Final Geo Report 40.2270 Rse

ECS Mid-Atlantic, LLC
Subsurface Exploration and Geotechnical Engineering Services
Spring Lane Solar Array
Mansville Road
Cook Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
ECS Project No 40:2270
February 16, 2023

February 16, 2023
Mr. Paul W. Hughes, P.E.

Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc.
Two Liberty Place, 50 South 16th Street, Suite 3010
Philadelphia, PA 19102
ECS Project No. 40:2270
Reference: Subsurface Exploration and Geotechnical Engineering Services

Spring Lane Solar Array
Mansville Road
Cook Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Dear Mr. Hughes:
ECS Mid-Atlantic, LLC (ECS) has completed the subsurface exploration, laboratory testing, and geotechnical
engineering analyses for the above-referenced project. Our services were performed in general accordance
with our agreed to scope of work. This report presents our understanding of the geotechnical aspects of the
project along with the results of the field exploration and laboratory testing conducted, and our design and
construction recommendations.
We have enjoyed being of service to Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. (Kimley-Horn) on this project. If you have
any questions with regard to the information and recommendations presented in the accompanying report, or
if we may be of further assistance to you, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Respectfully submitted,
Jessica Maier, G.I.T. Michael P. Krepsik, P.E.

Project Manager Geotechnical Department Manager/Principal
jmaier@ecslimited.com MKrepsik@ecslimited.com
Geotechnical/{eProjects}/2201 - 2300/2270 (Spring Lane Solar Array, Ligonier, PA)/e-Report Prep/40.2270 RSE.docx
Spring Lane Solar Array February 16, 2023
ECS Project No. 40:2270 Page i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................1

1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................3
2.0 PROJECT INFORMATION ...............................................................................................................4
2.1 Project Location ................................................................................................................................ 4
2.2 Past Site History/Uses ...................................................................................................................... 5
2.3 Current Site Conditions .................................................................................................................... 5
2.4 Proposed Construction ..................................................................................................................... 6
2.4.1 Site Civil Features .................................................................................................................... 6
2.4.2 Structural Information/Loads ................................................................................................. 6
2.5 Scope of Services .............................................................................................................................. 6
2.5.1 Soil Borings.............................................................................................................................. 6
2.5.2 Test Pits ................................................................................................................................... 7
2.5.3 Field Electrical Resistivity Testing ........................................................................................... 7
3.0 FIELD EXPLORATION AND LABORATORY TESTING ..........................................................................7
3.1 Field Exploration Program ................................................................................................................ 7
3.1.1 Soil Borings.............................................................................................................................. 7
3.1.2 Rock Coring ............................................................................................................................. 8
3.2 Regional Geology .............................................................................................................................. 8
3.3 Landslide Susceptibility Mapping ..................................................................................................... 9
3.4 Mine Subsidence Mapping ............................................................................................................... 9
3.5 Subsurface Characterization........................................................................................................... 10
3.6 Groundwater Observations ............................................................................................................ 12
3.7 Laboratory Testing.......................................................................................................................... 13
3.7.1 Corrosivity Testing ................................................................................................................ 13
3.7.2 Thermal Resistivity Testing ................................................................................................... 15
4.0 DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS .....................................................................................................15
4.1 Driven Piles ..................................................................................................................................... 16
4.1.1 Pile Refusal ............................................................................................................................ 17
4.1.2 Lateral Pile Analysis............................................................................................................... 18
4.2 Test Pile Program............................................................................................................................ 18
4.3 Lateral Pile Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 18
4.4 Frost Heave ..................................................................................................................................... 19
4.5 Shallow Foundations ...................................................................................................................... 20
4.6 Corrositivity Testing of Soils ........................................................................................................... 21
4.7 Pyritic Soils Treatment.................................................................................................................... 23
4.8 Seismic Design Considerations ....................................................................................................... 23
4.9 Pavements ...................................................................................................................................... 24
4.9.1 Asphalt Pavement Recommendations.................................................................................. 25
4.9.2 Concrete Pavement Recommendations ............................................................................... 26
4.9.3 Unpaved Gravel Access Road................................................................................................ 26
5.0 SITE CONSTRUCTION RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................28
5.1 Subgrade Preparation..................................................................................................................... 28
5.1.1 Stripping and Grubbing ......................................................................................................... 28
5.1.2 Proofrolling ........................................................................................................................... 28
5.1.3 Site Temporary Dewatering .................................................................................................. 29
ECS Project No. 40:2270 Page ii
5.2 Earthwork Operations .................................................................................................................... 31

5.2.1 Structural Fill Materials ......................................................................................................... 31
5.2.2 Compaction ........................................................................................................................... 32
5.2.3 Rock Excavation .................................................................................................................... 32
5.2.4 Reuse of Rock Materials........................................................................................................ 33
5.3 Utility Installations.......................................................................................................................... 33
5.4 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION CONSIDERATIONS .............................................................................. 34
6.0 CLOSING.....................................................................................................................................35
ECS Project No. 40:2270 Page iii
APPENDICES
Appendix A – Drawings & Reports

• Site Location Diagram (Figure 1 of 9)
• USGS Topographic Map (Figure 2 of 9)
• Regional Geologic Map (Figure 3 of 9)
• Landslide Susceptibility Map (Figure 4 of 9)
• PA DEP Historic Mine Map (Figure 5 of 9)
• Exploration Location Diagrams (Figures 6 and 7 of 9)
• Subsurface Cross-Section A-A’ (Figure 8 of 9)
• Subsurface Cross-Section B-B’ (Figure 9 of 9)
Appendix B – Field Operations

• Subsurface Exploration Procedure: Standard Penetration Testing
• Subsurface Exploration Procedure: Rock Core Drilling and Sampling
• Reference Notes for Boring Logs
• Reference Notes for Rock Core Descriptions
• Boring Logs B-01 through B-25
• Test Pit Logs TP-01 through TP-08
• Summary of Field Resistivity Test Results (12 pages)
Appendix C – Laboratory Testing

• Laboratory Test Results Summary (2 pages)
• Atterberg Limits Testing Results (4 pages)
• Modified Proctor Results (2 pages)
• Corrosion Series Results (1 page)
• Direct Shear Results (15 pages)
• Consolidation Testing Results (54 pages)
• Total Sulfur Testing (1 page)
• Unconfined Compressive Strength of Rock Core (1 page)
• Thermal Resistivity (16 pages)
• Standard Proctor Results (8 pages)
• Expansion Index (6 pages)
ECS Project No. 40:2270 Page 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The following summarizes the main findings of the exploration, particularly those that may have a cost
impact on the planned development. Further, our principal foundation recommendations are
summarized. Information gleaned from the Executive Summary should not be utilized in lieu of reading
the entire geotechnical report.
• We understand that the proposed project consists of the construction of a new 13.8-megawatt
AC ground-mounted solar array facility. The individual units are proposed to be supported by a
racking system mounted on driven piles. Development may also include ancillary support
structures and equipment pads. Based on the proposed grading shown on the Draft Preliminary
Grading Plan drawing, we anticipate cuts on the order of 5 to 10 feet and fills order of 5 to 8 feet
will be required to meet proposed site grades.
• The geotechnical exploration performed for the proposed solar array structures included twenty-
five (25) soil borings utilizing soil drilling techniques to achieve depths of up to about 20 feet below
the existing ground surface (bgs). Boring B-09 was extended an additional 5 feet below the auger
refusal depth utilizing rock coring techniques. In addition, twelve (12) pairs of field electrical
resistivity runs using the Wenner method were performed across the site. As requested, a total
of eight (8) test pits, referenced as TP-01 through TP-08 were performed in the areas of the
proposed solar arrays and Gen-Tie line. The test pits were performed to collect bulk samples for
Thermal Resistivity testing at approximate depths of 3 feet bgs.
• Existing fill material was not encountered in the borings performed. Natural soils generally
consisted of LEAN CLAY (CL), SANDY SILT (ML), and CLAYEY SAND WITH GRAVEL (SC), with varying
amounts of Sand and Gravel. Weathered rock was encountered beneath the natural soils in each
of the borings performed, with the exception of Boring B-20. Weathered rock was encountered
between depths of approximately 4 to 18 feet bgs. Auger refusal was encountered in Borings B-
01, B-09, B-14, B-18, and B-25, between approximate depths of 13 to 19 feet bgs. Following auger
refusal, Boring B-09 was extended an additional 5 feet via rock coring techniques to sample and
evaluate the underlying bedrock. Based on visual observation of the recovered rock samples, the
project site is underlain by moderately weathered Conglomerate bedrock. The recovered samples
generally had a Rock Quality Designation (RQD) of 71%. The recovery for the individual run was
100%. Compressive strength testing on samples of bedrock core ranged between 1,830 and
13,510 psi.
• The typical foundation system for solar array support systems is often driven pile foundations.
The parameters in Table 4.1.1 may be used to design the minimum pile length. Since actual
loading conditions were not provided at the time of exploration, we are providing design
parameters which will be utilized by the pile designer to determine the design embedment depth.
It is highly recommended that an installation and pull test study be performed prior to finalizing
design and construction documents.
• Spread foundations for building columns and continuous foundations for bearing walls of support
buildings of can be designed for an allowable soil bearing pressures of 2,500 psf based on the test
borings completed. It should be noted that ECS was not provided with actual structure loads or
locations. We have therefore not completed any settlement analyses. Localized undercuts below
the foundations may be required to achieve the recommended bearing pressure due to the
potential for variations in natural soil strength and depending on construction sequencing and
weather.
• The project site was evaluated with respect to Site Seismic Design Class. Based on our
interpretation of the IBC 2021 Building Code, Section 1613 and Table 1613, the project site should
be considered a “Site Class D” for seismic design considerations. The Site Class definition should
not be confused with the Seismic Design Category designation, which the Structural Engineer
typically assesses.
• Based on the results of the resistivity and laboratory testing, the soils tested are considered to
have a low/negligible corrosive potential. The soils have not exceeded the thresholds
recommended by American Water Works Association and Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association
for materials which should have corrosion protection.
• Based on American Concrete Institute Publication 318, the site soils tested are considered to
possess low/negligible potential for sulfate attack on concrete.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This report presents the results of our subsurface exploration and geotechnical engineering analysis for
the project site located in Cook Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. The purpose of this study
was to provide geotechnical information for the design and construction of the proposed solar array. The
recommendations developed for this report are based on project information supplied by Kimley-Horn
and other design team members.
Our services were provided in general accordance with our Proposal No. 40:2428-GP and associated
Project Order No. ECS-02-112425002 as authorized by Mr. Paul Hughes with Kimley-Horn and Associates,
Inc. on October 31, 2022.
This report contains the procedures and results of our subsurface exploration and laboratory testing
programs, review of existing site conditions, engineering analyses, and recommendations for the design
and construction of the project.
The report includes the following items.
A. Observations from our site review including current site conditions, surface drainage features,
and surface topographic conditions.
B. A review of the published geologic conditions and their relevance to your planned development.
C. A subsurface characterization and a description of the field exploration and laboratory tests
performed. Ground water concerns relative to the planned construction, if any, are summarized.
D. Final logs of the soil borings and records of the field exploration prepared in accordance with the
standard practice for geotechnical engineering. An exploration location plan is included, and the
results of the laboratory tests are plotted on the final boring logs or included on separate test
report sheets.
E. Measurement of the topsoil and/or existing fill thicknesses at each boring location and notation
of this information on the logs and in the text of the report.
F. Recommended allowable soil bearing pressure(s) and recommendations for suitable shallow
foundations or turn-downed slabs for site structures and/or equipment pads.
G. Recommended minimum pile embedment depth for driven piles (solar array posts). If required,
we will provide recommendations for shallow foundations and drilled piers, in the event driven
piles are not feasible.
H. Recommended allowable soil bearing capacity and skin friction coefficients, lateral modulus for
resistance to lateral loads and moments, unit weight of soil (γ), angle of internal friction (Phi),
Cohesion of soil (C), and modulus of subgrade reaction (K) for pile foundation design.
I. Evaluation of the frost action and potential ad-freeze stress at the site.
J. Evaluation of the on-site soil characteristics encountered in the soil borings. Specifically, we will
discuss the suitability of the on-site materials for reuse as structural fill. We will also include
compaction requirements and suitable material guidelines.
K. Evaluation of depth to rock, if encountered, and recommendation for rock excavation and
removal.
L. Evaluation of the corrosion test results and the corrosion potential relative to steel and concrete
foundation elements.
M. Estimate the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value based on the classification test results and
provide recommendations for use in design of asphalt pavements. Design of a heavy-duty asphalt
pavement section and an unpaved gravel road section will be provided. If necessary, we will
provide recommendations for subgrade stabilization.
N. Recommendations for seismic site classification in accordance with the International Building
Code (IBC 2018). This analysis is based on the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) method described
in Section (1613.5.2) of IBC
O. Recommendations for additional testing and/or consultation that might be required to complete
the geotechnical assessment and related engineering for this project.
We can also provide axial and lateral pull testing during pile installation during construction, as an
additional service, if requested.
2.0 PROJECT INFORMATION
2.1 PROJECT LOCATION
The project site is located along the eastern side of Mansville Road in Cook Township, Westmoreland
County, Pennsylvania. Based on our observations during drilling, the area of the proposed solar array
currently consists of an open farm field with an area of approximately 95 acres. We understand that the
Generation Interconnect (Gen-Tie) line will be running to the southeast. The following figure depicts the
approximate location of the project site. A Site Location Diagram (Figure 1 of 9) has been included in
Appendix A of this report.
Figure 2.1.1. Site Location
2.2 PAST SITE HISTORY/USES
Based on our cursory review of historical aerial photographs, the site appears to have been in its current
configuration (as an open farm field) since at least 1955. Photographs before 1955 were not readily
available for public review. An extensive historical site review is not within our current scope of
geotechnical services.
2.3 CURRENT SITE CONDITIONS
Based on our observations during drilling, the area of the proposed solar array currently consists of an
open farm field with an area of approximately 95 acres. The site is bound by Mansville Road to the west,
undeveloped wooded property to the north and east, and residential properties to the south.
Existing and proposed site grading was provided. Based on the Draft Preliminary Grading Plan (Sheet No.
EX-101), prepared by Kimley-Horn dated September 23, 2022, the site generally slopes downward from
northeast to south with site grades ranging from approximately EL. +1,612 feet in the northeast corner of
the site to approximately EL. +1,390 feet in the southwestern corner of the site. According to the USGS
Stahlstown, PA Quadrangle dated 2019, the site slopes down from an approximate elevation of EL. +1,600
feet on the north-eastern side of the site to approximate elevation EL. +1400 feet on the south-eastern
side of the site. A copy of the USGS Topographic Map (Figure 2 of 9) is included in Appendix A of this
report.
2.4 PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION
Based on the information provided, including the Draft Preliminary Grading Plan, we understand that the
proposed development will consist of constructing a new 13.8-megawatt AC ground-mounted solar array
facility. The individual units are proposed to be supported by a racking system mounted on driven piles.
Development may also include ancillary support structures and equipment pads. Based on the proposed
grading shown on the Draft Preliminary Grading Plan drawing, we anticipate cuts on the order of 5 to 10
feet and fills order of 5 to 8 feet will be required to meet proposed site grades.
2.4.1 Site Civil Features
Stormwater management areas, asphalt parking lots/drive aisles, steep slopes and site retaining walls are
not indicated on the site plan provided. Therefore, we have not included evaluation of these features in
our current scope of services.
2.4.2 Structural Information/Loads
Information regarding structural loading was not provided at the time of report preparation. Considering
the nature of the proposed development, we expect the panels will be of steel and glass construction,
with uplift as the likely governing foundation consideration.
The description of the proposed project is based on the information provided by Kimley-Horn, MN 8, and
members of the project team. If any of this information is inaccurate, either due to our misunderstanding
or design changes that may occur at a later date, we recommend that ECS be contacted in order to provide
alternative recommendations that may be warranted.
2.5 SCOPE OF SERVICES
2.5.1 Soil Borings
A total of twenty-five (25) soil test borings, referenced as B-01 through B-25, were performed in the areas
of the proposed solar array. Each of the borings were scheduled to extend to depths of 20 feet below the
existing ground surface (bgs), or auger refusal, whichever was encountered first. Borings B-01, B-09, B-14,
B-18, and B-25 encountered auger refusal at depths between approximately 13 to 19 feet bgs. The
remaining borings were terminated within weathered rock at the scheduled boring termination depth,
with the exception of Boring B-20, which terminated within very dense natural soils. In order to evaluate
the refusal conditions at the site, Boring B-09 was extended an additional five feet beyond auger refusal
using rock coring techniques.
2.5.2 Test Pits
As requested, a total of eight (8) test pits, referenced as TP-01 through TP-08 were performed in the areas
of the proposed solar arrays and along the Gen-Tie line. The test pits were performed to collect bulk
samples for Thermal Resistivity testing at approximate depths of 3 feet bgs.
2.5.3 Field Electrical Resistivity Testing
ECS also conducted field electrical resistivity testing using the 4-pin Wenner method at selected locations
across the site to evaluate in-situ soil resistivity and compliment grounding design. A total of twelve (12)
sets of resistivity lines, referenced as R-01 through R-12, were performed. The number and locations of
the tests were selected by ECS Mid-Atlantic, LLC and reviewed by MN8 for approval.
2.5.4 General
The number and general locations of the test borings and field electrical resistivity tests were selected by
ECS and reviewed by MN8 for approval. The test pit locations were selected by MN8. The boring, test pit,
and field electrical resistivity testing locations were field located by a representative of ECS using our
Global Positioning System (GPS). Ground surface elevations noted on the borings were interpolated from
the existing topographic information provided on the Draft Preliminary Grading Plan provided by Kimley-
Horn. Please note, elevations were not provided in the area of the test pits; therefore, elevations are not
noted on the test pit logs. The approximate borings, test pits, and field electrical resistivity testing
locations are depicted on the Exploration Location Diagrams (Figures 6 and 7 of 9) included in Appendix A
of this report. The Boring Location Diagram was developed from Draft Preliminary Grading Plan, provided
by Kimley-Horn.
3.0 FIELD EXPLORATION AND LABORATORY TESTING
3.1 FIELD EXPLORATION PROGRAM
The field exploration was planned with the objective of characterizing the project site in general
geotechnical and geological terms and to evaluate subsequent field and laboratory data to assist in the
determination of geotechnical recommendations.
3.1.1 Soil Borings
Prior to drilling operations, Pennsylvania One Call was contacted to locate and clear/mark underground
utilities at the site. Boring and test pit locations were adjusted in the field, if necessary, based on these
markings. The soil borings were performed with a CME 550 ATV-mounted drill rig which utilized
continuous flight, hollow stem augers to advance the boreholes. Drilling fluid was not used during the soil
drilling. The boreholes were backfilled with the spoils generated during drilling following completion of
boring operations.
In the soil borings, representative soil samples were obtained by means of the split-barrel sampling
procedure in general accordance with ASTM Standard D 1586. Please reference the Subsurface
Exploration Procedures: Standard Penetration Testing insert, attached in Appendix B.
3.1.2 Rock Coring
Following auger refusal in Boring B-09, rock coring techniques using a NQ-diamond drilling bit were
utilized to advance the boring beyond auger refusal to obtain intact rock samples. Boring B-09 was
extended an additional 5 feet beyond auger refusal.
Please note that water was introduced into the boreholes during the rock coring process; therefore, where
groundwater seepage was not encountered prior to auger refusal, the borings were considered to be dry
(i.e. groundwater seepage not encountered). Following completion of boring/rock coring operations, each
boring was backfilled with the spoils generated during the drilling process. Some post drilling settlement
should be expected and may require future maintenance to repair any settlement and prevent a tripping
hazard. This maintenance is not included in our scope of services or fees. Some post-drilling settlement
should be expected and may require future maintenance to fill in the test locations and avoid a tripping
hazard. This maintenance is not included in our scope.
A field log of the soils and rock encountered in the borings was maintained by the ECS on-site
representative. After recovery, each sample was removed from the sampler and representative portions
of were then sealed in sample bags or wooden boxes and brought to our laboratory for further visual
examination.
3.2 REGIONAL GEOLOGY
Based on the PA Department of Conservation and Native Resources Geologic Map (PA DCNR), dated 2019,
the project site is mapped as being underlain by the Casselman Formation (Pcc) of the Conemaugh Group
of the Pennsylvanian System. The Casselman Formation consists primarily of cyclic sequences of shale,
siltstone, sandstone, red beds, thin, impure limestones, and thin, economically insignificant coal.
According to the Engineering Characteristics of the Rocks of Pennsylvania (PA Geologic Survey report EG-
1, dated 1982), Claystone is also common within the Casselman Formation. This formation is part of the
Pittsburgh Low Plateau Section of the Appalachian Plateaus Physiographic Province.
Red Beds are generally associated with landslides and can increase landslide susceptibility. The rocks
comprising the red beds can trap water within the pore space, resulting in excess pore water pressure and
a reduction in internal shear strength. Additionally, many of these rock types are comprised of a
mineralogy that is prone to expansion in the presence of water, which can also significantly reduce shear
strength. As a result, the red beds are responsible for large number of slope failures and landslides in the
region and their presence can significantly increase the potential for slope instability.
Based on our review of the Generalized Stratigraphic Section for the Greater Pittsburgh Region
(Pennsylvania Geological Society, dated 1974), as well as the Mineral Resource Report 94, Coal Crop Lines
and Structure Contours Map of the Stahlstown Quadrangle, prepared by the Pennsylvania Geological
Society, dated 1988, when compared against the elevation of the Upper Freeport Coal seam and existing
site elevations, near-surface bedrock at the site does not appear to contain strata of geological concern,
such as coal seam outcrops or Red Beds.
A copy of the Regional Geologic Map (Figure 3 of 9) is included in Appendix A of this report.
3.3 LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAPPING
We also reviewed the information contained on the Landslides and Related Features of the Stahlstown,
PA map, prepared by the US Geologic Survey (USGS), dated 1979 (Open File Map 79-1314 B-6). Based on
the information reviewed, the hillside along the eastern side of the site contains “Old Landslides”.
As defined in Landslides and Related Features of the Stahlstown, PA Quadrangle, an area of old landslides
is an area of extensive hummock ground caused by earthflow and earth and rock slump. Lacks clear
evidence of active sliding. Relatively stable in natural, undisturbed state, generally not affected by small
structures properly sited in areas away from the edge of toe; can be reactivated by extensive, rapid
excavation, loading, and changes in groundwater and surface water conditions. Areas of old landslide
probably includes recent ones not identified from field evidence or otherwise documented. Upslope
boundary of landslide generally defined by modified scarp, but downslope (toe) may be gradational and
not well defined.
A copy of the Landslide Susceptibility Map (Figure 4 of 9) is included in Appendix A of this report.
3.4 MINE SUBSIDENCE MAPPING
In addition to the geologic mapping of the site, we also reviewed the information contained on the
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PA DEP) Mine Subsidence Insurance Maps, as well
as the PA DEP Mine Map Atlas (http://www.minemaps.psu.edu). Based on the information reviewed, the
project site does not appear to be located near an area where historic underground mining has been
performed. A site-specific mining study is not included in our current scope of services.
A copy of the PA DEP Mine Map (Figure 5 of 9) is included in Appendix A of this report.
3.5 SUBSURFACE CHARACTERIZATION
Ground cover at the site generally consisted of approximately 3 to 10 inches of topsoil at each boring
location. The topsoil thickness measurements noted by the driller were performed over widely spaced
locations. In addition, properly measuring the topsoil thickness within the test boring hole is difficult and
can vary depending on one’s interpretation of topsoil, and therefore such measurements can be subject
to interpretive disagreements and quantity disputes. In some cases, a distinct topsoil layer thickness
(transition) is not easily discernible, particularly where site has been disturbed by past development and
grading. In these cases, underlying soils containing organic material may also be present, which are not
readily identifiable as distinct topsoil. The topsoil thickness can also be significantly greater where trees
and heavy brush are present.
Accordingly, these measurements should not be solely relied on for accurate construction quantity
estimates. In addition, topsoil stripping of the site beyond the surface topsoil may be necessary in some
areas, particularly where trees and heavy brush are present, to remove all soils containing high
concentrations of organics. We recommend the Contractor, and/or others, make their own detailed
observations and measurements, prior to bidding and construction, to determine the quantities, costs
and efforts that will be required for topsoil and other existing surface material (i.e., asphalt pavement,
concrete slabs, foundations, etc.) removal and associated replacement with appropriate suitable fill
materials.
Existing fill material was not encountered in the borings performed. Natural soils generally consisted of
LEAN CLAY (CL), SANDY SILT (ML), and CLAYEY SAND WITH GRAVEL (SC), with varying amounts of Sand
and Gravel. The natural soils exhibited SPT N-values ranging from 4 blows per foot (bpf) to 56 bpf,
corresponding to a soft to very hard consistency for cohesive soils and a very loose to very dense relative
density for the granular soils.
Weathered rock was encountered beneath the natural soils in each of the borings performed, with the
exception of Boring B-20. Weathered rock was encountered at depths of approximately 4 to 18 feet bgs.
Materials classified as weathered rock generally exhibit N-values in excess of 60 blows per foot of
penetration. Samples classified as weathered rock typically exhibit very hard in-situ consistencies and
maintain a relic rock structure, while breaking down into soil size particles by hand with little effort.
Auger refusal was encountered in Borings B-01, B-09, B-14, B-18, and B-25, between approximate depths
of 13 to 19 feet bgs. Following auger refusal, Boring B-09 was extended an additional 5 feet via rock coring
techniques to sample and evaluate the underlying bedrock. The core samples were obtained in an
individual 5 -foot-long run. Based on visual observation of the recovered rock samples, the project site is
underlain by moderately weathered Conglomerate bedrock. The recovered samples generally had a Rock
Quality Designation (RQD) of 71%. The recovery for the individual run was 100%.
Unconfined compressive strength testing was performed on a sample obtained from Boring B-08. The
following table summarizes the compressive strength test results:
Table 3.5.1– Compressive Strength of Rock Core Samples
Compressive Strength
Boring Sample Number Sample Depth (ft.)
(psi)
B-09 S-07 13 – 13.5 13,510
B-09 S-07 17-17.5 1,830
A graphical presentation of the subsurface conditions is shown on the Subsurface Cross Sections A-A’, B-
B’ (Figures 8 and 9 of 9) are included in Appendix A of this report.
3.5.1 Pyritic Soils
Pyrite is a mineral commonly found in soil and rocks associated with coal deposits and the overlying
carbonaceous shale within the bedrock. Pyritic materials, with sufficient pyritic sulfur concentrations, can
exhibit significant swell characteristics when oxidized. These volumetric changes can result in heave of
foundations, floor slabs, and pavements. These effects tend to be more problematic where foundations
and floor slabs bear directly on weathered rock or rock as these materials are more confined and result in
primarily vertical (upward) expansion. For pyritic materials encountered in soil, the direction of expansion
is generally more multi-directional, with some of the expansion taken by the surrounding soil. The effects
also tend to be more likely under lightly loaded structural elements, such as floor slabs or foundations
deigned for low bearing pressures. Typically, the presence of these materials will require either removal
and replacement or in-situ treatment below structural elements and exclusion of the materials as
structural fill.
Potentially carbonaceous material was encountered in Borings B-05, B-06, B-08, and B-12 within the
weathered rock material. Therefore, laboratory testing was performed to evaluate the potential pyritic
content of the on-site materials.
The following table summarizes the sample location and the results of the testing performed:
Table 3.5.1.1 – Pyrite Testing Results

Sample Total Pyritic
Boring No. Sample Type Depth (ft)
No. Sulfur % Sulfur %
Weathered
B-05 S-04 8-10’ 0.57 0.42
Shale
Weathered
B-08 S-05 8-10’ 0.08 --
Shale
Considering the total sulfur contained in the samples tested, sulfur forms testing was also performed on
the sample from Boring B-05 to evaluate the percentage of pyritic (expansive) sulfur within the collected
sample. Based on the results of the testing performed to date, the sample obtained from Boring B-05
indicated a pyritic sulfur content typically associated with potentially expansive materials, with 74% of the
total sulfur available for future expansion. Forms of sulfur testing was not performed on the sample
obtained from Boring B-08 considering the total sulfur content of 0.08 percent (<0.1%).
The tests performed on the submitted samples may not be representative of existing below-grade soil
and rock materials located elsewhere on the site. During construction, subgrades should be observed by
the geotechnical engineer or a qualified representative to evaluate the soil conditions encountered in the
field and to determine the need for additional construction phase testing. Pyritic materials should not be
placed as fill in directly below foundations or floor slabs but could be suitable for use as within areas of
deeper fill, provided they are blended with other fill materials that result in a pyritic sulfur concentration
less than 0.1%. We recommend that all potential structural fill materials, including off-site borrow, be
tested for total sulfur and, if necessary, sulfur forms as part of the submittal and approval process.
Detailed recommendations regarding the in-situ treatment and preparation of floor slab and foundation
subgrades are included in Section 4.7 Pyritic Soils/Rock Treatment of this report.
3.6 GROUNDWATER OBSERVATIONS
Observations for groundwater were made during sampling and upon completion of drilling operations in
each of the boring locations. Twenty-four-hour water level readings were obtained where practical. In
auger drilling operations, water is not introduced into the boreholes during soil drilling, and the
groundwater position can often be determined by observing water flowing into or out of the borings.
Groundwater was generally not encountered in the borings performed, with the exception of Borings B-
08, B-09, and B-12, which encountered groundwater between approximate depths of 4 to 8 feet bgs
during drilling. Borings B-01 through B-06 did not encounter groundwater while drilling; however, water
was observed at the 24-hour groundwater reading between approximate depths of 0.4 to 7 feet bgs.
Based on the lack of groundwater encountered in the remaining borings, it is our opinion, the
groundwater encountered is most likely representative of perched groundwater conditions. Please note,
water was used during rock coring procedures. Therefore, water levels measured after the completion of
rock coring at Boring B-09 may not be indicative of actual water levels.
Perched water conditions are common at the soil rock interface, where surface water becomes trapped on
top of the less permeable rock. Perched water within granular seams within the natural soils or at the
fill/natural soil interface is also common. It is possible that water seepage and accumulation may be
observed in deeper excavations allowed to remain open for an extended duration.
The highest groundwater observations are normally encountered in late winter and early spring;
therefore, groundwater observations in our most recent borings are expected to be somewhat below the
seasonal maximum water table. Variations in the location of the long-term water table may occur as a
result of changes in precipitation, evaporation, surface water runoff, and other factors not immediately
apparent at the time of this exploration. Recommendations with regard to site dewatering are included
in the 5.1.3 Site Temporary Dewatering section of this report.
3.7 LABORATORY TESTING
Representative soil samples were selected and tested in our laboratory to check field classifications and
to estimate pertinent engineering properties. The laboratory testing program included visual
classifications, moisture content tests, Atterberg Limits tests, grain size analysis, Modified Proctor tests,
and unconfined compressive strength testing. In addition to the standard laboratory testing, corrosivity
testing (consisting of pH, resistivity, Sulfates, Sulfides, Chlorides, and Redox Potential) and Standard
Proctor for thermal resistivity testing, thermal resistivity testing with dryout curves, direct shear tests,
expansion index tests, and compressibility/collapse potential tests were performed. All data obtained
from the laboratory tests are included on the respective boring logs or on separate sheets in Appendix C
of this report.
Each soil sample was classified on the basis of texture and plasticity in accordance with the Unified Soil
Classification System (USCS). The group symbols for each soil type are indicated in parentheses following
the soil descriptions on the boring logs. A brief explanation of the Unified System is included with this
report. The various soil types were grouped into the major zones noted on the boring logs. The
stratification lines designating the interfaces between earth materials on the boring logs and profiles are
approximate; in situ transitions may be gradual, rather than distinct.
The recovered rock samples were classified based on rock quality, weathering, hardness, fractures and
discontinuities and rock type.
The soil and rock samples will be retained in our laboratory for a period of 60 days after which they will
be discarded unless other instructions are received as to their disposition.
3.7.1 Corrosivity Testing
Soil corrosivity testing was performed on composite samples obtained from selected borings from
approximate depths of 0 to 4 feet bgs. The testing was performed in accordance with the
recommendations of the AWWA and DIPRA methodologies. The following table summarizes the tests
performed and the laboratory results.
Table 3.7.1.1 Corrosion Series Test Results

