õÓ˚#ˆÏï˛ ~•z ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚
ã˛yÓ˚&ܲ°yñ ˆÎüö !ã˛eܲ°yñ !û˛!_!ã˛eñ ˆáyòy•z !¢“ñ û˛yflÒÎ≈ ~ÓÇ fliy˛õï˛ƒ xˆÏöܲ=!° û˛yäˆÏöÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚ ˆÏàˆÏåÈ–
§!ï˛ƒ ܲÌy Ó°ˆÏï˛ ~•z x¶˛Ü˛yÓ˚ §üÎ˚ ~ï˛ ôùǧydܲ ˆÎ û˛yÓ˚ï˛ ï˛Ìy !ÓŸª û%˛ˆÏ°•z ˆà° û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈Ó˚ ~•z §%í˛zFã˛
˜¢!“ܲ í˛zÍܲ£Ï–≈ !Ó!ê˛¢ ¢y§Ü˛Ó˚y !ë˛Ü˛ ~•záyˆÏö•z û˛yÓ˚ï˛Óy§# ~ÓÇ û˛yÓ˚ï˛Ó£Ïˆ≈ ÜÏ ˛ ö®öï˛y!_¥Ü˛û˛yˆÏÓ xö@ˇÃ§Ó˚ çy!ï˛
!•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ §üyˆÏ°yã˛öy ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö– û˛yÓ˚ï˛Ó£Ï#≈Î˚ˆÏòÓ˚ !öÿ˛Î˚•z !ܲå%Èê˛y ˆòy£Ï ˆÏòÄÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚– =ÆÎ%à ˛õÓ˚Óï˛#≈
Óy·˛îƒÓyˆÏòÓ˚ ˛õ%öÓ˚&ayˆÏöÓ˚ §ˆÏD §ˆÏD =•yÎ˚ hfl˛Ï) õ ~ÓÇ ˜ã˛ˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ àˆÏí˛¸ Äë˛y ˛õ)Óï≈ ˛ö ˆÓÔk˛Î%à#Î˚ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ x§yüyöƒï˛y
~ÓÇ x@ˇÃ§Ó˚î xˆÏöܲê˛y•z ôùǧ •ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚– ~•z ôùÇhfl)Ï˛õ=ˆÏ°y ~ï˛ê˛y•z xӈϕ°yÎ˚ ˛õˆÏí˛¸!åÈ° ˆÎ Úxû˛yÓö#Î˚
û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÛÈÙÈ~Ó˚ flø,!ï˛ê%˛Ü%˛Ä •y!Ó˚ˆÎÏ ˚ ˆà!åÈ°– §%ï˛Ó˚yÇ !öˆÏÓ!òï˛yÓ˚ °«˛ƒ •ˆÏÎ˚ òÑyí˛¸y° ~•z !ÓfløÈ!, ï˛ˆÏܲ ã%˛Ó˚üyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆòÄÎ˚y
~ÓÇ û˛yÓ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚ xï˛#ï˛ xydˆÏàÔÓ˚ÓˆÏܲ ˛õ%öÉfliy˛õö ܲÓ˚y– ï˛yåÈyí˛¸y ˆÜ˛yö çyï˛#Î˚ §_¥y ˛õ%öÓ˚y!Ó‹ÒyÓ˚ x§Ω˛Ó–
!öˆÏÓ!òï˛yÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ öÓçyàÓ˚î û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ˆÏòÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ çyï˛#Î˚ï˛yÓyò ≤çyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚•z ~ܲ §¡±§y!Ó˚ï˛
xyˆÏÓà– !ï˛!ö !°áˆÏåÈöñ ‘I ... think that our greatest work in modernising India might be
done through art, instead of through the press or the universities. It is art as of ... the
national sense that we need.’2
!öˆÏÓ!òï˛y xÌÓy üyà≈yˆÏÓ˚ê˛ ˆöyˆÏӈϰÓ˚ !¢“ܲ°y !ӣψÏÎ˚ ˆÏܲyö ≤ÃÌyàï˛ !¢«˛y !åÈ° öy– !ܲv !ï˛!ö
Ó‡!òˆÏöÓ˚ ã˛ã≈˛yÎ˚ ~ !ӣψÏÎ˚ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ò«˛ï˛y àˆÏí˛¸ ï%˛ˆÏ°!åȈϰö– ܲáˆÏöy ܲáˆÏöy ~•z ò«˛ï˛y ç!ê˛° xyܲyÓ˚ ôyÓ˚î
ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°Ä ˛õÓ˚Óï˛#≈ ܲyˆÏ° ï˛y ïÑ˛yˆÏܲ x@ˇÃàîƒ !¢“ §üyˆÏ°yã˛ˆÏܲÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛y ˆòÎ˚– !ï˛!ö !öˆÏç !ã˛e!¢“# !åȈϰö öyñ
!ܲv ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ˆã˛yˆÏá !¢“ò,!‹T !åÈ°– ~üö ~ܲ §üˆÏÎ˚ !öˆÏÓ!òï˛y û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ çyï˛#Î˚ï˛yÓyˆÏòÓ˚ §yü!@ˇÃܲ ò,!‹Tû˛D#Ó˚
≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö#Î˚ xÇ¢ !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ ≤Ãã˛yÓ˚ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ÷Ó˚& ܲˆÏÓ˚öñ Îáö ï˛y x§Ω˛Ó ܲ!ë˛ö ܲyç !åÈ°–
~•zû˛yˆÏÓ !ï˛!ö û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ §¡õ)î≈ öï%˛ö ôyÓ˚yÓ˚ çß√ !òˆÏï˛ §y•y΃ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö– ~•z !öˆÏÎ˚ xyüÓ˚y

44
 !öˆÏÓ!òï˛y Ä û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢“

!ÓhflÏy!Ó˚ï˛ xyˆÏ°yã˛öy ܲÓ˚Ó– üyà≈yˆÏÓ˚ˆÏê˛Ó˚ !¢“ܲ°y !Ó£ÏÎ˚ܲ xy@ˇÃˆÏ•Ó˚ ≤ÃÌü ≤Ãüyî ˛õyÄÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚ 1892 §yˆÏ°ñ
