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Su mmer Training Report on

"Supply Chain Managemen t of Perishable
Materials(Caulijlower) during Mo11soo11 Season
(July -Septemher) "

As panial ful filme111 of requiremenis for 1hc award of

1hc l'osl Gradua 1e Diploma in Management
2011-13

Su bmitted By:
Krishna Kunmr
Roll No.MMI1 13157
.•

Sri &•II Bocl•q'S

B1 ji lnslitult of Modtm Min1gemt11t (Blllll)
,.,.._f,ytlHM
bJ AlClt,, Mlnl•tryoll«O,c.ovt ol
.
BALAJIJNSTITUTE OF MODERN MANAGEMENT
S.No. 5512-7.Tmhawode.
-
011'Mu1nb;1i Bangolorc bypass, Pun c •4 11 033

Maharashttu, India -•
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:l'A:BLB OP CON:l'BNTS
S.J.fo. <Particulars <Paee J.fo.

I Ce11·ificate 3

II Bonafidc - Declaration 4

111 Acknolcdgcmcnt 5

IV Exccu1ivc Sununary 6

Ch-l Dc1ails orthe Organisation 7

Ch-2 Projccl Rationulc 13

Ch-3 Description & Supply chain Mapping Of Study 20

Area.Advnmagcs and Disadvamages

Ch-4 Possible Al1cmalivc Interventions 25 .•

Ch-5 Standard Operating Practices (SOP) 32
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Ch-6 Conclusion and leconunendations 36

v Pron1ising Varieties of cauli flo\ver 38

VI Bibliography 40
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CBRT.lP.ICATB

This is to cenify that M r Kri shn a Kumar Roll No. MM 1113157 h as completed his
summer internship at Fmit and Vegetable Division or Mother dairy Fmit and
Vegetabl e Pvt Lt d.. Mangolpuri and h as submitted his project repon enlitledSupply
t·hai111111111llge111e111 of t:u11/iflou 1er 1/11ri11g 111011s11011 Season (July - Se11te111ber)
towards panial fulfi lment of the requirements for the award of the Post Graduate
Diploma in Management 20 1 1-13.

This Rcpon is the rcsu h or hi s own work and to th e best of my knowledge, no pan or
it has earlier comprised any other rcpon, monograph , disscnat ion or book. This
project \vas carried oul under n1y overall supervision.

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Date:......../07/12

Signature or the --- ---

Place:
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_,NAPDJB-BBCLA.RA.:rION

I hereby declare that tis project report on, "Supply tltui11 111111111geme111 of
uwliflower 1l11ri11g 111011so1111 Sett.<011 (Ju(I• - September)" at Fruit and Vegetab le
Division of Mother dairy Fnait and Vegetable Pvt Ltd,, Mangolpuri, which is being
submiued in partial fulfilment of the requfrements for the award of the Post Graduate
Diploma in Managemen t 20 I 1 -13, is the result of the work carried out by me, under
the mentorship of to Mr. Miltir Molt111111t (GM. Supply Clr11ill Mt11111geme11t)and
guidance of Dr. V111reet Kt11/1ttria (Deputy M anager ) of Mother Dairy F&V Pvt. Ltd.

I further submit that th is project work has not been submitted to the M DF&V Unit
before or afier for any 01er purpose.

Signature of the Mentor .•.

Self - Signarure

Signature of the Guide

Date: ........107/12
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ACK.NOWLBBGB:MBNT

The satiation and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of the project
would be incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible.

I take this opportun ity to express my sincere grat itude to Mr. Miltir Molta1w1 (OM ,
S1tfJfJYI Clwi11 Mm111ge111e111 ) for his valua ble guidance, support and encouraging
\VOrds during the entire project duration.

I feel privileged i n expressing profound sense of gratit ud e and indebtness to my

company guide Dr. Vtmeet K11t/111ria (Def11tly Ma11ager, Proc11re111e111) for his
invaluable support, guidance and suggest ions wh ich helped me to do the project.

I \vould like to thanks A·fr. D P Agga n11(J/ (Pr11c11re111e11t /11-c./1arge, Maltara.,.·fltra)

And Mr. K1111111r K1111da11 (Are11 111-clwrge, llldor e) who in spite of their busy
schedule has co-operated with me continuously and indeed their valuable contribution
and guidance have been certainly indispensable for my project work.

I owe my wholehearted tl1anks and appreciat ion to Mr. Navi11 Jlta (Assis1a111
Ma11uger) and the entire st aff of the company for their cooperation and assistance
during the course of my project.