Redox Chloride Sulfate Sulfide
As-Is “Wetted” Potential pH ppm ppm (AWWA
Sample Resistivity Resistivity mV (ASTM (AASHTO (AASHTO (ASTM 4500-s2-
Name Boring ohm – cm ohm – cm G200) T289) T-291) C1580) A.4c)
Not
CS-1 B-01 7,500 5,000 271 6.4 <20 <5
Present
Not
CS-2 B-03 20,000 13,000 253 6.8 <20 <5
Present
Not
CS-3 B-05 7,600 4,100 250 6.7 <20 <5
Present
Not
CS-4 B-09 13,000 10,000 295 6.4 <20 <5
Present
Not
CS-5 B-10 14,000 10,000 279 6.5 <20 <5
Present
Not
CS-6 B-11 34,000 21,000 356 6.6 <20 <5
Present
Not
CS-7 B-13 22,000 13,000 311 6.6 <20 <5
Present
Not
CS-8 B-16 260,000 45,000 278 6.7 <20 <5
Present
Not
CS-9 B-18 68,000 52,000 283 6.8 <20 <5
Present
Not
CS-10 B-21 61,000 38,000 333 6.5 <20 <5
Present
Not
CS-11 B-22 14,000 8,100 329 6.3 <20 <5
Present
Not
CS-12 B-25 380,000 100,000 294 6.3 <20 <5
Present
The results of this testing are further discussed in Section 4.6 Corrosivity Testing of Soils.
3.7.2 Thermal Resistivity Testing
Thermal Resistivity testing was conducted on eight (8) bulk samples collected from a depth of
approximately 3 feet below the existing grade from Test Pits TP-01 through TP-08. The thermal resistivity
properties (Rho) of a soil are primarily controlled by three variables: soil type, soil compaction, and
moisture content. In order to conduct this analysis, we have provided a Thermal Dryout Curve which
shows the relationship between moisture content and the Rho value of the soils. This relationship is based
upon soils being compacted with the same compaction effort as required to achieve 90% maximum
density at the optimum moisture content for the soils, as determined in accordance with ASTM D698,
standard Proctor method. In order to develop the Thermal Dryout Curves, the following procedures were
employed:
1. Soils were dried out to a moisture content of approximately 0% by mass.
2. Dried soils were placed in a 3” by 6” mold in three lifts, with a uniform compaction effort of 6 to
12 blows applied to each lift with a standard Proctor hammer.
3. Three thermal resistivity readings were taken in each sample and then averaged.
4. Soils were removed from the mold, water was added, and steps 2 and 3 were repeated
incrementally until the soil achieved saturation, defined as a thin layer of water visible on the
surface of the compacted soil.
5. Soil moisture contents were determined for each increment from a small representative soil
sample.
6. A soil Proctor curve was developed for each sample in order to determine the optimum moisture
content.
7. Data was compiled and processed in order to develop the Thermal Dryout Curve.
Thermal resistivity testing was completed in general accordance with ASTM D5334-08 “Standard Test
Method for Determination of Thermal Conductivity of Soil and Soft Rock by Thermal Needle Probe
Procedure”, utilizing a METER Tempos thermal needle apparatus.
Copies of the Thermal Dryout Curves developed during this testing will be included in Appendix C of the
finalized report. We will also attach the thermal resistivity laboratory data and soil Proctor used to
determine the optimum moisture content for the soil sample. Please refer to the Exploration Location
Diagrams (Figure 6 and 7 of 9) in Appendix A for sample locations.
4.0 DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS
ECS is providing the following recommendations to assist in the design and construction of foundation
elements associated with the proposed solar array. The following information provided is based on the
results obtained from the geotechnical borings, our previous experience, the subsurface conditions
encountered, and our understanding of the proposed solar array.
Based on the results obtained during our subsurface exploration, the primary factors that will affect the
design and construction on this site include the following:
- Shallow weathered rock

- Weathered rock containing potentially pyritic materials along the southern side of the site
- Adfreeze stress and the potential for frost heave.
The following sections consider the above concerns and present recommendations for designing and
constructing the proposed solar array. In summary, recommended foundation systems include driven
piles (or pre-drilled piles) for the solar arrays, with spread foundations for support of buildings and
equipment pads. We anticipate the proposed solar arrays will be supported by pile foundations embedded
a sufficient depth to resist axial and lateral loads, uplift and overturning, as well as potential regional frost
heave. Detailed information was not provided to us and detailed foundation design was not included
within our scope. We anticipate that the final design pile length will be dependent on the governing load
case (lateral, uplift, overturning, or frost). We are providing the following recommendations to assist the
pile designer.
4.1 DRIVEN PILES
The typical foundation system for solar array support systems is often driven pile foundations. The
parameters in Table 4.1.1 may be used to design the minimum pile length, if W-section piles are preferred
due to cost and ease of installation. It is highly recommended that an installation and pull test study be
performed prior to finalizing design and construction documents. The design bearing capacity of the
driven piles should be achieved through end bearing be designed for a maximum allowable end bearing
pressure of 3 ksf in dense natural soils.
Table 4.1.1 – Driven Pile Design Parameters

Ultimate Frost Adfreeze Factor (psi)
Ultimate Skin Friction (ksf)
Driven 1.7 ksf (11.8 psi) 12.0

Pre-
0.8 ksf (5.6 psi) 12.0
Drilled
Notes:
1. Native soils generally had relative consistency ranging from firm to very stiff.
2. Skin friction within the upper 3 feet below existing grade should generally be ignored for
design to account for topsoil stripping, loose soils, frost depth, and construction disturbance.
3. Allowable loads should be verified or established through a pile load testing program as
recommended in the Test Pile Program (Section 4.2) of this report.
Pile deflection analyses were not included in this scope of work. Final foundation type and design,
including required factors of safety, load factors, and mitigation of adfreeze stress and the potential for
frost heave, are the responsibility of the foundation design engineer.
4.1.1 Pile Refusal
Weathered rock was encountered in each of the borings performed between approximate depths of 4 to
18 feet bgs, while auger refusal was encountered at approximate depths between 13 to 19 feet bgs. Based
on the results obtained from this exploration, the potential for refusal at this site is relatively high. The
percentage of refusals may be able to be reduced by adding a driving tip to the W-piles, or by having the
tips cut to form a driving point. This will enhance the piles ability to drive through dense soils/weathered
rock. Due to the variability of the weathered shale below the site, it is difficult to estimate the amount of
pile penetration which can be achieved into the weathered rock strata at each test boring, test pile, or
production pile location. We recommend that pile penetration into the weathered rock strata be assessed
during the installation of test piles, as discussed in Section 4.2 Test Pile Program.
Alternatively, if piles encounter shallow refusal, the pile locations can be either predrilled with a 3- to 4-
inch diameter pilot hole using an air rotary drill, or predrilled to a diameter of 14 inches to allow for setting
of the pile in a concrete encasement.
ECS recommends that piles which obtain refusal prior to the required minimum design depth, be removed
and the pile location augured to the minimum design, or as recommended by the pile designer whichever
is greater. If the refusal materials cannot be penetrated, ECS should be contacted immediately so that our
recommendations can be revised accordingly based on the conditions encountered.
If the concrete encasement option is required, the holes should be drilled, cleaned out, the piles set and
concrete placed via tremie method to the ground surface. Concrete used for this should be a minimum
3,500 psi at 28 days, air-entrained concrete. The concrete can be alternatively placed by free fall method
provided it does not hit the pile or the side walls during placement, which can cause segregation of the
aggregates, and the hole is free of water. Upon completion of the concrete placement, a mechanical
consolidation with a vibrator should be performed to eliminate any trapped air and to remove any voids
along the sidewall that may be created during placement. The piles should be centered in the drilled hole
and braced for the first 24 hours after concrete placement. Augured holes of a larger diameter are also
acceptable. If cast-in-place formed concrete is utilized, backfill of the excavation should only be performed
with hand-operated compaction equipment. The backfill should only be placed after the concrete has
reached 75 percent of design strength. All fill should meet the structural fill criteria outlined in this report.
4.1.2 Lateral Pile Analysis
The engineering soil parameters in Section 4.3 Lateral Pile Analysis can be used by the designer in the LPile
design program for evaluation of potential deflection. We recommend that the proposed design include
a load testing program prior to construction to verify the suitability of the design.
4.2 TEST PILE PROGRAM
We recommend a test pile program be completed prior to final design. The details and performance of
the test pile program should be specified and observed by a foundation designer having professional P.E.
licensure in the state of Pennsylvania. If a pull test program is used, the uplift design load should be 70
percent of the axial compression load.
Care should be taken during pile installation to ensure that the pile maintains its verticality. Pile driving
records should be maintained by a geotechnical engineer or by the contractor and provided to the
geotechnical engineer, to confirm that the final production pile lengths conform to our recommendations.
The pile installation records should include the date, pile type, pile number, driving equipment, blows or
rate of penetration per foot of pile, and final pile embedment depth the pile lengths may be able to be
economized based on the results of the pile load testing.
4.3 LATERAL PILE ANALYSIS
The engineering soil parameters below can be used by the designer to determine the inputs for use in the
LPile lateral pile design program for evaluation of potential deflection. We recommend that the proposed
design include a load testing program prior to construction to confirm the suitability of the design.
Table 4.3.1– Engineering Soil Parameters

2
1 3 4
Layer Granular
Cohesive Soil Weathered Rock Structural Fill
Soil
Stiff Clay w/o
LPile Soil Type free water Reese Sand Weak Rock Reese Sand
(Reese)
B-01, B-02,
B-01 through B-07, B-09,
Applicable B-01 through B-19, B-
B-23, and B- B-10, B-12, -
Borings 21 through B-25
25 B-14, B-20,
and B-24
Depth (feet) 0 to 18 0 to 18 4 to 18 N/A
Dry Unit Weight,
120 115 135 120
γd (pcf)
2
1 3 4
Layer Granular
Cohesive Soil Weathered Rock Structural Fill
Soil
Moist Unit
125 120 140 125
Weight, γm (pcf)
Friction Angle, φ
26 28 - 30
(°)
Cohesion, c (psf) 350 - - -
Above
Groundwater
1,000 25 - 90
Table Subgrade
Modulus, k (pci)
Submerged
Subgrade 1,000 20 - 60
Modulus, k (pci)
ε50 0.005 N/A - N/A
Lateral Bearing
Capacity 100 150 400 150
(psf/ft of depth)#
Strain Factor, K
- - 0.0005 -
(rm)
# Lateral bearing capacity increases with depth to a maximum of 15 ft, upper 36 in. should be reduced
by 50% within the calculation due to frost heave.
Parameter estimates from values suggested in Lpile design manual
4.4 FROST HEAVE
Adfreeze stress from frozen ground is a function of the surface area of the foundation that is exposed to
the freezing conditions and the frost susceptibility of the soils themselves. References consulted for this
evaluation include the International Building Code (2021), the Canadian Foundation Engineering Manual,
the U.S. Army Technical Manual TM5-818-1, and the USDA Web Soil Survey.
Based on the content in these references and our work in the local region, the site is within a seasonal
frost area that is not subject to permafrost, but does consist of low to moderate frost susceptible soils in
roughly the top 3 feet (36 inches) due to fine-grained soils, and is subject to continuously low to moderate
percentages of moisture; therefore, the probability of the development of significant adfreeze stress is
generally low. Westmoreland County Building code indicates a shallow foundation frost depth of 36
inches. We therefore recommend a design frost depth of 3 feet (36 inches) below finished grade or in
accordance with local/township building code requirements.
Based on the average atmospheric temperature for the coldest month of the year in the area (January),
the maximum adfreeze stress can be assumed to be 12.0 psi per ft. Based on our interpretation of the IBC
2021, Section 1810.3.3.1.5, since the uplift load under consideration is a temporary condition and being
analyzed without actual load testing, the required factor of safety is 2.
The required factor of safety can be reduced by the licensed pile designer if the analysis is based on the
results of actual load testing. The licensed pile designer is responsible for considering adfreeze stress
within their design calculations and/or recommending construction-phase mitigation methods to reduce
adfreeze uplift potential.
4.5 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
Based on the subsurface conditions encountered, site buildings and equipment pads can be supported on
conventional spread footing foundations provided foundations bear in firm natural soils or newly placed
structural fill. Spread foundations for building columns and continuous foundations for bearing walls can
be designed for an allowable soil bearing pressures of 2,500 psf. Site buildings and equipment pads can
also be supported on a turned-down slab. It should be noted that ECS was not provided with actual
structure loads or locations. We have therefore not completed any settlement analysis. Our allowable
bearing capacity is based on typical soils conditions observed and lightly-loaded equipment slabs and
building foundations with total loads less than 2 kips per foot for continuous foundations, 20 kip point
loads and mat foundations with 1,000 psf or less of contact pressure.
The backfill material should consist of materials meeting the requirements of the Section 5.2.1 Structural
Fill Materials of this report or crushed aggregate stone (such as PennDOT 2A stone). The fill should be
compacted to 95% of the maximum dry density obtained in accordance with ASTM D698, Standard Proctor
method. Open-graded, clean stone, such as AASHTO #57 stone, is not recommended as this could result
in a reservoir condition, allowing the accumulation of water and potential softening of the bearing
materials.
The allowable soil bearing pressure refers to that pressure which may be transmitted to the foundation
bearing soil in excess of the final minimum surrounding overburden pressure. During construction, the
bearing capacity at the final foundation excavation should be tested in the field by the geotechnical
engineer or a qualified testing agency to document that the in-situ conditions at the bottom of each
foundation excavation is adequate for the design loads.
We recommend that continuous foundations have a minimum width of 18 inches and that isolated column
foundations have a minimum lateral dimension of 24 inches. The minimum dimensions recommended
help reduce the possibility of foundation bearing failure and excessive settlement due to local shear or
"punching" action. In addition, foundations should be placed at a depth to provide adequate frost cover
protection. Therefore, we recommend foundations in unheated areas and perimeter foundations subject
to climatic variations are located at a minimum depth of 36 inches below finished grade (as per
Westmoreland County Building Code) or in accordance with local/township building code requirements
Interior foundations in temperature conditioned spaces can be located on acceptable bearing materials
at nominal depths compatible with architectural and structural considerations.
4.6 CORROSITIVITY TESTING OF SOILS
A soil corrosivity test suite was performed as requested to ascertain the presence of chemically active or
corrosive soil conditions. These tests were performed on a representative sample of the subsurface soils
and included pH, resistivity, Sulfates, Sulfides, Chlorides, and Redox Potential testing.
The samples tested were selected based on our experience with similar projects. The following table
presents the summarized results of the testing performed:
Table 4.6.1 Corrosivity Testing Results

Bi-
Boring Sample Depth USCS Analyte Chloride Sulfide pH ORP Sulfate Moisture Resistivity Metallic Total
- - FT - Units ppm - - mV ppm Visual ohm-cm - Points
Results <20 Negative 6.4 271 <5 Moist 5,000 Yes -
B-01 CS-1 0-4’ CL AWWA - 0 0 0 - 1 0 - 1
DIPRA 0 0 0 0 - 2.5 5 2 9.5
B-03 CS-2 0-4’ CL AWWA - 0 0 0 - 1 0 - 1
DIPRA 0 0 0 0 - 2.5 0 2 4.5
B-05 CS-3 0-4’ CL AWWA - 0 0 0 - 1 0 - 1
DIPRA 0 0 0 0 - 2.5 5 2 9.5
B-09 CS-4 0-4’ CL AWWA - 0 0 0 - 1 0 - 1
DIPRA 0 0 0 0 - 2.5 0 2 4.5
B-10 CS-5 0-4’ CL AWWA - 0 0 0 - 1 0 - 1
DIPRA 0 0 0 0 - 2.5 0 2 4.5
B-11 CS-6 0-4’ CL AWWA - 0 0 0 - 1 0 - 1
DIPRA 0 0 0 0 - 2.5 0 2 4.5
B-13 CS-7 0-4’ CL AWWA - 0 0 0 - 1 0 - 1
DIPRA 0 0 0 0 - 2.5 0 2 4.5
B-16 CS-8 0-4’ CL AWWA - 0 0 0 - 1 0 - 1
DIPRA 0 0 0 0 - 2.5 0 2 4.5
Bi-
Boring Sample Depth USCS Analyte Chloride Sulfide pH ORP Sulfate Moisture Resistivity Metallic Total
- - FT - Units ppm - - mV ppm Visual ohm-cm - Points
B-18 CS-9 0-4’ CL AWWA - 0 0 0 - 1 0 - 1
DIPRA 0 0 0 0 - 2.5 0 2 4.5
B-21 CS-10 0-4’ CL AWWA - 0 0 0 - 1 0 - 1
DIPRA 0 0 0 0 - 2.5 0 2 4.5
B-22 CS-11 0-4’ CL AWWA - 0 0 0 - 1 0 - 1
DIPRA 0 0 0 0 - 2.5 0 2 4.5
B-25 CS-12 0-4’ CL AWWA - 0 0 0 - 1 0 - 1
DIPRA 0 0 0 0 - 2.5 0 2 4.5
Based on the results of the laboratory testing, the soils tested are considered to have a low/negligible
corrosive potential. Based on the 10-point soil corrosivity scale produced by the American Water Works
Association (AWWA), the combined numerical value of the point scale the tested materials are not
considered to need cathodic protection.
Based on the 50-point soil corrosivity scale produced by the Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association
(DIPRA), the likelihood of corrosion consequences being experienced by the metal structures is combined
with a consequences of structure failure in a two-dimensional matrix. The laboratory testing and
installation conditions total 4.5 to 9.5 out of 60, indicating a low likelihood of corrosion on this site. While
the DIPRA consequence factor point system is designed to evaluate utility pipe consequences it can be
extended by judgment that the consequences of the failure of foundation features for this project to be
significant risk or cost to repair. The combined values are charted on the DIPRA Corrosion Control Design
Decision Model (DDM) Two-Dimensional Matrix which identifies the site as a risk zone 1 out of 5. When
sites are in risk zone 4 and 5 it is recommended that ferrous structures in contact with the soil be shielded
from corrosion effects with either a metallized zinc coating or cathodic protection, however this
protection is not considered necessary based on the tested materials. DIPRA further emphasizes that
cathodic protection should be considered where external corrosion is a significant risk or where structure
repairs/replacement would be cost prohibitive.
Additionally, based on the results of the sulfate testing and review of Table 4.2.1 in ACI 318, the majority
of the site soils appear to possess a negligible potential for sulfate attack on concrete.
4.7 PYRITIC SOILS TREATMENT
As noted, the weathered rock materials at some locations at the site possesses varying degrees of elevated
pyritic sulfur content. Based on the results of the testing performed, the weathered rock materials are
considered to have a moderate to high potential for expansion beneath foundations and ground
supported floor slabs and pavements.
Although the presence of pyritic materials does not directly affect the load carrying capacity of the
subgrade materials, it does affect the methodology used to prepare the subgrade for floor slab and
foundation support. There are generally two options for dealing with the pyritic materials. 1) The
foundations and floor slab can be undercut and backfilled with inert fill to provide separation between
the pyritic materials and the bearing grade of the structural elements, or 2) the current foundation and
floor slab bearing elevations can be maintained and the exposed subgrade and foundation excavation
sidewalls sealed in place with an asphalt emulsifier and/or concrete mud mats. The key to controlling the
expansive potential of the pyritic materials is to isolate the materials from exposure to air and water,
which initiates the chemical reaction that causes expansion.
Based on our observations during drilling, potentially carbonaceous material appeared to be located in
the areas of B-05, B-06, B-08, and B-12. If carbonaceous shale is encountered at the proposed subgrade
elevation of foundations or floor slabs, we generally recommend a minimum 2 ft buffer of non-
carbonaceous material between the bottom of subgrade and the potentially carbonaceous materials. If
the owner is concerned about future expansion, the above recommendations may also be applied to
proposed pavement areas. ECS can also provide additional recommendations for the asphalt emulsifier
(Option 2) procedure, if desired.
In order to document that the recommendations outlined above are properly implemented, we
recommend that excavation and treatment operations for foundations and floor slab subgrade be
observed on a full-time basis by a representative of ECS.
4.8 SEISMIC DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
The subsurface exploration completed at this site included the drilling of borings to depths on the order
of +/- 20 feet below the existing site grades. The International Building Code (IBC) 2021 requires site
classification for seismic design based on the upper 100 feet of a soil profile. Where site-specific data is
not available to a depth of 100 feet, appropriate soil properties are permitted to be estimated by the
registered design professional preparing the soils report based on known geologic conditions.
Utilizing the data obtained from Standard Penetration Resistance (ASTM D 1586-84) tests conducted in
the borings and our previous experience at neighboring sites, a mean SPT “N”-value within 100 feet of the
ground surface was determined. Three methods are utilized in classifying sites, namely the shear wave
velocity, vs, method; the unconfined compressive strength, su, method; and the Standard Penetration
Resistance, N-value method. The latter method was used in classifying this site. The following table
summarizes the seismic site classification methods:
Table 4.8.1: Seismic Site Classification

Site Shear Wave Velocity, Vs,
Soil Profile Name N value (bpf)
Class (ft./s)
A Hard Rock Vs > 5,000 fps N/A
B Rock 2,500 < Vs ≤ 5,000 fps N/A
C Very dense soil and soft rock 1,200 < Vs ≤ 2,500 fps >50
D Stiff Soil Profile 600 ≤ Vs ≤ 1,200 fps 15 to 50
E Soft Soil Profile Vs < 600 fps <15
Based on our interpretation of the IBC 2021 Building Code Section 1613.3.2, and Chapter 20 of ASCE 7,
the project site should be considered a “Site Class D” for seismic design considerations. An improved site
class may be possible; however, site-specific seismic testing to determine the shear wave velocity of the
soil and rock or probabilistic hazard analysis would be required to evaluate this site classification.
The Site Class definition should not be confused with the Seismic Design Category designation, which the
Structural Engineer typically assesses. ECS can provide additional analysis and testing, if desired, to further
evaluate the site class or provide site-specific response spectra, if it is determined by the structural
engineer that an improvement in the site class for the project site will result in significant economic
savings in the final design.
4.9 PAVEMENTS
For the design and construction of exterior pavements, we recommend any soft or unsuitable materials
be removed from the area to be paved, extending to a limit of 5 feet beyond the back of curb or edge of
shoulder, wherever possible. The stripped surface should be proofrolled and carefully observed at the
time of construction in order to aid in identifying any localized soft or unsuitable materials, which should
be removed. In addition, the guidelines provided in the sections entitled 5.1 Subgrade Preparation and
5.2 Earthwork Operations should be followed. At the time of subgrade preparation, additional laboratory
testing, consisting of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and Atterberg limit tests, should be performed on
representative subgrade materials in the proposed pavement areas to confirm final design of site
pavements, prior to installation.
In areas where new structural fill is required to establish the final pavement subgrade elevations, new fill
should be placed and compacted in accordance with the 5.2.2 Compaction section of this report.
4.9.1 Asphalt Pavement Recommendations
Based on the results of our soil test borings, it appears that the soils that will be exposed as pavement
subgrades will consist mainly of LEAN CLAY (CL) material or new structural fill. California Bearing Ratio
(CBR) testing was not performed during this study. Based on our experience with similar soils, we
recommend a design CBR value of 3 be used for preliminary design. We recommend CBR samples be
obtained within the upper 12 inches of the subgrade soils during construction for final pavement design.
Please note that any imported fill materials used in proposed pavement areas will need to meet the CBR
value used in design in order to be placed as pavement subgrade material.
Based on an assumed CBR value of 3, we have developed the following pavement section design for the
project site for year-round access.
Table 4.9.1.1 - Flexible Pavement Recommended Thicknesses
Pavement Materials 10 Year Design Life 20 Year Design Life
Surface Course Asphalt

2 inches 2.5 inches
9.5mm SUPERPAVE (inches)
Base or Binder Course Asphalt
2.5 inches 3 inches
25mm SUPERPAVE (inches)
Stone Aggregate Base (2A) (inches) 6 inches 6 inches
It should be noted that these design recommendations are for parking and driveways only and may not
satisfy the State traffic guidelines. Any roadways constructed for public use, to be dedicated to the State
for repair and maintenance must be designed in accordance with the State requirements. The final
pavement design should be based on traffic loading, frequency, design life, etc.
The above sections represent minimum thicknesses representative of typical local construction practices
and periodic maintenance should be anticipated. Pavement may be placed after the subgrade has been
properly compacted, fine graded and proofrolled as recommended earlier in this report.
An important consideration in the design and construction of pavements is surface and subsurface
drainage. Where standing water develops, either on the pavement surface or within the base course layer,
softening of the subgrade and other problems related to the deterioration of the pavement can be
expected. Furthermore, positive drainage should reduce the possibility of the subgrade materials
becoming saturated over a long period of time.
It is common practice in construction to install only the base aggregate and the base course asphalt during
initial construction, and then the final topping surface asphalt much later in the construction process.
Often, depending upon the sequence and timing of construction, the final pavement surface may not be
placed until several months after the initial base asphalt is placed. Studies have shown that the most
critical load conditions occur during the construction phase. In particular, the pavement system is
subjected to loading that includes construction equipment, low-boys, concrete trucks, pre-fabricated joist
and dry wall deliveries, and other heavy, high concentrated truck loading which does not occur once the
project is finished. Not only does this represent the highest traffic loading condition, but it occurs at a
time when the pavement section is not at its full strength, simply because the surface asphalt has not
been placed. If the full asphalt pavement section will not be installed, the project should carry a
contingency for replacing sections of base aggregate and base course asphalt.
Any roadways constructed for public use, to be dedicated to the State for repair and maintenance must,
be designed in accordance with the State requirements. The final pavement design should be based on
traffic loading, frequency, design life, etc.
In this region, asphalt plants may close during the months of December, January, and/or February if
particularly cold weather conditions prevail. However, this can change based on year to year temperature
fluctuations. Daily temperatures from December to February will often stay below 40°F, limiting the days
that asphalt placement can occur.
4.9.2 Concrete Pavement Recommendations
Rigid concrete pavement may be used instead of flexible pavement. Rigid pavement is recommended to
be used where trash dumpsters or semi-trailers are to be parked on the pavement or where a considerable
load is transferred from relatively small steel wheels or struts. This should provide better distribution of
surface loads to the subgrade without causing surficial deformation. We recommend that concrete
pavement consist of a minimum 6-inch thick, mesh reinforced concrete slab with a minimum unconfined
compressive strength of 4,000 psi. Actual pavement section thickness, joint spacing, and reinforcing, if
applicable, should be determined by the design engineer based on traffic loads, volume, and the owner’s
design life requirements. Design of rigid pavement was not included in our scope.
4.9.3 Unpaved Gravel Access Road
Based on our experience with similar soils, we recommend a design CBR value of 3 be used for preliminary
design. We recommend CBR samples be obtained within the upper 12 inches of the subgrade soils during
construction for final pavement design. Please note that any imported fill materials used in proposed
pavement areas will need to meet the CBR value used in design in order to be placed as pavement
subgrade material.
The exposed subgrade should then be proofrolled with an approved piece of equipment, such as a fully-
loaded, tri-axle dump truck, having an axle weight of at least 10 tons. If the undercut subgrade is observed
to be stable, we recommend that the exposed subgrade be densified/compacted in-place, to the extent
possible, prior to the placement of backfill. The new fill can then be placed in accordance with the
guidelines provided in Section 5.1 Subgrade Preparation and Section 5.2 Earthwork Operations should be
followed.
Based on design CBR value of 3, we have developed a preliminary unpaved gravel pavement section design
for year-round access for the project site:
Table 4.9.3.1 – Unpaved Gravel Pavement Section Recommended Thicknesses
Recommended
Pavement Materials
Thickness
Surface Course Aggregate
4 inches
PennDOT 2A (Inches)
Base Course Aggregate
12 inches
AASHTO #57 Stone (Inches)
Base Course Aggregate
6 inches
AASHTO #4 Stone (Inches)
Separation Fabric AASHTO Class 2 Non-
Woven Geotextile
Considering the relatively low CBR values anticipated, the resulting gravel section could be reduced by
improving the soil subgrade through the use of lime or cement, which increases the design CBR value. Soil
improvement would require additional laboratory testing and preparation of mix designs. We would be
happy to provide additional details regarding this option, if requested.
The above table represents the total gravel pavement section recommended for year-round access. Total
pavement thickness should be a minimum of 22 inches of aggregate that when seated and compacted,
should result in an approximately 16- to 18-inch-thick gravel pavement section. Prior to placement of the
PennDOT 2A, the AASHTO #57 stone and underlying AASHTO #4 stone should be seated using a smooth-
drum, vibratory roller or “tracked-in”. Upon completion, we recommend placing compacted, select
granular material such as a PennDOT 2A as the top layer of the unpaved gravel pavement section to
“choke off” the voids within the 57# and #4 stone.
It should be noted that these design recommendations are for proposed access road only and may not
satisfy the State traffic guidelines. Any roadways constructed for public use, to be dedicated to the State
for repair and maintenance must be designed in accordance with the State requirements. The above
sections represent minimum thicknesses representative of typical local construction practices and
periodic maintenance should be anticipated. Aggregate may be placed after the subgrade has been
properly compacted, fine graded, and proofrolled as recommended earlier in this report.
An important consideration in the design and construction of pavements is surface and subsurface
drainage. Where standing water develops, either on the pavement surface or within the base course layer,
softening of the subgrade and other problems related to the deterioration of the pavement can be
expected. Furthermore, positive drainage should reduce the possibility of the subgrade materials
becoming saturated over a long period of time.
At the time of subgrade preparation, additional laboratory testing, consisting of California Bearing Ratio
(CBR), Atterberg limits, and Modified Proctor tests, should be performed on representative subgrade
materials in the proposed gravel pad areas to confirm final design of these pavements prior to installation.
5.0 SITE CONSTRUCTION RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 SUBGRADE PREPARATION
Proposed site grading was not provided; however, we do anticipate significant cut/fill will be performed
during construction of the solar arrays. The following recommendations are provided for general site
activities and ancillary building construction.
5.1.1 Stripping and Grubbing
For any at-grade structures, the subgrade preparation should consist of stripping all remaining vegetation,
rootmat, topsoil, and any other soft or unsuitable materials from the building limits. The stripping within
proposed building (if any) areas should be extended at least 10 feet, where possible, beyond the planned
limits of the proposed structures. Stripping limits should be extended an additional 1 foot for each foot of
fill required at the building exterior edge. The limits discussed in this paragraph define the expanded
building limits. The Geotechnical Engineer or qualified testing agency should document that topsoil and
unsuitable surficial materials have been completely removed prior to the placement of Structural Fill or
construction of structures.
5.1.2 Proofrolling
After removing unsuitable surface materials, cutting to the proposed grade, and prior to the placement
of any structural fill or other construction materials, the exposed subgrade should be examined by the
Geotechnical Engineer or qualified testing agency. The exposed subgrade should be thoroughly
proofrolled with previously approved construction equipment having a minimum axle load of 10 tons (e.g.
fully loaded tandem-axle dump truck). The areas subject to proofrolling should be traversed by the
equipment in two perpendicular (orthogonal) directions with overlapping passes of the vehicle under the
observation of the Geotechnical Engineer or authorized representative. This procedure is intended to
assist in identifying any localized yielding materials.
In the event that unstable or “pumping” subgrade is identified by the proofrolling, those areas should be
marked for repair prior to the placement of any subsequent structural fill or other construction materials.
Methods of repair of unstable subgrade, such as undercutting or moisture conditioning or chemical
stabilization, should be discussed with the Geotechnical Engineer to determine the appropriate procedure
with regard to the existing conditions causing the instability. A test pit(s) may be excavated to explore the
shallow subsurface materials in the area of the instability to help in determining the cause of the observed
unstable materials and to assist in the evaluation of the appropriate remedial action to stabilize the
subgrade.
5.1.3 Site Temporary Dewatering
General Groundwater Conditions: Groundwater observations are described in Section 3.6 Ground Water
Observations of this report. Based on the groundwater observations as well as the proposed site layout
and our experience with earthwork construction in the vicinity of the project site, we do not anticipate
that groundwater will pose a significant construction consideration; however, temporary dewatering,
including sump pits and pumps and/or diversion of water, may be necessary during below-grade
excavation and foundation installation due to perched ground water. The perched groundwater
conditions are seasonal in nature. While perched groundwater conditions may not be encountered during
the summer months, such conditions can occur in the winter and late spring months.
Based on the lack of groundwater encountered in the majority of the borings, we anticipate the
groundwater encountered in Borings B-08, B-09, and B-12 most likely represents perched groundwater
conditions. Perched groundwater conditions may be encountered in other areas of the site.
The upper 36 inches (3 feet) may be susceptible to frost. As this layer thaws out in the late winter to early
spring, this zone of soils may be too wet of optimum to immediately place as new fill. In addition, localized
areas may require undercutting and replacement with drier materials, and/or stabilized via the installation
of geosynthetics or lime/cement stabilization, as discussed Section 5.1.4 Subgrade Stabilization for
additional details. To reduce delays and Change Orders associated with wet, clayey soils, to the extent
possible, mass grading earthwork construction should be performed during the drier, summer months.
Surface Flows: The surface of the site at the end of each workday should be kept properly graded in order
to enhance drainage of the surface water away from the proposed structure areas during the construction
phase. We recommend that an attempt be made to enhance the natural drainage without interrupting its
pattern. Depending on the time of year construction is performed, wet, surficial clay soils may be
encountered during the rainy season which will require careful scheduling and handling, potentially
including scraping of the wet surficial soils on a daily basis, prior to new fill placement, and/or lime or
cement stabilization methods.
5.1.4 Subgrade Stabilization
It is recommended that the preparation of any areas to receive structural fill should be observed on a full-
time basis. These observations should be performed by the Geotechnical Engineer, or their authorized
representative, to document that all unsuitable materials have been removed, and that the subgrade is
suitable for support of the structural fills.
The importance of performing comprehensive construction phase evaluations of final foundation and
floor slab subgrades cannot be over-emphasized. The construction phase testing should include
observation of proofrolling of existing and final subgrades, as well as hand auger borings and dynamic
cone penetrometer testing at frequent intervals within shallow foundation excavations.
Subgrade Benching: Fill should not be placed on ground with a slope steeper than 5H:1V, unless the fill is
confined by an opposing slope, such as in a ravine. Otherwise, where steeper slopes exist, the ground
should be benched so as to allow for fill placement on a horizontal surface and reduce the potential for
the formation of slippage planes.
Subgrade Compaction: Upon completion of subgrade documentation, the exposed subgrade within the
10-foot expanded building and 5-foot expanded pavement and embankment limits should be moisture
conditioned to within ±2 percentage points of the soil’s optimum moisture content and be compacted
with suitable equipment (minimum 10-ton roller) to a depth of 10 inches. Subgrade compaction within
the expanded building, pavement, and embankment limits should be to a dry density of at least 98% of
the Standard Proctor maximum dry density (ASTM D698). Beyond these areas, compaction of at least 95%
should be achieved. The Geotechnical Engineer or a qualified testing agency should document that proper
subgrade compaction has been achieved.
Subgrade Compaction Control: The expanded limits of the proposed construction areas should be well
defined, including the limits for structures, fills, and slopes, etc. Field density testing of subgrades should
be performed at frequencies in Table 5.1.4.1.
5.1.4.1 Frequency of Subgrade Compaction Testing
Location Frequency of Tests

