Qmuli Kuidlinf

Kuidlinf Ahle-Fenermd
Ahle-Fenermd
QKA ;?= - A[
Ahle [equirejents
‫ﻘﻄﺎم‬ ‫ﻘﺛﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻐﻮب‬

;?=3
 Qmuli Kuidlinf Ahle- Fenermd
QKA ;?=
@ey Dist hb tce Qmuli Ahles7 Lesifnmtihns mnl krieb titdes
\itde Ahle [eq.= Ahle &Ahj.; Mrmkia _rhv. 1
QKA ;?=-AA QKA ;?=-M[
\ce Fenermd Kuidlinf QKA ;?=-A[
 Ahle
Qtruaturmd ‑ Dhmlinf mnl Bhraes QKA 1?=-A[ QKA 1?=-AA QKA 1?=-M[
Qtruaturmd ‑ Ahnstruatihn QKA 1?;- A[ QKA 1?;-M[
Qtruaturmd ‑ Qhid mnl Bhunlmtihns QKA 1?1- A[ QKA 1?1-AA QKA 1?1-M[
Qtruaturmd ‑ Ahnarete Qtruatures QKA 1?<- A[ QKA 1?<-AA QKA 1?<-M[
Qtruaturmd ‑ Jmshnry Qtruatures QKA 1?5- A[ QKA 1?5-AA QKA 1?5-M[
Qtruaturmd ‑ Qteed Qtruatures
Edeatriamd Ahle QKA <?=- A[ QKA <?=-M[
Jeacmniamd Ahle QKA 5?=-A[ QKA 5?=-AA QKA 5?=-M[
Enerfy Ahnservmtihn- QKA 2?=- A[ QKA 2?=- AA QKA 2?=- M[
Nhnresilentimd
Enerfy Ahnservmtihn-[esilentimd QKA 2?;- A[ QKA 2?;- AA QKA 2?;- M[
_dujkinf Ahle QKA 6?=- A[ QKA 6?=-AA QKA 6?=-M[
_rivmte sewmfe Ahle QKA 6?;- A[ QKA 6?;-M[
Bire Ahle QKA 3?=- A[ QKA 3?=-AA QKA 3?=-M[
Existinf Kuidlinfs Ahle QKA 9?=- A[ QKA 9?=-AA QKA 9?=-M[
Freen Ahnstruatihn Ahle QKA =??=- A[ QKA =??=-AA QKA =??=-M[
[esilentimd Kuidlinf Ahle* QKA ==?=- A[ QKA ==?=-AA QKA ==?=-M[
Bued Fms Ahle* QKA =;?=- A[ QKA =;?=-AA QKA =;?=-M[
=. A[7 Ahle [equirejents witchut Ahjjentmry
;. AA7 Ahle [equirejents witc Ahjjentmry
1. M[7 Mrmkia Ahle _rhvisihns
_rhvisihns
* Unler Levedhpjent

AH_Y[IFC\ © ;?=3
ky
\ce Qmuli Kuidlinf Ahle Nmtihnmd Ahjjittee (QKANA).
MDD [IFC\Q [EQE[REL. Mdd inteddeatumd prhperty rifcts hb tcis Qmuli Ahle mre hwnel ky tce
Nmtihnmd Ahjjittee hb Qmuli Kuidlinf Ahle ms per tce Qmuli
Qmuli dmws hb tce inteddeatumd
inteddeatumd prhperty. Nh
Nh pmrt
hb tcis ahle jmy ke reprhluael, listrikutel hr demsel in mny bhrj hr ky mny jemns, inadulinf kut nht
dijitel th pukdiscinf hn adhul sites, ahjputer netwhr`s hr mny edeatrhnia jemns hb ahjjuniamtihn,
witchut prihr written perjissihn brhj tce Nmtihnmd Ahjjittee hb tce Qmuli Kuidlinf Ahle. \ce
puracmse hb mn edeatrhnia hr
hr pmper ahpy lhes nht exejpt tce inlivilumd hr entity
entity brhj ahjpdyinf witc
tce mkhve dijitmtihns.

QKA ;?=-A[-=3 i

\EACNIAMD AHJJI\\EE (QKA ;?=)7

= _rhb. Mdi M. Qcmsc Acmirjmn

; _rhb. Cmkik J. Mdscuwmi`cmt Jejker
1 Lr. Mcjel J. Mkl Ed Bmttmc Jejker
< Lr. Kmjkmnf \. Qucmrimli Jejker
5 Jr. Mcjel Y. Qcmreeb Jejker

Qtruaturmd pmrts hb QKA ;?= cmve keen reviewel, elitel mnl mdifnel
 witc struaturmd ahles (QKA 1?= ‑ QKA 1?2) ky struaturmd teacniamd
ahjjittees, witc mllitihnmd ahntrikutihns ky tce bhddhwinf7

_rhb. Mcjel K. Qcurmij Lr. Mkludrmcjmn Q. Mdkilmc

Lr. Mkluddmc C. Mdsmkcmn Lr. Mdi C. Mdtceek

HB VINL, ADIJM\E WHNE MNL [MIN JM_Q7

LEREDH_JEN\ HB
_rhb. Mcjel K. Qcurmij Enfr. Jhcmjjel M. Md-Lmkdmn
QMULI KUIDLINF AHLE NM\IHNMD AHJJI\\EE (QKANA)

= C. E. Lr.
Lr. Qmml H. Md@msmki Acmirjmn
; Lr. Nmib
Nmib J. Mdmkkmli Riae Acmirjmn [ERIEV AHJJI\\EE7
1 Lr. Mkludrmcjmn F. Md-enizi Jejker = Lr. Nmib J. Mdmkkmli Acmirjmn
< Enfr. Qmeel @. @mlmsmc Jejker
; Lr. @cmdel J. Mdgmjjmz Jejker
5 Lr. Cmssmn Q. Mdcmzji Jejker
1 Lr. Mkludrmcjmn F. Md-enizi Jejker
2 Enfr. Kmlr Q. MD-jmmyhhb Jejker
6 Enfr. Bmyez M. Mdfcmjli Jejker < Enf. Qmeel @. @mlmsmc Jejker
3 Enfr. Jhcmjjel M. Mdwmidy Jejker 5 Enf. \mwibi` I. Mdgrmyel Jejker
9 Lr. Kmnlmr Q. Md`mcdmn Jejker
[ERIEVMD QU__H[\7
=? Enfr. Mcjml N. Cmssmn Jejker
== Enfr. Mkludnmsser Q. Mdmkluddmtib Jejker Lr. Mcjel H. J. Q. J
Jhstmbm
hstmbm Lr. Jhcmjjel M. Mdscrmij
=; Lr. Cmni J. Wmcrmn Jejker Lr. Gmjmdedlin M. Mklmddm Lr. Qmeil M. E. Mdfcmjli

=1 Enfr. @cmdibm Q. Mdymcymi Jejker (bhr seisjia jmps) (bhr seisjia jmps)
=< Lr. @cmdel J. Mdgmjjmz Jejker
=5 Lr. Ikrmcij H. Cmkikmddmc Jejker
=2 Lr. Qmeel M. Msiri Jejker \EACNIAMD ELI\INF AHJJI\\EE7
=6 Lr. Mklmddmc J. Md-Qcecri Jejker = _rhb. Mcjel K. Qcurmij Acmirjmn
=3 Enfr. Qmml Q. Qcumid Jejker
; Lr. Mklmddmc J. Md-Qcecri Jejker
1 Enf. \mwibi` I. Mdgrmyel Jejker
MLRIQH[Y AHJJI\\
AHJJI\\EE
EE 7
= Lr. @cmdel J. Mdgmjj mz Acmirjmn
; Enf. @cmdibm Q. Mdymcymi Riae Acmirjmn ELI\H[IMD QU__H[\7
1 Lr. Cmni J. Wmcrmn Jejker
Lr. Bmcel Mdrschuli Lr. Ymssir J. Mkkms
< _rhb. Mdi M. Qcmsc Jejker
Lr. Bmcil Msdmj Lr. Jhcmjjel M. Htcjmn
5 _rhb. Mcjel K. Qcurmij Jejker
2 Lr. @cmdil J. Vmzirm Jejker Enfr. [mis Jirzm Lr. Jukmscir Mziz
6 Lr. Mkludcmjeel M. Md Hcmdy Jejker Enfr. [izwmn Iqkmd Enfr. Mkluddmc Q. Mdfcmjli
3 Lr. Cmjzm M. Fcudjmn Jejker Lr. Jucmjjel M. Kmscir Enfr. Qmrlmr Ujer Qimd
9 Enfr. Cm`mj M. Md-Mqidy Jejker
=? _rhb. Qmdec B. Jmfrmj Jejker
== Enfr. Nmsser J. Md-Lhssmri Jejker LEREDH_JEN\ HB QEIQJIA JM_Q7
=; Lr. Vmdeel C. @cuscebmti Jejker Lr. @cmdil J. Vmzirm Lr. Cmni J. Wmcrmn
=1 Lr. Vmdeel J. Mkmnhji Jejker Lr. Rdmlijir Qh`hdhv
=< Lr. Bmcml Q. Md-Dmcmij Jejker

QKA ;?=-A[-=3 ii

_[EBMAE

_[EBMAE
\ce Qmuli Kuidlinf Ahle Fenermd [equirejents (QKA ;?=) prhviles jinijuj requirejents bhr tce
pukdia smbety, cemdtc, mnl fenermd wedbmre hb tce haaupmnts
haaupmnts hb
hb new mnl existinf kuidlinfs mnl struatures.
\ce ahle prijmridy mllresses struaturmd strenftc, jemns hb efress, smnitmtihn, mlequmte difctinf mnl
ventidmtihn, maaessikidity, enerfy ahnservmtihn mnl dibe smbety in refmrl th new mnl existinf kuidlinfs,
bmaidities mnl systejs. \ce Ahle mdsh presarikes jinijuj struaturmd dhmlinf requirejents bhr use in
tce lesifn mnl ahnstruatihn hb kuidlinfs mnl struaturmd ahjphnents.

;?=5 Internmtihnmd Kuidlinf Ahle (IKA ;?=5), pukdiscel ky tce Internmtihnmd Ahle Ahunaid (IAA), is
tce kmse ahle in tce levedhpjent hb tcis Ahle. Qmuli Kuidlinf Ahle Nmtihnmd Ahjjittee (QKANA)
cms jmle mn mfreejent witc tce IAA th use tceir jmterimds mnl jhliby tcej ms per tce dhamd
ahnstruatihn neels mnl refudmthry requirejents hb Qmuli Mrmkim. \ce IAA is nht resphnsikde hr dimkde
in mny wmy th QKANA hr th mny htcer pmrty hr entity bhr mny jhlibiamtihns hr acmnfes tcmt QKANA
jm`es th suac lhaujents.

\ce ahntents hb tce aurrent elitihn hb tce Ahle is sukstmntimdd

sukstmntimddyy uplmtel brhj its ;??6 elitihn. Qevermd
new acmpters mre mllel, mnl hdl acmpters mre uplmtel. \ce writinf prhaess hb QKA ;?=-=3 bhddhwel
tce jetchlhdhfy mpprhvel ky tce Qmuli Kuidlinf Ahle Nmtihnmd Ahjjittee. Jmny acmnfes mnl
jhlibiamtihns were jmle in its kmse ahle (IKA ;?=5) th jeet tce dhamd wemtcer
wemtcer,, jmterimds, ahnstruatihn
mnl refudmthry requirejents.

\ce ahjjittees resphnsikde bhr QKA ;?= Ahle cmve tm`en mdd preamutihns th mvhil mjkifuities,
hjissihns, mnl errhrs in tce lhaujent. Lespite tcese ebbhrts, tce users hb QKA ;?= jmy binl
inbhrjmtihn hr requirejents tcmt jmy ke sukgeat th jhre tcmn hne interpretmtihn
i nterpretmtihn hr jmy ke inahjpdete.
\ce QKANA mdhne phssesses tce
t ce mutchrity mnl resphnsikidity bhr uplmtinf, jhlibyinf mnl interpretinf
tce Ahle.

It is m ahjjhn mssujptihn tcmt enfineerinf

enfineerinf `nhwdelfe
`nhwdelfe is m prerequisite in unlerstmnlinf ahle

prhvisihns mnl requirejents0 tcus, tce ahle is hrientel thwmrls inlivilumds wch phssess tce
kma`frhunl `nhwdelfe th evmdumte tce sifnibiamnae mnl dijitmtihns hb its ahntent mnl
reahjjenlmtihns. \cey scmdd ke mkde th leterjine tce mppdiamkidity hb mdd refudmthry dijitmtihns kebhre
mppdyinf tce Ahle mnl just ahjpdy witc mdd mppdiamkde dmws mnl refudmtihns.

\ce requirejents redmtel th mljinistrmtihn mnl enbhraejent hb tcis Ahle mre mlvishry hndy. QKANA
mnl fhvernjentmd hrfmnizmtihns, in acmrfe hb enbhrainf tcis Ahle, phssess tce mutchrity th jhliby
tcese mljinistrmtive requirejents.

QKA ;?=-A[-=3 iii

Mrrmnfejent mnl Bhrjmt hb tce ;?=3 QKA

M[
M[[M
[MNFEJEN\
NFEJEN\ MNL
M NL BH[JM\
BH[JM \ HB \CE QKA
QK A ;?=-=3

Kebhre mppdyinf tce requirejents hb tce QKA ;?=, it is kenebiaimd th unlerstmnl its mrrmnfejent mnl
bhrjmt. \ce QKA ;?=, di`e htcer ahles pukdiscel ky QKANA, is mrrmnfel mnl hrfmnizel th bhddhw
sequentimd steps tcmt fenermddy haaur lurinf m pdmn review hr inspeatihn.
inspeat ihn.

Acmpters Qukgeats
 =-; Mljinistrmtihn mnl lebinitihns
1 Use mnl haaupmnay admssibiamtihns
<, 1= Qpeaimd requirejents bhr speaibia haaupmnaies hr edejents
5-2 Ceifct mnl mrem dijitmtihns kmsel hn type hb ahnstruatihn
6-9 Bire resistmnae mnl prhteatihn requirejents
=? [equirejents bhr evmaumtihn
== Qpeaibia requirejents th mddhw use mnl maaess th m kuidlinf bhr
pershns witc lismkidities
=;-=1, ;6-1? Kuidlinf systejs, suac ms difctinf, CRMA, pdujkinf bixtures,
edevmthrs
=<-;2 Qtruaturmd ahjphnents“perbhrjmnae mnl stmkidity
1; Enarhmacjent hutsile hb prhperty dines
11 Qmbefumrls lurinf ahnstruatihn
15 [eberenael stmnlmrls
Mppenliaes Mppenliaes
M-J

\ce QKA ;?= requirejents bhr cmzmrlhus jmterimds, bire-resistmnae-rmtel ahnstruatihn, interihr binisc,
bire prhteatihn systejs, jemns hb efress, ejerfenay
ej erfenay mnl stmnlky phwer, mnl tejphrmry struatures mre
lireatdy ahrredmtel witc tce requirejents hb tce QKA 3?=. \ce bhddhwinf acmpters/seatihns hb tce QKA
;?= mre ahrredmtel th tce QKA 3?=7

QKA ;?= QKA 3?= Qukgeat

Acmpter/Qeatihn Acmpter/Qeatihn
Qeatihns 1?6, <=<, <=5 Acmpters 5?-26 Cmzmrlhus jmterimds mnl Frhup C requirejents
Acmpter 6 Acmpter 6 Bire-resistmnae-rmtel ahnstruatihn (Bire mnl
sjh`e prhteatihn bemtures in tce QKA 3?=)
Acmpter 3 Acmpter 3 Interihr binisc, leahrmtive jmterimds mnl
burniscinfs
Acmpter 9 Acmpter 9 Bire prhteatihn systejs
Acmpter =? Acmpter =? Jemns hb efress
Acmpter ;6 Qeatihn 2?< Qtmnlky mnl ejerfenay phwer
Qeatihn 1=?1 Acmpter 1= \ejphrmry struatures

\ce QKA ;?= requirejents bhr sjh`e ahntrhd systejs, mnl sjh`e mnl bire lmjpers mre lireatdy
ahrredmtel th tce requirejents hb tce QKA 5?=. QKA ;?= Acmpter ;3 is m reberenae th tce QKA 5?= mnl
tce QKA =;?= bhr acijneys, birepdmaes mnl kmrkeaues, mnl mdd mspeats hb jeacmniamd systejs. \ce
bhddhwinf acmpters/ seatihns hb tce QKA ;?= mre ahrredmtel witc tce QKA 5?=7

QKA ;?=-A[-=3 iv

Mrrmnfejent mnl Bhrjmt hb tce ;?=3 QKA

QKA ;?= QKA 5?= Qukgeat

Acmpter/Qeatihn Acmpter/Qeatihn
Qeatihn 6=6 Qeatihn 2?6 Qjh`e mnl bire lmjpers
Qeatihn 9?9 Qeatihn 5=1 Qjh`e ahntrhd

\ce QKA ;?= requirejents bhr pdujkinf bixtures mnl thidet rhhjs mre lireatdy ahrredmtel th tce
requirejents hb tce QKA 6?=. \ce bhddhwinf acmpters/seatihns hb tce QKA ;?= mre ahrredmtel
ahrred mtel witc tce
Q_A7