Îáö ïÑ˛yÓ˚ 25 ÓåÈÓ˚ ÓÎ˚§ñ ~ÓÇ ï˛yÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ•z ~ܲ!ê˛ !Óòƒy°ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ≤Ãôyö ~ÓÇ !¢!«˛Ü˛y !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ ÎˆÏÌ‹T ˛õ!Ó˚!ã˛ï˛–
°u˛ˆÏöÓ˚ í˛z•z¡° ∫ í˛ˆÏö !ï˛!ö ïÑ˛yÓ˚ !öˆÏçÓ˚ fl%Ò° fliy˛õö ܲˆÏÓö˚ ˆ§•z ÓåȈÏÓ•˚ z– !Óáƒyï˛ !ã˛e!¢“# Ä Ó¶%˛ ~ˆÏÓöçyÓ˚
Ü%˛Ü˛ˆÏܲ !öˆÏÎy˚ à˛õe ˆòö ܲ°y!ÓòƒyÓ˚ !¢«˛Ü˛ !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ܲyåÈ ˆÌˆÏܲ•z üyà≈yˆÏÓê˚ ˛ 1895 ˛õÎ≈hsˇ 3 ÓåÈÓ˚ !¢“ܲ°y
!Ó£ÏÎÜ˚ ˛ xˆÏöܲ áÑ%!ê˛öy!ê˛ !¢ˆÏá ˆöö– ˙ ~ܲ•z ÓåȈÏÓ˚ °u˛ˆÏö fl∫yü# !ÓˆÏÓܲyöˆÏ®Ó˚ Ó_,´ï˛y ïÑ˛yÓ˚ çàÍÈÙÈò,!‹T §¡õ)î≈
˛õ!Ó˚Ó!ï≈˛ï˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆòÎ˚– !ï˛!ö fl∫yü#ç#ˆÏܲ xö%§Ó˚î ܲˆÏÓ˚ û˛yÓ˚ˆÏï˛ xyˆÏ§ö 1897ÈÙÈ98 §yˆÏ° ~ÓÇ fl∫yü#ç# ïÑ˛yˆÏܲ
Ó·˛ã˛Î≈y◊ˆÏü ò#«˛y ˆòö– í˛z•z¡∫°í˛ˆÏö ïÑ˛yÓ˚ !¢“ܲ°yÓ˚ §ˆÏD Îͧyüyöƒ ˛õ!Ó˚ã˛Î˚ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ç#ÓˆÏö xï˛ƒhsˇ =Ó˚&c˛õ)î≈
û)˛!üܲy ˆöÎ˚ñ ~ÓÇ !¢“ˆÏ≤Ãü# û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ç#ÓˆÏöÄ ï˛y ~ܲ•zÓ˚ܲü û˛yˆÏÓ í˛zˆÏÕ‘áˆÏÎyàƒ– ˛õyÿ˛yï˛ƒ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚
§%ò)Ó˚≤çyÓ˚# ≤Ãû˛yÓ ˆÌˆÏܲ !ï˛!ö ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ÓyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ xyöˆÏï˛ ˆ˛õˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö ܲyÓ˚î !ï˛!ö !Ó£ÏÎ˚ê˛y Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛öñ ~ÓÇ
û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !ã˛e!¢“ñ !û˛!_!¢“ñ fliy˛õï˛ƒ Ä û˛yflÒˆÏÎ≈ƒÓ˚ x˛õ)Ó≈ ˆ§Ô®Î≈ Ä à!Ó˚üyÎ˚ ü%?˛ •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ˆÏï˛ö–
1898ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ çyö%Î˚y!Ó˚ üyˆÏ§ û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈ ~ˆÏ§ üyà≈yˆÏÓ˚ê˛ñ !§fiê˛yÓ˚ !öˆÏÓ!òï˛yÓ˚ öï%˛ö û)˛!üܲyÎ˚ xÓï˛#î≈
•ˆÏ°ö– fl∫yü# !ÓˆÏÓܲyöˆÏ®Ó˚ xöƒï˛ü !¢£Ïƒy ~ÓÇ ≤Ãã˛yÓ˚ §•ˆÏÎy!àö# •ˆÏÎ˚ !ï˛!ö ˆÜ˛yˆÏöyÓ˚ܲü xû˛yÓ x!û˛ˆÏÎyà
åÈyí˛¸y•z §¡õ)î≈ öï%˛ö ~ܲ ç#ÓöÎyey ~ÓÇ §Çfl,Ò!ï˛Ó˚ §ˆÏD !öˆÏçˆÏܲ üy!öˆÏÎ˚ !öˆÏ°ö– û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈ x§•ƒ àÓ˚üñ
x§%á !Ó§%áñ xyÓç≈öy ~ÓÇ x!ÓŸªy§ƒ òy!Ó˚oñ ܲ!ë˛ö ç#ÓöÎyey §ˆÏ_¥Ä ~ˆÏï˛ ˆÜ˛yö §ˆÏ®••z ˆö•z ˆÎ !öˆÏçÓ˚
ˆò¢ ˆÌˆÏܲ Ó‡ò)ÓÓ˚ ï˛#≈ ~•z û˛yÓ˚ï˛Ó£Ïˆ≈ ÜÏ ˛ !ï˛!ö xhsˇÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ û˛yˆÏ°yˆÏӈϧ!åȈ° Ï ö– !ï˛!ö §üyçˆÏ§ÓyÎ˚ ≤ÃÌü ˆÌˆÏܲ•z
éÑ˛y!˛õˆÏÎ˚ ˛õí˛¸ˆÏ°ö– Îáö ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÎ˚ ˆ≤’à ˆòáy !ò°ñ !ï˛!ö ~•z ü•yüyÓ˚#Ó˚ §ˆÏD ~ˆÏܲÓyˆÏÓ˚ §yüˆÏö ˆÌˆÏܲ °í˛¸y•z
ܲˆÏÓ!˚ åȈ°
Ï ö– !ï˛!ö !öˆÏç Ó˚yhflyÏ âyê˛ é˛Ñyê˛ !òˆÏÎ!˚ åȈ°
Ï ö ~ÓÇ Óƒy˛õyÓ˚ê˛y ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓy§#Ó˚ ˆã˛yá á%ˆ° Ï !òˆÏÎ!˚ åÈ°– ï˛yÓ˚yÄ
xyˆÏhflÏ xyˆÏhflÏ ˛õ!Ó˚‹ÒyÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚FåÈßï¨ ˛yÓ˚ ≤Ãã˛yÓ˚ ܲyˆÏç Î%_´ •ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õí˛¸°ñ Î!òÄ xyÓç≈öyÓ˚ §Çflõ¢≈ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ôü#≈Î˚ xyã˛yˆÏÓ˚
x÷!ã˛– ~üö !ܲ Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è !ü¢ˆÏöÓ˚ §òƒÈÙȧߨƒy§#Ó˚yÄ ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ Ü,˛Fåȧyôöy Ä ˛õÑ%!Ì˛õyë˛ ˆåȈÏí˛¸ Ó˚yhflÏyÎ˚ §yôyÓ˚î