Expanded Building Limits 1 test per 2,500 sq. ft.
Pavement Areas 1 test per 10,000 sq. ft.
Outparcels/SWM Facilities 1 test per 2,500 sq. ft.
All Other Non-Critical Areas 1 test per 10,000 sq. ft.
Subgrade Stabilization: In some areas, undercutting of excessively soft materials may be considered
inefficient. We strongly recommend against utilizing soil bridging lifts to span over soft fill subgrade soils
within the proposed development limits. Alternatively, we recommend the use of a reinforcing geotextile
or geogrid where excessively soft materials are encountered and cannot be effectively removed by
undercutting. These materials should be covered by a minimum of 1 foot of select granular materials.
Alternate reinforcing or stabilization of soft subgrades should be determined in the field by the
geotechnical engineer.
5.2 EARTHWORK OPERATIONS
5.2.1 Structural Fill Materials
Fill materials for use as backfill, or for support of structures should consist of an approved material, free
of organic matter, debris, cobbles, and rock fragments greater than 6 inches. The structural fill should also
have a Liquid Limit and Plasticity Index less than or equal to 40 and 20, respectively. Unacceptable fill
materials include topsoil and organic materials (OH, OL), and high plasticity silt (MH) or clay (CH). High-
plasticity soils should not be used as fill material in proposed structural areas. Rock fills should not be
used.
The on-site soils may require moisture content adjustments, such as the application of discing or other
drying techniques or spraying of water on the soils, prior to their use as controlled fill materials. The
planning of earthwork operations should recognize and account for these efforts and increased costs.
The on-site materials may be reused as structural fill provided that they do not contain organics or foreign
debris, are not highly plastic or expansive (i.e. pyrite), are not environmentally impacted and conform to
the criteria outlined above. Based on observations made during the subsurface exploration program and
following visual observation of the recovered soil samples, the majority of the soils encountered at each
of the boring locations are likely to be suitable for reuse as structural fill material provided they are
determined to be non-pyritic during construction. Rock fill not capable of being tested by the Proctor
method should not be placed as new structural fill. Excavated weathered rock will need to be
broken/crushed into a sufficient gradation to facilitate Proctor testing. This may require the use of a
crusher/sieve. The resulting stockpiles will then need to be mixed with an inert, import material that
results in a mixture with less than 0.1% pyritic sulfur. This process will require a mix design, requiring
multiple buckets of crushed, graded on-site material and the proposed import borrow materials.
Several trial batches will be mixed by weight and then submitted for pyrite testing. We anticipate up to
two (2) weeks will be required to perform the outlined test program, once provided with the
representative samples.
If off-site borrow materials are required in order to achieve the final site grades, a sample should be
submitted to the site testing agency at least five days prior to importing the material to the site for
appropriate lab testing to determine if the material meets the criteria outlined above. It is important to
note that the use of rock materials, if encountered, may require significant mechanical manipulation in
order to achieve a useable fill material as described in section 5.2.4 Reuse of Rock Materials. Earthwork
schedules and budgets should account for this effort. Additionally, imported materials for use as Structural
Fill must also meet the requirements for “clean fill” according to the Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Protection Management of Fill Policy, Document Number 258-2182-773.
5.2.2 Compaction
Fill materials should be placed in lifts not exceeding 8 inches in loose thickness and moisture conditioned
to within ±2 percentage points of the optimum moisture content. Controlled fill soils should be compacted
to a minimum of 95% of the maximum dry density obtained in accordance with ASTM D 698, Standard
Proctor Method. Where the total fill thickness will exceed 8 feet, the soils should be compacted to 98% of
the Standard Proctor for the full depth of the fill. The higher compaction is intended to reduce the
potential for larger fill masses to settle under the self-weight of the fill and to reduce the potential for
differential settlement between the deep and shallow fills. The upper one foot of soils supporting slabs-
on-grades should be compacted to a minimum of 98% of the maximum dry density obtained in accordance
with the ASTM Specification D-698 discussed above.
The expanded footprint of the proposed structures and fill areas should be well-defined, including the
limits of the fill zones at the time of fill placement. Grade control should be maintained throughout the
fill placement operations. All fill operations should be observed on a full-time basis by a qualified soil
technician to determine that the specified compaction requirements are being met. A minimum of one
compaction test per 2,500 square feet of area should be tested in each lift placed. The elevation and
location of the tests should be clearly identified at the time of fill placement.
Compaction equipment suitable to the soil type used as fill should be used to compact the fill material.
Theoretically, any equipment type can be used as long as the required density is achieved. Ideally, a steel
drum roller would be most efficient for compacting and sealing the surface soils. All areas receiving fill
should be graded to facilitate positive drainage from building pad and pavement areas of any free water
associated with precipitation and surface runoff.
Fill material should not be placed on frozen soils. All frozen soils should be removed prior to continuation
of fill operations. Borrow fill materials should not contain frozen materials at the time of placement. All
frost-heaved soils should be removed prior to placement of fill, stone, concrete, or asphalt.
5.2.3 Rock Excavation
Auger refusal was encountered in Borings B-01, B-09, B-14, B-18, and B-25 at approximate depths ranging
between 13 to 19 feet bgs. The remaining borings were terminated within weathered rock at the
scheduled termination depth of 20 feet bgs. Based on our observations of site conditions and the
subsurface information obtained during the explorations, it appears that shallow weathered rock will be
encountered at various locations across the site. Depending on the depth of the bedrock at the site and
proposed site grades, excavation into weathered rock/rock materials may be required. Significant
excavation difficulties may be encountered for excavations extending into bedrock, which may slow down
the construction process or require the use of alternate excavation methods. The final method of
excavation and sizing of equipment for rock removal should be determined by the earthwork contractor.
5.2.4 Reuse of Rock Materials
For site buildings and equipment pads, some rock excavation may be required on this project depending
on the depth of bedrock, as discussed above. Reuse of these materials, if encountered, as structural fill
will require that they be property manipulated to a suitable gradation prior to placement as new fill. The
contractor selected should account for the increased effort required to manipulate rock materials for
structural fill if these materials are planned for re-use. Rock fills or materials not meeting the requirements
for Proctor testing and field density testing should not be used as structural fill.
Nondurable rock materials, if encountered, may be used as fill if adequately broken down by mechanical
effort. For the purposes of this report, all rock materials at the site will be considered nondurable.
Durability is the term used to describe the ability of a rock or rock-like material to withstand long-term
chemical and mechanical weathering without size degradation. Any rock excavated from the site and used
as earthwork fill should have a well-graded grain size distribution with rock and soil particles ranging from
clay or silt size particles to a maximum size of 6 inches in diameter. Particles larger than this should be
decomposed by mechanical compaction equipment to achieve the desired grain size distribution.
Should rock materials be used as fill, a representative sample of the broken-down rock material, as it is
broken down in the field, should be provided to the Geotechnical Engineer for testing and approval. This
may require manipulation of the material prior to obtaining samples for testing. Samples obtained should
be representative of the materials intended to be used as fill with respect to gradation. The material tested
should be broken down using the same methods which are employed in the field so the materials can be
accurately tested and observed during fill placement.
It has been our experience that structural fills constructed of rock materials tend to perform better when
placed at moisture contents slightly wet of optimum. The water associated with moisture levels on the
wet side of the optimum moisture content is believed to aid in the physical and mechanical breakdown of
rock particles, as well as reduce the tendency of the soil matrix to absorb water after fill placement.
5.3 UTILITY INSTALLATIONS
Utility Subgrades: The soils encountered in our exploration are expected to be generally suitable for
support of utility pipes. The pipe subgrade should be observed and probed for stability by the
Geotechnical Engineer or a qualified testing agency to evaluate the suitability of the materials
encountered. Any loose or unsuitable materials encountered at the utility pipe subgrade elevation should
be removed and replaced with suitable compacted Structural Fill or pipe bedding material.
Utility Backfilling: The granular bedding material should be at least 4 inches thick, but not less than that
specified by the project drawings and specifications. Fill placed for support of the utilities, as well as
backfill over the utilities, should satisfy the requirements for Structural Fill given in this report. Compacted
backfill should be free of topsoil, roots, ice, or any other material designated as unsuitable. The backfill
should be moisture conditioned, placed, and compacted in accordance with the recommendations of this
report.
Utility Excavation Dewatering: It is possible that water may be encountered by utility excavations which
extend below existing grades. It is expected that removal of perched water which seeps into excavations
could be accomplished by pumping from sumps excavated in the trench bottom and which are backfilled
with AASHTO Size No. 57 Stone or open graded bedding material. Should water conditions beyond the
capability of sump pumping be encountered, the contractor should submit a Dewatering Plan in
accordance with project specifications.
Excavation Safety: All excavations and slopes should be made and maintained in accordance with OSHA
excavation safety standards. The contractor is solely responsible for designing and constructing stable,
temporary excavations and slopes and should shore, slope, or bench the sides of the excavations and
slopes as required to maintain stability of both the excavation sides and bottom. The contractor’s
responsible person, as defined in 29 CFR Part 1926, should evaluate the soil exposed in the excavations
as part of the contractor’s safety procedures. In no case should slope height, slope inclination, or
excavation depth, including utility trench excavation depth, exceed those specified in local, state, and
federal safety regulations. ECS is providing this information solely as a service to our client. ECS is not
assuming responsibility for construction site safety or the contractor’s activities; such responsibility is not
being implied and should not be inferred.
5.4 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION CONSIDERATIONS
Precautionary measures should be taken to document that preparation of the subgrade and foundation
bearing surfaces are accomplished by the recommended procedures. These precautions are necessary, as
the materials, observed in our borings, are moisture and disturbance sensitive, and will become weakened
if water intrudes into the foundation excavations. Therefore, we recommend that all excavations be
properly dewatered. The site should be graded such that surface water runoff is directed away from the
excavations.
The surface of the site should be kept properly graded during construction in order to enhance drainage
of the surface water away from the proposed foundation areas during the construction phase. We
recommend that an attempt be made to enhance the natural drainage without interrupting its pattern.
The surficial soils contain fines which are considered moderately to highly erodible. The Contractor should
provide and maintain positive site drainage during earthwork operations to help maintain the integrity of
the surficial soils. Erosion and Sedimentation (E&S) controls should be installed in accordance with the
E&S plan provided by the site civil engineer. Final grading should be performed to the slopes and grades
depicted upon the Civil Grading plan, provided by Others.
6.0 CLOSING
ECS has prepared this report of findings, evaluations, and recommendations to guide geotechnical-related
design and construction aspects of the project. The description of the proposed project is based on
information provided to ECS by Kimley-Horn, MN8 and other members of the project team. If any of this
information is inaccurate, either due to our interpretation of the documents provided or site or design
changes that may occur later, ECS should be contacted immediately in order that we can review the report
in light of the changes and provide additional or alternate recommendations as may be required to reflect
the proposed construction. We recommend that ECS be allowed to review the project’s plans and
specifications pertaining to our work so that we may ascertain consistency of those plans/specifications
with the intent of the geotechnical report.
Field observations, monitoring, and quality assurance testing during earthwork and foundation
installation are an extension of and integral to the geotechnical design recommendation. We recommend
that the owner retain these quality assurance services and that ECS be allowed to continue our
involvement throughout these critical phases of construction to provide general consultation as issues
arise.
We cannot be responsible for the evaluations, opinions, interpretations or conclusions of others based on
our data and recommendations, including any recommended undercuts or re-design. We recommend
that ECS be retained to observe the soil conditions once construction begins in order that we may check
that our recommendations are valid. We reserve the right to modify our recommendations based on
observations during construction, if it is appropriate to do so at that time.
APPENDIX A – Drawings & Reports
Site Location Diagram (Figure 1 of 9)

USGS Topographic Map (Figure 2 of 9)
Regional Geologic Map (Figure 3 of 9)
Landslide Susceptibility Map (Figure 4 of 9)
PA DEP Historic Mine Map (Figure 5 of 9)
Exploration Location Diagrams (Figures 6 and 7 of 9)
Subsurface Cross-Section A-A’ (Figure 8 of 9)
Subsurface Cross-Section B-B’ (Figure 9 of 9)
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE, Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P, NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China
0 5,000 10,000
Feet
SITE LOCATION DIAGRAM

ENGINEER
MPK
SPRING LANE SOLAR ARRAY

SCALE
AS NOTED
PROJECT NO.
40:2270
COOK TOWNSHIP, WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PA FIGURE
1 OF 9
DATE
KIMLEY-HORN AND ASSOCIATES, INC 1/17/2023
REF : USGS 7.5' x 7.5' Stahlstown, PA Quadrangle Topographic Maps (2019), www.usgs.gov
Project Site
ENGINEER
USGS TOPOGRAPHIC MAP MPK
SCALE
NTS
SPRING LANE SOLAR ARRAY PROJECT NO.
40:2270
FIGURE
COOK TOWNSHIP, WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PA 2 OF 9
DATE
REF : PA DCNR Map Viewer, (http://www.gis.dcnr.state.pa.us/maps/index.html, 2021)
Project Site
ENGINEER
REGIONAL GEOLOGIC MAP MPK
SCALE
NTS
40:2270
FIGURE
DATE
REF: Landslides and Related Features of Stahlstown, PA. Quadrangle, drawn by John S. Pomeroy, dated 1979 (Open File Map 79-1314 (B-6)
Project Site
ENGINEER
LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAP MPK
SCALE
NTS
40:2270
FIGURE
DATE
REF: Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Check for Risk http://www.depgis.state.pa.us/msiRisk/
Project Site
ENGINEER
PA DEP HISTORIC MINE MAP MPK
SCALE
NTS
40:2270
FIGURE
DATE
OF EXCELLENCE
OVER 34 YEARS
CELEBRATING
NOTE:
DRAWING SCALE BASED ON A PLOT SIZE OF 24"x36".
DRAWING PLOTTED TO ANOTHER SIZE WILL NOT BE
TO SCALE.
100 EAST KENSINGER DRIVE
"SETTING THE STANDARD FOR SERVICE"

B
CRANBERRY, PA. 16066

PHONE: 412-206-1470
FAX: 412-927-1273
SUITE 300
60
15
70
15 R-12
B-25
80
15
15
90
A
B-24
R-11
COOK TOWNSHIP, WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PA.

B-23
15
16
90
00
TP-01
R-10
B-21 B-22 N
SOLAR ARRAY
SPRING LANE
B-20 W E
15
80
B-17 B-19 S
R-09
15
70
15
15
60
50
R-08 B-16
B-18
R-07
EXPLORATION LOCATION
KIMLEY-HORNE AND ASSOCIATES, INC.

B-14
B-15
TP-02
B-13
DIAGRAM
B-11
LEGEND:
ROAD
R-06
MANS -920)
VILLE
APPROX. BORING LOCATION

R-05
(T
APPROX. FIELD ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (ER) TEST

B-12 B-10
B-09
APPROX. TEST PIT LOCATION
B-08 APPROX. SUBSURFACE CROSS-SECTION

B-05 R-03 B-07
B-06 R-04 EXISTING AND PROPOSED GRADING OBTAINED FROM

R-02 B-03 TP-03 DRAFT PRELIMINARY GRADING
PLAN (SHEET NO. EX-101) ECS REVISIONS
A'
PREPARED BY: KIMLEY-HORN

DATED: 9/23/2022
B-04
B-01
B-02
R-01
ENGINEER DRAFTING
JM PJM
B'
SCALE
AS NOTED
SCALE (IN FEET) PROJECT NO.
75 150 40:2270
FIGURE
150 0 6 OF 9
DATE 02/02/2023
Source Dwg: C:\Users\PJMorrow\OneDrive - ECS Corporate Services\40 Data\Geotechnical\eProjects2201 - 2300\2270 (Spring Lane Solar Array, Ligonier, PA)\b-Drafting\40;2270_BLD.dwg Date: Feb 6 2023; 5:02PM Owner: pjmorrow
Service Layer Credits: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors
²
TP-04 TP-05
TP-06
TP-07
TP-08
Legend
Approximate Test Pit Locations 0 500 1,000

Feet
EXPLORATION LOCATION DIAGRAM

ENGINEER
MPK
SPRING LANE SOLAR ARRAY

SCALE
AS NOTED
PROJECT NO.
40:2270
COOK TOWNSHIP, WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PA FIGURE
7 OF 9
DATE
SOIL CLASSIFICATION LEGEND SURFACE MATERIALS ROCK TYPES SYMBOL LEGEND
OF EXCELLENCE
ST - SHELBY TUBE RC - ROCK CORE PM - PRESSURE METER EOB - END OF BORING AR - AUGER REFUSAL SR - SAMPLE REFUSAL [FINES CONTENT%]
OVER 34 YEARS
CELEBRATING
WATER LEVELS BOTTOM OF CASING
FILL
POSSIBLE FILL GP - POORLY GRADED GRAVEL ML - LOW PLASTICITY SILT SM - SILTY SAND CH - HIGH PLASTICITY CLAY PT - PEAT FIRST ENCOUNTERED LOSS OF CIRCULATION
NOTE:
100%
PROBABLE FILL TOPSOIL CONCRETE IGNEOUS

CALIBRATED
COMPLETED
GW - WELL GRADED GRAVEL GC - CLAYEY GRAVEL CL - LOW PLASTICITY CLAY SP - POORLY GRADED SAND OH - HIGH PLASTICITY ORGANIC SILTS AND CLAYS WR - WEATHERED ASPHALT VOID METAMORPHIC
PENETROMETER
TONS/FT.2
DRAWING SCALE BASED ON A PLOT SIZE OF 24"x36".
ROCK SEASONAL HIGH WATER
GM - SILTY GRAVEL SW - WELL GRADED SAND MH - HIGH PLASTICITY SILT SC - CLAYEY SAND OL - LOW PLASTICITY ORGANIC SILTS AND CLAY
PLASTIC LIMIT % DRAWING PLOTTED TO ANOTHER SIZE WILL NOT BE
STABILIZED
GRAVEL SEDIMENTARY WATER CONTENT %
LIQUID LIMIT %
TO SCALE.
Notes: 1- THE NUMBER BELOW THE STRIPS IS THE DISTANCE ALONG THE BASELINE. 2- SEE INDIVIDUAL BORING LOG AND GEOTECHNICAL INFORMATION. 3- PENETRATION TEST RESISTANCE IN BLOWS PER FOOT (ASTM D1586).

PHONE: 412-206-1470
FAX: 412-927-1273
SUITE 300
1610 1610
EXISTING GRADE

1590 B-21
(PROJECTED)
1590
4 TopSoil
11
33 CL
54
75/8"
SOLAR ARRAY
50/2"
1570 WR 1570
SPRING LANE
50/2"
B-20
EOB @ 20.00 (PROJECTED)
EL 1564
4 TopSoil
ESTIMATED TO OF WEATHERED ROCK

14
38 CL
14
1550 26 1550
50/2"
ML
51
EOB @ 20.00
EL 1538
PROPOSED GRADE
1530 1530
B-16
(PROJECTED)
1510 1510
6 TopSoil
15
9
14
CL
14 B-15
56/11"
5 TopSoil
WR 15
CL
1490 50/5" 44 1490
84/11"
EOB @ 20.00
ELEVATION
ELEVATION
EL 1488
50/5" WR

50/5"
EOB @ 20.00
EL 1474
1470 1470
CROSS SECTION
1450 1450
A-A
1430 1430
B-10
8 TopSoil
12
CL
13
28
33 B-08
ML
1410 70
1410
8 TopSoil
WR 11
100/8" 12 CL B-04
12
EOB @ 20.00 50/5"
EL 1402
6 TopSoil
22
50/3"
WR 17
45
ML
1390 50/2" 36 1390
EOB @ 20.00
EL 1388 50/4"
WR
50/3"
EOB @ 20.00
EL 1378
1370 1370
ECS REVISIONS
1350 1350
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 1500 1560 1620 1680 1740 1800 1860 1920 1980 2040 2100 2160 2220 2280 2340 2400
SECTION A-A' ENGINEER DRAFTING

SCALE JM PJM
VERTICAL SCALE 1"=20'
HORIZONTAL SCALE 1"=120' SCALE
AS NOTED
NOTE:
PROJECT NO.
STEEPNESS OF EXISTING GRADE MAY APPEAR EXAGGERATED DUE TO 40:2270
THE DIFFERENCE IN VERTICAL/HORIZONTAL SCALE.
FIGURE
8 OF 9
DATE 02/02/2023
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SOIL CLASSIFICATION LEGEND SURFACE MATERIALS ROCK TYPES SYMBOL LEGEND
OF EXCELLENCE
ST - SHELBY TUBE RC - ROCK CORE PM - PRESSURE METER EOB - END OF BORING AR - AUGER REFUSAL SR - SAMPLE REFUSAL [FINES CONTENT%]
OVER 34 YEARS
CELEBRATING
WATER LEVELS BOTTOM OF CASING
FILL
POSSIBLE FILL
PROBABLE FILL
GP - POORLY GRADED GRAVEL ML - LOW PLASTICITY SILT SM - SILTY SAND CH - HIGH PLASTICITY CLAY PT - PEAT
TOPSOIL CONCRETE IGNEOUS
FIRST ENCOUNTERED 100% LOSS OF CIRCULATION NOTE:
CALIBRATED
GW - WELL GRADED GRAVEL GC - CLAYEY GRAVEL CL - LOW PLASTICITY CLAY SP - POORLY GRADED SAND OH - HIGH PLASTICITY ORGANIC SILTS AND CLAYS WR - WEATHERED
COMPLETED
PENETROMETER DRAWING SCALE BASED ON A PLOT SIZE OF 24"x36".
ASPHALT VOID METAMORPHIC TONS/FT.2
ROCK SEASONAL HIGH WATER
PLASTIC LIMIT %
DRAWING PLOTTED TO ANOTHER SIZE WILL NOT BE
GM - SILTY GRAVEL SW - WELL GRADED SAND MH - HIGH PLASTICITY SILT SC - CLAYEY SAND OL - LOW PLASTICITY ORGANIC SILTS AND CLAY
GRAVEL SEDIMENTARY STABILIZED WATER CONTENT % TO SCALE.
LIQUID LIMIT %
Notes: 1- THE NUMBER BELOW THE STRIPS IS THE DISTANCE ALONG THE BASELINE. 2- SEE INDIVIDUAL BORING LOG AND GEOTECHNICAL INFORMATION. 3- PENETRATION TEST RESISTANCE IN BLOWS PER FOOT (ASTM D1586).