I would also thank my lnstillltion and my faculty members without whom this project
would have been a distont realit y. I also extend my heartfelt thanks to my family and
\\1ell·\vishers.
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·rhis projcc1 111ainly focuses on identifying variousahcn1a1ivc interventions for enhancing 1hc
shelf li fe during 1mnspor1(1t ion, storage and selling at Safa!booths. This proj•-ct also focuses
on finding allem3tivcs to face tr:lnsit challenges as the produce is procured fron1far of place.
Ujjain (M.P) during 111onsoon season fron1July to Scptcn1ber.

This projccl undertaken und er MOTHER DAIRY FRUIT & VEGETABLE l'vt. Ltd.
1ongolpuri , Ne\v Delhi 1nainly fbcuses on Design ing thcsup1>ly c.hain for the 1>rocurc111cnt of
Cauli Oo\ver from Indore reg-ion as there is no alten1ntive region for the con1pany except
Indore. Indore region nloinl y cornpriscs of the blocks nan1cly Uiirtin. Torona. Mnhitpur.
Ghosadi CIC.

Mo1hcr Dairy was set up in 1974 under the 01>crmi on Flood Programme.A wholly owned
company of the Naiional Dairy Dc\'elopment Board (NDDB). Mother Dairy manufactures,
n1arkcls 1. sells 1ni lk and 1nilk products under the Mother Dairy brund , Dhnra range of edible
oils. Safal rnngc of fresh F&V. Frozen Vege1ables, Processed Fruit & Vegc1able l'roduc1s,
f'rui1 Pulps & Concentrates in bulk aseptic 1>ackagi11g and f1'Uil juices n t a nritiona l level. "::I
.,
Sofal is the 1norke1 leader in the organized fruit & vegetable retail business in Delhi NCR
\Vhere it sells nn average or 300 M·rtday 1hrough n nehvork of 350+ exclusive re1ail ou tlets .•,
under bmnd name Safol/ Safal Pure Veg, supporicd by a s1a1e-of-1hc-art large and
ultnunodcm Centro) Distribution Faci lity located in Delhi \Vith an unnuul capacity to handle
and process 2,00,000 MT of fresh ITuits and vegc1obil'S. Safal 1oday opcmles 1he largcs1
nu1nber of F&V Stores in Delhi NCR. Outlets are also presen1 in Bangalore und er the brand
n:unc Safa! Dai ly Fresh.

Safal has a pro1ninent presence in Export 1narke1 spread across 40 countries viz.• USA.
Europe, Russia, Middle East. Asia and Africn and exports Fresh Fruits& Vcge1ublcs (Gnapcs,
Banana. Gherkin. Onion. CIC.). Fruit Pulp & Concentrate, Frozen Fn1i1s & Vegetables. etc.
As1n 1c-of-Ll1c-art fruil proccssins plan • of frui1 handling capa city of 1 5.000 MT annu ally,
setu1> in 1996 at Mumbai supplies qunlity produ cts in tl1e intemn1ional n1arket.
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CHAPTBR-1
<Details of tne organisation

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1\101/ter .Dairv as an Orga11isatio11:

l> Molher Dairy was set up in 1974 under the Opernlion Flood Programme.A wholly
owned company of the National Dairy Developmem Board (NDl)B).

)l. Product Dh1i.sions:

I. Milk , under the Brond nurnc "l\'lothcr Oairy"'.
2.Milk products (Milk, Cuhured Products.Ice Creams. Pancer and Ghee), under the
Brnnd nan1e "l\1othcr Dniry''.
3. Range of Edible oils, under the Brand na1ne ''Dhuru".
4. Range of fresh Fruit & vegetables, Frozen Vegetables, Processed Fruit & Vegetable
l>roclucts, Fn.ii1 Pulps & Concentrates in bulk aseptic packaging and fruit juices. under
the Bmnd name "Safol",

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; Vis-ion and i\1ission:

Vision - Provide qualily food and beverages 10 consumers a1 affordable prices while
ensuring fh.ir re1un1s to the producers.
i\'l.ission • 1othcr Dairy's heritage is intrinsically linked lo the cooperative movcrncnt
in India. \Vith dctcnninotion & pride \VC 'viii continue to serve our famtcrs. rur.tl India
& our consun1c.rs. Ourvnlucs reflec1 \Vho \Ve are & \\•hat \Ve fim1ly believe in.