QKA ;?= QKA 6?= Qukgeat

Acmpter/Qeatihn Acmpter/Qeatihn
Acmpter ;9 Acmpters 1 & < _dujkinf bixtures mnl bmaidities

QKA ;?=-A[-=3 v

QUJJM[Y HB ACM_\E[Q

QUJJM[Y HB ACM_\E[Q

\ce bhddhwinf is m acmpter-ky-acmpter synhpsis hb tce sahpe mnl intent hb tce prhvisihns hb tce Qmuli
Kuidlinf Ahle-QKA ;?=.
Acmpter = Qahpe mnl Mljinistrmtihn . Acmpter = estmkdisces tce dijits hb mppdiamkidity hb tce ahle

mnl lesarikes chw tce ahle is th ke mppdiel mnl enbhrael. Acmpter = is in twh pmrts, _mrt = “ Qahpe
mnl Mppdiamtihn (Qeatihns =?=-=?;) mnl _mrt ;“Mljinistrmtihn mnl Enbhraejent (Qeatihns =?1-==2).
Qeatihn =?= ilentibies wciac kuidlinfs mnl struatures ahje unler its purview mnl reberenaes htcer
QKANA ahles ms mppdiamkde. Qtmnlmrls mnl ahles mre sahpel th tce extent reberenael (see Qeatihn
=?;.<).
\ce kuidlinf ahle is intenlel th ke mlhptel ms m defmddy enbhraemkde lhaujent mnl it amnnht ke
ebbeative witchut mlequmte prhvisihns bhr its mljinistrmtihn mnl enbhraejent. \ce prhvisihns hb
Acmpter = estmkdisc tce mutchrity mnl luties hb tce ahle hbbiaimd mpphintel ky tce gurisliatihn cmvinf
mutchrity mnl mdsh estmkdisc tce rifcts mnl prividefes hb tce lesifn
lesi fn prhbessihnmd, ahntrmathr mnl prhperty
hwner.
Acmpter ; Lebinitihns. Mn mdpcmketiamd distinf hb mdd lebinel terjs is dhamtel in Acmpter ;. Lebinel
terjs tcmt mre pertinent th m speaibia acmpter hr seatihn mre mdsh bhunl in tcmt acmpter hr seatihn witc m
reberenae kma` th Acmpter ; bhr tce lebinitihn. Vcide m lebinel terj jmy ke distel in hne acmpter hr
mnhtcer, tce jemninf is mppdiamkde tcrhufchut tce ahle.
Ahles mre teacniamd lhaujents mnl every whrl, terj mnl punatumtihn jmr` amn ijpmat tce jemninf
hb tce ahle text mnl tce intenlel resudts. \ce ahle hbten uses terjs tcmt cmve m unique jemninf in tce
ahle mnl tce ahle jemninf amn libber sukstmntimddy
s ukstmntimddy brhj tce hrlinmridy unlersthhl jemninf hb tce terj
te rj
ms usel hutsile hb tce ahle. Vcere unlerstmnlinf hb m terj’s lebinitihn is espeaimddy `ey th hr neaessmry
bhr unlerstmnlinf m pmrtiaudmr ahle prhvisihn, tce terj is schwn in itmdias wcerever it mppemrs in tce
ahle.
\ce user hb tce ahle schudl ke bmjidimr witc mnl ahnsudt tcis acmpter keamuse tce lebinitihns mre
essentimd th tce ahrreat interpretmtihn hb tce ahle. Vcere m terj is nht lebinel, suac terjs scmdd cmve
tce hrlinmridy maaeptel jemninf.
Acmpter 1 Use mnl Haaupmnay Admssibiamtihn . Acmpter 1 prhviles bhr tce admssibiamtihn
admssibia mtihn hb kuidlinfs,
struatures mnl pmrts tcerehb kmsel hn tce purphse hr purphses bhr wciac tcey mre usel. Qeatihn 1?;
ilentibies tce frhups inth wciac mdd kuidlinfs, struatures mnl pmrts tcerehb just ke admssibiel. Qeatihns
1?1 tcrhufc 1=; ilentiby tce haaupmnay acmrmateristias hb emac frhup admssibiamtihn. In shje seatihns,
seatihn s,

speaibia frhupthadmssibiamtihns
terj mppdies cmvinfFrhups
mdd. Bhr exmjpde, requirejents in ahjjhn
M-=, M-;, M-1, M-<mre mnl
ahddeativedy
M-5 mrehrfmnizel suac
inlivilumd tcmt hne
frhups bhr
type kuidlinfs. \ce fenermd terj —Frhup M,‚ chwever,
mssejkdy-type
mssejkdy- chwever, inadules emac hb tcese inlivilumd
frhups. Htcer frhups inadule Kusiness (K), Eluamtihnmd (E), Bmathry (B-=, B-;), Cifc Cmzmrl (C-=, C-
;, C-1, C-<, C-5), Institutihnmd (I-=, I-;, I-1, I-<), Jeramntide (J), [esilentimd ([-=, [-;, [-1, [-<),
Qthrmfe (Q-=, Q-;) mnl Utidity (U). In shje haaupmnaies, tce sjmdder nujker jemns m cifcer cmzmrl,
kut tcmt is nht mdwmys tce amse.
Lebininf tce use hb tce kuidlinfs is very ijphrtmnt ms it sets tce thne bhr tce rejmininf acmpters hb tce
ahle. Haaupmnay whr`s witc tce ceifct, mrem mnl ahnstruatihn type requirejents in Acmpters 5 mnl 2,
ms wedd ms tce speaimd
speaim d prhvisihns in Acmpter <, th leterjine —equivmdent ris`,‚
r is`,‚ hr prhvilinf m remshnmkde
deved hb prhteatihn hr dibe smbety
smbet y bhr kuidlinf haaupmnts. \ce leterjinmtihn hb equivmdent ris` invhdves
tcree interlepenlent ahnsilermtihns7 (=) tce deved hb bire cmzmrl msshaimtel witc wit c tce speaibia haaupmnay
hb tce bmaidity0 (;) tce reluatihn hb bire cmzmrl ky di
dijitinf
jitinf tce bdhhr mrem mnl tce ceiceifct
fct hb tce kuidlinf

QKA ;?=-A[-=3 vi

QUJJM[Y HB ACM_\E[Q

kmsel hn tce bued dhml (ahjkustikde ahntents mnl kurnmkde kuidlinf ahjphnents)0 mnl (1) tce deved hb
hvermdd bire resistmnae prhvilel ky tce type hb ahnstruatihn usel bhr tce kuidlinf. \ce fremter tce
phtentimd bire cmzmrls
cmzmrls inliamtel ms m bunatihn hb tce frhup, tce desser tce ceifct mnl mrem mddhwmnaes bhr
m pmrtiaudmr ahnstruatihn type.
Haaupmnay admssibiamtihn mdsh pdmys m `ey
`e y pmrt in hrfmnizinf mnl presarikinf tce mpprhprimte prhteatihn
jemsures. Ms suac, tcreschdl requirejents bhr bire prhteatihn mnl jemns hb efress systejs mre kmsel
hn haaupmnay admssibiamtihn (see Acmpters 9 mnl =?). Htcer seatihns hb tce ahle mdsh ahntmin
requirejents respeative th tce admssibiamtihn hb kuidlinf frhups. Bhr exmjpde, Qeatihn 6?2 speaibies
requirejents bhr bire wmdd bire-resistmnae rmtinfs tcmt mre tiel th tce haaupmnay admssibiamtihn hb m
kuidlinf mnl Qeatihn 3?1.== ahntmins interihr binisc requirejents tcmt mre lepenlent uphn tce
haaupmnay admssibiamtihn. \ce use hb tce spmae, rmtcer tcmn tce haaupmnay hb tce kuidlinf, is utidizel
bhr leterjininf haaupmnt dhmlinf (Qeatihn =??<) mnl dive dhmlinf (Qeatihn =2?6).
Hver tce usebud dibe hb m kuidlinf, tce mativities in tce kuidlinf widd evhdve mnl acmnfe. Vcere tce
prhvisihns hb tce ahle mllress uses libberentdy, jhvinf
jhvinf brhj hne mativity th mnhtcer hr brhj hne deved
hb mativity th mnhtcer is, ky lebinitihn, m acmnfe hb haaupmnay. \ce new haaupmnay just ke in
ahjpdimnae witc tce mppdiamkde prhvisihns.
Acmpter < Qpeaimd Letmidel [equirejents Kmsel Hn Use mnl Haaupmnay . Acmpter < ahntmins tce
requirejents bhr prhteatinf speaimd uses mnl haaupmnaies, wciac mre suppdejentmd th tce rejminler hb
tce ahle. Acmpter < ahntmins prhvisihns tcmt jmy mdter requirejents bhunl edsewcere in tce ahle0
chwever, tce fenermd requirejents hb tce ahle stidd mppdy undess jhlibiel witcin tce acmpter. Bhr
exmjpde, tce ceifct mnl mrem dijitmtihns estmkdiscel in Acmpter 5 mppdy th mdd speaimd haaupmnaies undess
Acmpter < ahntmins ceifct mnl mrem dijitmtihns. In tcis amse, tce dijitmtihns in Acmpter < supersele tchse
in htcer seatihns. Mn exmjpde hb tcis is tce ceifct mnl mrem dijitmtihns bhr hpen pmr`inf fmrmfes fiven
in Qeatihn <?2.5.<, wciac supersele tce dijitmtihns
di jitmtihns fiven in Qeatihns 5?< mnl 5?2.

In shje instmnaes, it jmy nht ke neaessmry th mppdy tce prhvisihns hb Acmpter <. Bhr exmjpde, ib m
ahverel jmdd kuidlinf ahjpdies witc tce prhvisihns hb tce ahle bhr Frhup J, Qeatihn <?; lhes nht
mppdy0 chwever, htcer seatihns tcmt mllress m use, prhaess hr hpermtihn just ke mppdiel th tcmt speaibia
haaupmnay, suac ms stmfes mnl pdmtbhrjs, speaimd mjusejent kuidlinfs mnl cmzmrlhus jmterimds
(Qeatihns <=?, <== mnl <=<).
\ce acmpter inadules requirejents bhr kuidlinfs mnl ahnlitihns tcmt mppdy th hne hr jhre frhups, suac
ms cifc-rise kuidlinfs, unlerfrhunl kuidlinfs hr mtriujs. Qpeaimd uses jmy mdsh ijpdy speaibia
haaupmnaies mnl hpermtihns, suac ms bhr Frhup C, cmzmrlhus jmterimds, mppdiamtihn hb bdmjjmkde
binisces, lryinf rhhjs, hrfmnia ahmtinfs mnl ahjkustikde sthrmfe hr cylrhfen bued fms rhhjs, mdd hb
wciac mre ahhrlinmtel witc tce QKA 3?=. Unique ahnsilermtihn is tm`en bhr speaimd use mrems, suac ms
ahverel jmdd kuidlinfs, jhthr-veciade-redmtel haaupmnaies, speaimd mjusejent kuidlinfs mnl mirarmbt-
redmtel haaupmnaies. Qpeaimd bmaidities witcin htcer haaupmnaies mre ahnsilerel, suac ms stmfes mnl
pdmtbhrjs, jhtihn piature prhgeatihn rhhjs, acidlren’s pdmy struatures mnl sthrj scedters. Binmddy,
Binmdd y, in
hrler tcmt tce hvermdd pma`mfe hb prhteatihn bemtures amn ke emsidy unlersthhl, unique ahnsilermtihns
bhr speaibia haaupmnaies mre mllressel7 Frhups I-=, I-;, I-1, [-=, [-;, [-1, [-<, mjkudmthry amre
bmaidities mnl dive/whr` units.
Acmpter 5 Fenermd Kuidlinf Ceifcts mnl Mrems . Acmpter 5 ahntmins tce prhvisihns tcmt refudmte tce
jinijuj type hb ahnstruatihn bhr mrem dijits mnl ceifct dijits kmsel hn tce haaupmnay hb tce kuidlinf.
Ceifct mnl mrem inaremses (inadulinf mddhwmnaes bhr kmsejents, jezzmnines
jez zmnines mnl equipjent pdmtbhrjs)
mre perjittel kmsel hn hpen brhntmfe bhr bire lepmrtjent maaess, mnl tce type hb sprin`der prhteatihn
prhvilel mnl sepmrmtihn (Qeatihns 5?1-5?2, 5=?). \cese tcreschdls
tcreschdls mre reluael bhr
bhr kuidlinfs
kuidlinfs hver
hver tcree
sthries in ceifct in maahrlmnae witc Qeatihns 5?2.;.1 mnl 5?2.;.<. _rhvisihns inadule tce prhteatihn
mnl/hr sepmrmtihn hb inailentmd uses (\mkde 5?9), maaesshry haaupmnaies (Qeatihn 5?3.;) mnl jixel
uses in tce smje
s mje kuidlinf (Qeatihns 5?2.;.;, 5?2.;.<, 5?3.1, 5?3.< mnl 5=?). Undijitel mrem kuidlinfs
mre perjittel in aertmin haaupmnaies wcen tcey jeet speaimd prhvisihns (Qeatihn 5?6).

QKA ;?=-A[-=3 vii

QUJJM[Y HB ACM_\E[Q

\mkdes 5?<.1, 5?<.< mnl 5?2.; mre tce `eysthnes in settinf tcreschdls bhr kuidlinf size kmsel hn tce
kuidlinf’s use mnl tce jmterimds witc wciac it is ahnstruatel.
a hnstruatel. Ib hne tcen dhh`s mt \mkdes 5?<.1, 5?<.<
mnl 5?2.;, tce redmtihnscip mjhnf frhup admssibiamtihn, mddhwmkde ceifcts mnl mrems mnl types hb
ahnstruatihn keahjes mppmrent. [espeative th emac frhup admssibiamtihn, tce fremter tce bire resistmnae
rmtinf hb struaturmd edejents, ms representel ky tce type hb ahnstruatihn, tce fremter tce bdhhr mrem mnl
ceifct mddhwmnaes. \ce fremter tce phtentimd bire cmzmrls inliamtel ms m bunatihn hb tce frhup, tce desser
tce ceifct mnl mrem mddhwmnaes bhr m pmrtiaudmr ahnstruatihn type. In tce ;?=3 elitihn, tce tmkde tcmt
hnae ahntminel khtc ceifct mnl mrem cms keen sepmrmtel mnl tcese tcree new tmkdes mllress tce thpias
inlivilumddy. In mllitihn, tce tmkdes dist ariterim bhr kuidlinfs ahntmininf muthjmtia sprin`der systejs
mnl tchse tcmt lh nht.
Acmpter 2 \ypes hb Ahnstruatihn . \ce interlepenlenae hb tcese bire smbety ahnsilermtihns amn ke
seen ky birst dhh`inf mt \mkdes 2?= mnl 2?;, wciac schw tce bire-resistmnae rmtinfs hb tce prinaipmd
struaturmd edejents ahjprisinf m kuidlinf in redmtihn th tce bive admssibiamtihns bhr types
t ypes hb ahnstruatihn.
\ype I ahnstruatihn is tce admssibiamtihn tcmt fenermddy requires tce cifcest bire-resistmnae rmtinfs bhr
struaturmd edejents, wcerems \ype R ahnstruatihn, wciac is lesifnmtel ms m ahjkustikde type hb
ahnstruatihn, fenermddy requires tce demst mjhunt hb bire-resistmnae-rmtel struaturmd edejents. \ce
fremter tce phtentimd bire cmzmrls inliamtel ms m bunatihn hb tce frhup, tce desser tce ceifct mnl mrem
mddhwmnaes bhr m pmrtiaudmr ahnstruatihn
ahnstruati hn type. Qeatihn 2?1 inadules m dist hb ahjkustikde edejents
ede jents tcmt
amn ke pmrt hb m nhn-ahjkustikde kuidlinf (\ypes I mnl II ahnstruatihn).
Acmpter 6 Bire mnl Qjh`e _rhteatihn Bemtures . \ce prhvisihns hb Acmpter 6 present tce
bunlmjentmd ahnaepts hb bire perbhrjmnae tcmt mdd kuidlinfs mre expeatel th macieve in shje bhrj. \cis
acmpter ilentibies tce maaeptmkde jmterimds, teacniques mnl jetchls ky wciac prhphsel ahnstruatihn
amn ke lesifnel mnl evmdumtel mfminst th leterjine m kuidlinf’s mkidity th dijit tce ijpmat hb bire. \ce
bire-resistmnae-rmtel ahnstruatihn requirejents witcin Acmpter 6 prhvile pmssive resistmnae th tce
spreml mnl ebbeats hb bire. \ypes hb sepmrmtihns mllressel inadule bire wmdds, bire kmrriers, bire pmrtitihns,
chrizhntmd mssejkdies, sjh`e kmrriers mnl sjh`e pmrtitihns. M bire prhluaes cemt tcmt amn wem`en
struaturmd ahjphnents mnl sjh`e prhluats tcmt amuse prhperty lmjmfe mnl pdmae haaupmnts mt ris`.
\ce requirejents hb Acmpter 6 whr` in unishn witc ceifct mnl mrem requirejents (Acmpter 5), mative
bire leteatihn mnl suppressihn systejs (Acmpter 9) mnl haaupmnt efress requirejents (Acmpter =?) th
ahntmin m bire schudl it haaur wcide cedpinf ensure haaupmnts mre mkde th smbedy exit.
Acmpter 3 Interihr Binisces . \cis acmpter ahntmins tce perbhrjmnae requirejents bhr ahntrhddinf bire
frhwtc witcin kuidlinfs ky restriatinf interihr binisc mnl leahrmtive jmterimds. _mst bire
b ire experienae cms
schwn tcmt interihr binisc mnl leahrmtive jmterimds mre `ey edejents in tce levedhpjent mnl spreml hb
bire. \ce prhvisihns hb Acmpter 3 require jmterimds usel ms interihr binisces mnl leahrmtihns th jeet
aertmin bdmje-spreml inlex hr bdmje-prhpmfmtihn ariterim kmsel hn tce redmtive bire cmzmrl msshaimtel
witc tce haaupmnay. Ms sjh`e is mdsh m cmzmrl msshaimtel witc bire, tcis acmpter ahntmins dijits hn tce
sjh`e levedhpjent acmrmateristias hb interihr binisces. \ce perbhrjmnae hb tce jmterimd is evmdumtel
kmsel hn test stmnlmrls.
Acmpter 9 Bire _rhteatihn Qystejs . Acmpter 9 presarikes tce jinijuj requirejents bhr mative
systejs hb bire prhteatihn equipjent th perbhrj tce bhddhwinf bunatihns7 leteat m bire0 mdert tce
haaupmnts hr bire lepmrtjent hb m bire ejerfenay0 mnl ahntrhd sjh`e mnl ahntrhd hr extinfuisc tce bire.
Fenermddy, tce requirejents mre kmsel hn tce haaupmnay, tce ceifct mnl tce mrem hb tce kuidlinf,
keamuse tcese mre tce bmathrs tcmt jhst mbbeat bire-bifctinf ampmkidities mnl tce redmtive cmzmrl hb m
speaibia kuidlinf hr phrtihn tcerehb. \cis acmpter pmrmddeds mnl is sukstmntimddy lupdiamtel in Acmpter 9
hb tce Qmuli Bire Ahle (QKA 3?=)0 chwever, tce QKA 3?= Acmpter 9 mdsh ahntmins perihlia testinf
ariterim tcmt mre nht ahntminel in tce QKA. In mllitihn, tce speaimd bire prhteatihn systej requirejents
kmsel hn use mnl haaupmnay bhunl in QKA Acmpter < mre lupdiamtel in QKA 3?= Acmpter 9 ms m user
ahnvenienae.
Acmpter =? Jemns hb Efress. \ce fenermd ariterim set bhrtc in Acmpter =? refudmtinf tce lesifn hb tce
jemns hb efress mre estmkdiscel
estmkdi scel ms tce prijmry jetchl bhr prhteatihn hb pehpde in kuidlinfs ky mddhwinf