PHONE: 412-206-1470
FAX: 412-927-1273
SUITE 300
1600 1600
B-23
4 TopSoil B-17
80/11"
43 ML
1580 37 7 TopSoil 1580

50/5" 17
36 CL
56
50/2"
B-25 WR 80/10"
50/3"
50/5"
12 TopSoil WR
38 EOB @ 20.00
EL 1566
53 CL 50/5"
1560 45 1560

50/5" EOB @ 20.00
EL 1560
50/5" WR EXISTING GRADE

50/4"
AR @ 19.00
EL 1547
1540 1540
SOLAR ARRAY
SPRING LANE
ESTIMATED TOP OF
WEATHERED ROCK
1520 1520
B-14
5 TopSoil
18
CL
20
43
1500 19 1500
ML
50/2"
PROPOSED GRADE
WR
ELEVATION
ELEVATION
50/4"
AR @ 18.50
EL 1490.5
1480 1480
B-11
5 TopSoil
8
1460 14 1460
12
CL
18
50/5"

WR
50/4"
EOB @ 20.00
EL 1444
1440 1440
CROSS SECTION
B-06
6 TopSoil
1420 15 1420
20 CL
22
50/3" B-02
50/4"
WR 7 TopSoil
12
50/4" 23 CL
28
B-B
EOB @ 20.00
1400 EL 1402
33 1400
ML
50/3"
WR
50/3"
EOB @ 20.00
EL 1388
1380 1380
1360 1360
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 1500 1560 1620 1680 1740 1800 1860 1920 1980 2040 2100 2160 2220 2280 2340 2400 2460
SECTION B-B'
SCALE
VERTICAL SCALE 1"=20'
HORIZONTAL SCALE 1"=120'
ECS REVISIONS
NOTE:
STEEPNESS OF EXISTING GRADE MAY APPEAR EXAGGERATED DUE TO
THE DIFFERENCE IN VERTICAL/HORIZONTAL SCALE. ENGINEER DRAFTING
JM PJM
SCALE
AS NOTED
PROJECT NO.
40:2270
FIGURE
9 OF 9
DATE 02/02/2023
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APPENDIX B – Field Operations
Subsurface Exploration Procedure: Standard Penetration Testing

Subsurface Exploration Procedure: Rock Core Drilling Sampling
Reference Notes for Boring Logs
Reference Notes for Rock Core Descriptions
Boring Logs B-01 through B-25
Test Pit Logs TP-01 through TP-08
Summary of Field Resistivity Test Results (12 pages)
SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION PROCEDURE:
STANDARD PENETRATION TESTING (SPT)
ASTM D 1586
Split-Barrel Sampling
Standard Penetration Testing, or SPT, is the most frequently used

subsurface exploration test performed worldwide. This test provides
samples for identification purposes, as well as a measure of penetration
resistance, or N-value. The N-Value, or blow counts, when corrected and
correlated, can approximate engineering properties of soils used for
geotechnical design and engineering purposes.
SPT Procedure: ECS provides Boring

Location Diagrams
• Involves driving a hollow tube (split-spoon) and Boring Logs for
into the ground by dropping a 140-lb hammer
a height of 30-inches at desired depth each project!
• Recording the number of hammer blows re-

quired to drive split-spoon a distance of 12
inches (in 3 or 4 Increments of 6 inches each)
• Auger is advanced* and an additional SPT is

performed
• One SPT typically performed for every two to

five feet
• Obtain two-inch diameter soil sample
*Drilling Methods May Vary— The predominant drilling

methods used for SPT are open hole fluid rotary drilling and
hollow-stem auger drilling.
SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION PROCEDURE:
ROCK CORE DRILLING AND SAMPLING
ASTM D 2113
Rock core drilling is a method to obtain bedrock cores for geological data and to
provide informaƟon about the engineering properƟes of rock formaƟons at the
drilled locaƟons. Rock coring provides samples for characterizaƟon purposes, as well
as a measure of the Recovery and Rock Quality DesignaƟon, or RQD, and various
engineering laboratory tests. The geologic engineering properƟes determined from
rock cores are advantageous in the design of geotechnical elements such as
foundaƟons.
Rock Core Procedure:

 Soil test borings are advanced through the  Rock recovery (REC) is the percentage of
soil medium to auger refusal, which is gener- the total length of rock recovered divided
ally considered the top of rock. by the length of the core run.
 Rock coring is accomplished with a diamond  The Rock Quality DesignaƟon (RQD) is gen-
studded rock core barrel aƩached to a drill rig erally the percentage of the total length of
and uƟlized for sampling during the rotaƟon the rock pieces 4-inches in length or greater
and advancement of the hollow barrel. divided by the length of the rock core run.
REFERENCE NOTES FOR BORING LOGS
MATERIAL1,2 DRILLING SAMPLING SYMBOLS & ABBREVIATIONS

SS Split Spoon Sampler PM Pressuremeter Test
ASPHALT
ST Shelby Tube Sampler RD Rock Bit Drilling
WS Wash Sample RC Rock Core, NX, BX, AX
CONCRETE
BS Bulk Sample of Cuttings REC Rock Sample Recovery %
PA Power Auger (no sample) RQD Rock Quality Designation %
GRAVEL
HSA Hollow Stem Auger
TOPSOIL
PARTICLE SIZE IDENTIFICATION
DESIGNATION PARTICLE SIZES
VOID
Boulders 12 inches (300 mm) or larger
BRICK Cobbles 3 inches to 12 inches (75 mm to 300 mm)
Gravel: Coarse ¾ inch to 3 inches (19 mm to 75 mm)
AGGREGATE BASE COURSE Fine 4.75 mm to 19 mm (No. 4 sieve to ¾ inch)
Sand: Coarse 2.00 mm to 4.75 mm (No. 10 to No. 4 sieve)
GW WELL-GRADED GRAVEL
Medium 0.425 mm to 2.00 mm (No. 40 to No. 10 sieve)
gravel-sand mixtures, little or no fines
Fine 0.074 mm to 0.425 mm (No. 200 to No. 40 sieve)
GP POORLY-GRADED GRAVEL
Silt & Clay (“Fines”) <0.074 mm (smaller than a No. 200 sieve)
gravel-sand mixtures, little or no fines
GM SILTY GRAVEL
gravel-sand-silt mixtures COHESIVE SILTS & CLAYS COARSE FINE
RELATIVE GRAINED GRAINED
GC CLAYEY GRAVEL UNCONFINED
AMOUNT7 (%)8 (%)8
gravel-sand-clay mixtures COMPRESSIVE SPT5 CONSISTENCY7
4
SW WELL-GRADED SAND STRENGTH, QP (BPF) (COHESIVE)
Trace <5 <5
gravelly sand, little or no fines <0.25 <2 Very Soft
SP POORLY-GRADED SAND 3-4 Soft With 10 - 20 10 - 25
0.25 - <0.50
gravelly sand, little or no fines 0.50 - <1.00 5-8 Firm Adjective 25 - 45 30 - 45
SM SILTY SAND (ex: “Silty”)
1.00 - <2.00 9 - 15 Stiff
sand-silt mixtures
2.00 - <4.00 16 - 30 Very Stiff
SC CLAYEY SAND 4.00 - 8.00 31 - 50 Hard
sand-clay mixtures
>8.00 >50 Very Hard
WATER LEVELS6
ML SILT
non-plastic to medium plasticity
GRAVELS, SANDS & NON-COHESIVE SILTS WL (First Encountered)
MH ELASTIC SILT
5
high plasticity SPT DENSITY
WL (Completion)
CL LEAN CLAY <5 Very Loose
low to medium plasticity 5 - 10 Loose WL (Seasonal High Water)
CH FAT CLAY 11 - 30 Medium Dense
high plasticity
31 - 50 Dense WL (Stabilized)
OL ORGANIC SILT or CLAY >50 Very Dense
non-plastic to low plasticity
OH ORGANIC SILT or CLAY
FILL AND ROCK
high plasticity
PT PEAT
highly organic soils
FILL POSSIBLE FILL PROBABLE FILL ROCK
1
Classifications and symbols per ASTM D 2488-17 (Visual-Manual Procedure) unless noted otherwise.
2
To be consistent with general practice, “POORLY GRADED” has been removed from GP, GP-GM, GP-GC, SP, SP-SM, SP-SC soil types on the boring logs.
3
Non-ASTM designations are included in soil descriptions and symbols along with ASTM symbol [Ex: (SM-FILL)].
4
Typically estimated via pocket penetrometer or Torvane shear test and expressed in tons per square foot (tsf).
5
Standard Penetration Test (SPT) refers to the number of hammer blows (blow count) of a 140 lb. hammer falling 30 inches on a 2 inch OD split spoon sampler
required to drive the sampler 12 inches (ASTM D 1586). “N-value” is another term for “blow count” and is expressed in blows per foot (bpf). SPT correlations per 7.4.2 Method B
and need to be corrected if using an auto hammer.
6
The water levels are those levels actually measured in the borehole at the times indicated by the symbol. The measurements are relatively reliable
when augering, without adding fluids, in granular soils. In clay and cohesive silts, the determination of water levels may require several days for the
water level to stabilize. In such cases, additional methods of measurement are generally employed.
7
Minor deviation from ASTM D 2488-17 Note 14.
8
Percentages are estimated to the nearest 5% per ASTM D 2488-17.
Reference Notes for Boring Logs (03-24-2021).doc © 2021 ECS Corporate Services, LLC. All Rights Reserved
REFERENCE NOTES FOR ROCK CORE DESCRIPTIONS
I. WEATHERING
Fresh Rock fresh, crystals bright, few joints may show slight staining. Rock rings under hammer blows if
crystalline.
Very Slight Rock generally appears fresh, joints stained, some joints may show thin clay coatings, crystals in
broken face show bright. Rock may ring under hammer blows if crystalline.
Slight Rock generally appears fresh, joints stained, and discoloration extends into rock up to 1 inch. Joints
may contain clay. In granitoid rocks some occasional feldspar crystals are dull and discolored.
Crystalline rocks may ring under hammer blows.
Moderate Significant portions or rock show discoloration and weathering effects. In granitoid rocks, most
feldspar are dull and discolored; some appear to have begun to alter to clay. Rock has dull sound
under hammer blows and shows significant loss of strength as compared with fresh rock.
Moderately Severe All rock except quartz discolored or stained. In granitoid rocks, all feldspars appear dull and
discolored and majority appear to have begun to alter to clay. Rock shows severe loss of strength
and can be gouged with geologists pick.
Severe All rock except quartz discolored or stained. Rock “fabric” clear and evident, but reduced in strength
to strong soil. In granitoid rocks, all feldspars altered to clay to some extent. Some fragments of
strong rock usually left.
Very Severe All rock except quartz discolored or stained. Rock “fabric” discernible, but mass effectively reduced to
“soil” (saprolite) with only fragments of strong rock remaining.
Complete Rock reduced to “soil”. Rock “fabric” not discernible or discernible only in small, scattered locations.
Quartz may be present as residual masses or veins.
II. HARDNESS (for engineering description of rock-not to be confused with Moh’s scale for minerals)
Very Hard Cannot be scratched with knife or sharp pick. Breaking of hand specimens requires several hard
blows of geologist’s pick.
Hard Can be scratched with knife or pick only with difficulty. Hard blow of hammer required to detach hand
specimen.
Moderately Hard Can be scratched with knife or pick. Gouges or grooves to ¼ inch deep can be made by point of
geologist’s pick. Hand specimens can be detached by moderate blow.
Medium Can be grooved or gouged 1/16 inch deep by firm pressure on knife or pick point. Can be broken into
small chips to pieces about 1 inch maximum size by hard blows of the point of a geologist’s pick.
Soft Can be gouged or grooved readily with knife or pick point. Can be broken into chips to pieces several
inches in size by moderate blows of a pick point. Small thin pieces can be broken by finger pressure.
Very Soft Can be carved with knife. Can be excavated readily with point of pick. Pieces 1 inch or more in
thickness can be broken with finger pressure. Can be scratched readily by fingernail.
III. JOINTING AND ROCK QUALITY

(A) Joint and Bedding in Rock
Spacing Joints Bedding
Less than 1 inch Very Close Very Thin
1 in. – 3 inches. Close Thin
3 inches – 1 foot Moderately Close Medium
1 foot – 3 feet Wide Thick
Greater than 3 feet Very Wide Very Thick
(B) Rock Quality Designator (RQD) (C) Fracture Aperture Descriptors
RQD, as a percentage Diagnostic Description Openness Descriptor
Exceeding 90 Excellent No Visible Separation Tight
90 - 75 Good Less than 1/32 inch Slightly Open
75 - 50 Fair 1/32 to 1/8 inch Moderately Open
50 - 25 Poor 1/8 to 3/8 inch Open
Less than 25 Very Poor 3/8 inch to 0.1 ft Moderately Wide
Greater than 0.1 ft Wide
(D) Fracture Healing (mineral infilling)
Totally Healed 100% of fracture completely filled with mineral material
Moderately Healed > 50% and < 100% of fracture…
Partly Healed < 50% of fracture
Not Healed Fracture not filled with mineral material
a. Spacing refers to the distance normal to the planes, of the described feature, which are parallel to each other or nearly so.
b. RQD (given as a percentage) = length of core in pieces 4 inch and longer/length of run.
References: American Society of Civil Engineers. Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice - No. 56. Subsurface Investigation for
Design and Construction of Foundations of Buildings. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1976.
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering Geology Field Manual.
amk i:\geotechnical\standard forms\ecs description of rock properties jas.doc

CLIENT: PROJECT NO.: BORING NO.: SHEET:
Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. 40:2270 B-01 1 of 1
PROJECT NAME: DRILLER/CONTRACTOR:
Spring Lane Solar Array Test Boring Services, Inc.
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
Mansville Road, Cook Twp., Pennsylvania, 15658
NORTHING: EASTING: STATION: SURFACE ELEVATION:
BOTTOM OF CASING
1410
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
STANDARD PENETRATION BLOWS/FT
DESCRIPTION OF MATERIAL 20 40 60 80 100 CALIBRATED PENETROMETER TSF
ROCK QUALITY DESIGNATION & 1 2 3 4 5
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
RQD [FINES CONTENT] %
REC 10 20 30 40 50
Topsoil Thickness[4"] 2-3-4-4

S-01 SS 24 20 (7)
(CL) SANDY LEAN CLAY WITH GRAVEL, 7
orangish brown and gray, moist, rm
4-5-8-10
S-02 SS 24 24 to very s (13)
13
10-7-11-15
5 S-03 SS 24 20 1405 (18)
18
7-11-12-11
S-04 SS 24 20 (23)
23
(ML) SANDY SILT, gray, moist, medium 4-8-17-24

S-05 SS 24 18 dense (25)
25
10 1400
S-06 SS 17 14 WEATHERED SHALE SAMPLED AS 11-10-50/5"

(60/11")
SANDY LEAN CLAY, gray, moist, very 60/11"
15 hard 1395
S-07 SS 1 1 AUGER REFUSAL AT 16 FT
50/1"
50/1"
(50/1")
20 1390
25 1385
30 1380
THE STRATIFICATION LINES REPRESENT THE APPROXIMATE BOUNDARY LINES BETWEEN SOIL TYPES. IN-SITU THE TRANSITION MAY BE GRADUAL
WL (First Encountered) Not Encountered BORING STARTED: Dec 02 2022 CAVE IN DEPTH: 13'
WL (Comple on) Dry BORING
Dec 02 2022 HAMMER TYPE: Auto
WL (Seasonal High Water) COMPLETED:
EQUIPMENT: LOGGED BY:
WL (Stabilized) 0.5' at 24 hrs CME 550 AT DRILLING METHOD: HSA
DRM3
GEOTECHNICAL BOREHOLE LOG
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1408
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

18 36
S-01 SS 24 14 (7)
(CL) LEAN CLAY WITH SAND, contains 7 19.1 [77.2%]
rock fragments, brown, moist, rm to

3-5-7-9
S-02 SS 24 16 very s (12)
12
7-10-13-15
5 S-03 SS 24 17 1403 (23)
23
9-13-15-20
S-04 SS 24 20 (28)
28
(ML) SANDY SILT WITH GRAVEL, light 8-13-20-20

S-05 SS 24 22 brown, moist, dense (33)
33
10 1398
26-50/3"
S-06 SS 9 9 WEATHERED SANDSTONE SAMPLED (50/3") 50/3"
AS SILTY SAND, light brown, moist,
15 very dense 1393
S-07 SS 3 3 50/3"
50/3"
(50/3")
20 END OF BORING AT 20 FT
1388
25 1383
30 1378
WL (Stabilized) 0.4' at 24 hrs CME 550 ATV DRILLING METHOD: HSA
DRM3
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1408
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

S-01 SS 24 18 (5)
orangish brown to gray, moist, rm to
5-7-11-13
S-02 SS 24 10 very s (18)
18
9-10-14-15
5 S-03 SS 24 16 1403 (24)
24
5-8-8-8
S-04 SS 24 20 (16)
16
5-8-11-11
S-05 SS 24 24 (19)
19
10 1398
6-11-16-20
S-06 SS 24 20 (27)
27
15 1393
S-07 SS 15 12 WEATHERED SANDSTONE SAMPLED 16-23-50/3"

(73/9") 73/9"
AS SANDY SILT, gray, moist, very dense
1388
25 1383
30 1378
WL (Stabilized) 7' at 24 hrs DRILLING METHOD: HSA
CME 550 ATV DRM3
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1398
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

S-01 SS 24 18 (6)
(ML) SILT WITH GRAVEL, contains rock 6 22.1
fragments, orangish brown, moist,

6-8-14-10
S-02 SS 24 22 loose to dense, S-04 contains (22)
22
increased rock fragments
6-6-11-18
5 S-03 SS 24 20 1393 (17)
17
9-19-26-31
S-04 SS 24 16 (45)
45
37-22-14-35
S-05 SS 24 12 (36)
36
10 1388
29-50/4"
AS SANDY SILT, gray, moist, very dense
15 1383
S-07 SS 3 3 50/3"
50/3"
(50/3")
1378
25 1373
30 1368
WL (First Encountered) Not Encountered BORING STARTED: Dec 05 2022 CAVE IN DEPTH: No Cave
CME 550 ATV DRM3
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1428
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

S-01 SS 24 14 (7)
contains rock fragments, orangish
4-5-9-11
S-02 SS 24 20 brown to gray, moist, rm to very s (14)
14
7-11-16-19
5 S-03 SS 24 22 1423 (27)
27
9-13-9-17
S-04 SS 24 24 (22)
22
28-50/4"
S-05 SS 10 7 WEATHERED SHALE SAMPLED AS (50/4") 50/4"
SANDY LEAN CLAY WITH GRAVEL,
10 orangish brown and black, moist, very 1418
hard, carbonaceous shale between 8
and 12 feet bgs, Total Sulfur 0.57,
Pyri c Sulfur: 0.42%
S-06 SS 4 4 50/4"
50/4"
(50/4")
15 1413
S-07 SS 5 5 50/5"
50/5"
(50/5")
1408
25 1403
30 1398
DRM3
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1422
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

S-01 SS 24 20 (6)
orangish brown to gray, moist, rm to
5-7-8-11
S-02 SS 24 18 very s , contains coal fragments (15)
15
6-9-11-15
5 S-03 SS 24 22 1417 (20)
20
8-10-12-13
S-04 SS 24 18 (22)
22
35-50/3"
SANDY LEAN CLAY WITH GRAVEL, gray
10 and black, moist, very hard, 1412
poten ally pyri c shale between 8
and 17 feet bgs
S-06 SS 4 4 50/4"
50/4"
(50/4")
15 1407
32-50/4"
S-07 SS 10 10
(50/4") 50/4"
1402
25 1397
30 1392
DRM3
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1420
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

S-01 SS 24 18 (6)
(CL) SANDY LEAN CLAY WITH GRAVEL, 6 25.4
contains rock fragments, light brown

4-5-6-7
S-02 SS 24 22 to gray, moist, rm to s (11)
11
5-7-7-10
5 S-03 SS 24 22 1415 (14)
14
3-5-6-6
S-04 SS 24 20 (11)
11
(ML) SANDY SILT WITH GRAVEL, 5-8-13-22

S-05 SS 24 24 contains rock fragments, light brown, (21)
21
10 moist, medium dense 1410
WEATHERED SANDSTONE SAMPLED
AS SANDY SILT, light brown, moist,
very dense
26-41-50/5"
S-06 SS 17 12 (91/11") 91/11"
15 1405
S-07 SS 4 4 50/4"
50/4"
(50/4")
1400
25 1395
30 1390
Back lled EQUIPMENT: LOGGED BY:
WL (Stabilized) DRILLING METHOD: HSA
Immediately CME 550 ATV DRM3
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1408
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

S-01 SS 24 14 (8)
(CL) SANDY LEAN CLAY, contains rock 8 21.5
fragments, orangish brown, moist,

4-5-6-5
S-02 SS 24 22 rm to s (11)
11 19.0
4-4-8-10
5 S-03 SS 24 22 1403 (12)
12 17.7
5-6-6-11
S-04 SS 24 20 (12)
12 14.8
20-50/5"
6.
3
SANDY LEAN CLAY WITH GRAVEL, gray
10 and black, moist, very hard, 1398
poten ally pyri c materials between
8 to 11 feet bgs
S-06 SS 3 3 50/3"
50/3"
2
.
(50/3") 9
15 1393
S-07 SS 2 2 50/2"
50/2"
(50/2")
1388
25 1383
30 1378
WL (First Encountered) 8' BORING STARTED: Dec 05 2022 CAVE IN DEPTH: 12'
WL (Comple on) 10.5' BORING
DRM3
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1384
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

S-01 SS 24 18 (5)
(CL) SANDY LEAN CLAY, contains rock 5
fragments, orangish brown to gray,
2-3-3-6
S-02 SS 24 20 moist, rm (6)
6
(ML) SANDY SILT, contains rock 17-18-20-19

5 S-03 SS 24 22 fragments, light brown, moist, dense 1379 (38)
38

(76/11")
SANDY SILT, gray, moist, very dense 76/11"
43-50/3"
S-05 SS 9 6 (50/3") 50/3"
10 1374
S-06 SS 1 1 50/1"
CONGLOMERATE, (50/1") 50/1"
[REC=100%,RQD=71%], Fair,
15 Moderately Weathered, Moderately 1369
S-07 RC 60 60 71 100
Hard to Hard, Thinly Bedded, Gray
END OF BORING AT 18.1 FT
20 1364
25 1359
30 1354
WL (Comple on) 2.5' BORING
WL (Stabilized) 0 at 24 hrs DRILLING METHOD: HSA
CME 550 ATV DRM3
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1422
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

S-01 SS 24 20 (8)
5-6-6-7
S-02 SS 24 22 brown and gray, moist, rm to very (12)
12
s
4-6-7-10
5 S-03 SS 24 20 1417 (13)
13

S-04 SS 24 18 fragments, gray, moist, medium dense (28)
28
to dense
11-12-21-32
S-05 SS 24 18 (33)
33
10 1412
WEATHERED SHALE SAMPLED AS 20-21-49-50/3

S-06 SS 21 16 "
SANDY SILT, gray, moist, very dense (70)
70
15 1407
13-50-50/2"
S-07 SS 14 12 (100/8") 100/8"
1402
25 1397
30 1392
WL (First Encountered) Not Encountered BORING STARTED: Dec 05 2022 CAVE IN DEPTH: 13.5'
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1464
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

S-01 SS 24 20 (5)
contains rock fragments, reddish
3-3-5-5
S-02 SS 24 20 orangish brown, moist, rm to very (8)
8
s
4-7-7-6
5 S-03 SS 24 22 1459 (14)
14
3-6-6-8
S-04 SS 24 20 (12)
12
4-7-11-14
S-05 SS 24 22 (18)
18
10 1454
20-50/5"
SANDY LEAN CLAY, brown, moist, very
15 hard 1449
24-50/4"
S-07 SS 10 10
(50/4") 50/4"
1444
25 1439
30 1434
WL (Stabilized) Dry DRILLING METHOD: HSA
CME 550 ATV DRM3
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1440
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

S-01 SS 24 20 (7)

4-6-8-11
S-02 SS 24 22 brown to gray, moist to wet, rm to (14)
14 15.6
very s
5-12-15-17
5 S-03 SS 24 20 1435 (27)
27 13.8
6-13-16-19
S-04 SS 24 20 (29)
29 13.1

S-05 SS 24 20 fragments, orangish brown, wet, (44)
44 12.5
10 dense 1430

(88/11")
SANDY LEAN CLAY, black, moist, very 88/11"
15 hard, contains poten ally pyri c shale 1425
17-50/5"
S-07 SS 11 11 (50/5") 50/5"
1420
25 1415
30 1410
CME 550 ATV DRM3
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1472
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

S-01 SS 24 20 (9)
orangish brown, moist, s to very
5-5-6-9
S-02 SS 24 21 s (11)
11
5-7-10-12
5 S-03 SS 24 19 1467 (17)
17
6-8-11-14
S-04 SS 24 20 (19)
19
10-9-10-18
S-05 SS 24 20 (19)
19
10 1462
35-50/4"
15 very dense 1457
S-07 SS 5 5 50/5"
50/5"
(50/5")
1452
25 1447
30 1442
WL (Stabilized) Dry DRILLING METHOD: HSA
CME 550 ATV DRM3
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1508
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

20 39
S-01 SS 24 20 (5)
(CL) LEAN CLAY WITH SAND, brown, 5 23.4 [77.6%]
moist, rm to very s
6-8-10-10
S-02 SS 24 22 (18)
18
9-10-10-12
5 S-03 SS 24 22 1503 (20)
20
(ML) SANDY SILT WITH GRAVEL, 11-19-24-32

S-04 SS 24 22 contains rock fragments, brown, (43)
43
moist, medium dense to dense
11-10-9-10
S-05 SS 24 22 (19)
19
10 1498
S-06 SS 2 2 WEATHERED SHALE SAMPLED AS

50/2"
50/2"
(50/2")
SANDY LEAN CLAY, gray, moist, very
15 hard 1493
S-07 SS 4 4 50/4"
50/4"
AUGER REFUSAL AT 18.5 FT (50/4")
20 1488
25 1483
30 1478
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1494
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

S-01 SS 24 20 (5)
brown, moist, rm to hard
3-5-10-16
17 37
S-02 SS 24 22 (15)
15 14.5 [63.7%]
BS-0 BS1 72
1 5-16-28-50/5"
5 S-03 SS 23 19 1489 (44)
44

(84/11")
hard
503-3
S-05 SS 24 3
10 1484
S-06 SS 5 5 50/5"
50/5"
(50/5")
15 1479
S-07 SS 5 5 50/5"
50/5"
(50/5")
1474
25 1469
30 1464
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1508
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

S-01 SS 24 4 (6)
contains rock fragments, moist, rm

6-7-8-13
S-02 SS 24 22 to s (15)
15
6-4-5-6
5 S-03 SS 24 22 1503 (9)
9
4-6-8-10
S-04 SS 24 22 (14)
14
5-6-8-9
S-05 SS 24 22 (14)
14
10 1498

(56/11")
15 hard 1493
31-50/5"
S-07 SS 11 7 (50/5") 50/5"
1488
25 1483
30 1478
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1580
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

S-01 SS 24 18 (7)
brown, moist, rm to very hard
3-4-13-24
S-02 SS 24 22 (17)
17
14-18-18-25
5 S-03 SS 24 22 1575 (36)
36
18-24-32-31
S-04 SS 24 22 (56)
56

(80/10") 80/10"
10 hard 1570
S-06 SS 5 5 50/5"
50/5"
(50/5")
15 1565
S-07 SS 5 5 50/5"
50/5"
(50/5")
1560
25 1555
30 1550
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1512
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

S-01 SS 24 20 (4)
(CL) SANDY LEAN CLAY, contains rock 4 15.7
fragments, brown to gray, moist, so

2-3-14-14
S-02 SS 24 22 to very s (17)
17
12-10-16-13
5 S-03 SS 24 22 1507 (26)
26
13-8-6-27
S-04 SS 24 22 (14)
14

50/5"
50/5"
(50/5")
10 hard 1502
S-06 SS 4 4 50/4"
50/4"
(50/4")
15 1497
S-07 SS 3 3 50/3"
50/3"
AUGER REFUSAL AT 18.5 FT (50/3")
20 1492
25 1487
30 1482
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1574
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

S-01 SS 24 18 (5)
contains rock fragments, brown,
5-5-8-12
S-02 SS 24 20 moist, rm to hard (13)
13
10-17-24-34
5 S-03 SS 24 22 1569 (41)
41

(93/11")
SANDY LEAN CLAY, brown to gray, 93/11"
moist, very hard 32-50/5"

S-05 SS 11 11 (50/5") 50/5"
10 1564
S-06 SS 5 5 50/5"
50/5"
(50/5")
15 1559
S-07 SS 4 4 50/4"
50/4"
(50/4")
1554
25 1549
30 1544
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1558
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

S-01 SS 24 14 (4)
orangish brown, moist, so to hard,
4-3-11-12
S-02 SS 24 12 S-03 contains increased rock (14)
14
fragments
18-22-16-13
5 S-03 SS 24 14 1553 (38)
38
9-7-7-9
S-04 SS 24 18 (14)
14

S-05 SS 24 8 fragments, light brown to gray, moist, (26)
26
10 medium dense to very dense 1548
S-06 SS 2 2 50/2"
50/2"
(50/2")
15 1543
18-24-27-40
S-07 SS 24 22 (51)
51
1538
25 1533
30 1528
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1584
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

23 36
S-01 SS 24 19 (4)
(CL) LEAN CLAY WITH SAND, contains 4 21.1 [74.2%]
rock fragments, brown to gray, moist,

3-4-7-8
S-02 SS 24 24 so to very hard (11)
11
5-15-18-35
5 S-03 SS 24 20 1579 (33)
33
37-37-17-15
S-04 SS 24 21 (54)
54
S-05 SS 14 14 WEATHERED SANDSTONE SAMPLED 5-25-50/2"

(75/8") 75/8"
10 very dense 1574
S-06 SS 2 2 50/2"
50/2"
(50/2")
15 1569
S-07 SS 2 2 50/2"
50/2"
(50/2")
1564
25 1559
30 1554
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1592
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

S-01 SS 24 16 (5)
orangish brown and gray, moist, rm
6-7-9-24
S-02 SS 24 24 to very s (16)
16
29-50/5"
5 SANDY LEAN CLAY, light brown, moist, 1587
very hard 50-50/4"
S-04 SS 10 8 (50/4") 50/4"
S-05 SS 4 4 50/4"
50/4"
(50/4")
10 1582
S-06 SS 5 5 50/5"
50/5"
(50/5")
15 1577
S-07 SS 2 2 50/2"
50/2"
(50/2")
1572
25 1567
30 1562
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1586
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

S-01 SS 24 14 (4)
(ML) SILT WITH GRAVEL, orangish 4 19.7
brown to gray, moist, very loose to 12-30-50/5"

S-02 SS 17 16 very dense, S-02 contains increased (80/11") 80/11"
rock fragments
28-20-23-31
5 S-03 SS 24 20 1581 (43)
43
26-19-18-30
S-04 SS 24 22 (37)
37

50/5"
50/5"
(50/5")
SANDY LEAN CLAY, light brown, moist,
10 very hard 1576
S-06 SS 2 2 50/2"
50/2"
(50/2")
15 1571
S-07 SS 3 3 50/3"
50/3"
(50/3")
1566
25 1561
30 1556
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1596
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

S-01 SS 24 19 (7)
(SC) CLAYEY SAND WITH GRAVEL, 7
contains rock fragments, brown to
14-23-30-34
S-02 SS 24 22 gray, moist, loose to very dense (53) 8.
18 36
[40.8%]
53 1
BS-0 BS1 72
2 SS 17 17 WEATHERED SHALE SAMPLED AS 14-23-50/5"
5 1591 (73/11")
S-03 CLAYEY SAND WITH GRAVEL, light 73/11"
S-04 SS 5 5 brown, moist, very dense 50/5"

(50/5") 50/5"
S-05 SS 5 5 50/5"
50/5"
(50/5")
10 1586
S-06 SS 4 4 50/4"
50/4"
(50/4")
15 1581
S-07 SS 4 4 50/4"
50/4"
(50/4")
1576
25 1571
30 1566
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
BOTTOM OF CASING
1566
SAMPLE NUMBER
SAMPLE DIST. (IN)
ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)
WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)
BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

S-01 SS 24 14 (12)

15-18-20-50/4
S-02 SS 22 20 brown to gray, moist, s to very hard " 38
(38)
28-27-26-22
5 S-03 SS 24 20 1561 (53)
53
19-22-23-34
S-04 SS 24 24 (45)
45

50/5"
50/5"
(50/5")
SANDY LEAN CLAY, light brown, moist,
10 very hard 1556
S-06 SS 5 5 50/5"
50/5"
(50/5")
15 1551
S-07 SS 4 4 50/4"
50/4"
(50/4")
AUGER REFUSAL AT 19 FT
20 1546
25 1541
30 1536
CLIENT: PROJECT NO.: SHEET:
Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. 40:2270 1 of 1
PROJECT NAME: TEST PIT NO.: SURFACE ELEVATION:
Spring Lane Solar Array TP-01 1578
SITE LOCATION: STATION:
NORTHING: EASTING:
MOISTURE CONTENT
EXCAVATION EFFORT
SAMPLE NUMBER
ELEVATION (FT)
WATER LEVELS
DEPTH (FT)
QP (TSF)
DCP
(%)
DESCRIPTION OF MATERIAL
Topsoil Thickness [4]