; A \Vurds and Re-cognitions :

1. 3"' Besi Employer of India -World M R D Congress (April-2010)

2. SAP Ace A\vard 2010 - Best run :J\\ard in Consun1cr Produc1s.

1

3. Business Leadership (Frui1 and vegeiablcs). .•.

4. Best Maintained l'lant A\vnrd.

5. Safety Innovation Award :2005.

6. Rujiv Gandhi Quulily Award :2005

7. Indian Innovation A\vard: 2005.

lio Quality Standa rds:

Molhcr Dairy is an IS/ ISO 9062, IS 15000 HACCP and IS 14001 EMS ccnificd
organization. Moihcr Dairy, Delhi has been awarded ISO 900 I :2000 s(Quality
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Managcmcnl Sysicms). MACCP,2002 f 3A (Food Safely Manugcmcnl Syslcms) and

ISO 14001:2004 (Environn1cntal Manragen1cnt Systems) Certifications. Moreover,
National Accreditation Board accredits its Quality Assurance Laboratory as per
ISO/I EC 17025:1999 for Tesiing nnd Cal ibrn1io11 Laboraiories.Dc1>nnmc111of Science
and Technology. Govcm111c111 of India.

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Sa{al as a Fruit aud Vegetable Unit:

M0Ll1cr Dairy F&V PVI. Lid. (Safol) is a SBU of Mo1hcr Dairy. ll was sci up in 1988 as a
pilot projcc1 \vith the aim to provide rc1nuncr"Jtivc prices to the fnnncrs across the country
thereby giving u thru st to the cooperntive culture. h:1chieves this n1ission by establishing n
direct linkage bct,veen fanners and custo1ncrs .

Safal is the rnarkct leader in the orgnnized F&V retail busin es.c.; in Delhi NCR \Vhcre it sells
an average of 300 MT/day lhrough a ne1work of 400+ exclusive re1nil oulleis under brand
nainc S11fal/ Snfill Pure Veg. supponcd by a s1111c--0f.1he-a11 large and uhrnmodcrn CDF
located in Mango1puri. DclhL Rc1ail Outlets arc also prcscn1 in B:ingalore under the brjnd .•.
name Safal Daily Fresh.

Safal hos olso n pro1nincnt presence in Export nu1rkc1 spread across 40 countries viz.• USA,
Europe, Russia f iddle East, Asia and J\frica and cxpo11·s fresh Fn1i1s & Vegetables
{Grape-.., Banana. Gherkin , Onion. etc.). Fnli1 Pulp & Concentrate. Frozen Fn1ils &
Vegetables CIC.
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;. Products:

SAFAL

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f& V
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Jula:s
&
Beverages l··=· Grocery

T
Vog. Allkokol
T Ric e

(Fruit l Ju ces IDrinks l

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Veg.
Jam Pickel tchup [Puree

hloJl_ tl_ JW..- ( llUI)

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J>:roJucf"'

Pmfi 'Frdo, / 'Froun Juice c!{,fiuit </Jeverafies aPooas <;;roary

'Ftflo/ Juices <Drin Jam (l!ick.{e 'l(/Wtup
fresh Fruits F.Peas Appk Guav3 Apple Mango Tomato Gold

F.Com Litchi f\.1tlnt'<

,> Mixed f\1ixcd
Bt1S1na1i
Rice
Silver
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T ruit Basnuui
Rice
Fresh F Hx Guava Orange Orange Green Pam1al
Vegctt1blcs Veg Chilly Rice
Conl rinenpj>le Pioeapple Peach
Chalkara
F.Aloo Phuu
Tikki

::
)>- Product Qualitv al Safal:
Quality of "Sofol" Produce starts from the field itsel f. Mother Dairy Quality ASsu roncc
profbssionuls constandy provide technical support to Funncrs during all stages of
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Supply chain (c.g harvest ing. handling, transportation und storage).

We, at Molher Dairy Monitor and Control the produce quality during rnntcrial receiving,
processing and finished pro<luc1 s1age against Co1npany Standards & Specifications.

Our s1a1e of the a11 Ma11ufacn1ring 01>cra1ion s nre certified for Qunlity Management
System (ISO 9001:2008) and Food Safety Management System (ISO 22000: 2005).

The Core purpose of "Sa fal" is to bring Fresh. Frozen and Processed Fruit & Vegcu1blc
Quality products that form daily diet of the people.

;:.. Procu rem ent Model:

Ptirnarily :111 thc itc1us: procured a1 the CJ)F (Collt.. 1ion and Dis1ributio11 Focility. Mt1ngolpuri)
;ire divided into h\'O groups:

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•arc proeuttd rrc>n1 diO'Cmn r gions in India

• 12 i1n15 : 1llngo, Papaya, B:m
: :in:i.Ornngc.Peas. Appl!!. Gropes.. rotl11usan1i .GuavZL, Po1n10, Onion and
TOll'\310.

•arc procurc.- d (rom iu a.<.>in nnd around I 50-200 kn1mngC" of the Ocllli-NCR region.
•1\ll olhC"r itc-1n.c; C'XC(pt 12 Nntion11l l C"n1s.