QKA ;?=-A[-=3 viii

QUJJM[Y HB ACM_\E[Q

tijedy redhamtihn hr evmaumtihn hb kuidlinf haaupmnts. Khtc presariptive mnl perbhrjmnae dmnfumfe is
utidizel in tcis acmpter th prhvile bhr m kmsia
k msia mpprhmac in tce leterjinmtihn hb m ssmbe
mbe exitinf systej bhr
mdd haaupmnaies. It mllresses mdd phrtihns hb tce efress systej (i.e., exit maaess, exits mnl exit lisacmrfe)
mnl inadules lesifn requirejents ms wedd ms prhvisihns refudmtinf inlivilumd ahjphnents. \ce
requirejents letmid tce size, mrrmnfejent, nujker mnl prhteatihn hb jemns hb efress ahjphnents.
Bunatihnmd mnl hpermtihnmd acmrmateristias mdsh mre speaibiel bhr tce ahjphnents tcmt widd perjit tceir
smbe use witchut speaimd `nhwdelfe hr ebbhrt. \ce jemns hb efress prhteatihn requirejents whr` in
ahhrlinmtihn witc htcer seatihns hb tce ahle, suac ms prhteatihn hb vertiamd hpeninfs (see Acmpter 6),
interihr binisc (see Acmpter 3), bire suppressihn mnl leteatihn systejs (see Acmpter 9) mnl nujerhus
htcers, mdd cmvinf mn ijpmat hn dibe smbety. Acmpter =? hb tce QKA ;?= is lupdiamtel in Acmpter =? hb
tce QKA 3?=0 chwever, tce QKA 3?= ahntmins hne mllitihnmd seatihn hn tce t ce jemns hb efress systej
s ystej in
existinf kuidlinfs.
Acmpter == Maaessikidity. Acmpter == ahntmins prhvisihns tcmt set bhrtc requirejents bhr maaessikidity
hb kuidlinfs mnl tceir msshaimtel sites mnl bmaidities bhr pehpde witc pcysiamd lismkidities. \ce
bunlmjentmd pcidhshpcy hb tce ahle hn tce sukgeat hb maaessikidity is tcmt everytcinf is requirel th ke
maaessikde. \cis is rebdeatel in tce kmsia mppdiamkidity requirejent (see Qeatihn ==?1.=). \ce ahle’s
sahpinf requirejents tcen mllress tce ahnlitihns unler wciac maaessikidity
maaessi kidity is nht requirel in terjs hb
exaeptihns th tcis fenermd jmnlmte. Vcide tce QKA ;?= ahntmins sahpinf prhvisihns bhr maaessikidity
(e.f., wcmt, wcere mnl chw jmny), IAA/MNQI M==6.=, Maaessikde mnl Usmkde Kuidlinfs mnl Bmaidities,
is tce reberenael stmnlmrl bhr tce teacniamd prhvisihns (i.e., chw).
\cere mre jmny maaessikidity issues tcmt nht hndy kenebit pehpde witc lismkidities, kut mdsh prhvile m
tmnfikde kenebit th pehpde witchut lismkidities. \cis type hb requirejent amn ke set bhrtc in tce ahle ms
fenermddy mppdiamkde witchut neaessmridy ilentibyinf it speaibiamddy ms mn maaessikidity-redmtel issue.
Quac m requirejent whudl tcen ke ahnsilerel ms cmvinf keen —jminstremjel.‚ Bhr exmjpde, visikde
mdmrjs mre dhamtel in Acmpter 9 mnl maaessikde jemns hb efress mnl rmjp requirejents mre mllressel
in Acmpter =?.
Maaessikidity ariterim bhr existinf kuidlinfs mre mllressel in tce Qmuli Existinf Kuidlinf Ahle (QKA
9?=).
Mppenlix E is suppdejentmd inbhrjmtihn inadulel in tce ahle th mllress maaessikidity bhr itejs in tce
Qtmnlmrls bhr Maaessikde Lesifn tcmt were nht typiamddy enbhraemkde tcrhufc tce stmnlmrl trmlitihnmd
kuidlinf ahle enbhraejent
en bhraejent mpprhmac systej (e.f.,
( e.f., kels, rhhj sifnmfe). \ce Qmuli [esilentimd Ahle
(QKA ==?=) reberenaes Acmpter == bhr maaessikidity prhvisihns0 tcerebhre, tcis acmpter jmy ke
mppdiamkde th chusinf ahverel unler tce QKA ==?=.
Acmpter =; Interihr Envirhnjent. Acmpter =; prhviles jinijuj stmnlmrls bhr tce interihr
envirhnjent hb m kuidlinf. \ce stmnlmrls mllress tce jinijuj sizes hb spmaes, jinijuj tejpermture
te jpermture
deveds, mnl jinijuj difct mnl ventidmtihn deveds. \ce ahddeatihn hb requirejents mllresses dijitinf
shunl trmnsjissihn tcrhufc wmdds, ventidmtihn hb mttia spmaes mnl unler bdhhr spmaes (armwd spmaes).
Binmddy, tce acmpter prhviles jinijuj stmnlmrls bhr thidet mnl kmtcrhhj ahnstruatihn, inadulinf
privmay sciedlinf mnl stmnlmrls bhr wmdds, pmrtitihns mnl bdhhrs
bdhhrs th resist wmter intrusihn mnl lmjmfe.
Acmpter =1 Enerfy Ebbiaienay . \ce purphse hb Acmpter =1 is th prhvile jinijuj lesifn
requirejents tcmt widd prhjhte ebbiaient utidizmtihn hb enerfy in kuidlinfs. \ce requirejents mre
lireatel thwmrl tce lesifn hb kuidlinf envedhpes witc mlequmte tcerjmd resistmnae mnl dhw mir dem`mfe,
mnl thwmrl tce lesifn mnl sedeatihn hb jeacmniamd, wmter cemtinf, edeatriamd mnl iddujinmtihn systejs
tcmt prhjhte ebbeative use hb lepdetmkde enerfy reshuraes. Bhr tce speaibias hb tcese ariterim, Acmpter
=1 requires lesifn mnl ahnstruatihn in ahjpdimnae witc tce Qmuli Enerfy Ahnservmtihn Ahle (QKA
2?= mnl QKA 2?;).
Acmpter =< Exterihr Vmdds . \cis acmpter mllresses requirejents bhr exterihr wmdds hb kuidlinfs.
Jinijuj stmnlmrls bhr wmdd ahverinf jmterimds, instmddmtihn hb wmdd ahverinfs mnl tce mkidity hb tce
wmdd th prhvile wemtcer prhteatihn mre prhvilel. \cis acmpter
acmpter mdsh requires exterihr wmdds tcmt mre adhse
th dht dines, hr tcmt mre kemrinf wmdds bhr aertmin types hb ahnstruatihn, th ahjpdy witc tce jinijuj

QKA ;?=-A[-=3 ix

QUJJM[Y HB ACM_\E[Q

bire-resistmnae rmtinfs speaibiel in Acmpters 2 mnl 6. \ce instmddmtihn hb emac type hb wmdd ahverinf, ke
it whhl, jmshnry, vinyd, jetmd ahjphsite jmterimd hr mn exterihr
exte rihr insudmtihn mnl binisc systej, is aritiamd
aritia md
th its dhnf-terj perbhrjmnae in prhteatinf tce interihr
inter ihr hb tce kuidlinf brhj tce edejents mnl tce spreml
hb bire. Dijitmtihns hn tce use hb ahjkustikde jmterimds hn exterihr kuidlinf
k uidlinf edejents suac ms kmdahnies,
emves, lea`s mnl mraciteaturmd trij mre mdsh mllressel in tcis acmpter.
Acmpter =5 [hhb Mssejkdies mnl [hhb-thp Qtruatures . Acmpter =5 prhviles stmnlmrls bhr khtc rhhb
mssejkdies ms wedd ms struatures tcmt sit hn thp hb tce rhhb hb kuidlinfs. \ce ariterim mllress rhhb
ahnstruatihn mnl ahverinf wciac inadules tce wemtcer-prhteative kmrrier mt tce rhhb mnl, in jhst
airaujstmnaes, m bire-resistmnt kmrrier. \ce acmpter is presariptive in nmture mnl is kmsel hn leamles hb
experienae witc vmrihus trmlitihnmd jmterimds, kut it mdsh mllresses newer prhluats suac ms pchthvhdtmia
scinfdes. \cese presariptive rudes mre very ijphrtmnt bhr smtisbyinf perbhrjmnae hb hne type hb rhhb
ahverinf hr mnhtcer. Qeatihn =5=? mllresses rhhb-thp struatures, inadulinf pentchuses, tmn`s, thwers
mnl spires. [hhb-thp pentchuses dmrfer tcmn presarikel in tcis acmpter just ke tremtel ms m sthry unler
Acmpter 5.
Acmpter =2 Qtruaturmd Lesifn. Acmpter =2 presarikes jinijuj struaturmd dhmlinf requirejents bhr
use in tce lesifn mnl ahnstruatihn hb kuidlinfs mnl struaturmd ahjphnents. It inadules jinijuj lesifn
lesi fn
dhmls, mssifnjent hb ris` amtefhries, ms wedd ms perjittel lesifn jetchlhdhfies. Qtmnlmrls mre
prhvilel bhr jinijuj lesifn
lesifn dhmls (dive, leml, winl, rmin, bdhhl mnl emrtcqum`e ms wedd ms tce requirel
dhml ahjkinmtihns). \ce mppdiamtihn hb tcese dhmls mnl mlcerenae th tce serviaemkidity ariterim widd
encmnae tce prhteatihn hb dibe mnl prhperty. Qtruaturmd lesifn neels th mllress tce ahnlitihns hb tce
site mnl dhamtihn. \cerebhre, jmps mre prhvilel hb rminbmdd, seisjia mnl winl ariterim in libberent
refihns.
Acmpter =6 Qpeaimd Inspeatihns mnl \ests. Acmpter =6 prhviles m vmriety hb prhaelures mnl ariterim
bhr testinf jmterimds mnl mssejkdies, dmkedinf jmterimds mnl mssejkdies mnl speaimd inspeatihn hb
struaturmd mssejkdies. \cis acmpter expmnls hn tce inspeatihns hb Acmpter = ky requirinf speaimd
inspeatihn wcere inliamtel mnl, in shje amses, struaturmd hkservmtihn. It mdsh spedds hut mllitihnmd
resphnsikidities bhr tce hwner, ahntrmathr, lesifn prhbessihnmds mnl speaimd inspeathrs. _rhper mssejkdy
hb struaturmd ahjphnents, prhper qumdity hb jmterimds usel mnl prhper mppdiamtihn hb jmterimds mre
essentimd th ensurinf tcmt m kuidlinf, hnae ahnstruatel, ahjpdies witc tce struaturmd mnl bire-resistmnae
jinijujs hb tce ahle mnl tce mpprhvel lesifn. \h leterjine tcis ahjpdimnae hbten requires
ahntinuhus hr brequent inspeatihn mnl testinf. Acmpter =6 estmkdisces stmnlmrls bhr speaimd inspeatihn,
testinf mnl rephrtinf hb tce whr` th tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd.
Acmpter =3 Qhids mnl Bhunlmtihns . Acmpter =3 prhviles ariterim bhr fehteacniamd mnl struaturmd
ahnsilermtihns in tce sedeatihn, lesifn mnl instmddmtihn hb bhunlmtihn systejs th supphrt tce dhmls brhj
tce struature mkhve. \ce acmpter inadules requirejents bhr shids investifmtihn mnl site prepmrmtihn bhr
reaeivinf m bhunlmtihn, inadulinf tce mddhwel dhml-kemrinf vmdues bhr shids mnl bhr prhteatinf tce
bhunlmtihn brhj wmter intrusihn. Qeatihn =3?3 mllresses tce kmsia requirejents bhr mdd bhunlmtihn
types. Dmter seatihns mllress bhunlmtihn requirejents tcmt mre speaibia th scmddhw bhunlmtihns mnl leep
bhunlmtihns. Lue amre just ke exeraisel in tce pdmnninf mnl lesifn hb bhunlmtihn systejs kmsel hn
hktmininf subbiaient shids inbhrjmtihn, tce use hb maaeptel enfineerinf prhaelures, experienae mnl
fhhl teacniamd gulfjent.
Acmpter =9 Ahnarete. \cis acmpter prhviles jinijuj maaeptel prmatiaes bhr tce lesifn mnl
ahnstruatihn hb kuidlinfs mnl struaturmd ahjphnents usinf ahnarete“khtc pdmin mnl reinbhrael.
Acmpter =9 redies prijmridy hn tce reberenae th QKA 1?<, Kuidlinf Ahle [equirejents bhr Qtruaturmd
Ahnarete. \ce acmpter mdsh inadules reberenaes th mllitihnmd stmnlmrls. Qtruaturmd ahnarete just ke
lesifnel mnl ahnstruatel th ahjpdy witc tcis ahle mnl mdd distel
dis tel stmnlmrls. \cere mre speaibia seatihns
hb tce acmpter mllressinf ahnarete sdmks, mnachrmfe th ahnarete mnl schtarete. Keamuse hb tce vmrimkde
prhperties hb jmterimd mnl nujerhus
nujerhus lesifn mnl ahnstruatihn hptihns mvmidmkde in tce uses hb aahnarete,
hnarete,
lue amre mnl ahntrhd tcrhufchut tce ahnstruatihn prhaess is neaessmry.