(CL) SANDY LEAN CLAY WITH GRAVEL, moist, brown
END OF TEST PIT AT 3.0 FT BS-01 14.3
5 1573
10 1568
15
REMARKS:
THE STRATIFICATION LINES REPRESENT THE APPROXIMATE BOUNDRY LINES BETWEEN SOIL TYPES. IN-SITU THE TRANSITION MAY BE GRADUAL
EXCAVATION EFFORT: E - EASY M - MEDIUM D - DIFFICULT VD - VERY DIFFICULT
WL (First Encountered) Dry WL (Seasonal High) CONTRACTOR: OPERATOR: MAKE/MODEL:
WL (Comple on) Dry Ligonier Construction Dave CAT329E
ECS REP.: DATE COMPLETED: UNITS: CAVE-IN-DEPTH:
DRM3 Dec 7, 2022 English None
TEST PIT LOG
NORTHING: EASTING:
MOISTURE CONTENT
EXCAVATION EFFORT
SAMPLE NUMBER
ELEVATION (FT)
WATER LEVELS
DEPTH (FT)
QP (TSF)
DCP
(%)
Topsoil [6]
(CL) SANDY LEAN CLAY WITH GRAVEL, brown and gray,
moist
5 1505
10 1500
15
REMARKS:
TEST PIT LOG
NORTHING: EASTING:
MOISTURE CONTENT
EXCAVATION EFFORT
SAMPLE NUMBER
ELEVATION (FT)
WATER LEVELS
DEPTH (FT)
QP (TSF)
DCP
(%)
Topsoil [4]
(CL) LEAN CLAY WITH SAND AND GRAVEL, brown and
gray, moist
5 1395
10 1390
15
REMARKS:
TEST PIT LOG
Spring Lane Solar Array TP-04
NORTHING: EASTING:
MOISTURE CONTENT
EXCAVATION EFFORT
SAMPLE NUMBER
ELEVATION (FT)
WATER LEVELS
DEPTH (FT)
QP (TSF)
DCP
(%)
Topsoil [4]
(CL) GRAVELLY LEAN CLAY WITH SAND, brown and gray,
moist
5 -5
10 -10
15
REMARKS:
TEST PIT LOG
NORTHING: EASTING:
MOISTURE CONTENT
EXCAVATION EFFORT
SAMPLE NUMBER
ELEVATION (FT)
WATER LEVELS
DEPTH (FT)
QP (TSF)
DCP
(%)
Topsoil [6]
(SC) CLAYEY SAND WITH GRAVEL, brown, moist
5 -5
10 -10
15
REMARKS:
TEST PIT LOG
NORTHING: EASTING:
MOISTURE CONTENT
EXCAVATION EFFORT
SAMPLE NUMBER
ELEVATION (FT)
WATER LEVELS
DEPTH (FT)
QP (TSF)
DCP
(%)
Topsoil [4]
(CL) GRAVELLY LEAN CLAY WITH SAND, orangish brown,
moist
5 -5
10 -10
15
REMARKS:
TEST PIT LOG
NORTHING: EASTING:
MOISTURE CONTENT
EXCAVATION EFFORT
SAMPLE NUMBER
ELEVATION (FT)
WATER LEVELS
DEPTH (FT)
QP (TSF)
DCP
(%)
Topsoil [6]
(CL) GRAVELLY LEAN CLAY WITH SAND, brown, moist
5 -5
10 -10
15
REMARKS:
TEST PIT LOG
NORTHING: EASTING:
MOISTURE CONTENT
EXCAVATION EFFORT
SAMPLE NUMBER
ELEVATION (FT)
WATER LEVELS
DEPTH (FT)
QP (TSF)
DCP
(%)
Topsoil [6]
(CL) SANDY LEAN CLAY WITH GRAVEL, brown, moist
5 -5
10 -10
15
REMARKS:
TEST PIT LOG
APPENDIX C – Laboratory Testing
Laboratory Test Results Summary (2 pages)
Atterberg Limits Testing Results (4 pages)
Modified Proctor Results (2 pages)
Corrosion Series Results (1 page)
Direct Shear Results (15 pages)
Consolidation Testing Results (54 pages)
Total sulfur Testing (1 page)
Unconfined Compressive Strength of Rock Core (1 page)
Thermal Resistivity (16 pages)
Standard Proctor Results (8 pages)
Expansion Index (6 pages)
Summary of Resistivity Test Results
100 East Kensinger Drive, Suite 300
Cranberry Twp., PA 16066
Client: Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. Test Date: Wednesday, December 7, 2022
Site Name: Spring Lane Solar Array ECS Job #: 40:2270
Address: Church Road and Keefer Run, Cook Twp., PA Test #: R-01
Electrode Array: Wenner 4-Pin Electrode Orientation: Electrode Orientation:

(Four point method, evenly North/South East/West
spaced)
Reading Test Result - Apparent Resistivity Reading Test Result - Apparent Resistivity
Electode Spacing Ohms Ohm-cm Ohm-m Ohm-ft. Ohms Ohm-cm Ohm-m Ohm-ft.
5 Ft. 15.0 14362.5 143.6 471.2 17.0 16277.5 162.8 534.0
10 Ft. 10.0 19150.0 191.5 628.3 10.0 19150.0 191.5 628.3
15 Ft. 8.4 24129.0 241.3 791.6 8.4 24129.0 241.3 791.6
20 Ft. 6.0 22980.0 229.8 753.9 6.7 25661.0 256.6 841.9
50 Ft. 3.9 37342.5 373.4 1225.1 3.5 33512.5 335.1 1099.5
Notes: Please see Exploration Location Diagram (Sheet 6 and 7 of 7) for test locations.

spaced)
5 Ft. 5.1 4883.3 48.8 160.2 4.6 4404.5 44.0 144.5
10 Ft. 2.1 4021.5 40.2 131.9 2.4 4596.0 46.0 150.8
15 Ft. 1.9 5457.8 54.6 179.1 1.7 4883.3 48.8 160.2
20 Ft. 1.6 6128.0 61.3 201.0 1.4 5362.0 53.6 175.9
40 Ft. 1.2 9192.0 91.9 301.6 1.0 7660.0 76.6 251.3
Ground Conditions Wet

spaced)
5 Ft. 10.0 9575.0 95.8 314.1 10.0 9575.0 95.8 314.1
10 Ft. 4.8 9192.0 91.9 301.6 5.4 10341.0 103.4 339.3
15 Ft. 3.6 10341.0 103.4 339.3 3.6 10341.0 103.4 339.3
20 Ft. 3.0 11490.0 114.9 377.0 2.7 10341.0 103.4 339.3
50 Ft. 2.1 20107.5 201.1 659.7 1.2 11490.0 114.9 377.0

spaced)
5 Ft. 42.0 40215.0 402.2 1319.4 38.0 36385.0 363.9 1193.7
10 Ft. 24.0 45960.0 459.6 1507.9 24.0 45960.0 459.6 1507.9
15 Ft. 15.0 43087.5 430.9 1413.6 16.0 45960.0 459.6 1507.9
20 Ft. 11.0 42130.0 421.3 1382.2 10.0 38300.0 383.0 1256.6
50 Ft. 5.6 53620.0 536.2 1759.2 6.5 62237.5 622.4 2041.9

spaced)
5 Ft. 4.4 4213.0 42.1 138.2 4.0 3830.0 38.3 125.7
10 Ft. 2.2 4213.0 42.1 138.2 2.1 4021.5 40.2 131.9
15 Ft. 1.6 4596.0 46.0 150.8 1.4 4021.5 40.2 131.9
20 Ft. 1.5 5745.0 57.5 188.5 1.1 4213.0 42.1 138.2
50 Ft. 1.0 9575.0 95.8 314.1 0.8 7660.0 76.6 251.3

spaced)
5 Ft. 10.0 9575.0 95.8 314.1 11.0 10532.5 105.3 345.6
10 Ft. 4.7 9000.5 90.0 295.3 5.4 10341.0 103.4 339.3
15 Ft. 2.9 8330.3 83.3 273.3 3.1 8904.8 89.0 292.1
20 Ft. 1.7 6511.0 65.1 213.6 2.1 8043.0 80.4 263.9
50 Ft. 0.3 2872.5 28.7 94.2 0.9 8617.5 86.2 282.7
Client: Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. Test Date: Tuesday, December 6, 2022

spaced)
5 Ft. 120.0 114900.0 1149.0 3769.7 140.0 134050.0 1340.5 4398.0
10 Ft. 81.0 155115.0 1551.2 5089.1 81.0 155115.0 1551.2 5089.1
15 Ft. 53.0 152242.5 1522.4 4994.8 53.0 152242.5 1522.4 4994.8
20 Ft. 32.0 122560.0 1225.6 4021.0 33.0 126390.0 1263.9 4146.6
50 Ft. 13.0 124475.0 1244.8 4083.8 3.0 28725.0 287.3 942.4

spaced)
5 Ft. 104.0 99580.0 995.8 3267.1 90.0 86175.0 861.8 2827.3
10 Ft. 52.0 99580.0 995.8 3267.1 53.0 101495.0 1015.0 3329.9
15 Ft. 31.0 89047.5 890.5 2921.5 31.0 89047.5 890.5 2921.5
20 Ft. 18.0 68940.0 689.4 2261.8 15.0 57450.0 574.5 1884.8
50 Ft. 5.7 54577.5 545.8 1790.6 2.8 26810.0 268.1 879.6

spaced)
5 Ft. 90.0 86175.0 861.8 2827.3 90.0 86175.0 861.8 2827.3
10 Ft. 59.0 112985.0 1129.9 3706.8 53.0 101495.0 1015.0 3329.9
15 Ft. 34.0 97665.0 976.7 3204.2 31.0 89047.5 890.5 2921.5
20 Ft. 22.0 84260.0 842.6 2764.4 15.0 57450.0 574.5 1884.8
50 Ft. 3.8 36385.0 363.9 1193.7 2.8 26810.0 268.1 879.6

spaced)
5 Ft. 160.0 153200.0 1532.0 5026.2 160.0 153200.0 1532.0 5026.2
10 Ft. 97.0 185755.0 1857.6 6094.3 91.0 174265.0 1742.7 5717.3
15 Ft. 56.0 160860.0 1608.6 5277.5 44.0 126390.0 1263.9 4146.6
20 Ft. 35.0 134050.0 1340.5 4398.0 32.0 122560.0 1225.6 4021.0
50 Ft. 6.3 60322.5 603.2 1979.1 6.1 58407.5 584.1 1916.3

spaced)
5 Ft. 82.0 78515.0 785.2 2575.9 75.0 71812.5 718.1 2356.0
10 Ft. 41.0 78515.0 785.2 2575.9 47.0 90005.0 900.1 2952.9
15 Ft. 26.0 74685.0 746.9 2450.3 30.0 86175.0 861.8 2827.3
20 Ft. 18.0 68940.0 689.4 2261.8 17.0 65110.0 651.1 2136.1
50 Ft. 10.0 95750.0 957.5 3141.4 9.2 88090.0 880.9 2890.1

spaced)
5 Ft. 51.0 48832.5 488.3 1602.1 50.0 47875.0 478.8 1570.7
10 Ft. 26.0 49790.0 497.9 1633.5 25.0 47875.0 478.8 1570.7
15 Ft. 14.0 40215.0 402.2 1319.4 11.0 31597.5 316.0 1036.7
20 Ft. 9.1 34853.0 348.5 1143.5 9.4 36002.0 360.0 1181.2
50 Ft. 5.3 50747.5 507.5 1664.9 5.3 50747.5 507.5 1664.9
Laboratory Testing Summary
Atterberg Limits **Percent Moisture - Density CBR (%)
Sample Depth ^MC Soil Passing #Organic
Sample Location
Number (feet) (%) Type No. 200 <Maximum <Optimum Content (%)
LL PL PI 0.1 in. 0.2 in.
Sieve Density (pcf) Moisture (%)
B-08 S-01 0-2 21.5
B-08 S-02 2-4 19.0
B-08 S-03 4-6 17.7
B-08 S-04 6-8 14.8
B-08 S-05 8-8.92 6.3
B-08 S-06 13-13.25 2.9
B-12 S-01 0-2 28.5
B-12 S-02 2-4 15.6
B-12 S-03 4-6 13.8
B-12 S-04 6-8 13.1

Notes: See test reports for test method, ^ASTM D2216-19, *ASTM D2488, **ASTM D1140-17, #ASTM D2974-20e1 < See test report for D4718 corrected
values
Definitions: MC: Moisture Content, Soil Type: USCS (Unified Soil Classification System), LL: Liquid Limit, PL: Plastic Limit, PI: Plasticity Index, CBR: California
Bearing Ratio, OC: Organic Content
Project: Spring Lane Solar Array Project No.: 40:2270

Client: Kimley-Horn Date Reported:
Office / Lab Address Office Number / Fax
100 E. Kensinger Drive. (412)206-1470

ECS Mid-Atlantic LLC - Pittsburgh Suite #300
Cranberry Twp., PA 16066 (412)927-1273
Tested by Checked by Approved by Date Received

mlee mlee mlee 12/12/2022
Sample Location
B-12 S-05 8-10 12.5
B-15 BS-01 0-6 14.5 CL 37 17 20 63.7 122.8 12.4
B-24 BS-02 0-6 8.1 SC 36 18 18 40.8 130.9 9.0
B-14 ST-04 0-2 23.4 CL 39 20 19 77.55
B-21 ST-07 0-2 22.9 CL 36 23 13 74.20
B-02 ST-01 0-2 24.2 CL 36 18 18 77.20
values


Cranberry Twp., PA 16066 (412)927-1273

Sample Location
TP-01 BS-01 3-3.5 14.3 116.0 13.6
TP-02 BS-02 3-3.5 14.6 114.5 16.4
TP-03 BS-03 3-3.5 24.6 102.7 22.3
TP-04 BS-04 3-3.5 16.3 111.6 16.7
TP-05 BS-05 3-3.5 18.6 114.9 14.7
TP-06 BS-06 3-3.5 17.5 109.9 17.0
TP-07 BS-07 3-3.5 18.1 111.6 16.0
TP-08 BS-08 3-3.5 12.7 115.7 14.8
values

Client: Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. Date Reported: 1/30/2023
5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

ECS Mid-Atlantic LLC - Frederick Suite S
Frederick, MD 21704 (301)668-3519

pkitcher BMurrell BMurrell
LIQUID AND PLASTIC LIMITS TEST REPORT
60
Dashed line indicates the approximate

upper limit boundary for natural soils
50
P
L
A
S 40
T
I
C
I
T 30
Y
I
N
D
E 20
X
10
CL-ML ML or OL MH or OH
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
LIQUID LIMIT
TEST RESULTS (ASTM D4318-10 (MULTIPOINT TEST))
Sample Sample Sample

LL PL PI %<#40 %<#200 AASHTO USCS Material Description
Location Number Depth (ft)
 B-15 BS-01 0-6 37 17 20 75.1 63.7 A-6 CL Brown Sandy LEAN CLAY
 B-24 BS-02 0-6 36 18 18 51.5 40.8 A-6 SC Brown Clayey SAND with Gravel


(412)927-1273

ATTERBERG LIMITS
ASTM D 4318-17
Client: ECS Mid-Atlantic Boring No.: B-14

Client Reference: Spring Lane Solar 40:2270 Depth (ft): 1.4-1.6
Project No.: 2022-863-001 Sample No.: ST-04
Lab ID: 2022-863-001-001 Soil Description: BROWN LEAN CLAY
Note: The USCS symbol used with this test refers only to the minus No. 40 (Minus #40 sieve material, Air dried)
sieve material. See the "Sieve and Hydrometer Analysis" graph page for the complete material description .
As Received Moisture Content Liquid Limit Test
ASTM D2216-19 1 2 3 M
Tare Number: 3208 438 631 1150 U
Wt. of Tare & Wet Sample (g): 260.22 39.27 39.91 39.36 L
Wt. of Tare & Dry Sample (g): 212.47 33.33 34.13 33.42 T
Weight of Tare (g): 8.09 17.18 18.84 18.61 I
Weight of Water (g): 47.8 5.9 5.8 5.9 P
Weight of Dry Sample (g): 204.4 16.2 15.3 14.8 O
Was As Received MC Preserved: Yes I
Moisture Content (%): 23.4 36.8 37.8 40.1 N
Number of Blows: 35 28 19 T
Plastic Limit Test 1 2 Range Test Results
Tare Number: 2254 2294 Liquid Limit (%): 39

Wt. of Tare & Wet Sample (g): 23.97 25.85
Wt. of Tare & Dry Sample (g): 22.78 24.83 Plastic Limit (%): 20
Weight of Tare (g): 16.81 19.67
Weight of Water (g): 1.2 1.0 Plasticity Index (%): 19
Weight of Dry Sample (g): 6.0 5.2
USCS Symbol: CL
Moisture Content (%): 19.9 19.8 0.2
Note: The acceptable range of the two Moisture Contents is ± 1.12
Flow Curve Plasticity Chart
45 60
50
40
CL CH
Water Content (%)
Plasticity Index (%)
40
35
30
30 MH
20
25
10
20
0
ML
1 10 100
0 20 40 60 80 100
Number of Blows Liquid Limit (%)
CL- ML
Tested By BS Date 1/5/23 Checked By BRB Date 1/8/23

page 1 of 1 DCN: CTS4B, DATE: 5/22/18 REVISION: 8
544 Braddock Avenue • East Pittsburgh, PA 15112 • Phone (412) 823-7600 • Fax (412) 823-8999 • www.geotechnics.net
ATTERBERG LIMITS
ASTM D 4318-17

ASTM D2216-19 1 2 3 M
Tare Number: 3323 536 289 178 U
Weight of Tare (g): 8.03 20.21 15.80 18.40 I

USCS Symbol: CL
40 60
38
50
36
CL CH
34
Water Content (%)
40
32
30 30
28 MH
26 20
24
10
22
20
0
ML
1 10 100
0 20 40 60 80 100
CL- ML
Tested By DDA Date 1/6/23 Checked By BRB Date 1/9/23

ATTERBERG LIMITS
ASTM D 4318-17

Client Reference: Spring Lane Solar 40:2270 Depth (ft): 0.0-2.0'
ASTM D2216-19 1 2 3 M
Tare Number: 2805 257 276 301 U
Weight of Tare (g): 8.11 19.54 17.24 18.72 I

USCS Symbol: CL
40 60
38
50
36
CL CH
34
Water Content (%)
40
32
30 30
28 MH
26 20
24
10
22
20
0
ML
1 10 100
0 20 40 60 80 100
CL- ML
Tested By BS Date 1/9/23 Checked By BRB Date 1/11/23

Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil
Using Modified Effort
140.0
- - - - Zero Air Voids SG = 2.75
● Oversize Corrected
130.0
D4718 corrected
Dry Unit Weight, pcf
120.0
110.0
5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19
Water Content, %
Optimum Moisture Content 12.4 % Preparation ASTM moist preparation

Maximum Dry Unit Weight 122.8 pcf Type of rammer Manual - 10lbf (44.5N)
Corrected Opt. Moisture Content 11.1 % Test Specfication / Method ASTM D1557-12e1-method A
Corrected Max. Dry Density 127.2 pcf
Specific gravity - D854 water pycnometer 2.75 Historical
Cumulative material retained on: 3/4 in. sieve 0.1 % Coarse Aggregate Specific Gravity -
2.70 Historical
3/8 in. sieve 1.5 % C127 coarse aggregate
#4 sieve 11.5 %
11.46 % retained on #4 sieve.
Nat. Plasticity
Soil Description Liquid Limit %< #200 USCS AASHTO
Moist. % Index
Brown Sandy LEAN CLAY 14.5 37 20 63.7 CL A-6

Client: Kimley-Horn Depth (ft.): 0 - 6
Sample / Source: B-15 Sample No.: BS-01
Test Reference/No.: Date Reported:

Cranberry Twp., PA 16066 (412)927-1273
Tested by Checked by Approved by Date Received Remarks

Using Modified Effort
150.0
● Oversize Corrected
140.0
D4718 corrected
130.0
120.0
110.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Water Content, %
Optimum Moisture Content 9.0 % Preparation ASTM moist preparation

Maximum Dry Unit Weight 130.9 pcf Type of rammer Manual - 10lbf (44.5N)
Corrected Opt. Moisture Content 7.6 % Test Specfication / Method ASTM D1557-12e1-method A
Corrected Max. Dry Density 136.6 pcf
Cumulative material retained on: 3/4 in. sieve 0.3 % Coarse Aggregate Specific Gravity -
2.70 Historical
3/8 in. sieve 2.2 % C127 coarse aggregate
#4 sieve 17.9 %
17.92 % retained on #4 sieve.
Nat. Plasticity
Moist. % Index
Brown Clayey SAND with Gravel 8.1 36 18 40.8 SC A-6

Client: Kimley-Horn Depth (ft.): 0 - 6
Sample / Source: B-24 Sample No.: BS-02
Test Reference/No.: Date Reported:

Cranberry Twp., PA 16066 (412)927-1273

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
SAND
Very Coarse GRAVEL SILT CLAY
Coarse Medium Fine
3" 2" 1.5" 1"3/4" 1/2"3/8" #4 #10 #20 #40 #60 #100 #140 #200
100
90
80
Percentage Passing %
70
60
50
40
æmö
çç÷÷
èm1ø
30
20
10
0
1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001
Particle Size mm
TEST RESULTS (ASTM D422-63(2007))
Sieving Hydrometer Sedimentation
Dry Mass of sample, g 669.1
Particle Size % Passing Particle Size mm % Passing
3" 100.0 Sample Proportions % dry mass

2" 100.0
Very coarse, >3" sieve 0.0
1 1/2" 100.0
1" 100.0
Gravel, 3" to # 4 sieve 5.7
3/4" 100.0
3/8" 98.5
Coarse Sand, #4 to #10 sieve 6.6
#4 94.3
#10 87.7
Medium Sand, #10 to #40 12.6
#40 75.1
#50 71.2
Fine Sand, #40 to #200 11.4
#100 65.5
#200 63.7
Fines <#200 63.7
USCS CL Liquid Limit 37 D90 2.704 D50 D10

AASHTO A-6 Plastic Limit 17 D85 1.435 D30 Cu
USCS Group Name Sandy lean clay Plasticity Index 20 D60 D15 Cc

Client: Kimley-Horn Depth (ft): 0 - 6
Sample Description: Brown Sandy LEAN CLAY Sample No.: BS-01
Sample Source: B-15 Date Reported:

Cranberry Twp., PA 16066 (412)927-1273

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
SAND
Very Coarse GRAVEL SILT CLAY
Coarse Medium Fine
3" 2" 1.5" 1"3/4" 1/2"3/8" #4 #10 #20 #40 #60 #100 #140 #200
100
90
80
Percentage Passing %
70
60
50
40
æmö
çç÷÷
èm1ø
30
20
10
0
1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001
Particle Size mm
TEST RESULTS (ASTM D422-63(2007))
Sieving Hydrometer Sedimentation
Dry Mass of sample, g 922.3
Particle Size % Passing Particle Size mm % Passing
3" 100.0 Sample Proportions % dry mass

2" 100.0
Very coarse, >3" sieve 0.0
1 1/2" 100.0
1" 100.0
Gravel, 3" to # 4 sieve 15.6
3/4" 100.0
3/8" 97.4
Coarse Sand, #4 to #10 sieve 13.9
#4 84.4
#10 70.5
Medium Sand, #10 to #40 19.0
#40 51.5
#50 46.7
Fine Sand, #40 to #200 10.7
#100 42.1
#200 40.8
Fines <#200 40.8
USCS SC Liquid Limit 36 D90 6.403 D50 0.381 D10

AASHTO A-6 Plastic Limit 18 D85 4.904 D30 Cu
USCS Group Name Clayey sand with gravel Plasticity Index 18 D60 0.850 D15 Cc

Client: Kimley-Horn Depth (ft): 0 - 6
Sample Description: Brown Clayey SAND with Gravel Sample No.: BS-02
Sample Source: B-24 Date Reported:

Cranberry Twp., PA 16066 (412)927-1273

SIEVE AND HYDROMETER ANALYSIS
ASTM D6913 / D7928

Lab ID: 2022-863-001-001 Soil Color: Brown
SIEVE ANALYSIS HYDROMETER

USCS
gravel sand silt and clay
100 12" 6" 3" 3/4" 3/8" #4 #10 #20 #40 #100 #200
90
80
70
nt Finer By Weight
60
50
40
Percen
30
20
10
0
1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001
Particle Diameter (mm)
Sieve Size Percentage (%)
Greater than #4 Gravel 0.59

#4 to #200 Sand 21.86
Finer than #200 Silt & Clay 77.55
USCS Symbol:
CL, TESTED
USCS Classification:
LEAN CLAY WITH SAND
Tested By CN Date 1/26/23 Checked By KC Date 1/27/23

page 1 of 2 DCN: CT-S73T, DATE 2/25/22, REV. 1
WASH SIEVE ANALYSIS
ASTM D6913-17

Moisture Content of Passing 3/4" Material Moisture Content of Retained 3/4" Material
Tare No.: 2019 Tare No.: NA

Wt. of Tare & Wet Sample (g): 1140.50 Weight of Tare & Wet Sample (g): NA
Wt. of Tare & Dry Sample (g): 940.53 Weight of Tare & Dry Sample (g): NA
Weight of Tare (g): 149.36 Weight of Tare (g): NA
Weight of Water (g): 199.97 Weight of Water (g): NA
Weight of Dry Soil (g): 791.17 Weight of Dry Soil (g): NA
Moisture Content (%): 25.3 Moisture Content (%): 0.0
Dry Weight of Sample (g): NA Total Dry Weight of Sample (g): 791.17
Tare No. (Sub-Specimen) 2019 Wet Weight of +3/4" Sample (g): 0.00
Wt. of Tare & Wet Sub-Specimen (g): 1140.50 Dry Weight of + 3/4" Sample (g): 0.00
Weight of Tare (g): 149.36 Dry Weight of - 3/4" Sample (g): 791.17
Sub-Specimen Wet Weight (g): 991.14 Dry Weight -3/4" +3/8" Sample (g): 0.91
Tare No. (-3/8" Sub-Specimen): NA Dry Weight of -3/8" Sample (g): 790.26
Wt. of Tare & Wet -3/8" Sub-Specimen (g): NA J - Factor (% Finer than 3/4"): NA
Weight of Tare (g): NA J - Factor (% Finer than 3/8"): NA
Sub-Specimen -3/8" Wet Weight (g): NA
Sieve Sieve Weight of Soil Percent Accumulated Percent Accumulated

Size Opening Retained Retained Percent Finer Percent
Retained Finer
(mm) (g) (%) (%) (%) (%)
12" 300 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100.0
6" 150 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100.0
3" 75 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100.0
2" 50 0.00 (*) 0.00 0.00 100.00 100.0
1 1/2" 37.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100.0
1" 25 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100.0
3/4" 19 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100.0
1/2" 12.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100.0
( ** )
3/8" 9.5 0.91 0.12 0.12 99.88 99.9
#4 4.75 3.74 0.47 0.59 99.41 99.4
#10 2 21.40 2.70 3.29 96.71 96.7
#20 0.85 38.40 ( ** ) 4.85 8.15 91.85 91.9
#40 0.425 34.79 4.40 12.54 87.46 87.5
#60 0.25 43.51 5.50 18.04 81.96 82.0
#100 0.15 17.28 2.18 20.23 79.77 79.8
#140 0.106 8.80 1.11 21.34 78.66 78.7
#200 0.075 8.78 1.11 22.45 77.55 77.6
Pan - 613.56 77.55 100.00 - -
Notes : ( * ) The + 3/4" sieve analysis is based on the Total Dry Weight of the Sample
( ** ) The - 3/4" and - 3/8" sieve analysis is based on the Weight of the Dry Specimen

ASTM D6913 / D7928


USCS
100 12" 6" 3" 3/4" 3/8" #4 #10 #20 #40 #100 #200
90
80
70
nt Finer By Weight
60
50
40
Percen
30
20
10
0
1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001

#4 to #200 Sand 19.55
USCS Symbol:
CL, TESTED
LEAN CLAY WITH SAND

WASH SIEVE ANALYSIS
ASTM D6913-17



Retained Finer
(mm) (g) (%) (%) (%) (%)
12" 300 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100
6" 150 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100
3" 75 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100
2" 50 0.00 (*) 0.00 0.00 100.00 100
1 1/2" 37.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100
1" 25 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100
3/4" 19 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100
1/2" 12.5 19.14 2.38 2.38 97.62 98
( ** )
3/8" 9.5 10.79 1.34 3.72 96.28 96
#4 4.75 20.39 2.53 6.25 93.75 94
#10 2 28.72 3.57 9.82 90.18 90
#20 0.85 23.55 ( ** ) 2.93 12.75 87.25 87
#40 0.425 11.24 1.40 14.15 85.85 86
#60 0.25 10.58 1.31 15.46 84.54 85
#100 0.15 19.94 2.48 17.94 82.06 82
#140 0.106 32.82 4.08 22.02 77.98 78
#200 0.075 30.43 3.78 25.80 74.20 74
Pan - 596.98 74.20 100.00 - -

ASTM D6913 / D7928


USCS
100 12" 6" 3" 3/4" 3/8" #4 #10 #20 #40 #100 #200
90
80
70
nt Finer By Weight
60
50
40
Percen
30
20
10
0
1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001

#4 to #200 Sand 16.58
USCS Symbol:
CL, TESTED
LEAN CLAY WITH SAND

WASH SIEVE ANALYSIS
ASTM D6913-17



Retained Finer
(mm) (g) (%) (%) (%) (%)
12" 300 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100
6" 150 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100
3" 75 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100
2" 50 0.00 (*) 0.00 0.00 100.00 100
1 1/2" 37.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100
1" 25 27.12 3.91 3.91 96.09 96
3/4" 19 0.00 0.00 3.91 96.09 96
1/2" 12.5 3.78 0.54 4.45 95.55 96
( ** )
3/8" 9.5 6.71 0.97 5.42 94.58 95
#4 4.75 5.58 0.80 6.22 93.78 94
#10 2 12.13 1.75 7.97 92.03 92
#20 0.85 15.68 ( ** ) 2.26 10.23 89.77 90
#40 0.425 13.33 1.92 12.15 87.85 88
#60 0.25 19.49 2.81 14.96 85.04 85
#100 0.15 26.06 3.75 18.71 81.29 81
#140 0.106 15.13 2.18 20.89 79.11 79
#200 0.075 13.24 1.91 22.80 77.20 77
Pan - 535.90 77.20 100.00 - -

12/19/2022
ECS Mid-Atlantic Laboratory Soil Sample Analysis Results
Sample ID As-Is Resistivity "Wetted" Resistivity Redox Chloride Sulfate

Project pH Sulfides
(Depth, ft) (ohm-cm) (ohm-cm) (mV) (ppm) (ppm)
CS-1 7,500 5,000 271 6.4 <20 <5 Not Present
CS-2 20,000 13,000 253 6.8 <20 <5 Not Present
CS-3 7,600 4,100 250 6.7 <20 <5 Not Present
CS-4 13,000 10,000 295 6.4 <20 <5 Not Present
CS-5 14,000 10,000 279 6.5 <20 <5 Not Present
Spring Solar Array CS-6 34,000 21,000 356 6.6 <20 <5 Not Present
40:2270 CS-7 22,000 13,000 311 6.6 <20 <5 Not Present
CS-8 260,000 45,000 278 6.7 <20 <5 Not Present
CS-9 68,000 52,000 283 6.8 <20 <5 Not Present
CS-10 61,000 38,000 333 6.5 <20 <5 Not Present
CS-11 14,000 8,100 329 6.3 <20 <5 Not Present
CS-12 380,000 100,000 294 6.3 <20 <5 Not Present
6700 Alexander Bell Dr. Suite 200

Columbia, MD 21046
(443) 510-8955
DIRECT SHEAR
ASTM D 3080-11

Lab ID: 2022-863-001-003 Visual Description: Brown Clay
Sample Conditions: Undisturbed, Inundated and Double Drained
Maximum Shear Normal

Stress (psi) Stress (psi) Overall Regression Analysis
5.82 (1) 6.94 Slope = 0.69

10.88 (2) 13.89 C = 1.13 psi
20.27 (3) 27.78 ) 34.6 degrees
Selected Shear Normal