;. Safal'sSupply Chain :
As 1hc vision and 1nission of 1hc co1npa n y deals only \\l ith providing bcncfi1s 10 the
fonners dlrec1ly, by el imin at ing 1he 1niddle n111n in bc1,vecn . Soi the prod u ce is
procured in four different \v3ys:

L The firsl nnd ntost preferred procure1nent option is to buy direclly front the
fam1crs and in case, if one fanncr is not able 10 supply the desired quantity
\Vilh deircd quality, then front fanners·Association s.

I I. The second prctbrred op1ion is to cntploy a ntiddlcntan bel\vcen famter and

con1pany, called as a ven dor.

JI I. The last prefe1Tt".'<1 opt ion is to 1,rocure fro1n the Mandi, through a vendor:
\Yhich is explained in the follo,v ing diagra1n:
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Vendor

rm
Farmer's
Association -./
l CDF Safal Booths l Consume:

b ·- J
A&ent
Vendor
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;,.. Safal is on1y concerned \vith the A-gr.1dc produce procurc1ncnl fro1n vendors. lhus •
minitnizing con1pany's risk. •
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CHAPTBR-a
<Proje ct-<B.sztionafe

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/11trotl11ctio11 •

In 1odny s highly con1pc1ilivc- global n1nrkc1 pince,1he 1>rcs-surc on organizations 1ofind nc\v
'va.ys 10 create and deliver value gro,,is even s1rongcr. Gradually.in cn1crging ccono111ics as
\\'Cll us nu1turc markets. the po,vcr of the buyer has overtaken that of the cus101ncr. Prices
have ahvays been a critical con1peti1ivc variable in 1nnny n1t1rkets an d the signs arc that. it
beconte$ nn issue to thin k upon as co1nn1oditiza1ion of n1arkcts continues.

In chis con1ex1. logis1ics and supply chain 1nnnagc1nen 1 hove bec:o 1ne the crucial areas of
rnanagcmc nt. ll1ou gh 1ndiu spends over 12 per cent of ils GDP on logistic nnd su pply chain
n1anagc111cnt. custon1cr value provided is unsatisfi1ctory. TI1is area bcco1ncs even n1orc
iinportant ln lhe sector of agribusint•-. s. because most of the ngricultuml products arc
perishab le an d ha\'e a "ery short shelf life.

Supply Chain M11nngcmcn 1 (SCM) is 1hc O\'Crsiglu or111n1crials.infonnniion. and finances as

they n1ovc in a process fro1n suppJicr 10 n1anu13cturer to \\1holcsaler to rc1ailer 10 consu1ncr.
Supply chain n1anagc111cnl involves coordinating nnd integrating these three no\VS bo1h
\Vi thin nnd :unong con1panies.

The concept of Agric-ulturc sup1>ly choin refers to the 11ctivi1ics of procurc1ncn 1, order
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fulfi l1ncn1. produc1 design and devclop1ncnt. distributi on. delivery and custon1cr service
execu ted by t\VO or n1orc sepanlle organ zations in the agribusiness industry, to fUlfi l
cus1on1er orders.

A_n cfficieru su1>ply chain can contribute 10 an increase in 1_ he 1narke1nble surplus byIO\VCring
do,vn 1hc inctlicicncics in produc1ion. processing. storage and transponation. fl ensures bcncr
prices to the.: farmers inducing them to invest n1orc in the vital inputs so that productivity
leaps frog. It \V idens n1arke1 opportunities for products and thtL'i helps in ma in1a ining an ever
incrt-asing demand for the sa1ne. An organized retailing ac1s as a s1i111ula1or 10 pron1otc
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gro,vth of ugro bused industries, h..:lpin g the lhrn1crs in
{Wiil production planning in advance. ba:icd on dc1nand
forecast.

Econo111ic efficiencyin a sys1c 1ncan be exan1ined as:

I . Technica l efficiency: In mllrkcling the produce, the technical efficiency i.s said to ha ve
increased \\1hcn operational cost is reduced for pcrfonning :i function for each unil of output.
1"his can be achieved by reducing physical losses an d hnprovc111cnlin 1hc technology 10 carry
out par1icular function viz. s1oragc, trnnsporiation, handling and processing. A change in lhc
technique can resuh in the reduction of per unil cos1.

2. Allocative efficiency :Alloc.-nivc efficiency of fam1 products either over tin1e or across the
space a111011g the traders. proce.i.;.sors and consu111crs protccls lhe ccono1nic interest of the
producers and consu111cr.

Mo1cr Dairy Fruit & Vegetable Pvt Ltd is the market leader of organised F&V Retail
Business in Delhi NCR_ and has also o prominen t presence in Export market spread across 40
countries.