QKA ;?=-A[-=3 x

QUJJM[Y HB ACM_\E[Q

Acmpter ;? Mdujinuj. Acmpter ;? ahntmins stmnlmrls bhr tce use hb mdujinuj in kuidlinf
ahnstruatihn. Hndy tce struaturmd mppdiamtihns hb mdujinuj mre mllressel. \ce acmpter lhes nht mllress
tce use hb mdujinuj in speaimdty prhluats suac ms sthrebrhnt hr winlhw brmjinf hr mraciteaturmd
cmrlwmre. \ce use hb mdujinuj in cemtinf, ventidmtinf hr mir-ahnlitihninf
mir -ahnlitihninf systejs is mllressel in tce
t ce
Qmuli Jeacmniamd Ahle (QKA 5?=). \ce acmpter reberenaes nmtihnmd stmnlmrls brhj tce Mdujinuj
Msshaimtihn bhr use hb mdujinuj in kuidlinf ahnstruatihn, MM MQJ 15, Mdujinuj Qceet Jetmd Vhr`
in Kuidlinf Ahnstruatihn, mnl MM MLJ =, Mdujinuj Lesifn Jmnumd. Ky utidizinf tce stmnlmrls set
bhrtc, m prhper mppdiamtihn hb tcis jmterimd amn ke hktminel.
Acmpter ;= Jmshnry. \cis acmpter prhviles ahjprecensive mnl prmatiamd requirejents bhr jmshnry
ahnstruatihn. \ce prhvisihns hb Acmpter ;= require jinijuj maaeptel prmatiaes mnl tce use hb
stmnlmrls bhr tce lesifn mnl ahnstruatihn hb jmshnry struatures. \ce prhvisihns mllress7 jmterimd
speaibiamtihns mnl test jetchls0 types hb wmdd ahnstruatihn0 ariterim bhr enfineerel mnl ejpiriamd
lesifns0 mnl requirel letmids hb ahnstruatihn, inadulinf tce exeautihn hb ahnstruatihn. Jmshnry lesifn
jetchlhdhfies inadulinf mddhwmkde stress lesifn, strenftc lesifn mnl ejpiriamd lesifn mre ahverel ky
prhvisihns hb tce acmpter. Mdsh
Mds h mllressel mre jmshnry
jms hnry birepdmaes mnl acijneys,
acij neys, jmshnry cemters mnl
fdmss unit jmshnry. Bire-resistmnt ahnstruatihn usinf jmshnry is mdsh requirel th ahjpdy witc Acmpter
6. Jmshnry bhunlmtihns mre mdsh sukgeat th tce requirejents hb Acmpter =3.
Acmpter ;; Qteed. Acmpter ;; prhviles tce requirejents neaessmry bhr tce lesifn mnl ahnstruatihn hb
struaturmd steed (inadulinf ahjphsite ahnstruatihn), ahdl-bhrjel steed, steed ghists,
ghist s, steed amkde struatures
mnl steed sthrmfe rma`s. \ce acmpter speaibies mpprhprimte lesifn mnl ahnstruatihn stmnlmrls bhr tcese
types hb struatures. It mdsh prhviles m rhml jmp hb tce mppdiamkde teacniamd requirejents bhr steed
struatures. Keamuse steed is
i s m nhnahjkustikde kuidlinf jmterimd, it is ahjjhndy msshaimtel witc \ypes \ ypes
I mnl II ahnstruatihn0 chwever, it is perjittel th ke usel in mdd types hb ahnstruatihn. Acmpter ;;
requires tcmt tce lesifn mnl use hb steed jmterimds ke in maahrlmnae witc tce speaibiamtihns
speaibi amtihns mnl stmnlmrls
hb tce Qmuli Qtmnlmrls, Jetrhdhfy mnl ]umdity Hrfmnizmtihn (QMQH), Mjeriamn Institute hb Qteed
Ahnstruatihn, tce Mjeriamn Irhn mnl Qteed Institute, tce Qteed Ghist Institute mnl tce Mjeriamn Qhaiety
hb Aivid Enfineers.
Acmpter ;1 Vhhl. \cis acmpter prhviles jinijuj requirejents bhr tce lesifn hb kuidlinfs mnl
struatures tcmt use whhl mnl whhl-kmsel prhluats. \ce acmpter is hrfmnizel mrhunl tcree lesifn
jetchlhdhfies7 mddhwmkde stress lesifn (MQL), dhml mnl resistmnae bmathr lesifn (D[BL) mnl
ahnventihnmd difct-brmje ahnstruatihn. Inadulel in tce acmpter mre reberenaes th lesifn mnl
jmnubmaturinf stmnlmrls bhr vmrihus whhl mnl whhl-kmsel prhluats0 fenermd ahnstruatihn
requirejents0 lesifn ariterim bhr dmtermd bhrae-resistinf systejs mnl speaibia requirejents bhr tce
mppdiamtihn hb tce tcree lesifn jetchls. In fenermd, hndy \ype III, IR hr R kuidlinfs jmy ke
ahnstruatel hb whhl.
Acmpter ;< Fdmss mnl Fdmzinf. \cis acmpter estmkdisces refudmtihns bhr fdmss mnl fdmzinf usel in
kuidlinfs mnl struatures tcmt, wcen instmddel, mre sukgeatel th winl, snhw mnl lemlleml dhmls. Enfineerinf
Enfineerinf
mnl lesifn requirejents mre inadulel in tce acmpter. Mllitihnmd struaturmd requirejents mre bhunl in
Acmpter =2. Mnhtcer ahnaern hb tcis acmpter is fdmss mnl fdmzinf usel in mrems wcere it is di`edy th ke
ijpmatel ky tce haaupmnts. Qeatihn ;<?2 ilentibies cmzmrlhus dhamtihns wcere fdmzinf instmddel just
eitcer ke smbety fdmzinf hr kdha`el th prevent cujmn ijpmat. Qmbety fdmzinf just jeet strinfent
stmnlmrls mnl ke mpprhprimtedy jmr`el hr ilentibiel. Mllitihnmd requirejents mre prhvilel bhr fdmss
mnl fdmzinf in fumrls, cmnlrmids, edevmthr chistwmys mnl edevmthr amrs, ms wedd ms in mtcdetia bmaidities.
Acmpter ;5 Fypsuj Khmrl, Fypsuj _mned _rhluats mnl _dmster . Acmpter ;5 ahntmins tce
prhvisihns mnl reberenael stmnlmrls tcmt refudmte
refudmte tce lesifn, ahnstruatihn mnl qumdity hb fypsuj
fypsuj khmrl,
fypsuj pmned prhluats mnl pdmster. It mdsh mllresses reinbhrael fypsuj ahnarete. \cese represent tce
jhst ahjjhn interihr mnl exterihr binisc jmterimds in tce kuidlinf inlustry. \cis acmpter prijmridy
mllresses qumdity-ahntrhd-redmtel issues witc refmrl th jmterimd speaibiamtihns mnl instmddmtihn
requirejents. Jhst prhluats mre jmnubmaturel unler tce ahntrhd hb inlustry stmnlmrls. \ce kuidlinf
hbbiaimd hr inspeathr prijmridy neels th veriby tcmt tce mpprhprimte prhluat is usel mnl prhperdy instmddel

QKA ;?=-A[-=3 xi

QUJJM[Y HB ACM_\E[Q

bhr tce intenlel use mnl dhamtihn. Vcide hbten sijpdy usel ms wmdd mnl aeidinf ahverinfs, prhper lesifn
mnl mppdiamtihn mre neaessmry th prhvile wemtcer resistmnae mnl requirel bire prhteatihn bhr khtc
struaturmd mnl nhnstruaturmd kuidlinf ahjphnents.
Acmpter ;2 _dmstia. \ce use hb pdmstias in kuidlinf ahnstruatihn mnl ahjphnents is mllressel in
Acmpter ;2. \cis acmpter prhviles stmnlmrls mllressinf bhmj pdmstia insudmtihn, bhmj pdmstias usel ms
interihr binisc mnl trij, mnl htcer pdmstia veneers usel hn tce insile hr hutsile hb m kuidlinf. _dmstia
silinf is refudmtel ky Acmpter =<. Qeatihns ;2?2 tcrhufc ;2== mllress tce use hb difct-trmnsjittinf
pdmstias in vmrihus ahnbifurmtihns suac ms wmdds, rhhb pmneds, s`ydifcts, sifns mnl ms fdmzinf.
[equirejents bhr tce use hb biker-reinbhrael phdyjers, bikerfdmss-reinbhrael phdyjers mnl rebdeative
pdmstia ahre insudmtihn mre mdsh ahntminel in tcis acmpter. Mllitihnmddy,
Mllitihnmddy, requirejents speaibia th tce use
hb whhl-pdmstia ahjphsites mnl pdmstia dujker mre ahntminel in tcis acmpter. Qhje pdmstias excikit
rmpil bdmje spreml mnl cemvy sjh`e lensity acmrmateristias wcen exphsel th bire. Exphsure th tce cemt
fenermtel ky m bire amn amuse shje pdmstias th lebhrj, wciac amn mbbeat tceir perbhrjmnae. \ce
requirejents mnl dijitmtihns hb tcis acmpter mre neaessmry th ahntrhd tce use hb pdmstia
pdmsti a mnl bhmj pdmstia
prhluats suac tcmt tcey lh nht ahjprhjise
ahjprhjise tce smbety hb kuidlinf haaupmnts.
Acmpter ;6 Edeatriamd. Qinae edeatriamd systejs mnl ahjphnents mre mn intefrmd pmrt hb mdjhst mdd
struatures, it is neaessmry bhr tce ahle th mllress tce instmddmtihn hb suac systejs. Bhr tcis purphse,
Acmpter ;6 reberenaes tce Nmtihnmd Edeatriamd Ahle (NEA) mnl QKA <?=. In mllitihn, Qeatihn ;6?;
mllresses ejerfenay mnl stmnlky phwer requirejents. Quac systejs just ahjpdy witc tce Qmuli Bire
Ahle (QKA 3?=) mnl reberenael stmnlmrls. \cis seatihn mdsh prhviles reberenaes th tce vmrihus ahle
seatihns requirinf ejerfenay mnl stmnlky phwer, suac ms cifc-rise kuidlinfs mnl kuidlinfs ahntmininf
cmzmrlhus jmterimds.
Acmpter ;3 Jeacmniamd Qystejs. Nemrdy mdd kuidlinfs widd inadule jeacmniamd systejs. \cis acmpter
prhviles reberenaes th tce Qmuli Jeacmniamd Ahle (QKA 5?=) mnl tce Qmuli Bued Fms Ahle (QKA
=;?=) bhr tce lesifn mnl instmddmtihn hb jeacmniamd systejs. In mllitihn, Acmpter ;= hb tcis ahle is
reberenael bhr jmshnry acijneys, birepdmaes mnl kmrkeaues.
Acmpter ;9 _dujkinf Qystejs. Acmpter ;9 refudmtes tce jinijuj nujker hb pdujkinf bixtures tcmt
just ke prhvilel bhr every type hb kuidlinf. \cis acmpter mdsh refudmtes tce dhamtihn hb tce requirel
bixtures in vmrihus types hb kuidlinfs. \cis seatihn requires sepmrmte bmaidities bhr jmdes mnl bejmdes
exaept bhr aertmin types hb sjmdd haaupmnaies. \ce refudmtihns in tcis acmpter ahje lireatdy brhj
Acmpters 1 mnl < hb tce Qmuli _dujkinf Ahle (QKA 6?=).
Acmpter 1? Edevmthrs mnl Ahnveyinf Qystejs . Acmpter 1? prhviles stmnlmrls bhr tce instmddmtihn hb
edevmthrs inth kuidlinfs. [eberenael stmnlmrls prhvile tce requirejents bhr tce edevmthr systej mnl
jeacmnisjs. Letmidel stmnlmrls mre prhvilel in tce acmpter bhr chist wmy enadhsures, jmacine rhhjs
mnl requirejents bhr sizinf hb edevmthrs.
Acmpter 1= Qpeaimd Ahnstruatihn . Acmpter 1= ahntmins m ahddeatihn hb refudmtihns bhr m vmriety hb
unique struatures mnl mraciteaturmd bemtures. _elestrimn wmd`wmys mnl tunneds ahnneatinf twh
kuidlinfs mre mllressel in Qeatihn 1=?<. Jejkrmne mnl mir-supphrtel struatures mre mllressel ky
Qeatihn 1=?;. Qmbefumrls bhr swijjinf phhd smbety mre bhunl in Qeatihn 1=?9. Qtmnlmrls bhr
tejphrmry struatures, inadulinf perjit requirejents mre prhvilel in Qeatihn 1=?1. Qtruatures ms vmriel
ms mwninfs, jmrquees, sifns, tedeahjjuniamtihn mnl krhmlamst thwers mnl muthjmtia veciaudmr fmtes
mre mdsh mllressel (see Qeatihns
Qeati hns 1=?5 tcrhufc 1=?3 mnl 11==?).
==?).
Acmpter 1; Enarhmacjents inth tce _ukdia [ifct-hb-wmy . Kuidlinfs mnl struatures brhj tije th
tije mre lesifnel th extenl hver m prhperty dine mnl inth tce pukdia rifct-hb-wmy. Dhamd refudmtihns
hutsile hb tce kuidlinf ahle usumddy set dijits th suac enarhmacjents, mnl suac refudmtihns tm`e
preaelenae hver tce prhvisihns hb tcis acmpter. Qtmnlmrls
Qtmnlmrls mre prhvilel
prhvilel bhr enarhmacjents kedhw frmle
frmle
bhr struaturmd supphrt, vmudts mnl mremwmys. Enarhmacjents mkhve frmle mre livilel inth kedhw ;.<
jeters, ;.< jeters th <.5 jeters, mnl mkhve <.5 jeters, keamuse hb cemlrhhj mnl veciaudmr ceifct
issues. \cis inadules steps, ahdujns, mwninfs, amnhpies, jmrquees, sifns, winlhws mnl kmdahnies.

QKA ;?=-A[-=3 xii

QUJJM[Y HB ACM_\E[Q

Qijidmr mraciteaturmd bemtures mkhve frmle mre mdsh mllressel. _elestrimn wmd`wmys just mdsh ahjpdy
witc Acmpter 1=.
Acmpter 11 Qmbefumrls Lurinf Ahnstruatihn. Acmpter 11 prhviles smbety requirejents lurinf
ahnstruatihn mnl lejhditihn hb kuidlinfs mnl struatures. \cese requirejents mre intenlel th prhteat
tce pukdia brhj ingury mnl mlghininf prhperty brhj lmjmfe. In mllitihn, tce acmpter prhviles bhr tce
prhfressive instmddmtihn mnl hpermtihn hb exit stmirwmys mnl stmnlpipe systejs lurinf ahnstruatihn.
Acmpter 1< [eservel. Lurinf tce ahle levedhpjent ayade tce jejkerscip vhtel th ledete Acmpter
1<, Existinf Qtruatures, brhj tce QKA ;?= mnl reberenae tce QKA 9?=. \ce prhvisihns tcmt were in
Acmpter 1< widd mppemr in tce Qmuli Existinf Kuidlinf Ahle (QKA 9?=). Qeatihns 1<?; tcrhufc 1<==
mre repemtel ms QKA 9?= Acmpter < mnl Qeatihn 1<=; ms Acmpter =<.
Acmpter 15 [eberenael Qtmnlmrls. \ce ahle ahntmins nujerhus reberenaes th stmnlmrls tcmt mre usel
th refudmte jmterimds mnl jetchls hb ahnstruatihn. Acmpter 15 ahntmins m ahjprecensive dist hb mdd
stmnlmrls tcmt mre reberenael in tce ahle, inadulinf tce mppenliaes. \ce stmnlmrls mre pmrt hb tce ahle
th tce extent hb tce reberenae th tce stmnlmrl (see Qeatihn =?;.<). Ahjpdimnae witc tce reberenael
stmnlmrl is neaessmry bhr ahjpdimnae witc tcis ahle. Ky prhvilinf speaibiamddy mlhptel stmnlmrls, tce
ahnstruatihn mnl instmddmtihn requirejents neaessmry bhr ahjpdimnae witc tce ahle amn ke remlidy
leterjinel. \ce kmsis bhr ahle ahjpdimnae is, tcerebhre, estmkdiscel mnl mvmidmkde hn mn equmd kmsis th
tce kuidlinf ahle hbbiaimd, ahntrmathr, lesifner mnl hwner.
Acmpter 15 is hrfmnizel in m jmnner tcmt jm`es it emsy th dhamte speaibia stmnlmrls. It dists mdd hb tce
reberenael stmnlmrls, mdpcmketiamddy, ky marhnyj hb tce prhjudfmtinf mfenay hb tce stmnlmrl. Emac
mfenay’s stmnlmrls mre tcen distel in eitcer mdpcmketiamd hr nujeria hrler kmsel uphn tce stmnlmrl
ilentibiamtihn. \ce dist mdsh ahntmins tce titde hb tce stmnlmrl0 tce elitihn (lmte) hb tce stmnlmrl
reberenael0 mny mllenlm inadulel ms pmrt hb tce QKANA mlhptihn0 mnl tce seatihn hr seatihns hb tcis
ahle tcmt reberenae tce stmnlmrl.
Mppenliaes. Mppenliaes mre prhvilel in tce QKA ;?= th hbber hptihnmd hr suppdejentmd ariterim th tce
prhvisihns in tce jmin acmpters hb tce ahle. Mppenliaes prhvile mllitihnmd inbhrjmtihn bhr
mljinistrmtihn hb tce Lepmrtjent hb Kuidlinf Qmbety ms wedd ms stmnlmrls nht typiamddy mljinisterel
ky mdd kuidlinf lepmrtjents. Mppenliaes cmve tce smje bhrae mnl ebbeat ms tce birst 15 acmpters hb tce
QKA hndy wcen expdiaitdy mlhptel ky tce gurisliatihn.
Mppenlix M Ejpdhyee ]umdibiamtihns . Ebbeative mljinistrmtihn mnl enbhraejent hb tce bmjidy hb
QKANA Ahles lepenls hn tce trmininf mnl expertise hb tce pershnned ejpdhyel ky tce gurisliatihn
mnl cis hr cer `nhwdelfe hb tce ahles. Qeatihn =?1 hb tce ahle estmkdisces tce Lepmrtjent hb Kuidlinf
Qmbety mnl amdds bhr tce mpphintjent hb m kuidlinf hbbiaimd mnl leputies suac ms pdmns exmjiners mnl
inspeathrs. Mppenlix M prhviles stmnlmrls bhr experienae, trmininf mnl aertibiamtihn bhr tce kuidlinf
hbbiaimd mnl tce htcer stmbb jentihnel in Acmpter =.
Mppenlix K Khmrl hb Mppemds . Qeatihn ==1 hb Acmpter = requires tce estmkdiscjent hb m khmrl hb
mppemds th cemr mppemds refmrlinf leterjinmtihns jmle ky tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd. Mppenlix K prhviles
qumdibiamtihn stmnlmrls bhr jejkers hb tce khmrl ms wedd ms hpermtihnmd prhaelures hb suac khmrl.
Mppenlix A Frhup U“Mfriaudturmd Kuidlinfs. Mppenlix A prhviles m jhre dikermd set hb stmnlmrls stm nlmrls
bhr tce ahnstruatihn hb mfriaudturmd kuidlinfs, rmtcer tcmn striatdy bhddhwinf tce Utidity kuidlinf
prhvisihn, rebdeative hb
hb tceir speaibia usmfe mnl dijitel haaupmnt
haaupmnt dhml. \ce prhvisihns hb tce mppenlix,
wcen mlhptel, mddhw remshnmkde ceifcts mnl mrems ahjjensurmte witc tce ris` hb mfriaudturmd
kuidlinfs.
Mppenlix L Bire Listriats . Bire listriats cmve keen m thhd
t hhd usel th dijit ahnbdmfrmtihn cmzmrls in mrems
hb m aity witc intense mnl ahnaentrmtel levedhpjent. Jhre brequentdy usel unler tce jhled ahles tcmt
preaelel tce Qmuli Kuidlinf Ahle (QKA ;?=), tce mppenlix is prhvilel th mddhw gurisliatihns th
ahntinue tce lesifnmtihn mnl use hb bire listriats. Bire listriat stmnlmrls restriat aertmin haaupmnaies
witcin tce listriat, ms wedd ms settinf cifcer jinijuj ahnstruatihn stmnlmrls.
Mppenlix E Quppdejentmry Maaessikidity [equirejents. Mppenlix E inadules sahpinf
requirejents bhr Maaessikde Lesifn tcmt mre nht in Acmpter == mnl nht htcerwise jentihnel hr

