Chapter 9 - Respiration

Keywords

1 Diaphragm

2 Respiration

3 Diffusion

4 Anaerobic

5 Operculum

6 Lenticels

7 Capillaries

Definition

1 Bronchi : A tube like structure that emerge from trachea.

2. Diaphragm: Diaghragm is a muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.

What I know

1) respiration. 2) mouth , nose 3) oxygen ,carbon dioxide. 5) Lungs

Checkpoint 1

Across

4) Two bronchi get connected to __________

5) A poisonous chemical that causes cramp

6) Compartments in the lungs

Down

1) Red coloured pigment in the human blood

2) Muscle separating chest cavity and abdominal cavity

3) This is oxidized to release energy and water vapour during cellular respiration

Checkpoint 2

1) Aerobic . Examples : plants and animals

2) Anaerobic. Examples : bacteria and fermentation.

1. Objective Type Questions

A. Tick the correct answer

1. a. both lungs and skin

2. a. Nose, Mouth , Trachea, lungs

3. a. two bronchi

4. d. All of these

5. c. Frog

6. b. Spiracles.

B. True or false

1. False. Not all the animals respire through lungs

2. True

3. False. The respiration which requires oxygen is known as aerobic respiration

4. False. Lungs contain small chambers known as alveoli

5. True

6. False . Anaerobic respiration takes place in the absence of oxygen.

C. Unscramble the word

1. DIAPHRAGM

2. GILLS

3. ANAEROBIC

4. LENTICELS

5. DIFFUSION

D. Give one word for

1. Frog

2. Pulmonary capillaries

3. aerobic

4. allow carbon dioxide gas to enter into

5. Oxyhaemoglobin.

D. Short Answer Questions.

1) What do you mean by respiration?

Ans : Respiration is the process in which food is broken in the presence of oxygen to release
energy. ( Pg no : 111)

2) What is the need for respiration in living organisms?

Ans : Respiration provides energy to living organisms. Thus, we can say that it is important
for all the living organisms on the Earth including humans, animals and plants to respire in
order to live. (Pg no : 111)

3) How does respiration process takes place in leaves?

Ans : Respiration in leaves takes place through the openings called stomata by the process
of diffusion .( Pg no : 118)

4) What is a diaphragm?

Ans : A diaphragm is a muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.( Pg no
: 115)

5) Define aerobic and anaerobic respiration .

Ans The process of respiration when takes place in the presence of oxygen is known as
aerobic respiration. The respiration which does not utilise oxygen is known as anaerobic
respiration. ( Pg no : 112 ,113)

6) What is the similarity between breathing in an earthworm and a frog?

Ans : Both earthworm and frog breathe with moist skin ( Pg no : 117)

7) How is breathing similar in a fish and a tadpole?

Ans : Both fish and tadpole breathe through gills. ( Pg no : 117)

8) How do gills help in respiration in aquatic animals?

Ans : Gills are covered by an opening called operculum. Operculum lets the water to pass
through the gills. The gills absorb oxygen from the water. The filaments in the gills contain
blood capillaries that help in the exchange of gases. They take in the dissolved oxygen from
water (Pg no : 117)

Long answer

1) Describe the process of respiration in human beings

Ans 1. In humans, respiration starts from the nose when humans breathe oxygen
from the atmosphere. There are different organs involved in the process of
respiration called respiratory organs.

Nose:

While breathing, oxygen is taken in through the opening called nostrils. The nostrils
have hair that filter the air and trap any dust particles of foreign material before
letting air inside the body. The slimy substance, called mucous, moistens the air and
the circulating blood warms up the air. This air is then passed through the nasal
cavity. Nasal cavity is the cavity through which the air is passed from the nostrils.

Trachea

The air from the nose passes through the pharynx to the trachea. Trachea is also
known as windpipe. It acts like a sieve to filter the fresh air. Trachea is guarded by
an opening called glottis, which has a covering called epiglottis.

Lungs:

There are usually two lungs in humans and animals. One of these is known as left
lung, the other is known as right lung. The two bronchi get connected to the air
passed through the trachea reaches the lungs. There are many compartments in the
lungs, which are known as alveoli having very thin walls.

Alveoli: Alveoli have tiny blood vessels which are known as pulmonary capillaries. Alveoli
are the main area where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases takes place through
the pulmonary capillaries. ( Pg no : 113, 114)

2) Describe the respiratory system in animals ?

Ans. Respiration process involves the exchange of gases in the environment. If we look
around us, we can see a variety of animals with a variety of body organs which helps
them in respiring. For example, some animals respire through their skin, some
organisms use gills for this purpose and other use lungs, etc.

Respiration through skin:

Some organisms such as Amoeba, Euglena and Paramecium breathe through their skin.
The exchange of air takes place from their outer cell membrane or skin. Frog,
earthworm and leech also breathe through their skin. These animals have moist skin
which helps them in breathing.

Respiration through gills:

Fish and other aquatic animals respire through gills. Gills are covered by an
opening called operculum. Operculum lets the water in to pass through the gills.
The gills absorb oxygen from the water. The filaments in the gills contain blood
capillaries that help in the exchange of gases.
Respiration through lungs
Animals such as frogs breathe through the lungs present in their body. Tadpoles
breathe through gills when in water. Frogs also breathe through their moist skin just
like an earthworm and leech. Birds and other mammals also breathe through lungs.
Respiration through air holes:

Insects breathe through long tube-like structure called tracheal system. Each trachea
has openings called spiracles that allow the exchange of gases. Insects such as
cockroaches and grasshopper breathe through air holes. ( Pg no : 117)
3) How do plants respire ? State the role of various plant parts in the process.