Points Stress (psi) Stress (psi) Selected Points Regression
1 5.82 6.94 Slope = 0.69

3 20.27 27.78 C = 1.01 psi
) 34.7 degrees
Weight of Dry Soil (g)

SHEAR STRESS vs. NORMAL STRESS
35
C = 1.01 psi
30
) = 34.7 O
25
Shear Stress (psi)
20
15
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Normal Stress (psi)
Note: Graph not to scale

Tested By RPE Date 1/12/23 Approved By NJM Date 1/12/23
page 1 of 5 DCN: CT-S21C DATE: 06/10/13 REV: 1
DIRECT SHEAR
ASTM D 3080-11

SHEAR STRESS vs. HORIZONTAL DISPLACEMENT

25.0
20.0
1
3
15.0
s (psi)
Shear Stress
10.0
5.0
0.0
0.000 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500 0.600
Horizontal Displacement (in)
6.94 psi 13.89 psi 27.78 psi

DIRECT SHEAR
ASTM D 3080-11

Machine ID # G1285 SHEAR BOX DATA

Weight of Wet Specimen & Ring (g) 380.37 Specific Gravity (Assumed) 2.70
Weight of Ring (g) 214.64 Volume of Solids (cm3) 51.5
Weight of Wet Specimen (g) 165.73 Initial Consolidation Dial Reading (in) 0.0
Initial Specimen Height (in) 1.0 Final Consolidation Dial Reading (in) 0.0230
Specimen Diameter (in) 2.5 Corrected Final Consolidation Reading (in) 0.0132
Wet Density (pcf) 128.6 Void Ratio Before Consolidation 0.561
Dry Density (pcf) 108.0 Void Ratio After Consolidation 0.540
Moisture Content Before Test After Test Testing Parameters

Tare ID 2805 3038
Weight of Wet Soil & Tare (g) 210.81 175.90 Normal Stress (psi) 6.94
Weight of Dry Soil & Tare (g) 178.28 147.07
Weight of Tare (g) 8.11 8.07 Strain Rate (in/min) 0.00144
Weight of Water (g) 32.53 28.83
Weight of Dry Soil (g) 170.17 139 Machine Deflection (in) 0.0098
Moisture
o stu e Co
Content
te t (%) 19.1
9 20.7
0
Vertical
Horizontal Shear Shear Vertical Dial Displacement Shear To
Displacement Force Stress Reading (+)incr,(-)decr Normal
(in) (lb) (psi) (in) (in) Ratio
0.000 0.0 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.00
0.004 9.4 1.91 0.0005 -0.0005 0.27
0.009 12.1 2.46 0.0009 -0.0009 0.35
0.014 14.4 2.93 0.0014 -0.0014 0.42
0.018 16.6 3.38 0.0020 -0.0020 0.49
0.023 18.6 3.79 0.0023 -0.0023 0.55
0.033 22.1 4.51 0.0025 -0.0025 0.65
0.048 26.2 5.34 0.0026 -0.0026 0.77
0.069 28.1 5.71 0.0001 -0.0001 0.82
0.084 28.6 5.82 -0.0009 0.0009 0.84
0.093 28.5 5.80 -0.0016 0.0016 0.84
0.109 27.3 5.57 -0.0021 0.0021 0.80
0.148 26.5 5.39 -0.0033 0.0033 0.78
0.178 26.1 5.33 -0.0045 0.0045 0.77
0.198 26.3 5.35 -0.0050 0.0050 0.77
0.233 26.2 5.33 -0.0055 0.0055 0.77
0.263 26.6 5.41 -0.0057 0.0057 0.78
0.278 26.2 5.33 -0.0059 0.0059 0.77
0.313 26.2 5.35 -0.0063 0.0063 0.77
0.343 26.4 5.37 -0.0066 0.0066 0.77
0.368 26.8 5.46 -0.0071 0.0071 0.79
0.403 27.7 5.65 -0.0076 0.0076 0.81
0.448 27.4 5.59 -0.0081 0.0081 0.81
0.478 27.6 5.63 -0.0082 0.0082 0.81
0.502 27.8 5.66 -0.0082 0.0082 0.82
Tested By RPE Date 1/5/23 Input Checked By NJM Date 1/12/23
DIRECT SHEAR
ASTM D 3080-11



Tare ID 2805 3155
Weight of Dry Soil (g) 170.17 137.49 Machine Deflection (in) 0.0163
Moisture Content (%) 19 1
19.1 20 6
20.6
Vertical
0.000 0.0 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.00
0.005 13.5 2.74 0.0006 -0.0006 0.20
0.009 16.9 3.44 0.0017 -0.0017 0.25
0.014 19.9 4.06 0.0029 -0.0029 0.29
0.018 22.5 4.59 0.0033 -0.0033 0.33
0.024 25.2 5.14 0.0037 -0.0037 0.37
0.033 30.2 6.15 0.0044 -0.0044 0.44
0.048 36.6 7.45 0.0061 -0.0061 0.54
0.069 42.9 8.73 0.0080 -0.0080 0.63
0.094 47.2 9.61 0.0083 -0.0083 0.69
0.109 48.8 9.95 0.0082 -0.0082 0.72
0.128 51.1 10.40 0.0083 -0.0083 0.75
0.148 52.1 10.62 0.0083 -0.0083 0.76
0.163 52.7 10.74 0.0082 -0.0082 0.77
0.178 53.2 10.83 0.0078 -0.0078 0.78
0.198 53.3 10.87 0.0073 -0.0073 0.78
0.238 53.4 10.88 0.0058 -0.0058 0.78
0.278 52.8 10.75 0.0045 -0.0045 0.77
0.312 52.4 10.68 0.0039 -0.0039 0.77
0.342 51.9 10.58 0.0036 -0.0036 0.76
0.367 51.7 10.54 0.0032 -0.0032 0.76
0.403 51.5 10.49 0.0027 -0.0027 0.76
0.448 52.1 10.62 0.0016 -0.0016 0.76
0.478 51.8 10.55 0.0010 -0.0010 0.76
0.508 51.9 10.58 0.0005 -0.0005 0.76
DIRECT SHEAR
ASTM D 3080-11



Tare ID 2805 3001
Moisture Content ((%)) 19.1 21.0
Vertical
0.000 0.0 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.00
0.004 0.1 0.02 0.0000 0.0000 0.00
0.009 28.6 5.82 0.0021 -0.0021 0.21
0.014 35.1 7.15 0.0025 -0.0025 0.26
0.018 40.5 8.25 0.0028 -0.0028 0.30
0.023 45.8 9.33 0.0034 -0.0034 0.34
0.033 55.8 11.36 0.0048 -0.0048 0.41
0.048 67.3 13.71 0.0067 -0.0067 0.49
0.068 76.8 15.65 0.0074 -0.0074 0.56
0.083 82.4 16.79 0.0075 -0.0075 0.60
0.093 85.4 17.41 0.0075 -0.0075 0.63
0.108 87.7 17.87 0.0075 -0.0075 0.64
0.147 89.7 18.28 0.0076 -0.0076 0.66
0.178 90.5 18.45 0.0076 -0.0076 0.66
0.198 92.1 18.76 0.0079 -0.0079 0.68
0.233 92.7 18.88 0.0083 -0.0083 0.68
0.262 94.5 19.25 0.0087 -0.0087 0.69
0.277 94.4 19.23 0.0090 -0.0090 0.69
0.312 95.3 19.41 0.0093 -0.0093 0.70
0.342 96.6 19.69 0.0099 -0.0099 0.71
0.367 97.2 19.80 0.0103 -0.0103 0.71
0.402 97.7 19.91 0.0109 -0.0109 0.72
0.447 98.1 19.99 0.0129 -0.0129 0.72
0.477 99.0 20.17 0.0135 -0.0135 0.73
0.502 99.5 20.27 0.0139 -0.0139 0.73
DIRECT SHEAR
ASTM D 3080-11


7.89 (1) 6.94 Slope = 0.64

10.54 (2) 13.89 C = 2.78 psi
20.78 (3) 27.78 ) 32.4 degrees

1 7.89 6.94 Slope = 0.38

2 10.54 13.89 C = 5.24 psi
) 20.9 degrees

35
C = 5.24 psi
30
) = 20.9 O
25
Shear Stress (psi)
20
15
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Normal Stress (psi)

DIRECT SHEAR
ASTM D 3080-11


25.0
20.0
*Point3Peak takenat20.78psi,
samplehadasmallrockdragacross
1
3 shearplanetoaddaddtionalstrength
ontail*
15.0
s (psi)
Shear Stress
10.0
5.0
0.0
0.000 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500 0.600
6.94 psi 13.89 psi 27.78 psi

DIRECT SHEAR
ASTM D 3080-11



Tare ID 3208 3513
Moisture
o stu e Co
Content
te t (%) 23.4
3 23.2
3
Vertical
0.000 0.0 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.00
0.003 4.1 0.84 0.0000 0.0000 0.12
0.007 8.6 1.76 0.0008 -0.0008 0.25
0.012 12.3 2.51 0.0013 -0.0013 0.36
0.017 15.3 3.12 0.0018 -0.0018 0.45
0.022 17.5 3.57 0.0023 -0.0023 0.51
0.032 21.6 4.41 0.0028 -0.0028 0.63
0.046 26.3 5.35 0.0029 -0.0029 0.77
0.067 31.7 6.45 0.0028 -0.0028 0.93
0.081 34.5 7.02 0.0024 -0.0024 1.01
0.091 35.7 7.27 0.0019 -0.0019 1.05
0.106 37.0 7.55 0.0012 -0.0012 1.09
0.146 34.4 7.00 -0.0023 0.0023 1.01
0.176 33.6 6.84 -0.0045 0.0045 0.99
0.196 33.3 6.79 -0.0057 0.0057 0.98
0.231 33.2 6.76 -0.0071 0.0071 0.97
0.260 33.2 6.77 -0.0083 0.0083 0.97
0.275 33.6 6.85 -0.0091 0.0091 0.99
0.315 35.2 7.17 -0.0105 0.0105 1.03
0.345 35.8 7.29 -0.0119 0.0119 1.05
0.365 35.2 7.17 -0.0125 0.0125 1.03
0.405 36.6 7.47 -0.0136 0.0136 1.08
0.450 37.7 7.68 -0.0162 0.0162 1.11
0.479 38.3 7.79 -0.0169 0.0169 1.12
0.504 38.7 7.89 -0.0179 0.0179 1.14
DIRECT SHEAR
ASTM D 3080-11



Tare ID 3208 3244
23.4 23 2
23.2
Vertical
0.000 0.0 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.00
0.005 15.2 3.11 0.0005 -0.0005 0.22
0.005 15.2 3.11 0.0005 -0.0005 0.22
0.010 19.0 3.87 0.0014 -0.0014 0.28
0.019 24.6 5.00 0.0033 -0.0033 0.36
0.025 27.1 5.52 0.0040 -0.0040 0.40
0.034 32.0 6.52 0.0048 -0.0048 0.47
0.049 38.1 7.76 0.0054 -0.0054 0.56
0.069 45.1 9.18 0.0058 -0.0058 0.66
0.094 48.1 9.80 0.0058 -0.0058 0.71
0.110 49.1 10.00 0.0058 -0.0058 0.72
0.129 49.6 10.11 0.0057 -0.0057 0.73
0.149 49.5 10.09 0.0056 -0.0056 0.73
0.164 49.1 10.00 0.0056 -0.0056 0.72
0.179 49.1 10.01 0.0056 -0.0056 0.72
0.199 49.7 10.13 0.0055 -0.0055 0.73
0.239 49.9 10.16 0.0056 -0.0056 0.73
0.279 50.6 10.32 0.0056 -0.0056 0.74
0.313 50.9 10.37 0.0056 -0.0056 0.75
0.343 50.8 10.34 0.0057 -0.0057 0.74
0.368 51.0 10.40 0.0058 -0.0058 0.75
0.403 50.7 10.34 0.0058 -0.0058 0.74
0.448 51.8 10.54 0.0059 -0.0059 0.76
0.479 50.9 10.36 0.0058 -0.0058 0.75
0.509 50.4 10.26 0.0059 -0.0059 0.74
DIRECT SHEAR
ASTM D 3080-11



Tare ID 3208 3274
Vertical
0.000 0.0 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.00
0.003 16.9 3.45 0.0001 -0.0001 0.12
0.007 27.0 5.50 0.0009 -0.0009 0.20
0.012 33.9 6.91 0.0019 -0.0019 0.25
0.017 39.7 8.09 0.0029 -0.0029 0.29
0.022 45.0 9.16 0.0036 -0.0036 0.33
0.032 54.1 11.03 0.0053 -0.0053 0.40
0.046 64.8 13.20 0.0064 -0.0064 0.48
0.067 76.4 15.56 0.0088 -0.0088 0.56
0.081 83.1 16.93 0.0095 -0.0095 0.61
0.091 86.9 17.70 0.0099 -0.0099 0.64
0.106 91.5 18.64 0.0104 -0.0104 0.67
0.146 100.0 20.37 0.0112 -0.0112 0.73
0.176 102.0 20.78 0.0114 -0.0114 0.75
0.196 101.3 20.63 0.0109 -0.0109 0.74
0.231 101.9 20.76 0.0101 -0.0101 0.75
0.260 103.0 20.98 0.0098 -0.0098 0.76
0.275 103.8 21.14 0.0097 -0.0097 0.76
0.314 105.7 21.53 0.0095 -0.0095 0.77
0.345 105.7 21.54 0.0093 -0.0093 0.78
0.365 106.6 21.71 0.0093 -0.0093 0.78
0.404 108.9 22.19 0.0089 -0.0089 0.80
0.449 112.3 22.87 0.0087 -0.0087 0.82
0.479 113.8 23.19 0.0085 -0.0085 0.83
0.504 114.5 23.32 0.0085 -0.0085 0.84
DIRECT SHEAR
ASTM D 3080-11


7.57 (1) 6.94 Slope = 0.69

15.70 (2) 13.89 C = 4.11 psi
22.63 (3) 27.78 ) 34.6 degrees

1 7.57 6.94 Slope = 0.72

3 22.63 27.78 C = 2.56 psi
) 35.9 degrees

40
C = 2.56 psi
35
) = 35.9 O
30
Shear Stress (psi)
25
20
15
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Normal Stress (psi)

DIRECT SHEAR
ASTM D 3080-11


25.0
20.0
1
3
15.0
s (psi)
Shear Stress
10.0
5.0
0.0
0.000 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500 0.600
6.94 psi 13.89 psi 27.78 psi

DIRECT SHEAR
ASTM D 3080-11



Tare ID 3323 3236
Moisture
o stu e Co
Content
te t (%) 21.1 23.6
36
Vertical
0.000 0.0 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.00
0.003 5.8 1.17 0.0000 0.0000 0.17
0.007 10.9 2.22 0.0005 -0.0005 0.32
0.012 14.3 2.91 0.0007 -0.0007 0.42
0.017 17.7 3.60 0.0010 -0.0010 0.52
0.023 21.0 4.29 0.0013 -0.0013 0.62
0.032 25.9 5.28 0.0018 -0.0018 0.76
0.047 31.3 6.37 0.0006 -0.0006 0.92
0.067 35.3 7.20 -0.0019 0.0019 1.04
0.083 36.6 7.46 -0.0040 0.0040 1.08
0.093 36.7 7.47 -0.0050 0.0050 1.08
0.107 35.9 7.30 -0.0070 0.0070 1.05
0.147 35.0 7.14 -0.0102 0.0102 1.03
0.177 34.4 7.00 -0.0127 0.0127 1.01
0.197 34.3 6.98 -0.0139 0.0139 1.01
0.232 34.2 6.96 -0.0164 0.0164 1.00
0.262 34.1 6.96 -0.0184 0.0184 1.00
0.277 34.2 6.98 -0.0193 0.0193 1.01
0.312 34.8 7.08 -0.0218 0.0218 1.02
0.342 35.1 7.16 -0.0228 0.0228 1.03
0.367 35.3 7.20 -0.0246 0.0246 1.04
0.402 35.8 7.29 -0.0268 0.0268 1.05
0.447 36.3 7.40 -0.0300 0.0300 1.07
0.477 37.1 7.55 -0.0308 0.0308 1.09
0.501 37.2 7.57 -0.0325 0.0325 1.09
DIRECT SHEAR
ASTM D 3080-11



Tare ID 3323 3141
21.1 22 7
22.7
Vertical
0.000 0.0 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.00
0.002 5.8 1.18 0.0001 -0.0001 0.08
0.007 12.3 2.51 0.0004 -0.0004 0.18
0.012 17.2 3.50 0.0011 -0.0011 0.25
0.017 21.3 4.34 0.0017 -0.0017 0.31
0.023 25.3 5.15 0.0022 -0.0022 0.37
0.032 32.1 6.53 0.0031 -0.0031 0.47
0.047 40.6 8.27 0.0034 -0.0034 0.60
0.067 48.6 9.91 0.0022 -0.0022 0.71
0.093 55.1 11.23 0.0006 -0.0006 0.81
0.107 57.8 11.78 0.0000 0.0000 0.85
0.127 60.5 12.32 -0.0007 0.0007 0.89
0.147 62.9 12.81 -0.0012 0.0012 0.92
0.162 64.2 13.08 -0.0015 0.0015 0.94
0.178 65.7 13.39 -0.0020 0.0020 0.96
0.197 67.4 13.73 -0.0024 0.0024 0.99
0.237 70.3 14.32 -0.0032 0.0032 1.03
0.277 72.6 14.79 -0.0045 0.0045 1.06
0.312 74.5 15.17 -0.0050 0.0050 1.09
0.342 76.4 15.57 -0.0053 0.0053 1.12
0.367 77.1 15.70 -0.0055 0.0055 1.13
0.402 70.1 14.29 -0.0052 0.0052 1.03
0.447 69.2 14.11 -0.0054 0.0054 1.02
0.477 68.1 13.88 -0.0053 0.0053 1.00
0.507 67.4 13.72 -0.0054 0.0054 0.99
DIRECT SHEAR
ASTM D 3080-11



Tare ID 3323 2897
Vertical
0.000 0.0 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.00
0.002 6.8 1.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.05
0.007 16.3 3.32 0.0002 -0.0002 0.12
0.012 26.6 5.42 0.0011 -0.0011 0.20
0.017 32.8 6.67 0.0021 -0.0021 0.24
0.023 38.6 7.87 0.0030 -0.0030 0.28
0.032 49.6 10.11 0.0048 -0.0048 0.36
0.047 64.6 13.15 0.0065 -0.0065 0.47
0.067 80.4 16.37 0.0080 -0.0080 0.59
0.082 88.6 18.04 0.0084 -0.0084 0.65
0.092 93.7 19.10 0.0087 -0.0087 0.69
0.106 97.5 19.86 0.0088 -0.0088 0.71
0.147 106.0 21.60 0.0089 -0.0089 0.78
0.177 107.9 21.99 0.0088 -0.0088 0.79
0.196 108.1 22.02 0.0087 -0.0087 0.79
0.232 108.7 22.15 0.0086 -0.0086 0.80
0.262 109.2 22.24 0.0085 -0.0085 0.80
0.277 109.4 22.29 0.0085 -0.0085 0.80
0.311 109.7 22.36 0.0083 -0.0083 0.80
0.341 110.1 22.42 0.0082 -0.0082 0.81
0.367 110.2 22.46 0.0081 -0.0081 0.81
0.402 110.5 22.51 0.0082 -0.0082 0.81
0.447 110.9 22.60 0.0081 -0.0081 0.81
0.476 111.1 22.63 0.0080 -0.0080 0.81
0.501 110.9 22.60 0.0080 -0.0080 0.81
ONE DIMENSIONAL CONSOLIDATION
ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11

Client Project: Spring Lane Solar 40:2270 Depth (ft): 1.8-1.9
Lab ID: 2022-863-001-007 Visual Description: Light Brown Clay
Sample Conditions: Undisturbed, Inundated, Double Drained
0.70
0.68
0.66
0.64
0.62
Void Ratio
0.60
0.58
0.56
0.54
0.52
0.50
0.1 1 10 100
Log P (tsf)

page 1 of 18 DCN: CT-24E Date: 8/15/12 Revision: 2 GeoJac-16tsf.xlt
544 Braddock Avenue • East Pittsburgh, PA 15112 • 412/823-7600 • FAX 412/823-8999 • www.geotechnics.net
ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


Consolidometer No. G1424
1 Division = 0.0001 (in.)
Sample Properties Initial Final Test Data Summary
Water Content Applied Final Dial Machine Corrected Height of Volume Dry Void
Tare Number 3150 3098 Pressure Reading Deflection Reading Sample Density Ratio
Wt. of Tare & WS (g) 260.64 163.90 (tsf) (div) (div) (div) (mm) (cm3) (g/cm3)
Wt. of Tare & DS (g) 209.52 135.08
Wt. of Water (g) 51.12 28.82 Seating 0 0 0 25.400 80.440 1.57070 0.71898
Wt. of Tare (g) 8.08 8.09 0.25 234.6 27.6 207.0 24.874 78.775 1.60390 0.68340
Wt. of DS (g) 201.44 126.99 0.5 294.7 46.4 248.3 24.769 78.442 1.61070 0.67629
Water Content (%) 25.38 22.69 1 407.1 73.7 333.4 24.553 77.758 1.62487 0.66167
2 564.4 100.8 463.7 24.222 76.710 1.64707 0.63928
Sample Parameters 4 757.5 135.5 621.9 23.820 75.437 1.67487 0.61207
Sample Diameter (in) 2.5 2.5 1 657.8 104.6 553.2 23.995 75.990 1.66267 0.62389
Sample Height (in) 1.00 0.9356 0.25 540.4 76.7 463.8 24.222 76.709 1.64708 0.63926
Sample Volume (cm3) 80.44 75.26 0.5 556.8 85.0 471.9 24.201 76.644 1.64848 0.63787
Wt. of Wet Sample + Ring (g) 370.00 366.61 1 588.6 97.8 490.9 24.153 76.491 1.65178 0.63460
Wt. of Ring (g) 211.59 211.59 2 664.7 115.0 549.8 24.004 76.017 1.66207 0.62448
Wt. of Wet Sample (g) 158.41 155.02 4 786.9 136.4 650.5 23.748 75.207 1.67999 0.60716
Wet Density (pcf) 122.88 128.53 8 1008.9 167.2 841.6 23.262 73.670 1.71504 0.57431
Wet Density (g/cm3) 1.97 2.06 16 1328.0 218.9 1109.1 22.583 71.519 1.76663 0.52833
Water Content (%) 25.38 22.69 4 1162.8 163.2 999.6 22.861 72.399 1.74515 0.54715
Wt. of Dry Sample (g) 126.35 126.35 1 969.9 163.5 806.4 23.352 73.953 1.70847 0.58036
Dry Density (pcf) 98.01 104.75 0.25 806.6 163.1 643.5 23.765 75.263 1.67873 0.60836
Dry Density (g/cm3) 1.57 1.68
Void Ratio 0.7190 0.6084
Saturation (%) 95.30 100.72
Specific Gravity 2.70 Assumed
ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


0.0
Test Load (tsf) 0 - 0.25
Final Reading (div) 234.6
50.0
1 Division (in) 0.0001
Start Date 1/4/23

Dial Reading
100.0 Start Time 14:25:37
Elapsed Dial
150.0 Time Reading
(min) (div)
Initial 0.0
200.0 0.05 0.3
0.10 26.4
0.15 186.9
250.0 0.20 197.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 25
0.25 198 0
198.0
Square Root Time (min) 0.30 199.2
0.45 201.7
0.0
0.55 202.3
1.05 205.7
2.30 209.9
4.05 211.2
50.0
9.05 223.0
16.05 223.5
25.07 228.2
36.07 228.5
100.0
Dial Reading
49.07 228.7
64.07 230.6
81.07 231.2
100.07 231.0
150.0 121.07 231.5
144.07 231.7
180.07 234.4
300.08 234.1
200.0 520.08 235.6
700.08 234.7
720.12 234.6
250.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)
Tested By RPE Date 1/4/23 Checked By NJM Date 1/13/23

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


250.0
Test Load (tsf) 0.25 - 0.5
255.0 Final Reading (div) 294.7
260.0
265.0
Start Date 1/5/23
Dial Reading
270.0 Start Time 2:25:44

275.0
Elapsed Dial
280.0 Time Reading
(min) (div)
285.0
Initial 234.6
290.0 0.05 256.0
0.10 258.6
295.0
0.15 261.2
300.0 0.20 265.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 25
0.25 265 3
265.3
0.47 268.1
250.0
0.57 269.8
1.07 273.5
255.0
2.32 275.3
4.07 275.6
260.0
9.08 276.2
16.08 277.7
265.0
25.08 279.6
36.08 280.9
270.0
Dial Reading
49.08 282.0
64.08 282.5
275.0 81.08 282.5
100.08 283.4
280.0 121.08 283.5
144.08 284.1
285.0 180.08 285.5
300.10 288.4
290.0 520.10 292.9
700.08 294.8
295.0 720.20 294.7
300.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


320.0
Test Load (tsf) 0.5 - 1
340.0
350.0
Start Date 1/5/23
Dial Reading
360.0 Start Time 14:25:56

370.0
Elapsed Dial
380.0 Time Reading
(min) (div)
390.0
Initial 294.7
400.0 0.05 326.6
0.10 331.5
410.0
0.15 334.1
420.0 0.20 336.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 25
0.25 336 7
336.7
0.45 342.3
320.0
0.55 343.2
1.05 348.2
330.0
2.30 355.0
4.05 360.3
340.0
9.07 369.3
15.98 374.0
350.0
24.98 379.3
36.08 383.9
360.0
Dial Reading
49.00 391.2
64.03 393.2
370.0 81.05 395.5
100.10 398.0
380.0 120.97 400.2
143.97 402.1
390.0 180.07 404.3
300.17 405.6
400.0 519.97 407.5
699.87 407.5
410.0 720.12 407.1
420.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


420.0
Test Load (tsf) 1-2
440.0
460.0
480.0
Start Date 1/6/23
Dial Reading
Start Time 2:26:03

500.0
Elapsed Dial
520.0 Time Reading
(min) (div)
540.0 Initial 407.1
0.05 428.4
560.0 0.10 435.6
0.15 438.9
580.0 0.20 441.2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 25
0.25 442 9
442.9
0.47 447.7
420.0
0.57 450.5
1.07 458.8
440.0 2.32 471.5
4.07 481.0
9.15 489.5
460.0
16.38 505.8
25.37 516.9
480.0 35.87 528.5
Dial Reading
49.90 537.4
63.88 543.3
500.0 84.72 547.1
104.18 549.4
520.0
125.20 551.2
147.08 554.4
182.33 556.4
540.0 302.33 558.8
522.33 562.1
702.33 564.7
560.0
720.28 564.4
580.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


590.0
Test Load (tsf) 2-4
630.0 1 Division (in) 0.0001
650.0 Start Date 1/6/23

Dial Reading
Start Time 14:26:20

670.0
690.0 Elapsed Dial

Time Reading
710.0 (min) (div)
Initial 564.4
730.0
0.05 597.2
750.0
0.10 611.9
0.15 618.4
770.0 0.20 619.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 25
0.25 620 6
620.6
0.45 626.4
590.0
0.55 628.9
1.05 637.7
610.0 2.30 651.2
4.07 661.5
630.0 9.07 682.3
16.07 699.1
650.0
25.07 714.0
36.07 724.9
Dial Reading
49.07 733.9
670.0
64.07 738.1
81.07 741.0
690.0 100.07 742.4
121.07 744.9
710.0 144.07 746.5
180.07 747.6
300.07 749.8
730.0
520.07 755.2
700.08 757.2
750.0 720.08 757.5
770.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


650.0
Test Load (tsf) 4-1
670.0
680.0
Start Date 1/7/23
Dial Reading
690.0 Start Time 2:26:25

700.0
Elapsed Dial
710.0 Time Reading
(min) (div)
720.0
Initial 757.5
730.0 0.05 740.1
0.10 726.8
740.0
0.15 720.0
750.0 0.20 718.3
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 25
0.25 717 0
717.0
0.45 714.6
650.0
0.55 712.4
1.05 709.6
660.0
2.32 703.2
4.07 698.4
670.0
9.07 688.5
16.07 681.6
680.0
25.07 677.6
36.07 671.1
690.0
Dial Reading
49.07 668.8
64.07 667.5
700.0 81.07 666.1
100.07 665.1
710.0 121.07 663.8
144.07 662.6
720.0 180.07 660.6
300.08 659.6
730.0 520.08 658.6
700.08 657.5
740.0 720.12 657.8
750.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


520.0
540.0 Consolidometer No. G1424
560.0
Start Date 1/7/23
Dial Reading
580.0 Start Time 14:26:32
Elapsed Dial
600.0
Time Reading
(min) (div)
620.0
Initial 657.8
0.05 642.8
640.0 0.10 638.6
0.15 638.3
660.0 0.20 637.4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 25
0.25 636 7
636.7
0.45 634.2
520.0
0.55 632.6
1.05 628.7
2.30 623.4
540.0
4.05 619.6
9.05 611.4
560.0
16.07 600.7
25.07 591.9
36.07 585.5
Dial Reading
580.0 49.07 577.6

64.07 573.8
81.07 568.3
600.0 100.07 562.3
121.07 558.6
144.07 557.3
620.0 180.07 555.1
300.07 548.5
520.07 543.0
640.0 700.07 540.5
720.17 540.4
660.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


547.0
549.0
550.0
551.0 Start Date 1/8/23

Dial Reading
Start Time 2:26:42

552.0
553.0 Elapsed Dial

Time Reading
554.0
(min) (div)
555.0 Initial 540.4
556.0 0.05 548.8
0.10 548.7
557.0 0.15 548.6
558.0 0.20 548.8
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 27
0.27 548 7
548.7
0.47 548.7
547.0
0.57 548.4
548.0
1.07 549.1
2.32 549.7
549.0 4.07 550.8
9.07 551.4
550.0 16.07 552.1
25.07 552.4
551.0 36.08 552.8
Dial Reading
49.08 552.6
552.0 64.08 553.2
81.08 553.9
553.0 100.08 553.1
121.08 553.8
554.0
144.08 553.4
180.08 552.3
555.0
300.08 552.0
556.0
520.08 551.4
700.08 556.2
557.0 720.12 556.8
558.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


560.0
570.0 Start Date 1/8/23

Dial Reading
Start Time 14:26:49

575.0
Elapsed Dial
Time Reading
580.0 (min) (div)
Initial 556.8
0.05 563.3
585.0
0.10 566.6
0.15 567.2
590.0 0.20 567.9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 25
0.25 568 8
568.8
0.45 570.7
560.0
0.57 570.9
1.07 572.0
2.32 573.7
565.0 4.07 575.7
9.07 577.9
16.07 579.8
570.0
25.07 582.0
36.07 584.5
Dial Reading
49.07 585.0
64.08 587.0
575.0 81.08 587.6
100.08 587.2
121.08 587.5
580.0 144.08 587.5
180.08 588.0
300.08 588.3
520.08 589.0
585.0 700.08 588.8
720.12 588.6
590.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