QKA ;?=-A[-=3 xiii

QUJJM[Y HB ACM_\E[Q

jminstremjel tcrhufchut tce ahle. Itejs in tce mppenlix mllress sukgeats nht typiamddy mllressel in
kuidlinf ahles (e.f., kels,
kels, rhhj sifnmfe, trmnsphrtmtihn bmaidities).
Mppenlix B [hlent prhhbinf . \ce prhvisihns hb tcis mppenlix mre jinijuj jeacmniamd jetchls th th
prevent tce entry
entry hb rhlents inth m kuidlinf. \cese stmnlmrls, wcen
wcen usel in ahngunatihn witc ademndiness
mnl jmintenmnae prhfrmjs, amn sifnibiamntdy reluae tce phtentimd hb rhlents invmlinf
i nvmlinf m kuidlinf.
Mppenlix C Qifns. Mppenlix C fmtcers in hne pdmae tce vmrihus ahle stmnlmrls tcmt refudmte tce
ahnstruatihn mnl prhteatihn hb hutlhhr sifns. Vcenever phssikde, tce mppenlix prhviles stmnlmrls in
perbhrjmnae dmnfumfe, tcus mddhwinf tce wilest
wilest phssikde mppdiamtihn.
Mppenlix I _mtih Ahvers . Mppenlix I prhviles stmnlmrls mppdiamkde th tce ahnstruatihn mnl use hb
pmtih ahvers. It is dijitel in mppdiamtihn th pmtih ahvers maaesshry th lweddinf units. Ahvers hb pmtihs
mnl htcer hutlhhr mrems msshaimtel witc restmurmnts, jeramntide kuidlinfs, hbbiaes, nursinf chjes hr
htcer nhnlweddinf haaupmnaies whudl ke sukgeat th stmnlmrls in tce jmin ahle mnl nht tcis mppenlix.
Mppenlix G Frmlinf. Mppenlix G prhviles stmnlmrls bhr tce frmlinf hb prhperties. \ce mppenlix mdsh
prhviles stmnlmrls bhr mljinistrmtihn mnl enbhraejent hb m frmlinf prhfrmj inadulinf perjit mnl
inspeatihn requirejents. It is intenlel th prhvile ahnsistent mnl unibhrj ahle requirejents mnywcere
frmlinf is ahnsilerel mn issue.

QKA ;?=-A[-=3 xiv

\MKDE HB AHN\EN\Q

\MKD E HB AHN\EN\Q
AHN\EN\Q
QAH_E MNL M__DIAMKIDI\Y HB \CE QMULI KUIDLINF AHLE ........................................................................ =

QEA\IHN =?= FENE[MD ......................................................

.......................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................
.............................. =
QEA\IHN =?; M__DIAMKIDI\Y ..........................................................................................................................
......................................................... ....................................................................................
................... ;
QEA\IHN =?1 LE_M[\JEN\ HB KUIDLINF QMBE\Y ...........................................................................................................
....................................................... .................................................... ;
QEA\IHN =?< LU\IEQ MNL _HVE[Q HB KUIDLINF HBBIAIMD ............................................................................................ 1
QEA\IHN =?5 _E[JI\Q........................................................................................................................
....................................................... ...............................................................................................
.............................. <
 QEA\IHN =?2 BDHH[ MNL [HHB LEQIFN DHMLQ .............................................................................................................. 6
QEA\IHN =?6 QUKJI\\MD LHAUJEN\Q ........................................................................................................................... 6
QEA\IHN =?3 \EJ_H[M[Y Q\[UA\U[EQ MNL UQEQ .........................................................................................................
................................................................ ......................................... 9
QEA\IHN =?9 BEEQ ............................................................................................................................................................ 9
QEA\IHN ==? INQ_EA\IHNQ ............................................................................................................................................ =?
QEA\IHN === AE[\IBIAM\E HB HAAU_MNAY ................................................................................................................... ==
QEA\IHN ==; QE[RIAE U\IDI\IEQ ..................................................................................................................................... ==
QEA\IHN ==1 KHM[L HB M__EMDQ .................................................................................................................................. =;
QEA\IHN ==< RIHDM\IHNQ .............................................................................................................................................. =;
QEA\IHN ==5 Q\H_ VH[@ H[LE[ .................................................................................................................................. =;
QEA\IHN ==2 UNQMBE Q\[UA\U[EQ MNL E]UI_JEN\ .................................................................................................. =1

LEBINI\IHNQ ..............................................................................................................................................=5

QEA\IHN ;?= FENE[MD ..................................................................................................................................................... =5

QEA\IHN ;?; LEBINI\IHNQ ................................................................................................................................
............................................................... ..................................................................................
................. =5

UQE MNL HAAU_MNAY ADMQQIBIAM\IHN .....................................................................................................5<

QEA\IHN 1?= FENE[MD. .................................................................................................................................................... 5<

QEA\IHN 1?; ADMQQIBIAM\IHN............................................................................................................................
........................................................... ..................................................................................
................. 5<
QEA\IHN 1?1 MQQEJKDY F[HU_ M ................................................................................................................................. 5<
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............................................................................................................................
........................................................... 53?
QEA\IHN ;=?2 QEIQJIA LEQIFN ...............................................................
................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................
.... 53?
QEA\IHN ;=?6 MDDHVMKDE Q\[EQQ LEQIFN .................................................................................................................
................................................................. ................................................ 53?
QEA\IHN ;=?3 Q\[ENF\C LEQIFN HB JMQHN[Y .........................................................
.........................................................................................................
................................................ 53=
QEA\IHN ;=?9 EJ_I[IAMD LEQIFN HB JMQHN[Y.........................................................
.........................................................................................................
................................................ 53=
QEA\IHN ;==? FDMQQ UNI\ JMQHN[Y ......................................................................................................................... 531
QEA\IHN ;=== JMQHN[Y BI[E_DMAEQ.......................................................................................................................... 531
QEA\IHN ;==; JMQHN[Y CEM\E[Q .........................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.....................................................................
....... 531
QEA\IHN ;==1 JMQHN[Y ACIJNEYQ ........................................................................................................................... 531

Q\EED 532

QEA\IHN ;;?= FENE[MD ...............................................................

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................
............... 532
QEA\IHN ;;?; LEBINI\IHNQ ......................................................................................................................................... 532
QEA\IHN ;;?1 ILEN\IBIAM\IHN MNL _[H\EA\IHN HB Q\EED BH[ Q\[UA\U[MD _U[_HQEQ ........................................ 532

QKA ;?=-A[-=3 xix

\MKDE HB AHN\EN\Q

QEA\IHN ;;?< AHNNEA\IHNQ ...................................................................................................................................... 532

QEA\IHN ;;?5 Q\[UA\U[MD Q\EED ..........................................................
........................................................................................................................
.....................................................................
....... 532
QEA\IHN ;;?2 AHJ_HQI\E Q\[UA\U[MD Q\EED MNL AHNA[E\E Q\[UA\U[EQ........................................................... 536
QEA\IHN ;;?6 Q\EED GHIQ\Q ......................................................................................................................................... 536
QEA\IHN ;;?3 Q\EED AMKDE Q\[UA\U[EQ ....................................................................................................................
.......................................................... .......................................................... 533
QEA\IHN ;;?9 Q\EED Q\H[MFE [MA@Q ......................................................................................................................... 533
QEA\IHN ;;=? AHDL-BH[JEL Q\EED ........................................................................................................................... 533
QEA\IHN ;;== AHDL-BH[JEL Q\EED DIFC\-B[MJE AHNQ\[UA\IHN..........................................................................
........................................................... ............... 533
 VHHLQ .................................................................................................................................................59=

QEA\IHN ;1?= FENE[MD ...............................................................

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................
............... 59=
QEA\IHN ;1?; LEBINI\IHNQ ......................................................................................................................................... 59=
QEA\IHN ;1?1 JINIJUJ Q\MNLM[LQ MNL ]UMDI\Y ................................................................................................. 59=
QEA\IHN ;1?< FENE[MD AHNQ\[UA\IHN [E]UI[EJEN\Q ......................................................................................... 592
QEA\IHN ;1?5 FENE[MD LEQIFN [E]UI[EJEN\Q BH[ DM\E[MD BH[AE-[EQIQ\INF QYQ\EJQ .................................... 2?;
QEA\IHN ;1?2 MDDHVMKDE Q\[EQQ LEQIFN .................................................................................................................
................................................................. ................................................ 2?1
QEA\IHN ;1?6 DHML MNL [EQIQ\MNAE BMA\H[ LEQIFN .........................................................
..............................................................................................
..................................... 2?1
QEA\IHN ;1?3 AHNREN\IHNMD DIFC\-B[MJE AHNQ\[UA\IHN ........................................................
..................................................................................
.......................... 2?1
QEA\IHN ;1?9 VHHL B[MJE AHNQ\[UA\IHN JMNUMD ............................................................................................ 2?1

FDMQQ MNL FDMWINF ............................................................................................................................. 2;;

QEA\IHN ;<?= FENE[MD ................................................................................................................................................. 2;1

QEA\IHN ;<?; LEBINI\IHNQ ..............................................................................................................................
............................................................. ................................................................................
............... 2;1
QEA\IHN ;<?1 FENE[MD [E]UI[EJEN\Q BH[ FDMQQ ............................................................
............................................................................................................
................................................ 2;1
QEA\IHN ;<?< VINL, QNHV, QEIQJIA MNL LEML DHMLQ HN FDMQQ........................................................................................ 2;1
QEA\IHN ;<?5 QDH_EL FDMWINF MNL Q@YDIFC\Q ................................................................................................................. 2;2
QEA\IHN ;<?2 QMBE\Y FDMWINF ....................................................................................................................................... 2;3
DMQQ IN MNL[MIDQ MNL UM[LQ
QEA\IHN
QEA\IHN ;<?6
;<?3 F C M\CDE\IA BMAIDI\IEQ
FDMWINF IN F ...............................................................
...............................................................................................................
................................................ 21?
.................................................................................................................. 21=
QEA\IHN ;<?9 FDMQQ IN VMD@VMYQ, EDERM\H[ CHIQ\VMYQ MNL EDERM\H[ AM[Q....................................................................
................................................................ .... 21=

FY_QUJ KHM[L, FY_QUJ _MNED _[

_[HLUA\Q
HLUA\Q MNL _DMQ\E[ ................................................................ 215

QEA\IHN ;5?= FENE[MD ................................................................................................................................................. 215

QEA\IHN ;5?; LEBINI\IHNQ ..............................................................................................................................
............................................................. ................................................................................
............... 215
QEA\IHN ;5?1 INQ_EA\IHN .............................................................................................................................................. 215
QEA\IHN ;5?< RE[\IAMD MNL CH[IWHN\MD MQQEJKDIEQ .......................................................................................................
....................................................... ................................................ 215
QEA\IHN ;5?5 QCEM[ VMDD AHNQ\[UA\IHN ...................................................................................................................... 215
QEA\IHN ;5?2 FY_QUJ KHM[L MNL FY_QUJ _MNED _[HLUA\ JM\E[IMDQ ............................................................. 215
QEA\IHN ;5?6 DM\CINF MNL _DMQ\E[INF ...................................................................................................................
........................................................ ........................................................... 212
QEA\IHN ;5?3 FY_QUJ AHNQ\[UA\IHN ...........................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.......................................................... 212
QEA\IHN ;5?9 QCHVE[Q MNL VM\E[ ADHQE\Q .......................................................................................................... 216
QEA\IHN ;5=? DM\CINF MNL BU[[INF BH[ AEJEN\ _DMQ\E[ (Q\UAAH) ................................................................... 216
QEA\IHN ;5== IN\E[IH[ _DMQ\E[ ..................................................................................................................................... 213
QEA\IHN ;5=; ES\E[IH[ _DMQ\E[ ............................................................................................................................... 213
QEA\IHN ;5=1 ES_HQEL MFF[EFM\E _DMQ\E[............................................................
............................................................................................................
................................................ 219
QEA\IHN ;5=< [EINBH[AEL FY_QUJ AHNA[E\E ........................................................................................................ 2<?

_DMQ\IAQ ................................................................................................................................................2<2

QEA\IHN ;2?= FENE[MD. ................................................................................................................................................ 2<2

QEA\IHN ;2?; LEBINI\IHNQ ..............................................................................................................................
............................................................. ................................................................................
............... 2<2
QEA\IHN ;2?1 BHMJ _DMQ\IA INQUDM\IHN ...............................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.......................................................... 2<2
QEA\IHN ;2?< IN\E[IH[ BINIQC MNL \[IJ ..................................................................................................................
....................................................... ........................................................... 25=
QEA\IHN ;2?5 _DMQ\IA RENEE[ ................................................................................................................................... 25=
QEA\IHN ;2?2 DIFC\-\[MNQJI\\INF _DMQ\IAQ........................................................................................................... 25=
QEA\IHN ;2?6 DIFC\-\[MNQJI\\INF _DMQ\IA VMDD _MNEDQ ..................................................................................... 251
QEA\IHN ;2?3 DIFC\-\[MNQJI\\INF _DMQ\IA FDMWINF ............................................................................................. 251
QEA\IHN ;2?9 DIFC\-\[MNQJI\\INF _DMQ\IA [HHB _MNEDQ ..................................................................................... 25<

QKA ;?=-A[-=3 xx

\MKDE HB AHN\EN\Q

QEA\IHN ;2=? DIFC\-\[MNQJI\\INF _DMQ\IA Q@YDIFC\ FDMWINF ............................................................................. 255

QEA\IHN ;2== DIFC\-\[MNQJI\\INF _DMQ\IA IN\E[IH[ QIFNQ ........................................................
..................................................................................
.......................... 255
QEA\IHN ;2=; _DMQ\IA AHJ_HQI\EQ ...........................................................................................................................
................................................................ ........................................................... 252
QEA\IHN ;2=1 BIKE[-[EINBH[AEL _HDYJE[ .............................................................................................................. 252
QEA\IHN ;2=< [EBDEA\IRE _DMQ\IA AH[E INQUDM\IHN ............................................................................................... 256

EDEA\[IAMD ............................................................................................................................................ 22;

QEA\IHN ;6?= FENE[MD ................................................................................................................................................. 22;

 QEA\IHN ;6?; EJE[FENAY MNL Q\MNLKY _HVE[ QYQ\EJQ.................................................................................................. 22;

JEACMNIAMD QYQ\EJQ .........................................................................................................................225

QEA\IHN ;3?= FENE[MD ................................................................................................................................................. 225

_DUJKINF QYQ\EJQ ............................................................................................................................. 226

QEA\IHN ;9?= FENE[MD ................................................................................................................................................. 226

QEA\IHN ;9?; JINIJUJ _DUJKINF BMAIDI\IEQ.................................................................................................................. 226

EDERM\H[Q MNL AHNREYINF QYQ\EJQ .................................................................................................26<

QEA\IHN 1??= FENE[MD ...............................................................

