LICYAYO, MICHEL PAULETTE CHAPTER 3: AMINO ACID AND

Chem 2065 AY2022-23 PEPTIDE BONDS

PEPTIDES
- α-carboxyl group of one amino
General structure:
acid and the α-amino group of the
-AMINO GROUP AMINO ACIDS PEPTIDES other amino acid covalently bonds.
-CARBOXYL GROUP
During this process, water is lost,
- HYDROGEN
- SIDE CHAIN GROUP (R) – and residues of the linked amino
which determines the identities of UNCOMMON AMNO ACID acid remain
the amino acid - derived from common amino acids
and are produced by modification of POLYPEPTIDES - A peptide consisting of 2
the parent amino acid or more amino acids.

20 COMMON AMINO ACIDS

Example is the acidic amino acid
- are "common" because they
glutamate plays a significant role in
are proteinogenic in nature.
mediating excitatory transmission
(the generation of EPSPs).
Some small peptides with
physiological activity
A. NONPOLAR (HYDROPHOBIC)
- has non-polar side chains
- side chains are usually
aliphatic or aromatic 1. OXYTOCIN – induces labor in
hydrocarbons pregnant women
2. VASOPRESSIN – controls blood
pressure
3. INSULIN – maintains glucose
B. POLAR (UNCHARGED) level in the body
- side chains are hydrophilic C. ACIDIC
- polar side chains that are D. BASIC - have carboxyl group in their side
electrically neutral or uncharged at - have basic side chains , and chain
neutral pH. their side chain is positively
charged at or nearly neutral pH
level.