600.0
Test Load (tsf) 1-2
620.0
Start Date 1/9/23
Dial Reading
630.0 Start Time 2:26:56
Elapsed Dial
640.0
Time Reading
(min) (div)
650.0
Initial 588.6
0.05 607.0
660.0 0.10 610.8
0.15 611.6
670.0 0.20 612.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 25
0.25 612 1
612.1
0.45 613.8
600.0
0.57 615.3
1.07 618.9
2.32 622.1
610.0
4.07 626.3
9.07 634.5
620.0
16.07 641.0
25.07 646.1
36.07 650.7
Dial Reading
630.0 49.07 652.4

64.07 654.1
81.07 654.3
640.0 100.07 655.0
121.07 656.1
144.07 656.5
650.0 180.07 657.0
300.07 658.7
520.07 662.8
660.0 700.07 664.7
720.02 664.7
670.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


660.0
Test Load (tsf) 2-4
700.0
Start Date 1/9/23
Dial Reading
720.0 Start Time 14:26:57
Elapsed Dial
740.0
Time Reading
(min) (div)
760.0
Initial 664.7
0.05 682.9
780.0 0.10 689.2
0.15 693.6
800.0 0.20 695.6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 25
0.25 696 4
696.4
0.47 700.1
660.0
0.57 701.2
1.07 705.8
2.32 713.1
680.0
4.07 719.9
9.07 736.8
700.0
16.07 744.3
25.07 752.5
36.07 759.1
Dial Reading
720.0 49.07 761.2

64.07 763.7
81.08 765.2
740.0 100.08 766.9
121.08 767.4
144.08 768.2
760.0 180.08 770.1
300.08 777.8
520.08 783.1
780.0 700.08 785.5
720.05 786.9
800.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


800.0
Test Load (tsf) 4-8
850.0
Start Date 1/10/23

Dial Reading
900.0 Start Time 2:27:00
Elapsed Dial
950.0 Time Reading
(min) (div)
Initial 786.9
1000.0 0.05 823.3
0.10 833.1
0.15 835.2
1050.0 0.20 838.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 25
0.25 837 9
837.9
0.45 845.3
800.0
0.55 846.0
1.05 854.7
2.30 868.1
4.07 887.6
850.0
9.07 911.7
16.07 936.4
25.07 956.9
36.07 972.5
900.0
Dial Reading
49.07 979.9
64.07 987.4
81.07 994.7
100.07 997.8
950.0 121.07 999.7
144.07 1001.5
180.07 1003.3
300.07 1005.7
1000.0 520.07 1007.6
700.08 1008.6
720.17 1008.9
1050.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


1050.0
Test Load (tsf) 8 - 16
1150.0 Start Date 1/10/23

Dial Reading
Start Time 14:27:10

1200.0
Elapsed Dial
Time Reading
1250.0 (min) (div)
Initial 1008.9
0.03 1053.3
1300.0
0.08 1074.9
0.13 1077.8
1350.0 0.18 1080.9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 23
0.23 1084 4
1084.4
0.45 1097.0
1050.0
0.55 1096.8
1.05 1103.8
2.30 1124.7
1100.0 4.05 1141.3
9.05 1179.5
16.05 1219.0
1150.0
25.05 1246.7
36.05 1268.7
Dial Reading
49.05 1279.0
64.05 1289.9
1200.0 81.05 1294.4
100.05 1300.4
121.05 1303.0
1250.0 144.05 1304.8
180.07 1309.3
300.07 1319.6
520.07 1324.8
1300.0 700.07 1327.9
720.43 1328.0
1350.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


1140.0
1160.0
1180.0
1200.0
Start Date 1/11/23
Dial Reading
Start Time 2:27:37

1220.0
Elapsed Dial
1240.0 Time Reading
(min) (div)
1260.0 Initial 1328.0
0.05 1275.2
1280.0 0.10 1256.2
0.15 1251.5
1300.0 0.20 1247.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 25
0.25 1245 2
1245.2
0.45 1239.6
1140.0
0.55 1237.6
1.05 1229.6
1160.0 2.30 1222.1
4.05 1215.9
9.07 1199.4
1180.0
16.07 1185.1
25.07 1178.3
1200.0 36.07 1174.2
Dial Reading
49.07 1168.4
64.07 1165.2
1220.0 81.07 1163.7
100.07 1163.5
1240.0
121.07 1163.9
144.07 1163.6
180.08 1163.3
1260.0 300.08 1162.2
520.08 1162.1
700.08 1162.7
1280.0
720.35 1162.8
1300.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D 2435-96 (SOP-S24A)


960.0
Test Load (tsf) 4-1
1000.0 1 Division (in) 0.0001
1020.0 Start Date 1/11/23

Dial Reading
Start Time 14:27:59

1040.0
1060.0 Elapsed Dial

Time Reading
1080.0 (min) (div)
Initial 1162.8
1100.0
0.05 1123.5
1120.0
0.10 1122.7
0.15 1119.6
1140.0 0.20 1118.3
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 25
0.25 1116 7
1116.7
0.45 1111.7
960.0
0.55 1110.6
1.05 1105.2
980.0 2.30 1098.7
4.05 1095.9
1000.0 9.07 1076.9
16.07 1060.9
1020.0
25.07 1042.2
36.07 1030.2
Dial Reading
49.07 1016.2
1040.0
64.07 1007.3
81.07 1003.3
1060.0 100.07 997.4
121.07 992.6
1080.0 144.07 985.0
180.07 980.9
300.07 976.8
1100.0
520.08 973.4
700.08 971.0
1120.0 720.13 969.9
1140.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


780.0
820.0
840.0
Start Date 1/12/23
Dial Reading
860.0 Start Time 2:28:08

880.0
Elapsed Dial
900.0 Time Reading
(min) (div)
920.0
Initial 969.9
940.0 0.05 953.6
0.10 953.0
960.0
0.15 952.6
980.0 0.20 951.9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 25
0.25 951 2
951.2
0.45 949.3
780.0
0.55 948.5
1.05 944.9
800.0
2.30 940.3
4.05 935.0
820.0
9.05 924.8
16.07 914.6
840.0
25.07 905.3
36.07 899.1
860.0
Dial Reading
49.07 887.9
64.07 873.6
880.0 81.07 863.1
100.07 854.9
900.0 121.07 848.5
144.07 843.1
920.0 180.07 834.2
300.07 820.3
940.0 520.07 811.1
700.07 807.1
960.0 720.45 807.2
729.10 806.4
980.0 729.13 806.6
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11

Lab ID: 2022-863-001-008 Visual Description: Brown Clay with Rocks
0.50
0.45
0.40
Void Ratio
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.1 1 10 100
Log P (tsf)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


Wt. of Tare & DS (g) 137.44 153.52
Wt. of Tare (g) 8.38 8.20 0.25 108.1 3.1 105.0 25.133 79.595 1.82438 0.47996
Wt. of DS (g) 129.06 145.32 0.5 159.2 10.2 149.1 25.021 79.241 1.83254 0.47336
Water Content (%) 15.65 15.14 1 232.1 22.3 209.8 24.867 78.752 1.84391 0.46428
2 331.3 42.0 289.3 24.665 78.113 1.85901 0.45239
Sample Height (in) 1.00 0.9393 0.25 328.7 9.6 319.1 24.589 77.873 1.86473 0.44793
Sample Volume (cm3) 80.44 75.55 0.5 346.1 14.9 331.1 24.559 77.776 1.86705 0.44613
Wt. of Ring (g) 214.45 214.45 2 413.6 43.9 369.8 24.461 77.465 1.87454 0.44035
Wt. of Wet Sample (g) 167.94 167.20 4 520.0 66.3 453.7 24.248 76.790 1.89102 0.42780
Wet Density (pcf) 130.28 138.09 8 688.0 108.7 579.3 23.929 75.780 1.91624 0.40901
Wet Density (g/cm3) 2.09 2.21 16 977.9 166.1 811.7 23.338 73.910 1.96470 0.37426
Water Content (%) 15.65 15.14 4 829.0 87.1 741.9 23.516 74.472 1.94988 0.38470
Wt. of Dry Sample (g) 145.21 145.21 1 707.3 44.1 663.2 23.715 75.105 1.93346 0.39646
Dry Density (pcf) 112.65 119.93 0.25 624.5 17.0 607.5 23.857 75.553 1.92198 0.40480
Void Ratio 0.4957 0.4048
Saturation (%) 85.26 100.98
ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


0.0
40.0 Start Date 1/4/23

Dial Reading
Start Time 15:01:20

60.0
Elapsed Dial
Time Reading
80.0 (min) (div)
Initial 0.0
0.10 11.5
100.0
0.20 56.5
0.25 59.8
120.0 0.30 63.3
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 66 4
66.4
0.60 73.7
0.0
1.10 78.6
2.35 84.3
4.10 86.1
20.0 9.10 88.2
16.10 89.2
25.10 90.6
40.0
36.10 91.7
49.10 92.8
Dial Reading
64.10 94.7
81.12 95.4
60.0 100.12 95.2
121.12 96.5
144.12 96.9
80.0 180.12 97.2
300.12 97.7
520.12 107.0
700.13 107.8
100.0 720.20 108.1
120.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


125.0
130.0
135.0
140.0
Start Date 1/5/23
Dial Reading
Start Time 3:01:32

145.0
Elapsed Dial
150.0 Time Reading
(min) (div)
155.0 Initial 108.1
0.10 129.6
160.0 0.20 134.3
0.27 134.2
165.0 0.32 136.6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 37
0.37 138 6
138.6
0.62 142.2
125.0
1.12 146.3
2.37 149.5
130.0 4.12 150.9
9.12 152.4
16.12 153.8
135.0
25.13 154.3
36.13 154.2
140.0 49.13 154.9
Dial Reading
64.13 155.1
81.13 156.1
145.0 100.15 156.3
121.15 157.2
150.0
144.15 156.8
180.15 157.4
300.15 158.6
155.0 520.15 158.9
700.10 158.8
720.07 159.2
160.0
165.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


190.0
200.0 1 Division (in) 0.0001
205.0 Start Date 1/5/23

Dial Reading
Start Time 15:01:36

210.0
215.0 Elapsed Dial

Time Reading
220.0 (min) (div)
Initial 159.2
225.0
0.10 193.7
230.0
0.20 203.0
0.25 204.0
235.0 0.30 204.9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 206 4
206.4
0.60 209.2
190.0
1.10 214.6
2.35 218.2
195.0 4.12 219.9
9.12 222.4
200.0 16.02 224.1
25.02 225.1
205.0
36.13 226.0
49.02 226.8
Dial Reading
64.12 227.2
210.0
81.05 228.4
100.00 228.3
215.0 121.00 228.7
144.10 229.9
220.0 180.07 230.5
300.08 231.3
520.38 231.9
225.0
700.73 232.2
720.18 232.1
230.0
235.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


280.0
Test Load (tsf) 1-2
300.0 Start Date 1/6/23

Dial Reading
Start Time 3:01:47

310.0
Elapsed Dial
Time Reading
320.0 (min) (div)
Initial 232.1
0.10 284.1
330.0
0.20 293.8
0.25 295.5
340.0 0.30 297.9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 297 5
297.5
0.60 303.3
280.0
1.10 308.8
2.35 313.1
4.10 314.8
290.0 9.63 316.7
17.13 318.3
25.82 319.1
300.0
36.02 319.8
53.42 320.3
Dial Reading
68.42 320.5
85.43 321.1
310.0 103.32 321.7
123.55 322.0
146.57 322.4
320.0 182.57 322.9
302.57 324.7
522.57 327.3
702.57 331.5
330.0 720.37 331.3
340.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


410.0
Test Load (tsf) 2-4
430.0
Start Date 1/6/23
Dial Reading
440.0 Start Time 15:02:09
Elapsed Dial
450.0
Time Reading
(min) (div)
460.0
Initial 331.3
0.08 415.8
470.0 0.18 427.7
0.23 431.8
480.0 0.28 434.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 436 2
436.2
0.60 443.3
410.0
1.10 448.8
2.35 453.5
4.12 456.3
420.0
9.12 460.5
16.12 462.3
430.0
25.12 463.7
36.12 465.3
49.12 465.7
Dial Reading
440.0 64.12 466.4

81.12 466.9
100.12 467.2
450.0 121.13 468.0
144.13 468.1
180.13 468.7
460.0 300.13 470.5
520.13 472.5
700.13 473.7
470.0 720.15 474.0
480.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


395.0
Test Load (tsf) 4-1
400.0
Start Date 1/7/23

Dial Reading
405.0 Start Time 3:02:19
Elapsed Dial
410.0 Time Reading
(min) (div)
Initial 474.0
415.0 0.10 418.8
0.20 414.5
0.25 413.4
420.0 0.30 412.4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 412 1
412.1
0.60 410.6
395.0
1.10 410.0
2.35 408.3
4.12 407.2
9.12 406.1
400.0
16.12 405.8
25.12 404.9
36.12 404.5
49.12 404.2
405.0
Dial Reading
64.12 403.9
81.12 403.8
100.12 403.2
121.12 402.7
410.0 144.12 401.6
180.13 401.6
300.13 400.4
520.13 400.3
415.0 700.13 400.2
720.07 400.0
420.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


326.0
330.0
332.0
334.0 Start Date 1/7/23

Dial Reading
Start Time 15:02:23

336.0
338.0 Elapsed Dial

Time Reading
340.0
(min) (div)
342.0 Initial 400.0
344.0 0.10 345.8
0.20 345.8
346.0 0.25 346.2
348.0 0.30 345.9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 345 8
345.8
0.62 345.0
326.0
1.12 344.2
328.0
2.37 343.0
4.12 342.0
330.0 9.12 339.7
16.12 338.8
332.0 25.12 338.6
36.12 337.5
334.0 49.12 336.7
Dial Reading
64.12 336.8
336.0 81.12 336.2
100.12 335.6
338.0 121.12 334.5
144.12 334.2
340.0
180.12 333.9
300.12 331.5
342.0
520.12 329.6
344.0
700.12 328.9
720.45 328.7
346.0
348.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


336.0
340.0 Start Date 1/8/23

Dial Reading
Start Time 3:02:50

342.0
Elapsed Dial
Time Reading
344.0 (min) (div)
Initial 328.7
0.08 336.7
346.0
0.18 346.4
0.23 339.7
348.0 0.28 339.7
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 33
0.33 344 4
344.4
0.58 344.8
336.0
1.08 344.8
2.35 344.9
4.10 344.7
338.0 9.10 344.9
16.10 345.0
25.10 345.0
340.0
36.10 344.4
49.10 344.8
Dial Reading
64.10 345.0
81.10 344.8
342.0 100.10 345.1
121.10 344.9
144.10 345.4
344.0 180.10 345.1
300.10 344.4
520.12 343.7
700.12 346.0
346.0 720.15 346.1
348.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


378.0
379.0
Start Date 1/8/23
Dial Reading
379.5 Start Time 15:03:00
Elapsed Dial
380.0
Time Reading
(min) (div)
380.5
Initial 346.1
0.10 381.4
381.0 0.20 379.6
0.25 380.2
381.5 0.30 380.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 380 2
380.2
0.60 380.5
378.0
1.10 380.4
2.37 378.7
4.12 378.5
378.5
9.12 378.6
16.12 378.4
379.0
25.12 378.4
36.12 378.5
49.12 378.6
Dial Reading
379.5 64.12 378.8

81.12 379.1
100.12 379.0
380.0 121.12 378.7
144.12 379.3
180.12 379.1
380.5 300.13 379.3
520.13 379.3
700.13 379.4
381.0 720.07 379.5
381.5
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


402.0
Test Load (tsf) 1-2
406.0
Start Date 1/9/23
Dial Reading
408.0 Start Time 3:03:04
Elapsed Dial
410.0
Time Reading
(min) (div)
412.0
Initial 379.5
0.10 404.9
414.0 0.20 404.8
0.25 404.1
416.0 0.30 404.7
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 404 8
404.8
0.62 404.7
402.0
1.12 405.4
2.37 406.3
4.12 406.6
404.0
9.12 406.3
16.12 406.5
406.0
25.12 407.8
36.12 408.2
49.12 407.8
Dial Reading
408.0 64.12 408.0

81.12 408.1
100.12 408.1
410.0 121.12 407.9
144.12 408.4
180.12 408.4
412.0 300.12 409.7
520.13 413.2
700.13 413.7
414.0 720.18 413.6
416.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


506.0
Test Load (tsf) 2-4
508.0
510.0
512.0
Start Date 1/9/23
Dial Reading
Start Time 15:03:15

514.0
Elapsed Dial
516.0 Time Reading
(min) (div)
518.0 Initial 413.6
0.10 508.7
520.0 0.20 508.4
0.25 508.6
522.0 0.30 508.6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 508 6
508.6
0.60 509.0
506.0
1.10 509.2
2.35 510.0
508.0 4.10 510.2
9.10 511.0
16.12 511.5
510.0
25.12 512.1
36.12 512.5
512.0 49.12 512.1
Dial Reading
64.12 512.5
81.12 512.9
514.0 100.12 513.7
121.12 513.8
516.0
144.12 514.2
180.12 515.4
300.12 518.4
518.0 520.13 519.5
700.13 519.4
720.50 520.0
520.0
522.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


610.0
Test Load (tsf) 4-8
630.0 1 Division (in) 0.0001
640.0 Start Date 1/10/23

Dial Reading
Start Time 3:03:45

650.0
660.0 Elapsed Dial

Time Reading
670.0 (min) (div)
Initial 520.0
680.0
0.10 620.4
690.0
0.20 633.3
0.25 635.4
700.0 0.30 639.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 643 4
643.4
0.60 650.9
610.0
1.10 657.4
2.35 662.7
620.0 4.10 665.8
9.10 669.8
630.0 16.10 673.3
25.10 675.7
640.0
36.12 677.3
49.12 678.2
Dial Reading
64.12 679.5
650.0
81.12 679.6
100.12 681.4
660.0 121.12 682.0
144.12 682.3
670.0 180.12 682.5
300.12 685.0
520.12 687.6
680.0
700.12 687.7
720.02 688.0
690.0
700.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


840.0
860.0
880.0
900.0
Start Date 1/10/23
Dial Reading
Start Time 15:03:46

920.0
Elapsed Dial
940.0 Time Reading
(min) (div)
960.0 Initial 688.0
0.08 862.3
980.0 0.20 891.5
0.25 898.9
1000.0 0.30 899.9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 904 7
904.7
0.60 916.1
840.0
1.10 925.1
2.35 935.6
860.0 4.10 941.0
9.12 945.8
16.12 952.0
880.0
25.12 957.0
36.12 960.4
900.0 49.12 961.1
Dial Reading
64.12 962.6
81.12 963.9
920.0 100.12 964.2
121.12 966.1
940.0
144.12 967.0
180.12 968.3
300.12 973.8
960.0 520.12 975.0
700.12 978.1
720.27 977.9
980.0
1000.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


820.0
825.0
830.0
835.0
Start Date 1/11/23
Dial Reading
Start Time 3:04:03

840.0
Elapsed Dial
845.0 Time Reading
(min) (div)
850.0 Initial 977.9
0.10 854.1
855.0 0.20 850.0
0.25 848.7
860.0 0.30 848.6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 846 8
846.8
0.60 844.5
820.0
1.10 841.6
2.35 838.4
825.0 4.12 836.5
9.12 832.8
16.12 830.5
830.0
25.12 830.0
36.12 828.9
835.0 49.12 828.3
Dial Reading
64.12 827.9
81.12 826.9
840.0 100.12 826.7
121.12 826.5
845.0
144.12 826.8
180.12 825.5
300.12 825.3
850.0 520.12 829.2
700.12 828.9
720.37 829.0
855.0
860.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)



705.0
Test Load (tsf) 4-1
715.0
720.0
Start Date 1/11/23
Dial Reading
725.0 Start Time 15:04:25

730.0
Elapsed Dial
735.0 Time Reading
(min) (div)
740.0
Initial 829.0
745.0 0.10 749.4
0.20 737.4
750.0
0.25 737.1
755.0 0.30 736.8
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 737 0
737.0
0.62 733.3
705.0
1.12 730.4
2.37 726.3
710.0
4.12 717.8
9.12 715.6
715.0
16.12 714.7
25.12 714.3
720.0
36.12 713.8
49.12 712.1
725.0
Dial Reading
64.12 711.2
81.12 709.9
730.0 100.13 709.8
121.13 710.8
735.0 144.13 710.2
180.13 709.1
740.0 300.13 709.8
520.13 708.1
745.0 700.13 708.0
720.38 707.3
750.0
755.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


620.0
640.0 Start Date 1/12/23

Dial Reading
Start Time 3:04:48

650.0
Elapsed Dial
Time Reading
660.0 (min) (div)
Initial 707.3
0.10 675.4
670.0
0.20 669.0
0.25 667.2
680.0 0.30 666.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 665 1
665.1
0.60 661.4
620.0
1.10 659.0
2.35 653.0
4.10 647.4
630.0 9.10 642.9
16.10 639.2
25.10 637.4
640.0
36.12 634.8
49.12 634.3
Dial Reading
64.12 632.5
81.12 631.6
650.0 100.12 631.2
121.12 631.3
144.12 630.2
660.0 180.12 629.5
300.12 628.6
520.12 625.1
700.12 624.0
670.0 721.58 624.5
680.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11

Lab ID: 2022-863-001-009 Visual Description: Brown Sandy Clay
0.53
0.51
0.49
0.47
0.45
Void Ratio
0.43
0.41
0.39
0.37
0.35
0.1 1 10 100
Log P (tsf)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


Wt. of Tare & DS (g) 141.35 147.57
Wt. of Tare (g) 8.06 8.36 0.25 245.8 9.5 236.3 24.800 78.539 1.79428 0.50478
Wt. of DS (g) 133.29 139.21 0.5 338.7 19.4 319.3 24.589 77.871 1.80966 0.49199
Water Content (%) 17.68 14.95 1 445.3 30.7 414.6 24.347 77.104 1.82766 0.47730
2 567.8 44.6 523.3 24.071 76.231 1.84861 0.46056
Sample Height (in) 1.00 0.9159 0.25 605.3 20.2 585.1 23.914 75.734 1.86074 0.45104
Sample Volume (cm3) 80.44 73.67 0.5 616.1 23.0 593.0 23.894 75.669 1.86232 0.44981
Wt. of Ring (g) 214.35 214.35 2 684.9 45.3 639.6 23.775 75.295 1.87159 0.44262
Wt. of Wet Sample (g) 165.84 161.99 4 755.5 73.2 682.2 23.667 74.952 1.88015 0.43606
Wet Density (pcf) 128.65 137.20 8 926.9 106.4 820.5 23.316 73.840 1.90846 0.41475
Wet Density (g/cm3) 2.06 2.20 16 1156.0 143.8 1012.3 22.829 72.297 1.94919 0.38519
Water Content (%) 17.68 14.95 4 1043.6 83.5 960.1 22.961 72.717 1.93794 0.39323
Wt. of Dry Sample (g) 140.92 140.92 1 949.5 42.0 907.5 23.095 73.140 1.92672 0.40134
Dry Density (pcf) 109.32 119.36 0.25 865.8 24.5 841.3 23.263 73.672 1.91280 0.41154
Void Ratio 0.5412 0.4115
Saturation (%) 88.22 98.07
ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


0.0
100.0 Start Date 1/12/23

Dial Reading
Start Time 14:47:39

150.0
Elapsed Dial
Time Reading
200.0 (min) (div)
Initial 0.0
0.10 9.7
250.0
0.20 29.9
0.25 35.6
300.0 0.30 37.2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 39 8
39.8
0.62 47.0
0.0
1.12 60.1
2.37 74.6
4.12 94.8
50.0 9.12 133.6
16.12 164.7
25.12 184.3
100.0
36.12 203.3
49.12 216.5
Dial Reading
64.12 230.7
81.12 236.1
150.0 100.12 236.9
121.12 238.5
144.12 239.2
200.0 180.13 240.6
300.13 243.1
520.13 245.4
700.13 245.8
250.0 720.15 245.8
300.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


260.0
280.0 1 Division (in) 0.0001
290.0 Start Date 1/13/23

Dial Reading
Start Time 2:47:48

300.0
310.0 Elapsed Dial

Time Reading
320.0 (min) (div)
Initial 245.8
330.0
0.10 265.8
340.0
0.20 268.4
0.25 270.3
350.0 0.30 271.3
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 272 4
272.4
0.60 276.3
260.0
1.10 278.8
2.35 284.7
270.0 4.10 290.0
9.10 302.7
280.0 16.10 308.5
25.10 314.0
290.0
36.10 319.0
49.12 327.5
Dial Reading
64.12 328.7
300.0
81.12 331.4
100.12 331.4
310.0 121.12 333.1
144.12 333.4
320.0 180.12 333.5
300.12 337.7
520.12 338.2
330.0
700.12 339.0
720.23 338.7
340.0
350.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


360.0
380.0 1 Division (in) 0.0001
390.0 Start Date 1/13/23

Dial Reading
Start Time 14:48:02

400.0
410.0 Elapsed Dial

Time Reading
420.0 (min) (div)
Initial 338.7
430.0
0.10 362.5
440.0
0.20 367.0
0.25 368.5
450.0 0.30 370.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 370 9
370.9
0.62 372.2
360.0
1.12 378.3
2.37 390.7
370.0 4.12 399.6
9.12 413.1
380.0 16.12 420.8
25.12 426.4
390.0
36.12 429.7
49.12 432.9
Dial Reading
64.12 434.6
400.0
81.12 435.5
100.12 436.0
410.0 121.12 437.7
144.12 438.6
420.0 180.12 439.5
300.12 441.7
520.12 445.4
430.0
700.13 445.3
720.25 445.3
440.0
450.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


480.0
Test Load (tsf) 1-2
500.0
510.0
Start Date 1/14/23
Dial Reading
520.0 Start Time 2:48:17

530.0
Elapsed Dial
540.0 Time Reading
(min) (div)
550.0
Initial 445.3
560.0 0.10 488.0
0.20 491.6
570.0
0.25 492.5
580.0 0.30 494.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 495 7
495.7
0.62 499.7
480.0
1.12 510.8
2.37 523.3
490.0
4.12 535.3
9.12 547.7
500.0
16.12 553.1
25.12 555.4
510.0
36.12 557.5
49.12 559.0
520.0
Dial Reading
64.12 560.1
81.12 560.7
530.0 100.12 561.5
121.12 562.2
540.0 144.13 563.3
180.13 563.4
550.0 300.13 564.3
520.13 566.1
560.0 700.13 567.7
720.25 567.8
570.0
580.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


620.0
Test Load (tsf) 2-4
660.0 Start Date 1/14/23

Dial Reading
Start Time 14:48:32

680.0
Elapsed Dial
Time Reading
700.0 (min) (div)
Initial 567.8
0.10 629.8
720.0
0.20 642.9
0.25 645.0
740.0 0.32 646.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 37
0.37 648 9
648.9
0.62 653.5
620.0
1.12 663.6
2.37 680.6
4.12 691.3
640.0 9.12 705.0
16.12 710.7
25.12 712.9
660.0
36.12 714.5
49.12 715.1
Dial Reading
64.12 716.5
81.12 718.1
680.0 100.12 719.7
121.12 719.8
144.13 720.2
700.0 180.13 720.7
300.13 722.3
520.13 724.1
700.13 725.7
720.0 720.40 725.6
740.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


650.0
Test Load (tsf) 4-1
660.0 Start Date 1/15/23

Dial Reading
Start Time 2:48:56

665.0
Elapsed Dial
Time Reading
670.0 (min) (div)
Initial 725.6
0.10 677.5
675.0
0.20 676.5
0.25 675.1
680.0 0.30 674.4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 673 3
673.3
0.62 670.5
650.0
1.12 669.1
2.37 666.8
4.12 665.4
655.0 9.12 663.0
16.12 662.3
25.12 662.0
660.0
36.12 661.6
49.12 661.5
Dial Reading
64.12 661.4
81.12 661.2
665.0 100.12 660.9
121.13 660.2
144.13 659.6
670.0 180.13 659.7
300.13 655.6
520.13 654.9
700.13 655.2
675.0 720.25 655.2
680.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


600.0
605.0
610.0
615.0
Start Date 1/15/23
Dial Reading
Start Time 14:49:12

620.0
Elapsed Dial
625.0 Time Reading
(min) (div)
630.0 Initial 655.2
0.10 636.8
635.0 0.20 627.9
0.25 625.6
640.0 0.30 624.8
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 623 0
623.0
0.60 620.2
600.0
1.10 618.4
2.35 616.3
605.0 4.10 615.2
9.10 614.1
16.10 613.1
610.0
25.10 612.7
36.10 612.7
615.0 49.10 611.9
Dial Reading
64.10 611.5
81.12 611.0
620.0 100.12 610.9
121.12 610.0
625.0
144.12 610.3
180.12 609.5
300.12 608.4
630.0 520.12 607.5
700.12 607.6
720.30 605.3
635.0
640.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


612.0
613.0
613.5
Start Date 1/16/23
Dial Reading
614.0 Start Time 2:49:30

614.5
Elapsed Dial
615.0 Time Reading
(min) (div)
615.5
Initial 605.3
616.0 0.10 612.5
0.20 612.8
616.5
0.27 612.7
617.0 0.32 612.8
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 37
0.37 612 9
612.9
0.62 613.5
612.0
1.12 613.7
2.37 613.4
612.5
4.12 613.9
9.12 614.2
613.0
16.12 614.5
25.12 614.8
613.5
36.12 614.8
49.13 614.6
614.0
Dial Reading
64.13 614.7
81.13 614.8
614.5 100.13 614.8
121.13 615.1
615.0 144.13 614.7
180.13 615.0
615.5 300.13 614.5
520.15 616.2
616.0 700.15 616.4
720.38 616.1
616.5
617.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


624.0
628.0
630.0
632.0 Start Date 1/16/23

Dial Reading
Start Time 14:49:53

634.0
636.0 Elapsed Dial

Time Reading
638.0
(min) (div)
640.0 Initial 616.1
642.0 0.10 626.1
0.20 628.2
644.0 0.25 629.7
646.0 0.30 629.3
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 629 5
629.5
0.62 631.9
624.0
1.12 633.4
626.0
2.37 634.6
4.12 635.4
628.0 9.12 636.1
16.12 637.1
630.0 25.12 637.3
36.12 638.1
632.0 49.12 638.6
Dial Reading
64.12 639.4
634.0 81.12 639.4
100.12 639.0
636.0 121.12 640.0
144.12 639.9
638.0
180.12 639.8
300.12 643.2
640.0
520.12 644.0
642.0
700.12 643.8
720.25 644.2
644.0
646.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


678.0
Test Load (tsf) 1-2
679.0
680.0
681.0
Start Date 1/17/23
Dial Reading
Start Time 2:50:09

682.0
Elapsed Dial
683.0 Time Reading
(min) (div)
684.0 Initial 644.2
0.10 679.5
685.0 0.20 678.7
0.25 678.8
686.0 0.30 678.9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 678 8
678.8
0.60 678.7
678.0
1.10 679.0
2.35 679.0
679.0 4.10 679.6
9.10 680.4
16.10 681.0
680.0
25.10 681.3
36.12 681.1
681.0 49.12 682.0
Dial Reading
64.12 682.4
81.12 682.0
682.0 100.12 682.1
121.12 682.5
683.0
144.12 682.2
180.12 682.7
300.12 682.7
684.0 520.12 683.4
700.12 684.8
720.30 684.9
685.0
686.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