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................
............... 26<
QEA\IHN 1??; CHIQ\VMY ENADHQU[EQ ...................................................................................................................... 26<
QEA\IHN 1??1 EJE[FENAY H_E[M\IHNQ ..........................................................
....................................................................................................................
.......................................................... 265
QEA\IHN 1??< AHNREYINF QYQ\EJQ ................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
........................................................... 265
QEA\IHN 1??5 JMACINE [HHJQ ..........................................................................................................................
............................................................ .....................................................................
....... 262
QEA\IHN 1??2 EDERM\H[ DHKKIEQ MNL CHIQ\VMY H_ENINF _[H\EA\IHN ............................................................... 266
QEA\IHN 1??6 BI[E QE[RIAE MAAEQQ EDERM\H[ ...........................................................................................................
........................................................... ................................................ 263
QEA\IHN 1??3 HAAU_MN\ ERMAUM\IHN EDERM\H[Q .................................................................................................. 269

Q_EAIMD AHNQ\[UA\IHN
AHNQ\[ UA\IHN ....................................................................................................................... 235

QEA\IHN 1=?= FENE[MD ...............................................................

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................
............... 235
QEA\IHN 1=?; JEJK[MNE Q\[UA\U[EQ .................................................................................................................... 235
QEA\IHN 1=?1 \EJ_H[M[Y Q\[UA\U[EQ ....................................................................................................................
.......................................................... .......................................................... 236
QEA\IHN 1=?< _ELEQ\[IMN VMD@VMYQ MNL \UNNEDQ .............................................................................................. 236
QEA\IHN 1=?5 MVNINFQ MNL AMNH_IEQ .................................................................................................................... 239
QEA\IHN 1=?2 JM[]UEEQ ........................................................................................................................................... 239
QEA\IHN 1=?6 QIFNQ .................................................................................................................................................... 239
QEA\IHN 1=?3 \EDEAHJJUNIAM\IHN MNL K[HMLAMQ\ \HVE[Q ............................................................................. 29?
QEA\IHN 1=?9 QVIJJINF _HHDQ, Q_MQ MNL CH\ \UKQ ............................................................................................ 29?
QEA\IHN 1==? MU\HJM\IA RECIAUDM[ FM\EQ ........................................................................................................... 29?
QEA\IHN 1=== _CH\HRHD\MIA _MNEDQ MNL JHLUDEQ .............................................................................................. 29?

ENA[HMACJEN\Q IN\H \CE _UKDIA [IFC\-HB-VMY ............................................................................ 29;

QEA\IHN 1;?= FENE[MD ...............................................................

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................
............... 29;
QEA\IHN 1;?; ENA[HMACJEN\Q ................................................................................................................................ 29;

QMBEFUM[LQ LU[INF
LU [INF A
AHNQ\[UA\IHN
HNQ\[UA\IHN .................................................................................................295

QEA\IHN 11?= FENE[MD ...............................................................

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................
............... 295
QEA\IHN 11?; AHNQ\[UA\IHN QMBEFUM[LQ.............................................................................................................. 295
QEA\IHN 11?1 LEJHDI\IHN ..........................................................................................................................
......................................................... ................................................................................
............... 295
QEA\IHN 11?< QI\E VH[@ ............................................................................................................................................ 295
QEA\IHN 11?5 QMNI\M[Y ...............................................................................................................................
.............................................................. ................................................................................
............... 292
QEA\IHN 11?2 _[H\EA\IHN HB _ELEQ\[IMNQ ............................................................................................................. 292
QEA\IHN 11?6 _[H\EA\IHN HB MLGHININF _[H_E[\Y ............................................................................................... 296
QEA\IHN 11?3 \EJ_H[M[Y UQE HB Q\[EE\Q, MDDEYQ MNL _UKDIA _[H_E[\Y ............................................................ 296
QEA\IHN 11?9 BI[E ES\INFUIQCE[Q ............................................................................................................................ 293
QEA\IHN 11=? JEMNQ HB EF[EQQ .........................................................................................................................
........................................................... .....................................................................
....... 293
QEA\IHN 11== Q\MNL_I_EQ .......................................................................................................................................... 293
QEA\IHN 11=; MU\HJM\IA Q_[IN@DE[ QYQ\EJ ..........................................................
..........................................................................................................
................................................ 293

QKA ;?=-A[-=3 xxi

\MKDE HB AHN\EN\Q

QEA\IHN 11=1 VM\E[ QU__DY BH[ BI[E _[H\EA\IHN ............................................................

.................................................................................................
..................................... 293

[EQE[REL .............................................................................................................................................. 6?=

[EBE[ENAEL Q\MNLM[LQ
Q\ MNLM[LQ ..................................................................................................................... 6?1

M__ENLIS M. EJ_DHYEE ]UMDIBIAM\IHNQ ......................................................................................................652

M=?= KUIDLINF HBBIAIMD ]UMDIBIAM\IHNQ ............................................................................................................ 652

M=?; [EBE[ENAEL Q\MNLM[LQ.........................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.....................................................................
....... 652
M__ENLIS K. KHM[L HB M__EMDQ ...................................................................................................................653

K=?= FENE[MD ........................................................................................................................................................ 653

M__ENLIS A. F[HU_ U-MF[IAUD\U[MD KUIDLINFQ ........................................................................................62=

A=?= FENE[MD ........................................................................................................................................................ 62=

A=?; MDDHVMKDE CEIFC\ MNL M[EM .....................................................................................................................
........................................................... .......................................................... 62=
A=?1 JISEL HAAU_MNAIEQ .................................................................................................................................... 62=
A=?< ESI\Q .............................................................................................................................................................. 62=

M__ENLIS L. BI[E LIQ\[IA\Q ...........................................................................................................................62<

L=?= FENE[MD..................................................................................................................................................... 62<

L=?; KUIDLINF [EQ\[IA\IHNQ ............................................................................................................................... 62<
L=?1 ACMNFEQ \H KUIDLINFQ .........................................................................................................................
........................................................... .....................................................................
....... 625
L=?< KUIDLINFQ DHAM\EL _M[\IMDDY IN \CE BI[E LIQ\[IA\ ..................................................................................
........................................................ .......................... 625
L=?5 ESAE_\IHNQ \H [EQ\[IA\IHNQ IN BI[E LIQ\[IA\ ........................................................................... 625
L=?2 [EBE[ENAEL Q\MNLM[LQ .........................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.....................................................................
....... 622

M__ENLIS E. QU__DEJEN\M[Y MAAEQQIKIDI\Y

MAAEQQIK IDI\Y [E]UI[EJEN\Q
[E]UI[ EJEN\Q .....................................................................623

E=?= FENE[MD ........................................................................................................................................................ 629

E=?; LEBINI\IHNQ .................................................................................................................................................. 629
E=?1 MAAEQQIKDE [HU\E ........................................................................................................................................ 629
E=?< Q_EAIMD HAAU_MNAIEQ .................................................................................................................................. 629
E=?5 H\CE[ BEM\U[EQ MNL BMAIDI\IEQ ................................................................................................................. 629
E=?2 \EDE_CHNEQ .................................................................................................................................................. 66?
E=?6 QIFNMFE ........................................................................................................................................................ 66=
E=?3 KUQ Q\H_Q...................................................................................................................................................... 66;
E=?9 \[MNQ_H[\M\IHN BMAIDI\IEQ MNL Q\M\IHNQ ............................................................................................... 66;
E==? MI[_H[\Q ....................................................................................................................................................... 661
E=== [EBE[ENAEL Q\MNLM[LQ .....................................................................................................................
........................................................... .......................................................... 66<

M__ENLIS B. [HLEN\ _[HHBINF ................................................................................................................... 666

B=?= FENE[MD ........................................................................................................................................................ 666

M__ENLIS F. BDHHL-[EQIQ\MN\ AHNQ\[UA\IHN ........................................................................................... 63?

M__ENLIS C. QIFNQ ......................................................................................................................................... 63;

C=?= FENE[MD ........................................................................................................................................................ 63;

C=?; LEBINI\IHNQ .................................................................................................................................................. 63;
C=?1 DHAM\IHN ...................................................................................................................................................... 631
C=?< ILEN\IBIAM\IHN .............................................................
..............................................................................................................................
................................................................................
............... 631
C=?5 LEQIFN MNL AHNQ\[UA\IHN ........................................................................................................................ 631
C=?2 EDEA\[IAMD .................................................................................................................................................... 631
C=?6 AHJKUQ\IKDE JM\E[IMDQ ............................................................................................................................ 631
C=?3 MNIJM\EL LERIAEQ ....................................................................................................................................... 63<
C=?9 F[HUNL QIFNQ ..............................................................
...............................................................................................................................
................................................................................
............... 63<
C==? [HHB QIFNQ ................................................................................................................................................... 63<
C=== VMDD QIFNQ ................................................................................................................................................... 635
C==; _[HGEA\INF QIFNQ ........................................................................................................................................ 635

QKA ;?=-A[-=3 xxii

\MKDE HB AHN\EN\Q

C==1 JM[]UEE QIFNQ .............................................................................................................................

............................................................ ................................................................................
............... 635
C==< _H[\MKDE QIFNQ .............................................................................................................................
............................................................ ................................................................................
............... 632
C==5 [EBE[ENAEL Q\MNLM[LQ.........................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.....................................................................
....... 632

M__ENLIS I. _M\IH AHRE[Q ........................................................................................................................... 639

I=?= FENE[MD ........................................................................................................................................................ 639

I=?; LEBINI\IHN .................................................................................................................................................... 639
I=?1 ES\E[IH[ VMDDQ MNL H_ENINFQ ..................................................................................................................
....................................................... ........................................................... 639
 I=?< CEIFC\ .....................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
..................................... 639
I=?5 Q\[UA\U[MD _[HRIQIHNQ ............................................................................................................................. 639

M__ENLIS G. F[MLINF ................................................................................................................................... 69=

G=?= FENE[MD. ......................................................................................................................................................... 69=

G=?; LEBINI\IHNQ ...................................................................................................................................................... 69=
G=?1 _E[JI\Q [E]UI[EL..............................................................................................................................
............................................................. ................................................................................
............... 69=
G=?< _E[JI\ M__DIAM\IHN MNL QUKJI\\MDQ .................................................................................................................. 69;
G=?5 INQ_EA\IHNQ............................................................................................................................
........................................................... ...........................................................................................
.......................... 69;
G=?2 ESAMRM\IHNQ .................................................................................................................................................... 69;
G=?6 BIDDQ ................................................................................................................................................................ 691
G=?3 QE\KMA@Q................................................................................................................................
............................................................... ...........................................................................................
.......................... 691
G=?9 L[MINMFE MNL \E[[MAINF .................................................................................................................................. 691
G==? E[HQIHN AHN\[HD ............................................................................................................................................. 69<
G=== [EBE[ENAEL Q\MNLM[LQ ................................................................................................................................
................................................................ .....................................................................
..... 69<

QKA ;?=-A[-=3 xxiii

ACM_\E[ = -QAH_E MNL M__DIAMKIDI\Y HB \CE QMULI KUIDLINF AHLE

QAH_E MNL M__DIAMKIDI\Y HB \CE QMULI

KUIDLINF AHLE

_M[\ =“QAH_E MNL M__DIAM\IHN amtefhries, ms wedd ms perjittel lesifn


QEA\IHN =?= FENE[MD
=?=.= \itde. \cese refudmtihns scmdd ke `nhwn ms
tce Qmuli
reberrel Kuidlinf
th ms Ahle, QKA ;?=, cereinmbter
—tcis ahle.‚
=?=.; Qahpe. \ce prhvisihns hb tcis ahle scmdd
mppdy th tce ahnstruatihn, mdtermtihn, redhamtihn,
endmrfejent, repdmaejent, repmir, equipjent, use
mnl haaupmnay, dhamtihn, jmintenmnae, rejhvmd mnl
lejhditihn hb every kuidlinf hr struature hr mny
mppurtenmnaes ahnneatel hr mttmacel th suac
kuidlinfs hr struatures.
Exaeptihn7 Letmacel hne- mnl twh-bmjidy
lweddinfs mnl judtipde sinfde-bmjidy lweddinfs
(thwnchuses) nht jhre tcmn tcree sthries mkhve
frmle pdmne in ceifct witc m sepmrmte jemns hb
efress, mnl tceir maaesshry struatures nht jhre tcmn
tcree sthries mkhve frmle pdmne in ceifct, scmdd
ahjpdy witc QKA ==?=.
=?=.;.= Mppenliaes. _rhvisihns in tce mppenliaes
scmdd nht mppdy undess speaibiamddy mlhptel.
=?=.1 Intent. \ce purphse hb tcis ahle is th
estmkdisc tce jinijuj requirejents th prhvile m
remshnmkde deved hb smbety, pukdia cemdtc mnl fenermd
wedbmre tcrhufc struaturmd strenftc, jemns hb efress
bmaidities, stmkidity, smnitmtihn, mlequmte difct mnl
ventidmtihn, enerfy ahnservmtihn, mnl smbety th dibe
mnl prhperty brhj bire mnl htcer cmzmrls mttrikutel
th tce kuidt envirhnjent mnl th prhvile m remshnmkde
remshnmkde
deved hb smbety th bire bifcters mnl ejerfenay
resphnlers lurinf ejerfenay hpermtihns.
=?=.< [eberenael ahles. \ce htcer ahles distel
in Qeatihns =?=.<.= tcrhufc =?=.<.=? mnl
reberenael edsewcere in tcis ahle scmdd ke
ahnsilerel pmrt hb tce requirejents hb tcis ahle th
tce presarikel extent hb emac suac reberenae.
=?=.<.=
=?=.<. = Qtr uatur e. \ce prhvisihns hb Acmpter =2 th
Acmpter ;1 mllress tce struaturmd requirejents mnl
tcey reberenae htcer Qmuli ahles, nmjedy (QKA
1?=, QKA 1?;, QKA 1?1, QKA 1?< mnl QKA 1?5).
QKA 1?= scmdd mppdy th tce struaturmd dhmlinf
requirejents bhr use in tce lesifn mnl ahnstruatihn
hb kuidlinfs mnl struaturmd ahjphnents. It inadules
jinijuj lesifn dhmls, mssifnjent hb ris`
QKA ;?=-A[-=3
ACM_\E[ =
-QAH_E MNL M__DIAMKIDI\Y HB \CE QMULI KUIDLINF AHLE
bire cmzmrls in tce struature hr hn tce prejises brhj
haaupmnay hr hpermtihn.
=?=.<
=?=.<.6
.6 Existinf kuidlinfs.
kuidl infs. \ce prhvisihns hb QKA
9?= scmdd mppdy th jmtters fhverninf tce repmir,
mdtermtihn, acmnfe hb haaupmnay, mllitihn th mnl
redhamtihn hb existinf kuidlinfs.
=?=.<.3
=?=.<.3 Fr
Freen
een Kuidlinf. \ce prhvisihns hb tce
jetchlhdhfies. QKA 1?; scmdd mppdy th fenermd
ahnstruatihn requirejents. QKA 1?1 scmdd mppdy th
tce shids mnl bhunlmtihn requirejents. QKA 1?<
scmdd mppdy
1?5 scmdd th tce
mppdyt cethlesifn hb ahnarete
t ce lesifn
tce struatures.
hb jmshnry QKA
struatures.
=?=.<.;
=?=.<.; Edeatr iamd. \ce prhvisihns hb tce QKA <?=
scmdd mppdy th tce instmddmtihn hb edeatriamd wirinf
brhj tce phint hb ledivery, edeatriamd mppdimnaes mnl
mnl
redmtel maaesshries ms ahverel in tcis ahle. \cese
requirejents mppdy th edeatriamd wirinf systejs
extenlinf brhj tce phint hb ledivery th tce indet
ahnneatihns hb mppdimnaes mnl tce instmddmtihn mnl
hpermtihn hb resilentimd mnl ahjjeraimd edeatriamd
mppdimnaes mnl redmtel maaesshries.
=?=.<.1
=?=.<.1 Jeacmn iamd. \ce prhvisihns hb tce QKA
5?= scmdd mppdy th tce instmddmtihn, mdtermtihns,
repmirs mnl repdmaejent hb jeacmniamd systejs,
inadulinf equipjent, mppdimnaes, bixtures, bittinfs
mnl/hr mppurtenmnaes, inadulinf ventidmtinf,
cemtinf, ahhdinf, mir-ahnlitihninf mnl rebrifermtihn
systejs, inainermthrs mnl htcer enerfy redmtel
systejs.
=?=.<.<
=?=.< .< Ener fy. \ce prhvisihns
prhvisihns hb tce QKA 2?=
mnl QKA 2?; scmdd mppdy th mdd jmtters fhverninf
tce lesifn mnl ahnstruatihn hb kuidlinfs bhr
b hr enerfy
ebbiaienay.
=?=.<.5
=?=.<.5 _dujkinf.
_dujki nf. \ce prhvisihns hb tce QKA 6?=
mnl QKA 6?; scmdd mppdy th tce instmddmtihn,
mdtermtihn, repmir mnl repdmaejent hb pdujkinf
systejs, inadulinf equipjent, mppdimnaes, bixtures,
bittinfs mnl mppurtenmnaes, mnl wcere ahnneatel th
m wmter hr sewmfe systej mnl mdd mspeats hb m
jeliamd fms systej.
=?=.<.2
=?=.<.2 Bire prpreventihn.
eventihn. \ce prhvisihns hb tce
QKA 3?= scmdd mppdy th jmtters mbbeatinf hr redmtinf
th struatures, prhaesses mnl prejises brhj tce
cmzmrl hb bire mnl expdhsihn mrisinf brhj tce
sthrmfe, cmnldinf hr use hb struatures, jmterimds hr
leviaes0 brhj ahnlitihns cmzmrlhus th dibe, prhperty
hr pukdia wedbmre in tce haaupmnay hb struatures hr
prejises0 mnl brhj tce ahnstruatihn, extensihn,
repmir, mdtermtihn hr rejhvmd hb bire suppressihn,
muthjmtia sprin`der systejs mnl mdmrj systejs hr
=
tcmt is witcin tce sahpe hb tcis ahle hr tce Ahles
distel in Qeatihn =?=.<, tce prhvisihns hb tcis ahle
hr tce Ahles distel in Qeatihn =?=.<, ms mppdiamkde,
scmdd tm`e preaelenae hver tce prhvisihns in tce
reberenael ahle hr stmnlmrl.
=?;.5 _mrtimd invmdility. In tce event tcmt mny
pmrt hr prhvisihn hb tcis ahle is cedl
cedl th ke iddefmd hr
hr