üyö%ˆ£Ï ÓÏ ˚ §y•yˆÏ΃ ˆöˆÏü xyˆÏ§ö– !öˆÏÓ!òï˛yÓ˚ ~•z ≤ÈöÏ yòöyÓ˚ ò#â≈flyi Î˚# ≤Ãû˛yÓ ˛õˆÏí˛¸!åÈ° !ü¢ˆÏöÓ˚ ~ÓÇ §ß¨ƒy§#ˆÏòÓ˚
IJõÓ˚ñ ÎÑyÓ˚y ˆû˛ˆÏÓ!åȈϰö ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ü)° ܲyç xy◊ˆÏü ≤ÃyÌ≈öyÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ §#üyÓk˛ ÈÙÙÙÈ ç#ÓˆÏöÓ˚ í˛zayö ˛õï˛ˆÏö ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚
ˆÜ˛yö û)˛!üܲy•z ˆö•z– ÎyÓ˚y §y•yˆÏ΃Ó˚ çöƒ ÜÑ˛yòˆÏåÈñ ˆ§•z üyö%£Ï=ˆÏ°yÓ˚ ˆ§ÓyÎ˚ !öˆÏçˆÏòÓ˚ !öÎ%_´ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ܲÌy ïÑ˛yÓ˚y
ï˛áöÄ û˛yˆÏÓö!ö– ~•z û˛yˆÏÓ•z ïÑ˛yÓ˚ 44 ÓåȈÏÓ˚Ó˚ ç#ÓˆÏöñ !ï˛!ö ˛õÓ˚Óï˛#≈ 14 ÓåȈÏÓ˚ ~ܲ é˛ˆÏí˛¸Ó˚ üï˛ ÓˆÏÎ˚
!àˆÏÎ!˚ åȈ°Ï ö–
1902 §yˆÏ° fl∫yü#ç#Ó˚ !ï˛ˆÏÓy˚ ôyˆÏöÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÓ˚ !öˆÏÓ!òï˛y e´ü¢É Ó˚yüܲ£è !ü¢ö ˆÌˆÏܲ §ˆÏÓ˚ xyˆÏ§ö ~ÓÇ
!öˆÏçÓ˚ §yüy!çܲ ܲyçܲˆÏü≈ ˛õ%ˆÓÏ y˚ ˛õ%!Ó˚ üˆÏöy!öˆÏÓ¢ ܲˆÏÓö˚ – û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ó≈Ï ˚ fl∫yÌ≈Ó«˚ ˛yÓ˚ ˙ܲy!hsˇÜ˛ ≤ÈãÏ ˛‹Ty ï˛yÓ˚•z xÇ¢–
!ï˛!ö û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ó≈Ï ˚ •z!ï˛•y§ñ ôü≈ñ §Çfl,Ò!ï˛ñ ~ˆÏòˆÏ¢Ó˚ öyÓ˚# ~•z §Ó!ܲå%È !öˆÏÎ˚ öï%˛ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ !ã˛hsˇyû˛yÓöy ÷Ó˚& ܲÓ˚ˆ° Ï ö–
!Ó!ê˛¢ §y¡ÀyçƒÓyˆÏòÓ˚ •yˆÏï˛ ~•z ü•Í ≤Ãyã˛#ö §û˛ƒï˛y ˆÜ˛üö ܲˆÏÓ˚ xÓò!üï˛ •ˆÏFåÈ xyÓ˚ ôùLjϧÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÌ ã˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈñ
ˆ§•z ܲÌy ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ï%˛ˆÏ° ôÓ˚ˆÏï˛ xyö%£Ï!Dܲ §Ó!ܲå%È•z ïÑ˛yÓ˚ !ã˛hsˇyû˛yÓöyÓ˚ Ó› •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛z벰– ~•z
ÓÎ˚yˆÏö û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ çy!ï˛ ~ÓÇ ï˛yÓ˚ fl∫yô#öï˛y fliyö ˆ˛õ° §ÓyÓ˚ IJõˆÏÓ˚– ï˛áö x!ôܲyÇ¢ û˛yÓ˚ï˛Óy§#Ó˚ ˛õˆÏ«˛•z
§y¡ÀyˆÏçƒÓ˚ ˆçyÎ˚y° åÈÑ%ˆÏí˛¸ ˆú˛ˆÏ° !òˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚yÓ˚ ܲÌy û˛yÓy ܲ“öyÓ˚Ä xï˛#ï˛ !åÈ°– !ï˛!ö ~•z §û˛ƒï˛yÓ˚ ≤ÈÏï˛ƒÜ˛!ê˛
§Ω˛yÓƒ !òܲ ï%˛ˆÏ° ôÓ˚ˆÏ°ö ~ÓÇ ≤ÃÌüï˛ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ˆÏòÓ˚ §yüˆÏö•z ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ í˛zIμ° Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ ï%˛°ˆÏ°öñ ÎyˆÏï˛ ï˛yÓ˚y ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚
û%˛ˆÏ° ÎyÄÎ˚y xï˛#ï˛ ~ÓÇ ˙!ï˛•ƒ §¡∫ˆÏ¶˛ ◊k˛yÓyö •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– 1906 §y° ˆÌˆÏܲ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ç#ÓˆÏöÓ˚ ˆ¢£Ï ˛õÎ≈hsˇ
û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢“ !öˆÏÎ˚ !öˆÏÓ!òï˛yÓ˚ xçflÀ ˆ°áyˆÏ°!áÓ˚ §Ω˛yÓ˚ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ •yˆÏï˛ ~ˆÏ§ˆÏåÈ– Ó›ï˛É û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢ˆÏ“ ïÑ˛yÓ˚
ü)° í˛zͧy• ˛õyÿ˛yï˛ƒ §û˛ƒï˛yÓ˚ñ !ӈϢ£Ïï˛ñ @ˇÃ#ܲ !¢“ !ã˛hsˇyÓ˚ xÓòyö öÎ˚– ˆ•ˆÏ°!öܲ !¢“!ã˛hsˇyÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ û˛yÓ˚ï˛Ó£Ï≈

45
 ü•yˆÏŸªï˛y !öˆÏÓ!òï˛y

§˜ÏÓ≈Ó ÈÙÙÙÈ }î# ~•z ≤Ãû˛yÓ¢y°# üˆÏï˛Ó˚ §¡õ)î≈ !ÓÓ˚&ˆÏk˛ !àˆÏÎ˚ !ÓˆÏÓܲyö® 1902 §yˆÏ°Ó˚ ˛õƒy!Ó˚ ܲöú˛yˆÏÓ˚ˆÏ™
~ܲ!ê˛ x§yôyÓ˚î Ó_,´ï˛y ˆòö– !öˆÏÓ!òï˛yÓ˚ û˛yÓöy !ã˛hsˇyÎ˚ ~•z Ó_,´ï˛yÓ˚ §%ò)Ó˚ ≤çyÓ˚# ≤Ãû˛yÓ Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ ã˛yÓ˚&ܲ°y !Óòƒy°ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ Sàû˛ö≈ˆÏürê˛ fl%Ò° xú˛ xyê≈˛V ≤ÃÓyò≤Ã!ï˛ü xôƒy˛õܲ •z. !Ó.
