poster #44

Is the taxonomy of early-type galaxies

more complicated than we thought?
Rogério Monteiro-Oliveira
(Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - ASIAA, Taiwan)
Yen-Ting Lin (Academia Sinica); Wei-Huai Chen (National Taiwan University/Academia Sinica); Chen-Yu Chuang (National Tsing Hua University
/Academia Sinica); Abdurro'uf (Johns Hopkins University); Po-Feng Wu (National Taiwan University); Eric Emsellem (ESO); Martin Bureau
(Oxford University)
rmonteiro@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw
monteiro-oliveira.com

A journey through
1 galactic environments | Porto Ercole - Italy | Sep 25 - 29, 2023
Early-type galaxies (ETGs):
Q: How to connect the observed properties to their formation history?
A: Searching for patterns!

However, ETGs encompass a large range of luminosities

(from dEs to cDs)

Q: How to find patterns in such a diversity of ETG?

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 Cappellari (2016)

The dichotomy scenario for ETGs

Cappellari (2016)

rotation decreases in dynamical importance compared to random motions

3 Kormendy & Bender (1996)

 The dichotomy scenario for ETGs
Kormendy & Bender (1996)

rotation decreases in dynamical importance compared to random motions

slow or no rotation fast rotation

high-luminosity normal + low-luminosity
anisotropic nearly isotropic
cuspy core coreless new ndings: each group have different
radio loud radio quiet Star Formation Timescale (SFT) as
discontinuity? revealed by the α/Fe abundance
is the transition between the proposed
elliptical classes continuous?

excess of light…
boxy/SR : more α-element enhanced
on the "corners": boxy on the major axis: disky disky/FR: less α-element enhanced

Kormendy et al. (2009)

with HST images of the galaxy cores

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However, the dichotomy scenario still lacks consensus in the literature
Yes, there is a dichotomy 👍 No, there is not a dichotomy 👎

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 Our sample Monteiro-Oliveira et al. 2023 (in prep.)

classi cation
based on visual
Convolutional classi cation
Neural Networks

− ≤0 relative importante bulge/disk

_ ≤ 0.5 probability of being S0
_ ≤ 0.5 probability of being late-type
=1 elliptical galaxy (visual inspection)

+ SDSS r-band images

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Physical properties measured
Our complete vector of parameters

absolute r-magnitude stellar mass stellar velocity

ellipticity
(NSA) (NSA) dispersion

7 parameters
{⟨a4 /a⟩, Mr, M⋆, [Mg/Fe], λRe, ϵ, σ⋆} x
1895 galaxies

isophotal magnesium-to- stellar angular

light iron abundance momentum
distribution

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 Principal component analysis
How do I visualize 7 parameters for a large dataset at once?

{⟨a4 /a⟩, Mr, M⋆, [Mg/Fe], λRe, ϵ, σ⋆}

https://ibb.co/whLvCm3

https://blog.bioturing.com/2018/06/14/principal-component-
analysis-explained-simply/

example of dissimilar
groups

PCA reduces the dimensionality Usually, the rst 2 ou 3 PCs accounts If this is the case, statistically distinct
of the data set. for the majority of the sample’s groups can be discovered in the PC
variance space since their members have
signi cantly different scores.
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Is there any dichotomy statistically speaking?

There are no signs of multiple groups

(unimodal distribution).

Our data clearly says there is no dichotomy

among ETG.

That means knowing only one property is

not enough to determine the others (e.g., a
boxy ETG is not necessarily a slow rotator
Monteiro-Oliveira et al. 2023 (in prep.)
and/or has a high abundance of [Mg/Fe])

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 Is it possible to mimic the dichotomy scenario?
Disky and boxy fraction
632 galaxies
Models: match between MaNGA & GZ2
• monotonic +
• monotonic with variable slope 99% c.l. in the disciness/boxiness classi cation
• uniforme distribution
signal of the correlation coef cient

Monteiro-Oliveira et al. 2023 (in prep.)

Conclusions are the same if we consider the full sample of 1895 galaxies
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 Is it possible to mimic the dichotomy scenario?
FR and SR
Models: 922 galaxies
• monotonic 99% c.l. in the FR/SR classi cation
• monotonic with variable slope
• uniforme distribution
signal of the correlation coef cient

ary
in
lim
pre

Monteiro-Oliveira et al. 2023 (in prep.)

Conclusions are the same if we consider the full sample of 1895 galaxies
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Take home messages
• We provided high-quality measurements of several galaxy properties (light distribution
shape, kinematics, and the ratio [Mg/Fe]) for a large sample (~2k) of ETGs.

• Disky and FR are the dominant population of ETGs.

• The PCA states that ETGs cannot be divided into two distinct groups. That means there
is no dichotomy statistically speaking.

• Even though there are no distinguishable groups, ETGs show some trends with
luminosity, stellar velocity dispersion, and stellar mass.

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voting for poster #44 rmonteiro@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw

I am looking forward to talk to you in person!

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