QKA =??= scmdd mppdy th jmtters fhverninf tce
lesifn mnl ahnstruatihn hb kuidlinfs bhr freen
kuidlinf requirejents.
=?=.<.9 [esilentimd Kuidlinfs. \ce prhvisihns hb
tce QKA ==?= scmdd mppdy th mdd jmtters fhverninf
tce lesifn mnl ahnstruatihn hb resilentimd kuidlinfs.
=?=.<.=? Bued Fms \ce prhvisihns hb tce
QKA =;?= scmdd mppdy th tce instmddmtihn hb fms
pipinf brhj tce phint hb ledivery, fms mppdimnaes
mnl redmtel maaesshries ms ahverel in tcis ahle.
\cese requirejents mppdy th fms pipinf systejs
extenlinf brhj tce phint hb ledivery th tce indet
ahnneatihns hb mppdimnaes mnl tce instmddmtihn mnl
hpermtihn hb resilentimd mnl ahjjeraimd fms
mppdimnaes mnl redmtel maaesshries.
QEA\
QEA\IHN
IHN =?; M__DIAMK IDI\Y
m=?;.= Fenermd.
fenermd Vcere
requirejent tcere
mnl is m ahnbdiat
m speaibia ketween
requirejent,
tce speaibia requirejent scmdd ke mppdiamkde. Vcere,
in mny speaibia amse, libberent seatihns hb tcis ahle
speaiby libberent jmterimds, jetchls hb ahnstruatihn
hr htcer requirejents, tce jhst restriative scmdd
fhvern.
=?;.; Htcer dmws. \ce prhvisihns hb tcis ahle
scmdd nht ke leejel th nuddiby mny prhvisihns hb
fhvernjent
fhvernj ent dmw.
=?;.1 Mppdiamtihn hb reberenaes. [eberenaes th
acmpter hr seatihn nujkers, hr th prhvisihns nht
speaibiamddy ilentibiel ky nujker, scmdd ke
ahnstruel th reber th suac acmpter, seatihn hr
prhvisihn hb tcis ahle.
=?;.< [eberenael ahles mnl stmnlmrls. \ce
ahles mnl stmnlmrls reberenael in tcis ahle scmdd ke
ahnsilerel pmrt hb tce requirejents hb tcis ahle th
tce presarikel extent hb emac suac reberenae mnl ms
burtcer refudmtel in Qeatihns =?;.<.= mnl =?;.<.;.
=?;.<.= Ahnbdiats. Vcere ahnbdiats haaur ketween
prhvisihns hb tcis ahle mnl reberenael ahles mnl
stmnlmrls, tce prhvisihns hb tcis ahle scmdd mppdy.
=?;.<.; _r
=?;.<.; _rhvisih
hvisihns
ns in reberen ael ahleahless mnl
stmnlmrls. Vcere tce extent hb tce reberenae th m
reberenael ahle hr stmnlmrl inadules sukgeat jmtter
QKA ;?=-A[-=3
ACM_\E[ =
-QAH_E MNL M__DIAMKIDI\Y HB \CE QMULI KUIDLINF AHLE
ejpdhyees. Quac ejpdhyees scmdd cmve phwers ms
ledefmtel ky tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd.
QEA\IHN =?< LU\IEQ MNL _HVE[Q
HB KUIDLINF HBBIAIMD
HBBIAIMD
=?<.= Fenermd. \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd is cereky
mutchrizel mnl lireatel th enbhrae tce prhvisihns hb
tcis ahle. \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd scmdd cmve tce
vhil, tcis scmdd nht cmve tce ebbeat hb jm`inf vhil
hr iddefmd mny hb tce htcer pmrts hr prhvisihns.
=?;.2 Existinf struatures. \ce defmd haaupmnay
hb mny struature existinf hn tce lmte hb mlhptihn hb
tcis ahle scmdd ke perjittel th ahntinue witchut
acmnfe, exaept ms htcerwise speaibiamddy prhvilel in
tcis ahle, QKA
QKA 9?= hr tce QKA 3?=.
=?;.2.= Kuidlinfs nht pr evihusdy haaupiel. M
=?;.2.=
kuidlinf hr phrtihn hb m kuidlinf tcmt cms nht keen
previhusdy haaupiel hr usel bhr its intenlel
purphse in maahrlmnae
maahrlmnae witc
witc tce dmws in existenae
existenae mt
tce tije hb its ahjpdetihn scmdd ahjpdy witc tce
prhvisihns hb QKA
QKA ;?= hr QKA ==?=, ms mppdiamkde,
mppdiamkde,
bhr new ahnstruatihn hr witc mny aurrent perjit bhr
suac haaupmnay.
=?;.2.;
=?;.2.; Kuidlinfs pr evihusdy haaupiel. \ce defmd
haaupmnay hb mny kuidlinf existinf hn tce lmte hb
mlhptihnacmnfe,
witchut hb tcis ahle scmddmskehtcerwise
exaept perjittelspeaibiamddy
th ahntinue
prhvilel in tcis ahle, tce QKA 3?= hr ms is leej
leejel
el
neaessmry ky tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd bhr tce fenermd
smbety mnl wedbmre hb tce haaupmnts mnl tce pukdia.
_M[\ ;“MLJINIQ\[M\IHN MNL
ENBH[AEJEN\
QEA\IHN =?1 LE_M[\JEN\ HB
KUIDLINF QMBE\Y
=?1.= Aremtihn hb enbhraejent mfenay. \ce
Jinistry hb Juniaipmdities mnl [urmd Mbbmirs
(JhJ[M) aremtes Lepmrtjent hb Kuidlinf Qmbety
in emac tcerehb
acmrfe jmghr Juniaipmdity
scmdd ke `nhwnmnl mstcetcehbbiaimd in
kuidlinf
hbbiaimd ms lebinel in Acmpter ;.
=?1.; Mpphintjent. \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd scmdd
ke mpphintel ky (JhJ[M).
(JhJ[M).
=?1.1 Leputies. In maahrlmnae witc tce
presarikel prhaelures hb tce Jinistry hb
Juniaipmdities mnl [urmd Mbbmirs mnl witc tce
ahnaurrenae hb tce mpphintinf mutchrity, tce
kuidlinf hbbiaimd scmdd cmve tce mutchrity th mpphint
m leputy kuidlinf hbbiaimd, tce redmtel teacniamd
hbbiaers, inspeathrs, pdmn exmjiners mnl htcer
;
requestel. Ib suac struature hr prejises is
unhaaupiel, tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd scmdd birst jm`e m
remshnmkde ebbhrt th dhamte tce hwner hr htcer pershn
cmvinf acmrfe hr ahntrhd hb tce struature hr prejises
mnl request entry. Ib entry is rebusel, tce kuidlinf
hbbiaimd scmdd cmve reahurse th tce rejelies
prhvilel ky dmw th seaure
seaure entry.