•ƒyˆÏû˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ §ˆÏD !öˆÏÓ!òï˛yÓ˚ §y«˛yÍÄ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ üˆÏö àû˛#Ó˚ ≤Ãû˛yÓ !ÓhflÏyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åÈ°– ~ܲyôyˆÏÓ˚ !¢“ ˙!ï˛•y!§Ü˛
~ÓÇ xyhsˇç≈y!ï˛Ü˛ áƒy!ï˛ §¡õߨ !¢“§üyˆÏ°yã˛Ü˛ •ƒyˆÏû˛°ÈÙÈ•z ≤Ãyã˛#ö û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢“˜Ï¢°# ˛õ%öÓ˚&ayˆÏöÓ˚ ˛õ!ÌÜ,˛Í–
fl∫yü#ç# Îy xö%û˛Ó ܲˆÏÓ!˚ åȈ° Ï ö ~ÓÇ !öˆÏÓ!òï˛y Îy xy®yç ܲˆÏÓ!˚ åȈ° Ï ö ÈÙÙÙÈ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢“ܲ°y •zí˛zˆÓÏ y˚ ˛õ#Î˚ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚
Ó‡ ˛õ)Ó≈Óï˛#≈ ~ÓÇ !@ˇÃܲ ˙!ï˛ˆÏ•ƒÓ˚ flõ¢≈ Óƒ!ï˛ˆÏÓ˚ˆÏܲ•z fl∫yô#ö û˛yˆÏÓ àˆÏí˛¸ í˛zë˛!åÈ°ñ •ƒyˆÏû˛° ~•z üï˛ˆÏܲ•z •yˆÏï˛
öyˆÏï˛ ≤Ãüyî ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆòáyö– !öˆÏÓ!òï˛y •ƒyˆÏû˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ §ˆÏD §¡õ)î≈ ~ܲüï˛ !åȈϰö ~ÓÇ ÓˆÏ°!åȈϰöñ Ú[!ï˛!ö] !ë˛Ü˛•z
xö%üyö ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈöñ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢“ܲ°y û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ xyòˆÏ¢≈•z Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓÛ– •ƒyˆÏû˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ Ó•z Indian Sculpture
and Painting ˆÌˆÏܲ !ï˛!ö í˛zk,˛!ï˛ !òˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö ≠
!@ˇÃܲÓ˚y ˆÎüö û˛yÓ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚ ò¢≈ö Ä ôü≈ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓö˚ !öñ !ë˛Ü˛ ˆï˛üö•z ïÑ˛yÓ˚y û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢“Ä ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓö˚ !ö–
!@ˇÃܲ ö®öï˛ˆÏ_¥Ó˚ xyò¢≈ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !ã˛hsˇy ˆÌˆÏܲ §¡õ)î≈ xy°yòy– ~ÓÇ ï˛y ܲáˆÏöy•z û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ ã˛yÓ˚&!¢ˆÏ“Ó˚
IJõÓ˚ ã˛y!˛õˆÏÎ˚ ˆòÄÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚ öy– ~•z !¢“ §¡õ)î≈ fl∫ï˛sf ~ÓÇ !öçfl∫ ã˛!Ó˚e =ˆÏî §¡õ)î≈ï˛ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !ã˛hsˇy
~ÓÇ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ ˜Ï¢!“ܲ ÅÍܲˆÏ£Ï≈Ó˚ ú˛°–3
§yôyÓ˚îû˛yˆÏÓ ˆÓ¢#Ó˚û˛yà ˆ°yܲ Îy çyöï˛ ï˛yÓ˚ !ÓÓ˚&ˆÏk˛ !àˆÏÎ˚ ~•z üï˛Óyò ≤Ãã˛yÓ˚ ܲÓ˚y•z xyàyü# ò¢
ÓåȈÏÓ˚ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ °«˛ƒ •ˆÏÎ˚ òÑyí˛¸y°– û˛yÓ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚ !öçfl∫ !¢“ ˙!ï˛ˆÏ•ƒÓ˚ àˆÏí˛¸ Äë˛yÎ˚ !öˆÏÓ!òï˛yÓ˚ xÓòyˆÏö xyˆÏ°yܲ˛õyï˛
ܲÓ˚y•z ~•z ≤Ãӈ϶˛Ó˚ í˛zˆÏj¢ƒ– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ xòüƒ í˛zòƒü ~ÓÇ ˙ܲy!hsˇÜ˛ §üÌ≈ˆÏö•z •ƒyˆÏû˛° ~ÓÇ xÓö#wöyÌ ë˛yÜ%˛ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
~•z !¢“˜Ï¢°# SˆÓD° fl%Ò°Vñ ÷ô%üye !¢“#ü•ˆÏ°Ó˚ Óy•zˆÏÓ˚ ˆÓ!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ Ó,•_Ó˚ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ §üyˆÏçÓ˚ xyˆÏ°yã˛öyÓ˚ !Ó£ÏÎ˚
Ó› •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zˆÏë˛!åÈ°– û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ çyï˛#Î˚ çyàÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ xÓ¢ƒΩ˛yÓ# ~ÓÇ x!ÓˆÏFåÈòƒ xÇ¢ !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ ≤Ãyã˛#ö û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚
!¢“ܲ°yˆÏܲ §ÇÎ%_´ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆöÄÎ˚yÎ˚ !ï˛!ö =Ó˚&c˛õ)î≈ û)˛!üܲy ˛õy°ö ܲˆÏÓ!˚ åȈϰö– •z. !Ó. •ƒyˆÏû˛° ~ÓÇ xÓö ë˛yÜ%˛Ó˚
û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ ܲ°y!ÓòƒyÓ˚ !¢«˛yˆÏܲ öï%˛ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ Óƒyáƒy ܲˆÏÓ!˚ åȈϰöñ ~ÓÇ ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛y ܲˆÏÓ!˚ åȈϰö •z!u˛Î˚yö ˆ§y§y•z!ê˛ xú˛
Ä!Ó˚ˆÏÎr˚ ê˛y° xyê≈˛– ïÑ˛yÓ˚y !Ó!ê˛¢ §y¡ÀyçƒÓyò# !¢“ï˛ˆÏ_¥Ó˚ !ÓÓ˚&ˆÏk˛ üï˛ ≤Ã!ï˛‹Ty ܲˆÏÓ!˚ åȈϰö ~ÓÇ !öˆÏÓ!òï˛y §yôyÓ˚î
û˛yÓ˚ï˛Óy§#Ó˚ !öçfl∫ !¢“ ˙!ï˛ˆÏ•ƒÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ ≤ÃÌyàï˛ ò,!‹Tû˛D# ˛õ%öà≈ë˛ö ܲˆÏÓ!˚ åȈϰö– !öˆÏÓ!òï˛yÓ˚ §yˆÏÌ •ƒyˆÏû˛ˆÏ°Ó˚
≤ÃÌü ˆòáy •Î˚ 1902 §yˆÏ° ˆú˛Ó&Î˚y!Ó˚ üyˆÏ§ñ xÌ≈yÍ fl∫yüy#ç#Ó˚ !ï˛ˆÏÓ˚yôyˆÏöÓ˚ ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ üy§ xyˆÏà– •ƒyˆÏû˛ˆÏ°Ó˚
!¢“!ã˛hsˇyÓ˚ §ˆÏD ïÑ˛yÓ˚ !öˆÏçÓ˚ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢“ò,!‹TÓ˚ !ü° ˆòˆÏá !öˆÏÓ!òï˛y á%¢# •ˆÏÎ˚ ĈÏë˛ö– •ƒyˆÏû˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ ≤ÃÌü !òˆÏܲÓ˚