And as doing my project in MDF&VPL (Suf"al), Ihuve found out tha t Mother Dairy has
excelled in Allocative clTicicncy. because the mantra of Allocu1i\lc clliciency lies in the
vision and n1ission of the co1n1>any. \vhich ni1ns to provide ren1uncnitivc prices to the filmters
across the country for Lheir produce, by clin1inating the huem1ediaries involved. .•.
But, Safal has 10 in1prove i1s te.chnic.nl efficiency. The 111ain business of 1DF&V unit is Agri-
Busincss and considering the pcrislmbility and low shelf life of Agri-Products (i.e. F&V),
there is a lot opponunity to enhance its Technical efficiency; \\•hich, in tum. also help in
strengthening its 1\l10C11tive etliciency.

C1111/ijltn1 er ,o;upp( J' clu1i11 1111111oge111e111 f Or Co11/ijltnver d11ri11g 1 1011soo11 ·easo11 (July·
1

Septe111/)er).
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aBJ.E_Cfl_l!J;S:
To do lhc supply chain mt1ppiny fbr caulillo,vcr ror the f\VO areas ..Jaipur cu1d Indore"
fro111 \\1hcrc the CauHno,ver is procured 1nainlyduring Mon.soon season.

>- ·ro study the coulino,vcr supply chain a11d 10 l'i.nd possibili1ic.s 10 reduce the post-
harvcs1 losses at each singe or supply choin.
ible nhcmatives for 1ranspor1a1ion to 1niniini se 1hc rransi1 losses.
To findout 1he poss

).. To find out the possible alternatives for Pa ckaging to 1naxi1nizc the shel f Life and to
111ini1nisc the losses during storage.

C.AUL/ FLQlVER:
Caulillo\vcr is one of the most i1nponnnt \vintcr vegetables of India. India produces 4.694 M
ntt of Cauli llo\ver per yc.:ir fro111 0.256 M hu area'vi1h an average productivi1y of about 18.3
nu/ha.In West Bengal.the area under caul itlower is 57.000 ha with total 1>roduction of 1 .670
11nl and overage produccivi1y of 29.3 ntt/hu .

1"he rnajor caul flo\ver producing s1a1es are Bihnr. Uttar Pradesh. Orisso.\Ves1 llengal. Assan1
I laryann , M P nnd M:1harashtra. fl is consuntcd as a vegetable in curries, soups nnd pickles.

QUAL/Tl 'OF CAULIFLO WERPROCURED JJ Y SAFAL:

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1"hc Quality standard fixed by Ml)F&V Unit for the procurcntcnl of caulino\vc.r curds is very
Strict.Curds should be:
>- \Vhi1c in colour.
Fully Compact.
).- Nol pungent
\Vith no or very less sulphur content.

$\VCCI in 1as1e.
Weight of a Curd should not exceed by 700 gms.
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The den1and for c.auli flo\ver in Delhi is aln1os1 san1e all-round the year,Bu t the procuren1ent
cannot be done front any one place,so Safal procures the Caul iflo,vcr fro1n 12 produc1ion
zones for a spcci lic 1imc in1crval.

1·he forecasted dcrnand for c.auli no\VCr in accordance \Vit h 1nain production ZOltt.'$ fl'Qlll \YhCrc
the cauliflo,vcr is procured: arc as fOllo,vs:

Area State T111;:et Qty.}or 2012. Proc11,e

. n1e111Duration
(mt. to1111es)
Panipat Ilnryanu 1057 O<:tober - February
Onhndur G11rh Mnrynntt 1085 O<:tober - February
Soncp:.11 Hnryuna 903 October - February
CBelt 245
1\ln·nr Rajasth:in 85 October - February
Jui1u1r /lbjl 1. t/rt1JI 376 A11g 11st - Ot·fl1her

Solan Himachal Pradesh 614 April - August

Hupur Uttar Pradesh 239 August • October
Cajraulu Uttar Pradesh 205 December·April '
1uzaffarnagar Uunr Pradesh 0 October - February
Judore Madhya Pradesh 0 August .Septe11r ber
l\1undi Delhi 459 Round the year

f!.RQ_Cfl.REM_EN T MODEL:
Caulino\\'Cr con1cs under Regional itctns and hence arc procured from areas in and
around 150-200 kn1 range of the Delhi-NCR region, \vith fe\v exceptions \\•hen
de1nand isnot sntisfied in nnd nround. cs1>eciolly in n101isoon season .

For C.auli n o\vcr. Sufal presentl y has Multi -Vendor Model. It can procure directl y
fro1n the Fanncrs. front 1he f.'1nner sassociations, Vendors or Fron1Azadpur n1andi.

;.;.-. Snfal.pri1narily buys on ly A-grade Cauti no,ver fro1n the Fam1ersl Vendors 3nd thus.
1ninirnizes 1hc Risk Fnctor fHits side.
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l·lo,vcvcri during the period bct\vccn the dispatch of Cnulillo,vcr to the boot.h.s and

their sale tlicrc arc considemblc losses due to low shelf· Sa}a(:
li fe and logistic problem.