Plants exchange gases like human beings to gain energy for their growth. However, they do
not have special organs for respiration. As plants do not have specific organs for breathing,
the exchange of gases takes place through different body parts such as leaves, stems and
roots. Exchange of gases in the leaves takes place through the opening in the leaves and
stem called stomata. Stomata looks like openings and are made up of two cells. These
cells are known as guard cells. It is due to the expansion and contraction of guard cells
that exchange of gases takes place in the leaves.Oxygen from the air enter into the leaf
through stomata and reaches all the cells by the process of diffusion. The oxygen is used in
respiration in all cells of the leaf. The carbondioxide produce during respiration diffuses out from the
leaf into the air through the same stomata .( Pg no : 118)

4) . Explain the exchange of gases in plants ?

Ans : . Exchange of gases in the leaves and stems takes place through the opening
in the leaves and stem called stomata. Stomata looks like openings and are made
up of two cells. These cells are known as guard cells. It is due to the expansion and
contraction of guard cells that exchange of gases takes place in the leaves. These
guard cells look like kidney beans. Oxygen from the air enter into the leaf through
stomata and reaches all the cells by the process of diffusion. The oxygen is used in
respiration in all cells of the leaf. The carbondioxide produce during respiration diffuses out
from the leaf into the air through the same stomata .( Pg no : 118)

5) With help of an activity, explain that the air we breathe out is carbon dioxide.

In order to prove that the air we breathe out contains carbon dioxide, take two glass tubes
with lime water in them and label them as A and B. Leave tube A in open air undisturbed.
Take a straw and breathe out air in the tube B. You will observe that the colour of lime
water in tube B changes to milky white. Lime water turns milky when carbon dioxide is
passed through it. Therefore, it shows that the air we breathe out contains carbon dioxide.
( Pg no : 112 Activity)

6) Observe the given picture label the parts and explain the process

Ans : In humans, respiration starts from the nose when humans breathe oxygen
from the atmosphere. There are different organs involved in the process of
respiration called respiratory organs.

Nose:

While breathing, oxygen is taken in through the opening called nostrils. The nostrils
have hair that filter the air and trap any dust particles of foreign material before
letting air inside the body. The slimy substance, called mucous, moistens the air and
the circulating blood warms up the air. This air is then passed through the nasal
cavity. Nasal cavity is the cavity through which the air is passed from the nostrils.
Trachea

The air from the nose passes through the pharynx to the trachea. Trachea is also
known as windpipe. It acts like a sieve to filter the fresh air. Trachea is guarded by
an opening called glottis, which has a covering called epiglottis.

Lungs:

There are usually two lungs in humans and animals. One of these is known as left
lung, the other is known as right lung. The two bronchi get connected to the air
passed through the trachea reaches the lungs. There are many compartments in the
lungs, which are known as alveoli having very thin walls.

Alveoli: Alveoli have tiny blood vessels which are known as pulmonary capillaries. Alveoli
are the main area where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases takes place through
the pulmonary capillaries. ( Pg no : 113, 114)

7) Differentiate between

( Pg no : 111,112)

( a) External respiration Internal respiration

1) lt is the process in which oxygen is taken in 1) It is the process in which exchange of gases
and carbon dioxide is given out take place inside the body

It occur between the body and external It take place at cellular level
environment
( b) Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration

1) The process of respiration during which 1) Respiration which does not utilise oxygen is
oxygen is utilised l is known as aerobic known as anaerobic respiration
respiration

2) In aerobic respiration glucose breakdowns 2) In anaerobic respiration, the amount of

and the amount of energy released is high energy released is comparatively less as food
breakdowns in the absence of oxygen

3) Aerobic respiration take place in almost all 3) Anaerobic respiration occur in yeast cells
animals and plants

E NR I C HM E NT ACTIVITIES

HOTS

A) How does respiration differ in a whale and a

human being?

A. Human beings breathe through their nose/nostrils and the air reaches the lungs.
Whales have blowholes to breathe in air.

B) Are breathing and respiration the same or different?

B. Breathing and respiration are different processes. Breathing is only inhaling of

oxygen and exhaling of carbondioxide.But during respiration reactions take place
within the cell of the living organisms and is a source of energy. Breathing is one of
the parts of respiration.

Extra question (Application based question)

1) On a very cold morning , Ram and Sita were talking with each other as they
walked down to their school. They observed that the air coming out of their mouth
looked like smoke. They were amused and wondered how it happened .Help them
to find the answer .

Ans : When the climate is cold warm, and moist air is exhaled by us condenses into
mist when it comes in contact with the cold air of the atmosphere. This looks like
smoke coming out of our mouth.

2) Why do we get muscle cramp after heavy exercises?

Ans : The cramps occur when muscle cells respire anaerobically. The partial
breakdown of glucose produces lactic acid. The accumulation of lactic acid causes
muscle cramps.

Notes to be written in notepad. S.A : 1,2,8. L.A : 1,4,7. Hots : all

Portfolio : To draw a well labelled diagram of human respiratory system in A-4 size
paper.

Lab manual : To prove that air we breathe out contains carbon dioxide ( pg no : 112
Activity 1)

Class Activity : Make a model to demonstrate the movement of diaphragm during

breathing . ( Pg no : 115 , activity 2)