ܲyçñ ˆÎüö Taj and Its Environs S1903V ~ÓÇ Benares S1905V ˆÌˆÏܲ•z çyöy ÎyÎ˚ñ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚
!¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ !¢Ü˛í˛¸ û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈•z àû˛#Ó˚ û˛yˆÏÓ ˆ≤Ãy!Ìï˛ ~ÓÇ Ó!•û≈˛yÓ˚ï˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ ôyÓ˚ ܲÓ˚y öÎ˚– !ܲv ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÓÓ˚ ˚ !òˆÏܲÓ˚
Ó˚ã˛öyñ ˆÎüö Essays on Indian Art, Industry and Education S1908V ~ÓÇ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ü•Í ܲyçñ
Indian Sculpture and Painting S1908V ÈÙÙÙÈ ~•z ò%!ê˛ @ˇÃˆÏsi•z ≤Ãôyöï˛ •ƒyˆÏû˛° §¡õ)î≈û˛yˆÏÓ
§y¡ÀyçƒÓyò# üöhflÏ_¥ ˆåȈÏí˛¸ §y•§# ˛õòˆÏ«˛˛õ !öˆÏ°ö–
!öˆÏÓ!òï˛y ~åÈyí˛¸yÄ àû˛#Ó˚û˛yˆÏÓ xö%≤Ãy!îï˛ •ˆÏÎ!˚ åȈϰö §òƒ Î%Óy xyö® Ü%˛üyÓ˚fly∫ ü#Ó˚ !ã˛hsˇyû˛yÓöyÎ˚ ~ÓÇ
ïÑ˛yˆÏÜ˛Ä xö%ˆÏ≤ÃÓ˚îy !òˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö– Ü%˛üyÓ˚fl∫yü# ˛õÓ˚Óï˛#≈ ܲyˆÏ° û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ xyhsˇç≈y!ï˛Ü˛ Óƒyáƒyï˛y !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ
xöƒï˛ü ≤Ãôyö •ˆÏÎ˚ ĈÏë˛ö– !Ó!ê˛¢ §y¡ÀyçƒÓyò# !¢“ àˆÏÓ£Ïܲ çö í˛zí˛ˆÏú˛ ~ÓÇ °í≈˛ !ܲˆÏã˛öyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ üï˛ö
§üyˆÏ°yã˛Ü˛ˆÏòÓ˚ ò,!‹Tû˛D#Ó˚ !ÓˆÏÓy˚ !ôï˛yÎ˚ !öˆÏÓ!òï˛y •ƒyˆÏû˛° ~ÓÇ Ü%˛üyÓ˚fly∫ ü#Ó˚ §ˆÏD ˆÎyàòyö ܲˆÏÓö˚ – û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚

46
 !öˆÏÓ!òï˛y Ä û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢“

!¢“!Ó£ÏÎÜ˚ ˛ K˛yˆÏö•z ÷ô% §#üyÓk˛ ÌyܲˆÏ° ~•z !Óáƒyï˛ àˆÏÓ£ÏܲˆÏòÓ˚ !ã˛hsˇy û%˛° ӈϰ ≤Ãüyî ܲÓ˚y ˆÎï˛ öy– çyöˆÏï˛
•ï˛ •z!ï˛•y§ ~ÓÇ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ §û˛ƒï˛yÓ˚ xçflÀ ï˛Ìƒ– !¢“ !Óï˛Ü≈˛ ˆ¢£Ï ˛õÎ≈hsˇ Ó˚yç˜Ïö!ï˛Ü˛ xÌÓy !Ó§¡∫yò# ï˛Ó˚çy
öÎ˚– xyˆÏÓÜ˚ ˛çö !¢“Óƒ!_´c ÎÑyˆÏܲ !ï˛!ö á%Ó•z ◊k˛y ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛öñ !ï˛!ö Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ ºyï%˛‹õ%eñ xÓö#wöyÌ ë˛ÈyÜ%˛Ó˚
ÈÙÙÙÈ !Î!ö ÷ô% öyüܲÓ˚y !¢“#•z !åȈϰö öyñ ˛õyÿ˛yï˛ƒ xy!DˆÏÜ˛Ä ˛õyÓ˚ò¢#≈ !åȈϰö– ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ xyê≈˛
ܲˆÏ°ˆÏçÓ˚ §•ÈÙÈxôƒ«˛ !åȈϰöñ ~ÓÇ !öˆÏÓ!òï˛y ïÑ˛yˆÏܲ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢“ܲ°yÎ˚ !ӈϢ£Ïû˛yˆÏÓ üˆÏöy!öˆÏÓ¢ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ çöƒ
e´üyàï˛ xö%ˆÏÓy˚ ô ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ö– ˆÓD° fl%Ò° !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ ˛õ!Ó˚!ã˛ï˛ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢“ xy!DˆÏܲÓ˚ §Ó≈≤ÃÌü Óí˛¸ !¢“# !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ
xÓö#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ xyd≤Ãܲy¢ ~•z ≤ÈÏöyòöyÓ˚•z ú˛°– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ~•z ˛õ!Ó˚Óï≈˛ˆÏö !öˆÏÓ!òï˛yÓ˚ û)˛!üܲyÓ˚ ܲÌy !ï˛!ö
§Ü,˛ï˛K˛û˛yˆÏÓ fl∫#ܲyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓˆ˚ ÏåÈöñ ~ÓÇ ï˛yÓ˚ Úû˛yÓ˚ï˛üyï˛y !¢“Û ÅÍܲˆÏ£Ï≈Ó˚ ~ܲ ã˛Ó˚ü !öò¢≈ö •ˆÏÎ˚ xyˆÏåÈ– Modern
Review ˛õ!eܲyÎ˚ !öˆÏÓ!òï˛y í˛zFå¥È!§ï˛ ≤âǧyÎ˚ ˆ°ˆÏáö ≠
fl∫yçyï˛ƒ û˛yÓöyÓ˚ !¢“# !ܲ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ~ܲçö üyö%£Ï •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zë˛ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓñ˚ ˆÜ˛yö !Óü)ï≈˛ !ã˛hsˇy Ó˚_´üyLjϧÓ˚ xyܲyÓ˚
!öˆÏÎ˚ !ã˛!eï˛ •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ !ܲ⁄ !öɧˆÏ®ˆÏ• ï˛y §Ω˛Ó– Ó›ï˛É˛õˆÏ«˛ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ üˆÏö Î!ò ˆÜ˛yö ≤ß¿ ÌyˆÏܲ
ï˛y•ˆÏ° xÓö#wöyÌ ë˛yÜ%˛ˆÏÓÓ˚ ˚ x˛õ)Ó≈ û˛yÓ˚ï˛üyï˛y åÈ!Ó!ê˛ ˆ§•z §Ω˛yÓöyÓ˚ §y«˛yÍ !öò¢≈ö–
~•zû˛yˆÏÓ•z !ܲå%È !ܲå%È û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢“# ˆ¢£Ï ˛õÎ≈hsˇ ô#ˆÏÓ˚ ô#ˆÏÓ˚ ˛õyÿ˛yï˛ƒ ˆï˛° Ó˚ä xyÓ˚ ܲƒyöû˛y§ xÌÓy
ˆÓyí≈˛ ˛õ!Ó˚ï˛ƒyà ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö– ÷ô%üye xö%û)˛!ï˛Ó˚ ï˛#«¯˛ï˛y ~ÓÇ §)-ï˛yÓ˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ !öû≈˛Ó˚ öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆçyÓ˚ !òˆÏ°ö û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚
xö%û˛Óö Ä û˛yˆÏÓÓ˚ IJõˆÏÓ–˚ xÓ¢ƒ Ó˚!Ó Óü≈yÓ˚ üï˛ö !¢“#Ó˚yÄ !åȈϰöñ ÎÑyÓ˚y û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ ˛õ%Óy˚ ö !öû≈˛Ó˚ åÈ!Ó §¡õ)î≈