STUDY AREA:
Out of the above 12 production zones, I have to focus rnainly on arcus fro111 \vhcrc the supply
conles in n1onsoon season, i.e. Jaipur (Pushkar) and Indore Areas.

Juipu r r\ rca:
11 is locau"<l in Rajasthan and provides 1he supply 1nainly during Monsoon season fron1
August 10 October.

JAIPUR
OlICT .J h u n 1 n u n " "

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Indore Area:

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II is locutcd in Madhya Pradesh and it also provides the supply mainl y during Monsoon

seas on fro1n Augus1 10 Septen1ber.

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..,......,""'' .._,.,,,..,.c.._,_ ...

- l.

.
.•.
Atb .a. ntages of Procure11ren1 fi·o111 these IH't1 regions:

The only advnn1ngc of procurc 1nenl fro1n tl1esc regions is 1ha1thereis no other pince fron1
\\•here cnulino,vcr can be procured , it is the only source and the finn has to fulfil the dc1nand
of the market.

Dl ,·Ad,rt1111oges of Procure111e111 ti·o111 these l\vo regions:

Titc 111ain disadvantages arc

;... Disu1nce, \Vhich le3dS 10 trnn si1 challenges.

 ...
21

,.. Cauliflo,vcr has lo\v shelf l ifC and the transit tirnc is high.\Vhich leads to Packaging
Chnllcnges.

CHAP.l'BR-1 .•
(])escription of the Stutfy)lrea
Supp{y Cliain :Mappino of the)lrea
)ldvanta{Jes, (])isadvanta{Jes of <Procurement

-•
 ...
11

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ZJ.I
..__ ..,.( llll!J
.,Al('!, .,,......c... ......
.IH N

Qfis_C]J lP.ILOJYJ)LSIJJJ2X.AlJ1uJ.;.
Indore Region \VtlS ossig:ned to 1ne as nly study Area. but the office is nt Ujjain because of the
prox.i1niLy to th e villa ges frorn'vh crc th e produce is procured.

Ujjai11 District:

Ujjain DistTict is a dis1ric1 of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The historic city of
Ujjnin is 1he dis1ric1 he:idqunrters. Ujjain is situated on 1he Mah\'ll Plateau in Central India.
The soil is black and stony. Soybean. 'vhcu1. jo,var and bajn1along'vith Onion. po1a10 and
green vegetables (e.g. Caulin ov.icr) ore the n1ain crops g.ro'"'"·

The district hos an area of 6,091 km'. and a population of 1 ,986,597 (201 1 Census). Uijain
has a sex mtioof 954 females for every 1000 males.[I ) and a literacy rate of 73.55 %.TI1e
.•.
distric1 is bou nded by the dis1ric1s of Shaja1>ur on the nonhcast nnd cast. l)c\vas 10 the
sou1hcast. Indore to the sou1h. Dhar 10 the sou1h\YCSt, nnd R a1larn to 1hc \Yest and nonh\VCSt.
The district is pan of Ujjain Division.

-.
 ...
13

N
Ujjain

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h••""t "-"

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""'-"''J)W
,IJM}
......-....Aefl _,.._ c-...i -.

The econo111y of Ujjain is 1nainly dependent on the agricultural activities of the nearby
villages. T\VO n1nin crops are gro\vn each year: \\ hea1 as the n1ajor Rabi crop, soybean as the
1

n1ajor Kharif crop. Ujjn in agriculture is sensitive 10 changes in rainfall nnd fOilure or

.•.
S.No dgt'Oerological Characu•ris1ics
Si1tu11io11

1 Shullo\\• Soils-ra in fed
Shallo\v blnck cnlc:arcous (Knmliakhcri series) depth Up to 45 cn1
Very shnllo\V - Panchderia series. lo'v \Vtu er re1einion c11pacicy. short
durn1ion preferred.
[Ujjoin (57.3). Tomno (41.8), Mohidpur (29.4). Kochrod ( I S.9). Gholio
( 13.5), Barnogar (10.8))
 ••lA•

2 Mediurn to deep soil . Mcdiurn black to deep soil having dcp1.h > 45 c1n - Sarol. Baloda,
roi11 fed f\.1alikheri series.
[Ujjoin (29.2), Tomno (33.4), Mnhidpur (45.7 ), Kachrod (57.5), Ghotio
(6 1.5). llarruigar (60.6)]
3 Medium 10 deep soil . f\1cdium bl uck 10 dt-.ep soil having depth > 45 cn1 - S.nrol. Balodn,
inigntcd Malikhcri series.
[Ujjnin (9.6), Tarana ( 123). Mahidpur ( 1 1.1), Kachrod ( 15.2). Gha1in
(15.1).Oamagar (20.2)]
4 Gravelly soil Gravelly soil nminly forest soil.
[Ujjain (3.9 ), Taruna ( 12.5), Mahidpur ( 13.8), Kachrod ( 1 1.4). Ghatia
(9.9). 011magar (8.4)]

1onsoon cycles can lay 3 dcvastallng toll on agriculture and the local ccono111y.