715.0
Test Load (tsf) 2-4
725.0 1 Division (in) 0.0001
730.0 Start Date 1/17/23

Dial Reading
Start Time 14:50:28

735.0
740.0 Elapsed Dial

Time Reading
745.0 (min) (div)
Initial 684.9
750.0
0.10 718.7
755.0
0.20 721.7
0.25 723.3
760.0 0.30 724.4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 724 8
724.8
0.60 726.2
715.0
1.10 731.1
2.35 734.7
720.0 4.10 737.1
9.10 739.3
725.0 16.10 740.9
25.10 741.7
730.0
36.10 742.4
49.10 743.0
Dial Reading
64.10 743.9
735.0
81.10 744.5
100.10 745.0
740.0 121.10 745.9
144.10 748.1
745.0 180.10 749.6
300.10 751.9
520.10 755.2
750.0
700.10 755.3
720.30 755.5
755.0
760.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


820.0
Test Load (tsf) 4-8
860.0 Start Date 1/18/23

Dial Reading
Start Time 2:50:46

880.0
Elapsed Dial
Time Reading
900.0 (min) (div)
Initial 755.5
0.10 832.8
920.0
0.20 838.7
0.25 843.6
940.0 0.32 846.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 37
0.37 849 6
849.6
0.62 862.5
820.0
1.12 870.5
2.37 885.1
4.12 894.1
840.0 9.12 904.8
16.12 907.5
25.12 909.1
860.0
36.12 910.2
49.12 911.4
Dial Reading
64.12 912.1
81.12 912.7
880.0 100.12 913.3
121.12 913.4
144.12 916.4
900.0 180.12 917.3
300.12 922.4
520.12 926.4
700.12 926.9
920.0 720.33 926.9
940.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


1020.0
1060.0
Start Date 1/18/23
Dial Reading
1080.0 Start Time 14:51:06
Elapsed Dial
1100.0
Time Reading
(min) (div)
1120.0
Initial 926.9
0.10 1036.5
1140.0 0.20 1048.5
0.25 1053.8
1160.0 0.30 1059.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35
0.35 1067 2
1067.2
0.60 1074.6
1020.0
1.10 1090.9
2.35 1107.1
4.10 1117.3
1040.0
9.10 1127.1
16.10 1132.3
1060.0
25.10 1133.4
36.10 1136.1
49.10 1138.3
Dial Reading
1080.0 64.12 1140.8

81.12 1143.9
100.12 1143.9
1100.0 121.12 1146.1
144.12 1147.3
180.12 1149.2
1120.0 300.12 1153.1
520.12 1155.4
700.12 1156.1
1140.0 720.43 1156.0
1160.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


1040.0
1050.0
Start Date 1/19/23
Dial Reading
1055.0 Start Time 2:51:32
Elapsed Dial
1060.0
Time Reading
(min) (div)
1065.0
Initial 1156.0
0.10 1070.1
1070.0 0.20 1066.6
0.25 1062.2
1075.0 0.30 1062.2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 37
0.37 1062 3
1062.3
0.62 1060.4
1040.0
1.12 1058.0
2.37 1055.8
4.12 1054.5
1045.0
9.12 1052.4
16.12 1051.8
1050.0
25.12 1050.8
36.12 1050.3
49.12 1049.8
Dial Reading
1055.0 64.12 1049.6

81.12 1048.6
100.13 1047.5
1060.0 121.13 1046.2
144.13 1044.8
180.13 1044.7
1065.0 300.13 1044.8
520.13 1044.5
700.13 1044.0
1070.0 720.12 1043.6
1075.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)



945.0
Test Load (tsf) 4-1
955.0 1 Division (in) 0.0001
960.0 Start Date 1/19/23

Dial Reading
Start Time 14:51:39

965.0
970.0 Elapsed Dial

Time Reading
975.0 (min) (div)
Initial 1043.6
980.0
0.10 983.6
985.0
0.20 977.0
0.25 975.6
990.0 0.32 975.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 37
0.37 974 2
974.2
0.62 971.4
945.0
1.12 968.2
2.37 964.9
950.0 4.12 961.7
9.12 959.3
955.0 16.12 956.5
25.12 955.2
960.0
36.12 953.0
49.12 952.5
Dial Reading
64.12 951.8
965.0
81.12 951.6
100.12 951.6
970.0 121.13 951.3
144.13 951.1
975.0 180.13 951.1
300.13 950.8
520.13 950.0
980.0
700.13 949.7
720.37 949.5
985.0
990.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11


860.0
880.0
Start Date 1/20/23
Dial Reading
890.0 Start Time 2:52:01
Elapsed Dial
900.0
Time Reading
(min) (div)
910.0
Initial 949.5
0.10 920.9
920.0 0.20 916.8
0.25 915.1
930.0 0.30 912.8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 35
0.35 911 8
911.8
0.60 909.8
860.0
1.10 907.8
2.35 904.9
4.10 900.8
870.0
9.10 893.5
16.10 889.4
880.0
25.10 887.4
36.12 885.7
49.12 883.6
Dial Reading
890.0 64.12 881.5

81.12 879.4
100.12 878.7
900.0 121.12 877.8
144.12 876.8
180.12 875.8
910.0 300.12 874.9
520.12 870.6
700.12 868.7
920.0 960.12 868.0
1440.13 867.4
1680.13 867.5
930.0 1920.13 866.9
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 2160.13 866.1
Log Time (min) 2400.13 866.2
2640.13 865.8

Conti Testing Laboratories, Inc.
PO Box 174, 3190 Industrial Blvd
Bethel Park, PA 15102
412-833-7766 (o), 412-854-0373 (f)
contilab@contitesting.com
PA DEP Reg 02-00869,EPA PA01711,WDBE 12013,WBENC 2005128964,ISO/IEC 17025:2017-97677
ECS Mid Atlantic received: 1/18/2023

100 East Kensinger Drive sample by: client
Suite 300
Cranberry Twp.,PA 16066
Attn: Ms. Jessica Maier, Mr. Michael Krepsick
412-385-2957 (o), 412-742-1270 (m)
jmaier@ecslimite MKrepsik@ecslimited.com
PROJECT 40.2270 Spring Lane Solar
DRY
Total Forms of Sulfur
wt. lbs CTL Sulfur Pyritic Organic Sulfate
received ID Sample ID (wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%)
281.0g 302236 B-05 S-5 8-10' 1/18/23 0.57 0.42 0.14 0.01
372.0g 302237 B-08 S-5 8-10' 1/18/23 0.08 --- --- ---
Approved by: P.Conti Otroba,Chemist

Laboratory Director
100 E. Kensinger Drive, Suite 300 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF INTACT
Cranberry Twp., PA 16066 ROCK CORE SPECIMENS
Office (412) 206-1470 ASTM D7012
Fax (412) 927-1273
Project Name: Spring Lane Solar Array

Project Number: 40.2270
Date: 1/18/23
Engineer: JAS
Length Avg Length Compressive Compressive

Boring Sample Sample Uncapped Diameter 1 Diameter 2 Diameter Area Area Diameter Load Strength Strength
Number Depth (ft) Number (in) (in) (in) (in) (sq.in) (sq.cm) Ratio (lbs) (psi) (kPa) Notes
B-9 13.0' - 13.5' S-7 4.01 1.98 1.99 1.99 3.10 19.97 2.02 41,800 13,510 93,148 5, a
B-9 17.0' - 17.5' S-7 4.00 1.99 1.99 1.99 3.11 20.07 2.01 5,690 1,830 12,617 5, a
Notes:
Fracture Type: Other:

1. Cone A. Specimen L/D ratio < 2 due to limitation of
2. Cone and Split specimen
3. Cone and Shear B. Specimen shape irregular due to breakage
4. Shear during cutting
5. Columnar
Moisture Condition:
a. As Received
b. Saturated
c. Laboratory Air Dry
d. Oven Dry
e. 24 hrs moist cured
Unconfined Compressive Strength of Rock

Determination of thermal properties using a thermal needle probe
Thermal Conductivity of Soil/Soft Rock ASTM D5334
Corrected Conductivity Average Average

Moisture Conductivity Resistivity
Test Point 1st Reading 2nd Reading 3rd Reading
Content %
K=W/mK Error Value Initial Temp K=W/mK Error Value Initial Temp K=W/mK Error Value Initial Temp K=W/mK Rho=°C·cm/W
Dry Point 0.27 0.353 0.0062 15.3 0.352 0.0059 15.4 0.352 0.0056 15.5 0.352 283.796
Moist Point 1 4.86 1.051 0.0017 15.3 1.046 0.0015 15.2 1.046 0.0021 15.1 1.048 95.441
Moist Point 2 9.86 1.553 0.0009 13.1 1.558 0.0011 12.8 1.556 0.0013 12.7 1.556 64.286
Moist Point 3 11.68 1.814 0.0010 14.4 1.816 0.0009 14.6 1.828 0.0011 14.7 1.819 54.965
Moist Point 4 13.60 1.908 0.0009 14.6 1.902 0.0009 14.7 1.896 0.0009 14.8 1.902 52.571
Moist Point 5 15.60 1.858 0.0007 14.9 1.862 0.0007 14.9 1.859 0.0008 14.9 1.860 53.776
Moist Point 6
Moist Point 7
Moist Point 8
Moist Point 9
K Material (Standard) 0.2800 Volume of Mold (cf) 0.0333 LL
K Measured 0.2840 Volume of Mold (M^3) 0.00094 PI

Calibration Factor
0.9859 Weight of Test Sample (lb) 3.100 USCS Symbol
Mass of Dry Soil (kg) 1.406
Test Material screened with #4 sieve.
Needle Insertion Method: Push
Test performed at: 90 % compactive effort @ 6.0000 blows per layer.
Project No.: 40:2270

Project: Spring Lane Solar Array
Depth (ft.): 3 - 3.5
Client: Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. Sample No.: BS-01
Sample / Source: TP-01 Date Reported: 1/30/2023
5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

Frederick, MD 21704 (301)668-3519

Thermal Dryout Curve
300.00
Optimum Moisture Content for Soil = 13.6

270.00
240.00
210.00
Rho (Ccm/W)
180.00
150.00
120.00
90.00
60.00
30.00
0.00
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00
Moisture Content (%)

Depth (ft.): 3 - 3.5
5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

Frederick, MD 21704 (301)668-3519


Content %
Dry Point 0.30 0.312 0.0046 15.6 0.313 0.0048 15.5 0.313 0.0045 15.6 0.313 319.852
Moist Point 1 6.50 0.980 0.0018 15.3 0.978 0.0018 15.2 0.978 0.0018 15.1 0.979 102.196
Moist Point 2 12.42 1.423 0.0015 12.8 1.428 0.0015 12.7 1.428 0.0013 12.7 1.426 70.114
Moist Point 3 14.39 1.529 0.0011 14.5 1.547 0.0011 14.6 1.543 0.0009 14.8 1.539 64.960
Moist Point 4 15.46 1.576 0.0009 14.6 1.577 0.0011 14.8 1.572 0.0011 15 1.575 63.495
Moist Point 5 17.80 1.590 0.0008 14.6 1.589 0.0008 14.7 1.586 0.0009 14.7 1.588 62.964
Moist Point 6
Moist Point 7
Moist Point 8
Moist Point 9

Calibration Factor

Depth (ft.): 3 - 3.5
5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

Frederick, MD 21704 (301)668-3519

400.00

360.00
320.00
280.00
Rho (Ccm/W)
240.00
200.00
160.00
120.00
80.00
40.00
0.00
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00

Depth (ft.): 3 - 3.5
5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

Frederick, MD 21704 (301)668-3519


Content %
Dry Point 0.30 0.229 0.0018 19.4 0.228 0.0023 18.5 0.228 0.0016 17.7 0.228 437.670
Moist Point 1 9.17 0.600 0.0046 16.2 0.596 0.0028 15.7 0.595 0.0028 15.6 0.597 167.532
Moist Point 2 16.71 1.050 0.0014 15.7 1.052 0.0016 15.7 1.051 0.0012 15.6 1.051 95.139
Moist Point 3 19.38 1.233 0.0014 15.8 1.229 0.0029 15.6 1.233 0.0028 15.6 1.232 81.183
Moist Point 4 21.08 1.325 0.0010 15.2 1.321 0.0013 15.3 1.314 0.0011 15.5 1.320 75.775
Moist Point 5 22.10 1.392 0.0012 15.6 1.397 0.0012 15.6 1.394 0.0012 15.6 1.394 71.727
Moist Point 6
Moist Point 7
Moist Point 8
Moist Point 9

Calibration Factor

Depth (ft.): 3 - 3.5
5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

Frederick, MD 21704 (301)668-3519

500.00

450.00
400.00
350.00
Rho (Ccm/W)
300.00
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
0.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00

Depth (ft.): 3 - 3.5
5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

Frederick, MD 21704 (301)668-3519


Content %
Dry Point 0.00 0.278 0.0015 19.4 0.284 0.0075 18.6 0.283 0.0073 17.7 0.282 355.061
Moist Point 1 6.04 0.996 0.0021 15.9 0.991 0.0018 15.7 0.990 0.0016 15.7 0.992 100.804
Moist Point 2 12.06 1.529 0.0012 15.8 1.525 0.0015 15.8 1.521 0.0130 15.8 1.525 65.584
Moist Point 3 15.27 1.846 0.0013 15.9 1.846 0.0011 15.8 1.749 0.0022 15.7 1.814 55.132
Moist Point 4 16.69 1.976 0.0009 15.4 1.978 0.0013 15.6 1.977 0.0009 15.7 1.977 50.585
Moist Point 5 17.10 1.976 0.0010 15.7 1.974 0.0009 15.7 1.966 0.0008 15.7 1.972 50.714
Moist Point 6
Moist Point 7
Moist Point 8
Moist Point 9

Calibration Factor

Depth (ft.): 3 - 3.5
5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

Frederick, MD 21704 (301)668-3519

400.00

360.00
320.00
280.00
Rho (Ccm/W)
240.00
200.00
160.00
120.00
80.00
40.00
0.00
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00

Depth (ft.): 3 - 3.5
5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

Frederick, MD 21704 (301)668-3519


Content %
Dry Point 0.09 0.273 0.0056 16.2 0.274 0.0057 16.3 0.273 0.0051 16.5 0.273 365.815
Moist Point 1 5.17 0.776 0.0016 15.9 0.774 0.0017 15.9 0.773 0.0019 16.1 0.774 129.125
Moist Point 2 10.36 1.290 0.0012 15.9 1.296 0.0013 16 1.295 0.0013 16.1 1.294 77.295
Moist Point 3 12.62 1.487 0.0011 15.8 1.494 0.0011 16 1.496 0.0010 16 1.492 67.003
Moist Point 4 15.04 1.656 0.0009 15.9 1.657 0.0010 15.9 1.652 0.0012 16 1.655 60.427
Moist Point 5 16.56 1.678 0.0009 15.6 1.682 0.0009 15.5 1.680 0.0008 15.4 1.680 59.530
Moist Point 6
Moist Point 7
Moist Point 8
Moist Point 9

Calibration Factor

Depth (ft.): 3 - 3.5
5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

Frederick, MD 21704 (301)668-3519

400.00

360.00
320.00
280.00
Rho (Ccm/W)
240.00
200.00
160.00
120.00
80.00
40.00
0.00
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00

Depth (ft.): 3 - 3.5
5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

Frederick, MD 21704 (301)668-3519


Content %
Dry Point 0.17 0.295 0.0050 16.4 0.296 0.0052 16.5 0.295 0.0048 16.7 0.295 338.580
Moist Point 1 6.61 0.724 0.0038 16 0.724 0.0034 16.1 0.721 0.0016 16.2 0.723 138.306
Moist Point 2 12.59 1.190 0.0017 16.1 1.194 0.0020 16.2 1.200 0.0024 16.2 1.195 83.717
Moist Point 3 14.83 1.401 0.0011 16.1 1.399 0.0014 16.1 1.413 0.0010 16.1 1.405 71.196
Moist Point 4 16.15 1.500 0.0012 16 1.492 0.0010 16.1 1.497 0.0100 16.1 1.496 66.832
Moist Point 5 18.28 1.608 0.0010 15.7 1.608 0.0010 15.8 1.608 0.0009 15.7 1.608 62.180
Moist Point 6
Moist Point 7
Moist Point 8
Moist Point 9

Calibration Factor

Depth (ft.): 3 - 3.5
5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

Frederick, MD 21704 (301)668-3519

400.00

360.00
320.00
280.00
Rho (Ccm/W)
240.00
200.00
160.00
120.00
80.00
40.00
0.00
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00

Depth (ft.): 3 - 3.5
5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

Frederick, MD 21704 (301)668-3519


Content %
Dry Point 0.81 0.316 0.0026 18.4 0.316 0.0030 17.7 0.316 0.0026 17 0.316 316.602
Moist Point 1 7.64 1.045 0.0014 15.8 1.040 0.0016 15.7 1.040 0.0015 15.7 1.042 95.998
Moist Point 2 11.61 1.381 0.0011 15.9 1.380 0.0013 15.8 1.383 0.0018 15.8 1.382 72.382
Moist Point 3 13.68 1.487 0.0009 15.8 1.479 0.0021 15.7 1.482 0.0020 15.7 1.483 67.442
Moist Point 4 15.07 1.577 0.0009 15.6 1.571 0.0011 15.7 1.576 0.0010 15.9 1.575 63.496
Moist Point 5 17.23 1.617 0.0011 15.7 1.610 0.0010 15.8 1.611 0.0009 15.8 1.612 62.018
Moist Point 6
Moist Point 7
Moist Point 8
Moist Point 9

Calibration Factor

Depth (ft.): 3 - 3.5
5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

Frederick, MD 21704 (301)668-3519

400.00

360.00
320.00
280.00
Rho (Ccm/W)
240.00
200.00
160.00
120.00
80.00
40.00
0.00
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00

Depth (ft.): 3 - 3.5
5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

Frederick, MD 21704 (301)668-3519


Content %
Dry Point 0.20 0.369 0.0052 17.7 0.371 0.0056 17.2 0.370 0.0060 16.7 0.370 270.150
Moist Point 1 6.04 1.044 0.0014 15.6 1.044 0.0016 15.6 1.043 0.0020 15.7 1.044 95.813
Moist Point 2 10.22 1.393 0.0010 15.9 1.395 0.0010 15.8 1.394 0.0016 15.7 1.394 71.750
Moist Point 3 12.08 1.531 0.0029 16.2 1.535 0.0018 16 1.538 0.0022 15.8 1.535 65.149
Moist Point 4 14.55 1.677 0.0014 15.6 1.679 0.0010 15.7 1.674 0.0009 15.9 1.676 59.654
Moist Point 5 16.55 1.708 0.0010 15.7 1.702 0.0012 15.7 1.700 0.0010 15.7 1.704 58.698
Moist Point 6
Moist Point 7
Moist Point 8
Moist Point 9

Calibration Factor

Depth (ft.): 3 - 3.5
5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

Frederick, MD 21704 (301)668-3519

300.00

270.00
240.00
210.00
Rho (Ccm/W)
180.00
150.00
120.00
90.00
60.00
30.00
0.00
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00

Depth (ft.): 3 - 3.5
5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

Frederick, MD 21704 (301)668-3519

Using Standard Effort
140.0
130.0
120.0
110.0
100.0
90.0
80.0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Water Content, %
Optimum Moisture Content 13.6 % Preparation ASTM dry preparation method

Maximum Dry Unit Weight 116.0 pcf Type of rammer Manual - 5.5lbf (24.5N)
Test Specfication / Method ASTM D698-12e2-method A
Cumulative material retained on: 3/4 in. sieve 0.0 %

Coarse Aggregate Specific Gravity -
3/8 in. sieve %
#4 sieve %
Nat. Plasticity
Moist. % Index
14.3

Client: Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. Depth (ft.): 3 - 3.5
Sample / Source TP-01 Sample No.: BS-01
Test Reference/No.: Date Reported: 1/30/2023
5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

(301)668-3519
Frederick, MD 21704
pkitcher PatK PatK

140.0
130.0
120.0
110.0
100.0
90.0
80.0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Water Content, %


3/8 in. sieve %
#4 sieve %
Nat. Plasticity
Moist. % Index
14.6

5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

(301)668-3519
Frederick, MD 21704
pkitcher PatK PatK

140.0
130.0
120.0
110.0
100.0
90.0
80.0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Water Content, %


3/8 in. sieve %
#4 sieve %
Nat. Plasticity
Moist. % Index
24.6

5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

(301)668-3519
Frederick, MD 21704
pkitcher PatK PatK

140.0
130.0
120.0
110.0
100.0
90.0
80.0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Water Content, %


3/8 in. sieve %
#4 sieve %
Nat. Plasticity
Moist. % Index
16.3

5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

(301)668-3519
Frederick, MD 21704
pkitcher PatK PatK

140.0
130.0
120.0
110.0
100.0
90.0
80.0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Water Content, %


3/8 in. sieve %
#4 sieve %
Nat. Plasticity
Moist. % Index
18.6

5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

(301)668-3519
Frederick, MD 21704

140.0
130.0
120.0
110.0
100.0
90.0
80.0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Water Content, %


3/8 in. sieve %
#4 sieve %
Nat. Plasticity
Moist. % Index
17.5

5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

(301)668-3519
Frederick, MD 21704

140.0
130.0
120.0
110.0
100.0
90.0
80.0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Water Content, %


3/8 in. sieve %
#4 sieve %
Nat. Plasticity
Moist. % Index
18.1

5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

(301)668-3519
Frederick, MD 21704

140.0
130.0
120.0
110.0
100.0
90.0
80.0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Water Content, %


3/8 in. sieve %
#4 sieve %
Nat. Plasticity
Moist. % Index
12.7

5112 Pegasus Court (301)668-4303

(301)668-3519
Frederick, MD 21704

EXPANSION INDEX of SOILS
ASTM D 4829-11
Client ECS Mid-Atlantic Boring No. B-04

Client Reference Spring Lane Solar 40:2270 Depth (ft) 0.0-2.0'
Project No. 2022-863-001 Sample No. ST-02
Lab ID 2022-863-001-004 Visual Description Brown
Silt
Sample Conditions: REMOLDED, INUNDATED AND DOUBLE DRAINED
Consolidometer No. R376
Water Content Applied Final Dial Height of Volume Dry Void
Tare Number 270 484 Pressure Reading Sample (cc) Density Ratio
Wt. Tare & WS (g) 178.94 364.98 (kPa) (div) (mm) (g/cc)
Wt. Tare & DS (g) 160.65 304.70
Wt. Water (g) 18.29 60.28 After Dry Loading 6.9 0.6 25.398 206.944 1.49511 0.80589
Wt. Tare (g) 35.44 99.73 After Inundation 6.9 -329.0 26.236 213.766 1.45467 0.85609
Wt. DS (g) 125.21 204.97
Water Content (%) 14.61 29.41
Sample Parameters
Sample Diameter (in) 4.01 4.01
Sample Height (in) 1.0000 1.0328
Sample Volume (cc) 206.96 213.75 Expansion Index, EI = 33.0
Wt. Wet Sample + Ring (g) 722.00 769.81
Wt. of Ring (g) 367.40 367.40
Wt. of Wet Sample (g) 354.60 402.41
Wet Density (pcf) 106.92 117.47
Wet Density (g/cc) 1.71 1.88
Wt. of Dry Sample (g) 309.40 310.96
Dry Density (pcf) 93.29 90.78
Dry Density (g/cc) 1.50 1.45
Void Ratio 0.8060 0.8560
Saturation (%) 48.93 92.76
Tested By MY Date 1/19/23 Input Checked By GEM Date 1/26/23
page 1 of 2 DCN: CT-24E Date: 5/3/12 Revision: 6 T:\#1 RALEIGH\2022 Projects\ECS Mid-Atlantic (PGH)\2022-863-001\[2022-863-001-004 ExpansionIndex1.xls]FINAL
ASTM D 4829-11

Client Project Spring Lane Solar 40:2270 Depth (ft) 0.0-2.0'
Silt
-350.0
Test Load (kPa) 6.9
-300.0 Final Reading (div) -329.0
-250.0 1 Division (in) 0.0001
-200.0 Start Date 1/19/23

Dial Reading
Start Time 15:37:00

-150.0
-100.0 Elapsed Dial

Time Reading
-50.0 (min) (div)
Initial 0.0
0.0
0.05 42.0
50.0
0.10 44.0
0.15 46.5
100.0 0.20 46.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0.35 46.5
0.95 34.5
-350.0
2.20 11.0
3.95 -17.5
-300.0 8.95 -116.5
15.95 -260.0
-250.0 24.95 -287.0
35.95 -294.5
-200.0
48.95 -299.5
63.95 -302.5
Dial Reading
80.95 -305.5
-150.0
99.95 -308.0
120.95 -310.0
-100.0 143.95 -311.5
179.95 -313.5
-50.0 299.95 -318.0
519.95 -322.5
699.95 -324.5
0.0
959.95 -326.5
1439.95 -329.0
50.0
100.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Log Time (min)
Tested By MY Date 1/19/23 Checked By GEM Date 1/26/23

ASTM D 4829-11

Clay
Wt. Tare & DS (g) 328.44 415.16
Wt. DS (g) 229.21 324.13
Sample Parameters
Wt. of Ring (g) 367.20 367.20
Void Ratio 0.6796 0.7449
Saturation (%) 50.49 87.71
ASTM D 4829-11

Clay
-300.0
Test Load (kPa) 6.9
Final Reading (div) -261.5
-250.0 Consolidometer No. R377
-200.0 Start Date 12/28/22

Dial Reading
Start Time 17:35:15

-150.0
Elapsed Dial
Time Reading
-100.0 (min) (div)
Initial 0.0
0.05 -0.5
-50.0
0.10 -1.0
0.15 -1.0
0.0 0.20 -2.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0.35 -5.5
Square Root Time (min) 0.45 -8.0
0.95 -22.5
-300.0
2.20 -50.0
3.95 -80.5
8.95 -143.0
-250.0 15.95 -187.0
24.95 -215.0
35.95 -230.5
-200.0
48.95 -238.0
63.95 -242.0
Dial Reading
80.95 -243.5
99.95 -245.5
-150.0 120.95 -247.5
143.95 -249.0
179.95 -251.0
-100.0 299.95 -255.5
519.95 -258.5
699.95 -260.0
959.95 -261.5
-50.0
0.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Log Time (min)

ASTM D 4829-11

Silt
Wt. Tare & DS (g) 114.05 424.54
Wt. DS (g) 77.80 332.29
Sample Parameters
Wt. of Ring (g) 367.20 367.20
Void Ratio 0.6008 0.6139
Saturation (%) 48.46 84.75
page 1 of 2 DCN: CT-24E Date: 5/3/12 Revision: 6 T:\#1 RALEIGH\2022 Projects\ECS Mid-Atlantic (PGH)\2022-863-001\[2022-863-001-006 ExpansionIndex1.xls]DATA
ASTM D 4829-11

Silt
-120.0
Test Load (kPa) 6.9
Final Reading (div) -97.0
-100.0 Consolidometer No. R376
-80.0 Start Date 1/24/23

Dial Reading
Start Time 12:19:23

-60.0
Elapsed Dial
Time Reading
-40.0 (min) (div)
Initial 0.0
0.05 0.0
-20.0
0.10 0.0
0.15 -1.0
0.0 0.20 -1.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0.35 -4.0
Square Root Time (min) 0.45 -5.5
0.95 -11.0
-120.0
2.20 -23.0
3.95 -37.0
8.95 -66.5
-100.0 15.95 -80.0
24.95 -85.0
35.95 -88.0
-80.0
48.95 -89.5
63.95 -90.5
Dial Reading
80.95 -91.5
99.95 -92.5
-60.0 120.95 -92.5
143.95 -93.5
179.95 -93.5
-40.0 299.95 -95.0
519.95 -95.5
699.95 -96.0
959.95 -96.0
-20.0
1350.20 -97.0
0.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Log Time (min)

page 2 of 2 DCN: CT-24E Date: 3/2/98 Revision: 2 T:\#1 RALEIGH\2022 Projects\ECS Mid-Atlantic (PGH)\2022-863-001\[2022-863-001-006 ExpansionIndex1.xls]DATA

Final Geo Report 40.2270 Rse

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Final Geo Report 40.2270 Rse

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ECS Mid-Atlantic, LLC

Subsurface Exploration and Geotechnical Engineering Services

Spring Lane Solar Array

ECS Project No 40:2270

February 16, 2023

Mr. Paul W. Hughes, P.E.

ECS Project No. 40:2270

Reference: Subsurface Exploration and Geotechnical Engineering Services

Dear Mr. Hughes:

ECS Mid-Atlantic, LLC

Jessica Maier, G.I.T. Michael P. Krepsik, P.E.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................1

5.2 Earthwork Operations .................................................................................................................... 31

Appendix A – Drawings & Reports

Appendix B – Field Operations

Appendix C – Laboratory Testing

The report includes the following items.

2.0 PROJECT INFORMATION

2.1 PROJECT LOCATION

Figure 2.1.1. Site Location

2.2 PAST SITE HISTORY/USES

2.3 CURRENT SITE CONDITIONS

2.4 PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION

2.4.1 Site Civil Features

2.4.2 Structural Information/Loads

2.5 SCOPE OF SERVICES

2.5.1 Soil Borings

2.5.2 Test Pits

2.5.3 Field Electrical Resistivity Testing

3.0 FIELD EXPLORATION AND LABORATORY TESTING

3.1 FIELD EXPLORATION PROGRAM

3.1.1 Soil Borings

3.1.2 Rock Coring

3.2 REGIONAL GEOLOGY

3.3 LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAPPING

3.4 MINE SUBSIDENCE MAPPING

3.5 SUBSURFACE CHARACTERIZATION

Table 3.5.1– Compressive Strength of Rock Core Samples

3.5.1 Pyritic Soils

Table 3.5.1.1 – Pyrite Testing Results

3.6 GROUNDWATER OBSERVATIONS

3.7 LABORATORY TESTING

3.7.1 Corrosivity Testing

Table 3.7.1.1 Corrosion Series Test Results

3.7.2 Thermal Resistivity Testing

4.0 DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS

- Shallow weathered rock

4.1 DRIVEN PILES

Table 4.1.1 – Driven Pile Design Parameters

Driven 1.7 ksf (11.8 psi) 12.0

4.1.1 Pile Refusal

4.1.2 Lateral Pile Analysis

4.2 TEST PILE PROGRAM

4.3 LATERAL PILE ANALYSIS

Table 4.3.1– Engineering Soil Parameters

4.4 FROST HEAVE

4.5 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS

4.6 CORROSITIVITY TESTING OF SOILS

Table 4.6.1 Corrosivity Testing Results

4.7 PYRITIC SOILS TREATMENT

4.8 SEISMIC DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Table 4.8.1: Seismic Site Classification

4.9.1 Asphalt Pavement Recommendations