˛õyÿ˛yï˛ƒ ˆÜ˛Ô¢° ~ÓÇ !¢“ xyòˆÏ¢≈ xÑyܲˆÏï˛ö–
çy˛õyö# !Ó≤’Ó# ~ÓÇ !ã˛hsˇy!Óò ÄܲyÜ%˛Ó˚yÓ˚ §ˆÏDÄ !öˆÏÓ!òï˛yÓ˚ Ó¶%˛c ˜ï˛!Ó˚ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– •ƒyˆÏû˛° Ä
xÓö#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ üˆÏï˛y !öˆÏÓ!òï˛yÄ ≤Ãyã˛ƒ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ ˆ§•z §Ó í˛z˛õyòyö !öˆÏÎ˚ ü%?˛ !åȈϰö ÎyˆÏï˛ ˛õyÿ˛yˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ ˆ°¢üye
ˆåÈÑyÎ˚y ˆö•z– ˆçyí˛¸y§ÑyˆÏܲyÓ˚ ë˛yÜ%˛Ó˚Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ ïÑ˛yÓ˚y ~•z !öˆÏÎ˚ â^ˇê˛yÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ â^ˇê˛y ~ܲ§ˆÏD xyˆÏ°yã˛öy ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛öñ §ˆÏD
ÌyܲˆÏï˛ö ï˛y•zˆÏܲö ~ÓÇ !•!¢òyÓ˚ üï˛ çy˛õyö# !¢“ !ӈϢ£ÏK˛Ó˚yÄ– •zí˛zˆÏÓy˚ ˛õ#Î˚yö !¢“!Ó¢yÓ˚òÓ˚yÄ ~ܲ•z Ó˚ܲü
§üyòÓ˚ ˆ˛õˆÏï˛ö– §!ï˛ƒ ܲÌy Ó°ˆÏï˛ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢“#ˆÏòÓ˚ çy˛õyö# !¢“ !ӈϢ£ÏK˛ˆÏòÓ˚ §ˆÏD Î%_´ ܲˆÏÓ˚ñ ò)Ó˚ÈÙÈ≤Ãyã˛ƒ
~ÓÇ û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈Ó˚ öï%˛ö §ÇˆÏÎyà§)e Ä û˛yÓöy !Ó!öüˆÏÎ˚ !öˆÏÓ!òï˛y•z §y•y΃ ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– ö®°y° Ó§%ñ §%ˆÏÓ˚wöyÌ
àyD%°# ~ÓÇ x!§ï˛Ü%˛üyÓ˚ •y°òyˆÏÓÓ˚ ˚ üï˛ ï˛Ó˚&î !¢“#ˆÏòÓ˚ IJõÓ˚ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ xˆÏöܲáy!ö ≤Ãû˛yÓ !åÈ°– ~ÑÓy˚ ≤ÈÏï˛ƒˆÏܲ•z
ˆ¢£Ï ˛õÎ≈hsˇ ˆÓD° fl%Ò°ˆÏܲ §ü,k˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆï˛yˆÏ°ö ~ÓÇ ˆàyê˛y !ӈϟª !Óáƒyï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ö– í˛zòy•Ó˚î ö®°y° ïÑ˛yÓ˚
ü•yˆÏŸªï˛y åÈ!Ó!ê˛ˆÏï˛ Ó˚!Ó Óü≈yÓ˚ ˛õyÿ˛yï˛ƒ ≤ÃܲÓ˚î xˆÏöܲê˛y•z öܲ° ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö– !ܲv !öˆÏÓ!òï˛yÓ˚ ≤Ãû˛yˆÏÓ ~ˆÏ§
!ï˛!ö xÓö#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ ÚÓ%k˛ ~ÓÇ §%çyï˛yÛ åÈ!ÓÓ˚ xhsˇ°#≈ö ˆ§Ô®ˆÏÎ≈Ó˚ §¶˛yö ˛õyöñ ~ÓÇ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ !¢“˜Ï¢°# !ã˛Ó˚!òˆÏöÓ˚
üï˛ ˛õy°ˆÏê˛ ÎyÎ˚– !ï˛!ö Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓö˚ ñ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢“ !öˆÏçÓ˚ =ˆÏî•z §ü,k˛– !öˆÏÓ!òï˛y ïÑ˛yÓ˚ “The Function
of Art in Shaping Nationality” S1903V ≤Ãӈ϶˛ ˆ°ˆÏáö ≠
~ܲ!ê˛ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !ã˛eñ §ï˛ƒ•z Î!ò ï˛y û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ •Î˚ ~ÓÇ ü•Í •Î˚ñ ï˛y û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ üöˆÏܲ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ ˛õˆÏÌ•z
flõ¢≈ ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓ– ˆÜ˛yö öy ˆÜ˛yö xyòˆÏ¢≈ñ ˆÜ˛yö û˛yÓ xÌÓy xö%û˛Óñ •Î˚ ˛õ!Ó˚!ã˛ï˛ñ xÌÓy ï˛Í«˛îyÍ
xö%û˛ÓˆÏÓòƒ–
xçhsˇy =•y!ã˛ˆÏeÓ˚ xööƒ ã˛!Ó˚e ÎÑyÓ˚y Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛ ˆã˛‹Ty ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö ~ÓÇ ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ≤ÃÌü ï%˛ˆÏ° ôˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰöñ
!öˆÏÓ!òï˛y ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ xöƒï˛ü– û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ ~•z xÓî≈ö#Î˚ !ÓfløÎ˚ 1819 §yˆÏ° ~ܲçö !Ó!ê˛¢ ˜§öƒ
xyܲ!fløܲ û˛yˆÏÓ xy!Ó‹ÒyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ!˚ åȈϰö– ≤ÃyÎ˚ 400 ÓåÈÓ˚ Óy ï˛yÓ˚Ä ˆÓ!¢ §üÎ˚ ~•z !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ ˆÜ˛yö •!ò¢ !åÈ° öy–

47
 ü•yˆÏŸªï˛y !öˆÏÓ!òï˛y

û)˛ï˛_¥!Óòñ ö,ï˛_¥!Óòñ fli˛õ!ï˛ñ !¢“ !ӈϢ£ÏK˛ ~ÓÇ ˙!ï˛•y!§Ü˛ˆÏòÓ˚ xçhsˇyÓ˚ à“!ê˛ Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛ ~ÓÇ àˆÏí˛¸ ï%˛°ˆÏï˛
xˆÏöܲ §üÎ˚ ˆ°ˆÏà!åÈ°– û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ •z!ï˛•yˆÏ§Ó˚ ü)°ˆÏflÀyˆÏï˛ xhsˇû≈%˛_´ •ˆÏï˛ ˆ°ˆÏà!åÈ° xyˆÏÓ˚y ˆÓ!¢ §üÎ˚ ~ÓÇ
~•záyˆÏö !öˆÏÓ!òï˛yÓ˚ xÓòyö á%Ó ˆÓ!¢ üyö%£Ï çyˆÏöö öy– xy!Ó‹ÒyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ 27 ÓåÈÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ñ Ó˚Î˚ƒy° ~!¢Î˚y!ê˛Ü˛
ˆ§y§y•z!ê˛ ˆüçÓ˚ Ó˚Óyê≈˛ !à° öyˆÏüÓ˚ ~ܲçö ˆ˛õ¢yòyÓ˚ !¢“#ˆÏܲ !öˆÏÎy˚ à ܲˆÏÓö˚ ~•z =•yÓ˚ Ó‡Óî≈ ˆòÎ˚y°!ã˛e=!°
öܲ° ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛– !à° 1863 §y° ˛õÎ≈hsˇ ≤ÃyÎ˚ 20 ÓåÈÓ˚ ôˆÏÓ˚ 27!ê˛ !Ó¢y° åÈ!Ó xÑyˆÏܲöñ !ܲv ˆ§•z§Ó åÈ!Ó