Uijain expc-ricnccs a \Vann sub..tropic-al climate.typical of Lhc interior Indian subcontinen t

Ujjain dis1ric1 consists of 6 Ulocksl Taluku and I 096 villages.

'"'"'"t! of Bl1Jcl. 1Vu.uf 1·Uluv.

.., 811dn112nr
.. l< hul'llr n1t
,_ 1\111.bldpur
187
2 18

-
222
il'Jl.rap11 '--- 211
Uiloln 130
Cbati11 128

.•
SU PPL_Y CH I MA PPIJ"«' OF THE A
REA:
S.No. Village Distance • Direction • Area under TentativeSowing
•
(Km) Cultivation period ."
•'
(Acres)

1 Durjl Kararlya 25
·30 40 50 E
2 Shipra 20 25 100
·125 E/M/l
3 MaliKhedi 25 30 50 75 E ::
4 Mvksy 60·65 70-75 L
s Baroda 40-45 25-30 M/L
6 Peer Kadadla 35-40 25-30 M
7 Daka-Chakalla 30-35 25
·30 E/M
 ...is

8 Palasla 45 50 25-30 E/M

9 Sllotiya 35-40 25-30 E/M
10 Musa
·Khcdl 3Q.35 25 30 E/M
11 Becjal Bor 40 45 25 30 E/M/l
12 Nagora > 30 l<m 25 30 E/M/l
13 Lohar Papaliya 35-40 25 30 E/M

•Distance and direction is taken, using Indore City as Base.

Jl' ·1111tages of Proc11re111e11t fro111 Indore fUliuiuJ region:

The only <1dva1noge of procurc1ne111 fronl this region is 1ha1 1herc is no 01hcr produce ion zone
li'orn \vhcrc cnuliflo\IJCr or A-Grade Qualit y canbe procured during tvlonsoon seasonin 1hc
month of August and till J 5lh September. So, it is theonly source and the firm is compelled to
procure cauHOo\vcr !Tom here; as the Fim1 hns to fulfil the den111nd of the n1arkel.

S.No. Tentative Tentative General P·roduce Flow Rate Despatch

Sowing Harve.stJng Quality Obs. Trend Packaging
Period Period (Rs/Curd
)

1 Early July Small, less Agra, Bhopal, Kanpur 15 20

compact,
yellowish Curd
with pungent

2 Mid August
smell
Sweet,
Compact,
New
Oelhi,Ahmedabad,
20-25
Tradit onal
&Tr"adit on
al along
.•.
whit e c-urd of Agra, Bhopal, Kanpur with Crates
appropriate at the
size with no Bottom
pungency
3 l ate September large, Agra,Bhopal,Kanpur 15 20
bloomed,
yellowishcurd
with pungent
odour.

Dis-1f tl••ll11tar:es of Pr oc111e111e11t fro111 this r egion:

·n1c n1n in disndvnn1age:s ore
 ...,
,.. DisH1nce. \vhi ch leads to tnu1sit challenges.The distnncc bct\\1Ccn Delhi and Ujjain is
810 kilon1ctrcs, \vhich le-ads to high transit Li111c.

;,... Caulino,vcr has lo' ' shelf life and th e transit 1in1c is high. \vhich leads 10 Packaging
Challenges.

;. Nlonsoon Season enhances the perishabili1y rate and lo,vcrs 1he Shel f lite. as it
increases 1hc aunosphcric hu1nidit y level, \vhich is a conunon reason ror 1hc roning of
Caulino,vcr.

/11t e.r1.•ef1tit111'l taken/ c.·011 he taken h11St1fa/ 10 addreS,\' these t•h11//e11ges:

'Transit Cnaffimges !J>ac9i119 Cnafk119es

• Pre-Cooling Technology •paper Wrap
*Refr gerated Transportation •Farm Wrap
'Compromised Refer.Transportation "EAS
•Modified Atmosphere Packag ng
'MIP

.•
 •1•7•

<Possi6{e JL{temative Interventions

 .._ _ ...
28
tollJ- ,...._..,,,........ .......(IOOI)
....,.....,AICIT ............'-..
As 1ncn1ionc<l in chapter-3, there are pOSSiblc: interventions 10 addss these challen ges. First ly, \Ve
\viii discuss interventions 10 hnndlc t111nsit chullcnges ond thc:n 10 bundle l 1ck1.1ging Chnllcngcs.

I. l'RE·COOll./\'G TECHJ\'010GY:

Pre-eool ing is 1he rapid removal of he31 from freshly hurves1ed prod uce. Tilis process
is 1ypicully done before 1he produce is shipped 10 murkc1 or pu1 in10 cold s1oragc.

U1/J v Preconling?

Metabolic: activity in fresh ITui1s ond vcgc1ables continues for o shon period :after
harvest. The energy required to sustain this activity eo1ncs fro1n respiration. \Yh ich
involves oxidation of sugurs 10 produce carbon dioxide, \Yater and hc". Ut. A
conlmodity's storage life is influenced by its respiratory activity. By storing i at lo\v
te111pr, respiration is reduced and sc-ne. cncc isdelayed. thus extending storage l ife.

Examples of products that are highly perishable and rnust begin cooling as soon as
possible after harvest arc: cauliOo\vcr, broccoli. to1natoes.leafy vcgctnblcs, cabbage,
carro1s and radishes.

TI1e normal shelf life of Caulinower is I or 2days.bu1when prccoolcd.the shelf li fo

for ca.uliflo,ver increases al lcusl 5 tim es to I 0 Days for best flavour and nutrition .
Method.<?
..,•
Pre·cooling rapidly lo\vers the te1npem ture of freshly harvested produce and is done
in1n1e.diately follo,ving harves t to 1nini1nizc s1)oilagc. There arc five principal n1ethods
of pre-cooling fresh prod u ce:

• Roo111 cool ing

• Forccd ttir cooling

• Hydro-cooling

• Ice cooling &

• Vacuunl cool ing

 __
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...,.....a,AIC!f _.
·- c....,,_
....

Which method is best fit (or Caulifl ower?

forced Air- Cooling nlel hod is best fit tbr Cauti no,ver. In forced air cooling. chilled air is
forced 10 now around each piece of produce. -n>is close con1ac1 of chilled air wi1h 1he
produce rcsulls in rapid, even cooling throui;hout the mass of produce. For piled bulk
produce, air ducts arc us.cd to distribute the chilled air through lhc produce. For pallc1izcd
produce. pallets loaded \Vith bulk or containerized produce are al igned \vitl1 air duc1s 1ha1
direct chilled air through them. The air can be channelled to no\v either horizontally or
venically.
In a horizontal no,v sys1c1n. 1hc air is fOrccd to flo'' horizonu1lly fro1n one side of 1hc pallet
load IO the other irough holes in the sides of the palle1 bin or con1ainers (sec Figure B). In
s111cking containers, the side holes must line up for the air to pass fro1n one side of the stack
to the 01hcr. In this systen1. the top and bouon1of the pallet or containers nllLo;;t be sealed to
prevent air fro1n bYJ>assi ng the produce.
In 0 vertical no\V sySlCltl, the air is forced lO no\v venically front 1he bouorn 10 the top or the
pallt.:t through hol in the bouo111 of the pallet. nnd containers if used, then out the top (sec
Figure C). ln this sys1cm 1 the sides n1ust be scaled to prevent lhc air fron1 bypassing Lh c
prod uce. Also, if contnincrs arc used,the holes in the to1>s and bonom.s of the containers must
li ne up. so the air can rravel venically front one container to the next. This 111cthod is faster
than f'OOll'I COOiing beCflUSC 0. no\V or Chilled air is in direct C01ll3Cl \Vith the produce.

-
•
-"'
';;

,
/
-
.,.
-•
"'
,-•,
PH+' Forced horizontal air How. Ei!iii Forced vertical air How.
 ...
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...
30

..,.....a,..acn.....,•MIO,.c.i •-

I f i111plcn1ent n tion of Forced Air Cooling Method is not possible, then Roo111 cooling can also
be used.

Leavo rooni 01t •I

&ides cf palols for •ir
citculatiofl.

2. REFRIGERATED TRANS PORTATIO N/ COMPROM ISED /IEFEll.

TRANSPORTATION :

Refrigerated transportation refers to the 1nodc of transportation in \vhich Tcn1pcraturc

and H umidity level, both can be controlled: \1Jhilc compro1nised refer. 1·ronspono1ion .•.
refers 10 the 1nodc of tronsJ)ortation in \vhich Te1npe:n.nure level can be controlled bu1
Hu1nidity level c;1nnot be (-.ontrolled , and ns discussed above, if cauli no\vcr is stored
at 4°C. it's shelf li fe ::tt le.ast increases by five tin1cs.

So.the use of 1hcsc 111odcs of u11nspona1ion eon be odviscd, if found Econornicol.