1866 §yˆÏ° °u˛ˆÏöÓ˚ !e´fiê˛y° ˛õƒyˆÏ°ˆÏ§Ó˚ û˛Î˚yÓ• x!@¿Ü˛yˆÏ[˛ ˛õ%ˆÏí˛¸ åÈy•z •ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚– û˛yäy üö !öˆÏÎ˚ !à°
1875ÈÙÈ~ xçhsˇyÎ˚ xyÓyÓ˚ !ú˛ˆÏÓ˚ Îyö– !mï˛#Î˚ òú˛yÓ˚ ܲyç ˆÓ!¢ ò)Ó˚ ~ˆÏàyˆÏï˛ öy ~ˆÏàyˆÏï˛•z ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ü,ï%˛ƒ •Î˚–
•z!ï˛üˆÏôƒñ ≤ÃyÌ!üܲ åÈ!Ó ˆï˛y°yÓ˚ §yç§Ó˚Oyü !öˆÏÎ˚ !à° §yòyܲyˆÏ°y !ܲå%È åÈ!Ó ï%˛ˆÏ°!åȈϰö– ï˛Íܲy°#ö
!ÓmIöˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ˆ§•z åÈ!Ó ˆ˛õÑÔˆÏåÈ ÎyÎ˚– ~áyˆÏö xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ üˆÏö Ó˚yáˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ ˆÎ 1848 §yˆÏ° Ó˚΃˚ y° ~!¢Î˚y!ê˛Ü˛
ˆ§y§y•z!ê˛ ÓˆÏ¡∫ ˆÓyí≈˛ ˆê˛¡õ° ܲ!ü¢ö ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛y ܲˆÏÓ˚ ÈÙÙÙÈ ÎyÓ˚ ܲyç !åÈ° ӈϡ∫ ˆ≤Ã!§ˆÏí˛™#ˆÏï˛ =•y=!° ˛õ!Ó˚‹ÒyÓ˚
ܲÓ˚y ~ÓÇ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ !ӈϢ£Ïc ˜ÓK˛y!öܲû˛yˆÏÓ §ÇÓ˚«˛î ܲÓ˚y–
1872 §yˆÏ° ӈϡ∫ ˆ≤Ã!§ˆÏí˛™# çö !@ˇÃ!ú˛Ì xyÓ˚ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ åÈyeˆÏòÓ˚ xyÓyÓ˚ ~ܲ•z ܲyˆÏç !öÎ%_´ ܲˆÏÓö˚ – 13
ÓåȈÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚◊ˆÏü ~•z ò° 300!ê˛ Ü˛ƒyöû˛y§ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ˆÏï˛ §üÌ≈ •Î˚– ~ˆÏòÓ˚ xˆÏöܲ=!° °u˛ˆÏöÓ˚ •zü!˛õ!Ó˚Î˚y°
•z™!ê˛!ê˛í˛zˆÏê˛ SÎy ˛õ)Ó≈ï˛ö !û˛ˆÏQy!Ó˚Îy˚ ~ÓÇ xƒy°Óyê≈˛ !üí˛z!çÎ˚yüV ≤Ãò!¢≈ï˛ •Î˚ 1885 §yˆÏ°– ò%û≈˛yàƒçöܲû˛yˆÏÓ
xyˆÏÓÜ˚ ˛!ê˛ û˛Î˚yÓ• x!@¿Ü˛yˆÏ[˛ ≤ÃyÎ˚ ¢ï˛y!ôܲ åÈ!Ó ö‹T •ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚– ~•z !üí˛z!çÎ˚yˆÏü §ÇÓ˚!«˛ï˛ 166!ê˛ åÈ!Ó•z Óï≈˛üyˆÏö
xçhsˇy =•y!ã˛ˆÏeÓ˚ ≤Ãyã˛#öï˛ü ˛õ%öfl≈iy˛õˆÏöÓ˚ !öò¢≈öñ ˆÎáyö ˆÌˆÏܲ xyüÓ˚y Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛ ˛õy!Ó˚ xyÓ•yÄÎ˚yñ ã%%Ñ˛ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õí˛¸y
ç°ñ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ xӈϕ°y ~ÓÇ û%˛ˆÏ° û˛Ó˚y §ÇÓ˚«˛ˆÏî ö‹T •ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÄÎ˚yÓ˚ xyˆÏà xçhsˇy =•y!ã˛e=!° ˆÜ˛üö ˆòáˆÏï˛
!åÈ°– ï˛yåÈyí˛¸y !@ˇÃ!ú˛Ì xyÓ˚ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ò°ÓˆÏ°Ó˚ ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚ ܲÓ˚y §hflÏyÓ˚ Óy!ö≈¢Ä ü)° åÈ!Ó=!°Ó˚ «˛Î˚«˛!ï˛Ó˚ çöƒ !ܲå%Èê˛y
òyÎ˚#– ~•z §¡õò çö§yôyÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ çöƒ ≤Ãò!¢≈ï˛ •Î˚!ö ~ÓÇ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢“#ˆÏòÓ˚ !¢“ܲyˆÏÈç ~Ó˚ ˆÜ˛yö í˛zˆÏÕá‘ ˆÏÎyàƒ
≤Ãû˛yÓÄ ˛õˆÏí˛¸!ö– ~Ó˚ çöƒ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ã˛ˆÏ° ˆÎˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ ˛õÓ˚Óï˛#≈ ˛õÎ≈yˆÏÎ˚ Îáö ˆ°!í˛ !e´!fiê˛öy ˆ•!Ó˚Ç•yüñ
!öˆÏÓ!òï˛yÓ˚ §!e´Î˚ §•ˆÏÎy!àï˛yÎ˚ 1909 ˆÌˆÏܲ 1911Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ üˆÏM˛È ≤ÈÏÓ¢ ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö– !öˆÏÓ!òï˛y ö®°y° Ó§%
~ÓÇ x!§ï˛Ü%˛üyÓ˚ •y°òyÓ˚ˆÏܲ ˆ•!Ó˚Ç•yˆÏüÓ˚ §ˆÏD §•ˆÏÎyà# !•§yˆÏÓ ˛õyë˛yˆÏ°ö– ïÑ˛yÓ˚y Îy ˆòáˆÏ°ö ~ÓÇ ≤Ã!ï˛Ó˚*˛õ
xÑyܲˆÏ°öñ ï˛y ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ àû˛#Ó˚û˛yˆÏÓ ≤Ãû˛y!Óï˛•z ÷ô% ܲÓ˚° öyñ ÓÓ˚Ç ~•z ˛õ%öÓ˚&ͲõyòˆÏö•z ≤ÃÌü û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ û˛yÓôyÓ˚yÓ˚
åÈy˛õ flõ‹T û˛yˆÏÓ ôÓ˚y ˛õí˛¸°– û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢“ôyÓ˚yÎ˚ ~!ê˛ ~ܲ!ê˛ ˆüyí˛¸ÓòˆÏ°Ó˚ ü%•)ï≈˛– xçhsˇy =•y!ã˛e xÌÓy ˆ§•z
xyòˆÏ°Ó˚ xÑyܲy åÈ!Ó Ó,•_Ó˚ çö˛õ!Ó˚§ˆÏÓ˚ ˆ˛õÑÔˆÏåÈ ˆà°– !ë˛Ü˛ ~•záyˆÏö•z !öˆÏÓ!òï˛y ~ÓÇ ˆ•!Ó˚Ç•yü §¡õ)î≈ xy°yòy
~ܲ!ê˛ fliyö x!ôܲyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ xyˆÏåÈö– û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ ú˛ıôyÓ˚y xçhsˇy xyÓ˚ xyô%!öܲ û˛yÓ˚ï˛!¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ §ÇˆÏÎyà
§yôˆÏö–
ö®°y° û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ˆÏcÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ ïÑ˛yˆÏܲ í˛zͧy!•ï˛ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ Óƒy˛õyˆÏÓ˚ !öˆÏÓ!òï˛yÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ
!ã˛Ó˚Ü,˛ï˛K˛ !åȈϰö– !ï˛!ö ӈϰˆÏåÈö ≠
û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢“#Ó˚ x@ˇÃà!ï˛Ó˚ !ã˛hsˇy ïÑ˛yÓ˚ üˆÏö §Ó≈òy•z ˆá°y ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆÎï˛– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ܲyåÈ ˆÌˆÏܲ xy!ü ˆÎ í˛zͧy•
ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚!åÈ ï˛y ӈϰ ˆ¢£Ï ܲÓ˚y ÎyÎ˚ öy– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ !ï˛ˆÏÓ˚yôyö xˆÏöܲê˛y•z ˛õˆÏÌÓ˚ !ò¢yÓ˚# •y!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÏú˛°yÓ˚ üï˛ö
ˆÓòöyòyÎ˚ܲ–
÷ô%üye ö®°y° ~ܲy•z !öˆÏÓ!òï˛yÓ˚ í˛zͧy• ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰöñ ï˛y öÎ˚– §ühflÏ ï˛Ó˚&î !¢“#ñ ÎÑyÓ˚y xçhsˇy
xÌÓy ü%â° xÌÓy Ó˚yç˛õ%ï˛yöyÓ˚ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ xy!Dܲ @ˇÃ•î ܲˆÏÓ!˚ åȈϰöñ ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚Ä ç%ˆÏê˛!åÈ° §üyö §üÌ≈ö– x!§ï˛

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 !öˆÏÓ!òï˛y Ä û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢“

•y°òyÓ˚ñ §%á°ï˛y Ó˚yÄ ~ÓÇ §üˆÏÓ˚wöyÌ =Æñ ~ÑÓ˚yÄ !åȈϰö ïÑ˛yÓ˚ !≤ÃÎ˚ !¢“#– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ò,ì˛¸ ôyÓ˚îy !åÈ° û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚
!¢“#Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛û˛y !Ó!ê˛¢ˆÏòÓ˚ ˛õòû˛yˆÏÓ˚ ~ï˛ò)Ó˚ ã˛y˛õy ˛õˆÏí˛¸ ˆàˆÏåÈ ˆÎ ~ܲ!ê˛ öÓ¢!_´Ó˚ !ÓˆÏfl≥˛yê˛ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö– !ï˛!ö
ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ çy!àˆÏÎ˚ ï%˛°ˆÏ°öñ §y•y΃ ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°öñ ˛õˆÏÌÓ˚ !ò¢y ˆòáyˆÏ°ö– ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçˆÏö û˛Í≈§öyÄ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏ°ö– ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚
≤Ãò¢≈ö# ˆòáˆÏ°ö– Ó˚yüyö® ã˛ˆÏRy˛õyôƒyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ Modern Review ~ÓÇ Ú≤ÃÓy§#Û ˛õ!eܲyÎ˚ ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ åÈ!Ó ≤Ãܲy¢
ܲˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ í˛zͧy•ÓƒOܲ xyˆÏ°yã˛öy !°ˆÏá ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ í˛zI#!Óï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ ï%˛°ˆÏ°ö– ~•zÓ˚ܲü•z !åȈϰö !§fiê˛yÓ˚
!öˆÏÓ!òï˛y– !ï˛!ö ˛õyÿ˛yï˛ƒ !¢ˆÏ“ ˛õÓ˚y/$á !åȈϰö öy– !ܲv ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ò,ì˛¸ !ÓŸªy§ !åÈ° û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢“ ˛õyÿ˛yï˛ƒ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚
ˆÜ˛yö xö%ܲÓ˚î öÎ˚– ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ !öçfl∫ í˛zIμ° •z!ï˛•y§ xyˆÏåÈ– òy !û˛!M˛Èñ Ó˚yú˛yˆÏΰ ˚ ñ ˆç. ~ú˛. !üˆÏ°ê˛ñ˛ ˛õƒy!û˛§ òƒ
ã˛ƒyˆÏû˛ˆÏö§ ~ÓÇ xöƒyöƒ §ü§yü!Î˚ܲ ˛õyÿ˛yï˛ƒ !¢“#ˆÏòÓ˚ §¡∫ˆÏ¶˛ xˆÏöܲ ≤ÃÓ¶˛ !°áˆÏï˛ö– ~üö!ܲ xÓ˚!Ó® Ä
Ó˚yüyö® ã˛ˆÏRy˛õyôƒyÎ˚ñ ÎÑyÓ˚y ˛õyÿ˛yï˛ƒ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ =îü%?˛ !åȈϰöñ ïÑ˛yÓ˚yÄ ˆ¢£Ï ˛õÎ≈hsˇ !öˆÏÓ!òï˛yÓ˚ e´üyàï˛ ≤ÈÏÓy˚ ã˛öyÎ˚
û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ §üé˛òyÓ˚ Ä xöƒï˛ü §üÌ≈ˆÏܲ ˛õ!Ó˚îï˛ •ö– !öˆÏÓ!òï˛y ˆçyÓ˚ à°yÎ˚ ӈϰˆÏåÈö ≠
û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ çöàî û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ ôyÓ˚îyÎ˚ !¢!«˛ï˛ñ ~ÓÇ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ xö%û)˛!ï˛§)ˆÏe !ö!ü≈ï˛– ~ÓÇ ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚
ܲyˆÏåÈ !¢È“ !öˆÏÎ˚ ܲÌy Ó°ˆÏï˛ !àˆÏÎ˚ •zê˛y°# ~ÓÇ !@ˇÃˆÏ§Ó˚ e´üyàï˛ í˛zˆÏÕá‘ ÷ô% xÌ≈•#ö•z öÎ˚ñ û˛yÓöyÓ˚Ä
xï˛#ï˛–
Ó‡ !¢“#Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ öyöyÓ˚ܲü §,çö≤Ã!ï˛û˛yÎ˚ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ üö àˆÏÓ≈ û˛ˆÏÓ˚ í˛zˆÏë˛!åÈ°ñ ü,ï%˛ƒÓ˚ !ë˛Ü˛ ~ܲÓåÈÓ˚ xyˆÏà
ˆòáy ˆ¢£Ï !ã˛e≤Ãò¢≈ö#!ê˛ˆÏï˛– ˆ§ê˛y !åÈ° 1910 §yˆÏ°Ó˚ ˆú˛Ó&Î˚y!Ó˚– xÓö#wöyÌ ë˛yÜ%˛Ó˚ñ ààˆÏöwöyÌ ë˛yÜ%˛Ó˚ñ
ö®°y° Ó§%ñ x!§ï˛ •y°òyÓ˚ åÈyí˛¸yÄ ˆ§áyˆÏö !åȈϰö §%ˆÏÓ˚wöyÌ àyD%°#ñ ˆû˛B˛ê˛yØyñ Ä. !§. àyD%°# ~ÓÇ
{ŸªÓ˚#≤çyˆÏòÓ˚ üï˛ !¢“#Ó˚y– !ï˛!ö !°ˆÏá!åȈϰöñ ÚxyüÓ˚y ~ܲÓ˚y¢ xyö® !öˆÏÎ˚ !ú˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~°yüñ ܲyÓ˚î ~ܲ!ê˛ öï%˛ö
˜¢°#Ó˚ x!û˛Îyey Ä ≤Ãyã˛#ˆÏöÓ˚ §yˆÏÌ ï˛yÓ˚ §ÇˆÏÎyà ~ï˛ ˛õ!Ó˚‹ÒyÓ˚ û˛yˆÏÓ Ü˛áˆÏöy ˆÓyé˛y ÎyÎ˚!öÛ– xyüÓ˚y xˆÏöˆÏܲ•z
~•z !ӣψÏÎ˚ ≤ÃÓy!çܲy xˆÏ¢£Ï≤ÃyîyÓ˚ üï˛yüï˛ §üÌ≈ö ܲÓ˚Ó– !ï˛!ö !°áˆÏåÈöñ Ú~ ˆÜ˛yö x!ï˛Ó˚Oö öÎ˚ ˆÎ ˆÓD°
fl%҈ϰÓ˚ çß√ ~ÓÇ ≤Ãyã˛#ö û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ ˛õ%öÓ˚&I#ÓˆÏö ïÑ˛yÓ˚ öyü !ã˛Ó˚ܲy° í˛zIμ° •ˆÏÎ˚ ÌyܲˆÏÓÛ–

ï˛Ìƒ§)e
1) Reba Som, Margot : Sister Nivedita of Vivekananda, Viking, 2017
2) Nivedita’s letters 26th January 1905, vol. 2, pp 714-15
3) CWSN (pg 22)

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