mutchrity th renler interpretmtihns hb tcis ahle mnl
th mlhpt phdiaies mnl prhaelures in hrler th admriby
tce mppdiamtihn hb its prhvisihns. Quac
interpretmtihns,
ahjpdimnae witcphdiaies mnl
tce intent prhaelures
mnl purphse hbscmdd ke in
tcis ahle.
Quac phdiaies mnl prhaelures scmdd nht cmve tce
ebbeat hb wmivinf requirejents speaibiamddy
prhvilel bhr in tcis ahle.
=?<.; Mppdiamtihns mnl perjits. \ce kuidlinf
hbbiaimd hr tce kuidlinf hbbiaimds lesifnmtel
mutchrity scmdd reaeive mppdiamtihns, review
ahnstruatihn lhaujents mnl issue perjits bhr tce
ereatihn, mnl mdtermtihn, lejhditihn mnl jhvinf hb
kuidlinfs mnl struatures, instmdd mnl mdter
jeacmniamd mnl pdujkinf systejs, inspeat tce
prejises bhr wciac suac perjits cmve keen issuel
mnl enbhrae ahjpdimnae witc tce prhvisihns hb tcis
ahle.
=?<.1 Nhtiaes mnl hrlers. \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd
scmdd issue neaessmry nhtiaes hr hrlers th ensure
ahjpdimnae witc tcis ahle.
=?<.< Inspeatihns. \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd scmdd
jm`e tce requirel inspeatihns, hr tce kuidlinf
hbbiaimd scmdd cmve tce mutchrity th maaept rephrts hb
inspeatihn ky mpprhvel mfenaies hr inlivilumds.
[ephrts hb suac inspeatihns scmdd ke in writinf mnl
ke aertibiel ky m resphnsikde hbbiaer hb suac
mpprhvel mfenay hr ky tce resphnsikde inlivilumd.
=?<.5 Ilentibiamtihn. \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd scmdd
amrry prhper ilentibiamtihn wcen inspeatinf
struatures hr prejises in tce perbhrjmnae hb luties
unler tcis ahle.
=?<.2 [ifct hb entry. Vcere it is neaessmry th
jm`e mn inspeatihn th enbhrae tce prhvisihns hb tcis
ahle, hr wcere tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd cms remshnmkde
amuse th kedieve tcmt tcere exists in m struature hr
uphn m prejises m ahnlitihn tcmt is ahntrmry th hr in
vihdmtihn hb tcis ahle tcmt jm`es tce struature hr
prejises unsmbe, lmnferhus hr cmzmrlhus, tce
kuidlinf hbbiaimd is mutchrizel th enter tce struature
hr prejises mt remshnmkde tijes th inspeat hr th
perbhrj tce luties ijphsel ky tcis
t cis ahle, prhvilel
tcmt ib suac struature hr prejises ke haaupiel tcmt
arelentimds ke presentel th tce haaupmnt mnl entry
QKA ;?=-A[-=3
ACM_\E[ =
-QAH_E MNL M__DIAMKIDI\Y HB \CE QMULI KUIDLINF AHLE
kuidlinf hbbiaimd scmdd ke ahnstruatel mnl instmddel
i nstmddel
in maahrlmnae witc suac mpprhvmd.
=?<.9.= Usel jmterimds mnl equipjent. \ce use
hb usel jmterimds tcmt jeet tce requirejents hb tcis
ahle bhr new jmterimds is perjittel. Usel
equipjent mnl leviaes scmdd nht ke reusel undess
mpprhvel ky tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd.
=?<.6 Lepmrtjent reahrls. \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd
scmdd `eep hbbiaimd reahrls hb mppdiamtihns reaeivel,
perjits mnl aertibiamtes issuel, bees ahddeatel,
rephrts hb inspeatihns, mnl nhtiaes mnl hrlers
issuel. Mdd reahrls bhr enfineerel kuidlinfs mnl
struatures scmdd ke retminel inlebinitedy in tce
juniaipmdity’s hbbiaimd reahrls ms requirel bhr
retentihn hb pukdia reahrls.
=?<.6.=
=?<.6.= Riewi
Riewinfnf hb Hbbia
Hbbiaimd
imd _erj
_erjitit [eahrl s
Riewinf hb hbbiaimd reahrls jmy ke perjittel
sukgeat th mpprhvmd ky tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd mnl
prhperty hwner. Lupdiamtihn hb hbbiaimd perjit
reahrls scmdd ke perjittel sukgeat th mpprhvmd hb tce
kuidlinf hbbiaimd, refisterel lesifn prhbessihnmd,
mnl tce kuidlinf hwner.
=?<.3 Dimkidity. \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd,
hbbi aimd, jejker
jejker hb
tce khmrl hb mppemds hr ejpdhyee acmrfel witc tce
enbhraejent hb tcis ahle, wcide matinf bhr tce
Jinistry hb Juniaipmdities mnl [urmd Mbbmirs in
fhhl bmitc mnl witchut jmdiae in tce lisacmrfe hb
tce luties requirel ky tcis ahle hr htcer pertinent
dmw hr hrlinmnae, scmdd nht tcereky ke aividdy hr
arijinmddy renlerel dimkde pershnmddy mnl isi s cereky
redievel brhj pershnmd dimkidity bhr mny lmjmfe
maaruinf th pershns hr prhperty ms m resudt hb mny mat
hr ky remshn hb mn mat hr hjissihn in tce lisacmrfe
hb hbbiaimd luties.
Mny pershn hr entity tcmt is bhunl th ahjjit m
vihdmtihn hb tcis ahle scmdd ke cedl resphnsikde th
ahrreat smil vihdmtihn sukgeat th tce smtisbmatihn hb
tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd mnl tce
t ce kuidlinf hwner.
=?<.3.= Defmd lebense. Mny suit hr arijinmd
ahjpdmint institutel mfminst mn hbbiaer hr ejpdhyee
keamuse hb mn mat perbhrjel ky tcmt hbbiaer hr
ejpdhyee in tce dmwbud lisacmrfe hb luties mnl
unler tce prhvisihns hb tcis ahle scmdd ke lebenlel
ky defmd representmtives hb tce Jinistry hb
Juniaipmdities mnl [urmd Mbbmirs untid tce binmd
terjinmtihn hb tce prhaeelinfs. \ce kuidlinf
hbbiaimd hr mny sukhrlinmte scmdd nht ke dimkde bhr
ahst in mny matihn, suit hr prhaeelinf tcmt is
institutel in pursumnae hb tce prhvisihns hb tcis
ahle.
=?<.9 Mpprhvel jmterimds mnl equipjent.
equipjent.
Jmterimds, equipjent mnl leviaes mpprhvel ky tce
1
mdternmtive jmterimds hr jetchls, tce kuidlinf
hbbiaimd scmdd cmve tce mutchrity th require tests ms
evilenae hb ahjpdimnae th ke jmle mt nh expense th
tce gurisliatihn. \est jetchls scmdd ke ms speaibiel
in tcis ahle hr ky htcer reahfnizel test stmnlmrls. In
tce mksenae hb reahfnizel mnl maaeptel test
jetchls, tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd scmdd mpprhve tce
testinf prhaelures. \ests scmdd ke perbhrjel ky mn
 =?<.=? Jhlibiamtihns. Vcere tcere mre prmatiamd
libbiaudties invhdvel in amrryinf hut tce prhvisihns
hb tcis ahle, tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd scmdd cmve tce
mutchrity th frmnt jhlibiamtihns bhr inlivilumd
amses, uphn mppdiamtihn hb tce hwner hr tce hwner’s
mutchrizel mfent, prhvilel tcmt tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd
scmdd birst binl tcmt speaimd inlivilumd remshn jm`es
tce striat detter hb tcis ahle ijprmatiamd, tce
jhlibiamtihn is in ahjpdimnae witc tce intent mnl
purphse hb tcis ahle mnl tcmt suac jhlibiamtihn
lhes nht dessen cemdtc, maaessikidity, dibe mnl bire
smbety hr struaturmd requirejents. \ce letmids hb
matihn frmntinf jhlibiamtihns scmdd ke reahrlel mnl
enterel in tce bides hb tce lepmrtjent hb kuidlinf
smbety.
=?<.== Mdternmtive jmterimds, lesifn mnl
jetchls hb ahnstruatihn mnl equipjent. \ce
prhvisihns hb tcis
t cis ahle mre nht intenlel th
t h prevent
tce instmddmtihn hb mny jmterimd hr th prhcikit mny
lesifn hr jetchl hb ahnstruatihn nht speaibiamddy
presarikel ky tcis ahle, prhvilel tcmt mny suac
mdternmtive cms keen mpprhvel. Mn mdternmtive
jmterimd, lesifn hr jetchl hb ahnstruatihn scmdd ke
mpprhvel wcere tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd binls tcmt tce
prhphsel lesifn is smtisbmathry mnl ahjpdies witc
tce intent hb tce prhvisihns hb tcis ahle, mnl tcmt tce
jmterimd, jetchl hr whr` hbberel is, bhr tce purphse
intenlel, nht dess tcmn tce equivmdent hb tcmt
presarikel in tcis ahle in qumdity, strenftc,
ebbeativeness,, bire resistmnae, lurmkidity mnl smbety.
ebbeativeness
Vcere tce mdternmtive jmterimd, lesifn hr jetchl hb
ahnstruatihn is nht mpprhvel, tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd
scmdd resphnl in writinf, stmtinf tce
t ce remshns wcy tce
mdternmtive wms nht mpprhvel.
=?<.==.=
=?<.= =.= [esemrac rephr ts. Qupphrtinf
lmtm, wcere neaessmry th mssist in tce mpprhvmd hb
jmterimds hr mssejkdies nht speaibiamddy prhvilel
bhr in tcis ahle, scmdd ahnsist hb vmdil resemrac
rephrts brhj IAA-Evmdumtihn Qerviaes hr htcer
mpprhvel shuraes.
=?<.==.; \ests. Vcenever tcere is
insubbiaient evilenae hb ahjpdimnae witc tce
prhvisihns hb tcis ahle, hr evilenae tcmt m jmterimd
hr jetchl lhes nht ahnbhrj th tce requirejents hb
tcis ahle, hr in hrler th sukstmntimte admijs bhr
QKA ;?=-A[-=3
ACM_\E[ =
-QAH_E MNL M__DIAMKIDI\Y HB \CE QMULI KUIDLINF AHLE
1. Hid lerria`s.
<. [etmininf wmdds tcmt
tcmt mre nht hver
hver =.;? jeters
in ceifct jemsurel brhj tce khtthj hb tce
bhhtinf th tce thp hb tce wmdd, undess
supphrtinf m suracmrfe hr ijphunlinf Admss
I, II hr IIIM diquils.
5. Vmter tmn`s supphrtel lireatdy hn frmle ib tce
mpprhvel mfenay. [ephrts hb suac tests scmdd ke
retminel ky tce kuidlinf
kuidl inf hbbiaimd in maahrlmnae witc
=?<.6.
QEA\IHN =?5 _E[JI\Q
=?5.= [equirel. Mny hwner hr hwner’s
mutchrizel mfent wch intenls th ahnstruat, endmrfe,
mdter, repmir, jhve, lejhdisc hr acmnfe tce
haaupmnay hb m kuidlinf hr struature, hr th ereat,
instmdd, endmrfe, mdter, repmir, rejhve, ahnvert hr
repdmae mny edeatriamd, fms, jeacmniamd hr pdujkinf
systej, tce instmddmtihn hb wciac is refudmtel ky tcis
ahle, hr th amuse mny suac whr` th ke perbhrjel,
scmdd birst jm`e mppdiamtihn th tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd
mnl hktmin tce requirel perjit.
=?5.=.= Mnnumd perjit. Insteml hb mn inlivilumd
perjit bhr emac mdtermtihn th mn mdremly mpprhvel
edeatriamd, fms, jeacmniamd hr pdujkinf instmddmtihn,
tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd is mutchrizel th issue mn mnnumd
perjit uphn mppdiamtihn
mppdiamtihn tcerebhr th mny
mny pershn, birj
hr ahrphrmtihn refudmrdy ejpdhyinf hne hr jhre
qumdibiel trmlepershns in tce kuidlinf, struature hr
hn tce prejises hwnel hr hpermtel ky tce t ce mppdiamnt
bhr tce perjit.
=?5.=.
=?5.=.;; Mnnumd perjit reah
reahrr ls. \ce pershn th
wchj mn mnnumd perjit is issuel scmdd `eep m
letmidel reahrl hb mdtermtihns jmle unler suac
mnnumd perjit. \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd scmdd cmve
maaess th suac reahrls mt mdd tijes hr suac reahrls
scmdd ke bidel witc tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd ms
lesifnmtel.
=?5.; Vhr` exejpt brhj perjit. Exejptihns
brhj perjit requirejents hb tcis ahle scmdd nht ke
leejel th frmnt mutchrizmtihn bhr mny whr` th ke
lhne in mny jmnner in vihdmtihn hb tce prhvisihns hb
tcis ahle hr mny htcer dmws hr hrlinmnaes hb tcis
gurisliatihn. _erjits scmdd nht ke requirel bhr tce
bhddhwinf7
Kuidlinf7
=. Hne-sthry letmacel maaesshry struatures usel
ms thhd mnl sthrmfe scels, pdmychuses mnl
sijidmr uses, prhvilel tce bdhhr mrem is nht
fremter tcmn == j;.
;. Benaes nht hver ;.=? jeters
jeters cifc.
<
1. \ejphrmry testinf systejs7 M perjit scmdd nht
ke requirel bhr tce instmddmtihn hb mny
tejphrmry systej requirel bhr tce testinf hr
serviainf hb edeatriamd equipjent hr
mppmrmtus.
<. Distel ahrl-mnl-pduf ahnneatel tejphrmry
leahrmtive difctinf.
 ampmaity is nht fremter tcmn =9??? D mnl tce
rmtih hb ceifct th limjeter hr wiltc is nht
fremter tcmn ;7=.
2. Qilewmd`s mnl lrivewmys nht jhre tcmn 65?
jj mkhve mlgmaent frmle, mnl nht hver mny
kmsejent hr sthry kedhw mnl mre nht pmrt hb
mn maaessikde rhute.
6. _mintinf, pmperinf, tidinf, amrpetinf, amkinets
amkinets,,
ahunter thps mnl sijidmr binisc whr`.
3. \ejphrmry jhtihn piature, tedevisihn mnl
tcemter stmfe sets mnl saenery.
9. _rebmkriamtel swijjinf
swijjinf phhds maaesshry th m
Frhup [-1 haaupmnay tcmt mre dess tcmn 2??
jj leep, mre nht fremter tcmn =9??? D mnl
mre instmddel entiredy mkhve frhunl.
=?. Qcmle adhtc struatures ahnstruatel bhr
nursery hr mfriaudturmd purphses, nht
inadulinf serviae systejs.
==. Qwinfs mnl htcer pdmyfrhunl equipjent
maaesshry th letmacel hne- mnl twh-bmjidy
lweddinfs.
=;. Vinlhw mwninfs in Frhup [-1 mnl U
haaupmnaies, supphrtel ky mn exterihr wmdd
tcmt lh nht prhgeat jhre tcmn =.15 jeters
jeters
brhj tce exterihr wmdd mnl lh nht require
mllitihnmd supphrt.
=1. Nhn bixel mnl jhvmkde bixtures, amses,
rma`s, ahunters mnl pmrtitihns nht hver =.3
jeters in ceifct.
Edeatriamd7
=. [epmirs mnl jmintenmnae7 Jinhr repmir whr`,
inadulinf tce repdmaejent hb dmjps hr tce
ahnneatihn hb mpprhvel phrtmkde edeatriamd
equipjent th mpprhvel perjmnentdy instmddel
reaeptmades.
;. [mlih mnl tedevisihn trmnsjittinf stmtihns7
\ce prhvisihns hb tcis ahle scmdd nht mppdy th
edeatriamd equipjent usel bhr rmlih mnl
tedevisihn trmnsjissihns, kut lh mppdy th
equipjent mnl wirinf bhr m phwer suppdy mnl
tce instmddmtihns hb thwers mnl mntennms.
QKA ;?=-A[-=3
ACM_\E[ =
-QAH_E MNL M__DIAMKIDI\Y HB \CE QMULI KUIDLINF AHLE
smje witc new jmterimd, suac whr` scmdd ke
ahnsilerel ms new whr` mnl m perjit scmdd ke
hktminel mnl inspeatihn jmle ms prhvilel in
tcis ahle.
;. \ce ademrinf hb sthppmfes hr tce repmirinf hb
dem`s in pipes, vmdves hr bixtures mnl tce
rejhvmd mnl reinstmddmtihn hb wmter adhsets,
5. [einstmddmtihn hb mttmacjent pduf reaeptmades
kut nht tce hutdets tcerebhr.
2. [epdmaejent hb krmnac airauit hveraurrent
leviaes hb tce requirel ampmaity in tce smje
dhamtihn.
6. Edeatriamd wirinf, leviaes, mppdimnaes,
mppmrmtus hr equipjent hpermtinf mt dess tcmn
;5 vhdts mnl nht ampmkde hb suppdyinf jhre
tcmn 5? wmtts hb enerfy.
3. Jinhr repmir whr`, inadulinf tce repdmaejent
hb dmjps hr tce ahnneatihn hb mpprhvel
phrtmkde edeatriamd equipjent th mpprhvel
perjmnentdy instmddel reaeptmades.
reaeptmades.
Fms7
=. _hrtmkde cemtinf mppdimnae.
;. [epdmaejent hb mny jinhr pmrt tcmt lhes nht
mdter mpprhvmd hb equipjent hr jm`e suac
equipjent unsmbe.
Jeacmniamd7
=. _hrtmkde cemtinf mppdimnae.
;. _hrtmkde ventidmtihn equipjent.
1. _hrtmkde ahhdinf unit.
<. Qtemj, cht hr aciddel wmter pipinf witcin mny
cemtinf hr ahhdinf equipjent refudmtel ky
tcis ahle.
5. [epdmaejent
[epdmaejent hb mny pmrt tcmt lhes nht mdter its
mpprhvmd hr jm`e it unsmbe.
2. _hrtmkde evmphrmtive ahhder.
6. Qedb-ahntminel rebrifermtihn systej
ahntmininf <.5? `f hr dess hb rebrifermnt mnl
matumtel ky jhthrs hb ?.65 `V hr dess.
d ess.
3. _hrtmkde-bued-aedd mppdimnaes tcmt mre nht
ahnneatel th m bixel pipinf systej mnl mre
nht interahnneatel th m phwer fril.
_dujkinf7
=. \ce sthppinf hb dem`s in lrmins, wmter, shid,
wmste hr vent pipe, prhvilel, chwever, tcmt ib
mny ahnaemdel trmp, lrmin pipe, wmter, shid,
wmste hr vent pipe keahjes lebeative mnl it
keahjes neaessmry th rejhve
rejhve mnl
mnl re
repdmae
pdmae tce
5
1. Inliamte tce use mnl haaupmnay bhr wciac tce
prhphsel whr` is intenlel.
<. Ke maahjpmniel ky ahnstruatihn lhaujents
mnl htcer inbhrjmtihn ms requirel in Qeatihn
=?6.
5. Qtmte tce vmdumtihn hb tce prhphsel whr`.
 prhvilel suac repmirs lh nht invhdve hr
require tce repdmaejent
repdmaejent hr remrrmnfejent
remrrmnfejent hb
vmdves, pipes hr bixtures.
=?5.;
=?5.;.=
.= Ejer fenay repm repmir
ir s. Vcere equipjent
repdmaejents mnl repmirs just ke perbhrjel in mn
ejerfenay
ejerfe nay situmtihn, tce
t ce perjit mppdiamtihn scmdd ke
sukjittel witcin tce next whr`inf kusiness lmy th
tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd.
=?5.;.;
=?5.;.; [epmir s. Mppdiamtihn hr nhtiae th tce
kuidlinf hbbiaimd is nht requirel bhr hrlinmry repmirs
repmirs
th struatures, repdmaejent hb dmjps hr tce
ahnneatihn hb mpprhvel phrtmkde edeatriamd
equipjent th mpprhvel perjmnentdy instmddel
reaeptmades. Quac repmirs scmdd nht inadule tce
auttinf mwmy hb mny wmdd, pmrtitihn hr phrtihn
tcerehb, tce rejhvmd hr auttinf hb mny struaturmd
kemj hr dhml-kemrinf supphrt, hr tce rejhvmd hr
acmnfe hb mny requirel jemns hb efress, hr
remrrmnfejent hb pmrts hb m struature mbbeatinf tce
efress requirejents0 nhr scmdd hrlinmry repmirs
inadule mllitihn th, mdtermtihn hb, repdmaejent hr
redhamtihn hb mny stmnlpipe, wmter suppdy, sewer,
lrminmfe, lrmin demler, fms, shid, wmste, vent hr
sijidmr pipinf, edeatria wirinf hr jeacmniamd hr
htcer whr` mbbeatinf pukdia cemdtc hr fenermd smbety.
=?5.;.1 _ukdia serviae mfenaies. M perjit scmdd nht
ke requirel bhr tce instmddmtihn, mdtermtihn hr repmir
hb fenermtihn, trmnsjissihn, listrikutihn hr
jeterinf hr htcer redmtel equipjent tcmt is unler
tce hwnerscip mnl ahntrhd hb pukdia serviae
mfenaies ky estmkdiscel rifct.
=?5.1 Mppdiamtihn bhr perjit. \h hktmin m
perjit, tce mppdiamnt scmdd birst bide mn mppdiamtihn
tcerebhr in writinf hn m bhrj burniscel ky tce
lepmrtjent hb kuidlinf smbety bhr tcmt purphse. Quac
mppdiamtihn scmdd7
=. Ilentiby mnl lesarike tce whr` th ke ahverel
ky tce perjit bhr wciac mppdiamtihn
mppdiamtihn is jmle.
;. Lesarike tce dmnl hn wciac tce prhphsel
whr` is th ke lhne ky defmd lesariptihn, stree
streett
mllress hr sijidmr lesariptihn tcmt widd
remlidy ilentiby mnl lebinitedy dhamte tce
prhphsel kuidlinf hr whr`.
QKA ;?=-A[-=3
ACM_\E[ = -QAH_E MNL M__DIAMKIDI\Y HB \CE QMULI KUIDLINF AHLE
=3? lmys mbter its issumnae, hr ib tce whr` mutchrizel
hn tce site ky suac perjit is suspenlel hr
mkmnlhnel bhr m perihl hb =3? lmys mbter tce tije
tce whr` is ahjjenael. \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd is
mutchrizel th frmnt, in writinf, hne hr jhre
extensihns hb tije, bhr perihls nht jhre tcmn =3?
lmys emac. \ce extensihn scmdd ke requestel in
writinf mnl gustibimkde amuse lejhnstrmte
lejhnstrmtel.l.
2. Ke sifnel ky tce mppdiamnt, hr tce mppdiamnt
mppdi amnt s
mutchrizel mfent.
6. Five suac htcer lmtm mnl inbhrjmtihn ms
requirel ky tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd.
=?5.1.=
=?5.1.= Matihn hn mppdiamt ihn. \ce kuidlinf
hbbiaimd hr tce kuidlinf hbbiaimds lesifnmtel
representmtive scmdd exmjine hr amuse th ke
exmjinel mppdiamtihns bhr perjits mnl mjenljents
mjenljents
tcereth witcin m remshnmkde tije mbter bidinf. Ib tce
mppdiamtihn hr tce ahnstruatihn lhaujents lh nht
ahnbhrj th tce requirejents hb pertinent dmws, tce
kuidlinf hbbiaimd scmdd regeat suac mppdiamtihn in
writinf, stmtinf tce remshns tcerebhr. Ib tce
t ce kuidlinf
hbbiaimd is smtisbiel tcmt tce prhphsel whr` ahnbhrjs
th tce requirejents hb tcis ahle mnl dmws mnl
hrlinmnaes mppdiamkde tcereth, tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd
scmdd issue m perjit tcerebhr ms shhn ms prmatiamkde.
=?5.1
=?5.1.;
.; \ije
mppdiamtihn bhr mdijitmtihn hb prhphsel
perjit bhr mny mppdiamtihn.
mppdiamt ihn. scmdd
whr` Mn
ke leejel th cmve keen mkmnlhnel =3? lmys mbter
tce lmte hb bidinf, undess suac mppdiamtihn cms keen
pursuel in fhhl bmitc hr m perjit cms keen issuel0
exaept tcmt tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd is mutchrizel th
frmnt hne hr jhre extensihns hb tije bhr mllitihnmd
perihls nht exaeelinf 9? lmys emac. \ce extensihn
extensihn
scmdd ke requestel in writinf mnl gustibimkde amuse
lejhnstrmtel.
=?5.< Rmdility hb perjit. \ce issumnae hr
frmntinf hb m perjit scmdd nht ke ahnstruel th ke m
perjit bhr, hr mn mpprhvmd hb, mny vihdmtihn hb mny
hb tce prhvisihns hb tcis ahle hr hb mny htcer
hrlinmnae hb tce gurisliatihn. _erjits presujinf th
five mutchrity th vihdmte hr amnaed tce prhvisihns hb
tcis ahle hr htcer hrlinmnaes hb tce gurisliatihn
scmdd nht ke vmdil. \ce issumnae hb m perjit kmsel
hn ahnstruatihn lhaujents mnl htcer lmtm scmdd nht
prevent tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd brhj requirinf tce
ahrreatihn hb errhrs in tce ahnstruatihn lhaujents
mnl htcer lmtm. \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd is mutchrizel th
prevent haaupmnay hr use hb m struature wcere in
vihdmtihn hb tcis ahle hr hb mny htcer hrlinmnaes hb
tcis gurisliatihn.
=?5.5 Expirmtihn. Every perjit issuel scmdd
keahje invmdil undess tce whr` hn tce site
mutchrizel ky suac perjit is ahjjenael witcin
2
Exaeptihn7 \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd is mutchrizel th
wmive tce sukjissihn hb ahnstruatihn lhaujents
mnl htcer lmtm nht requirel th ke prepmrel ky m
refisterel lesifn prhbessihnmd
prhbessihnmd ib it is bhunl tcmt tce
nmture hb tce whr` mppdiel bhr is suac tcmt review hb
ahnstruatihn lhaujents is nht neaessmry th hktmin
ahjpdimnae witc tcis ahle.

=?5.2 Quspensihn hr revhamtihn. \ce kuidlinf
hbbiaimd is mutchrizel th suspenl hr revh`e m perjit
issuel unler tce prhvisihns hb tcis ahle wcerever
tce perjit is issuel in errhr hr hn tce kmsis hb
inahrreat, inmaaurmte hr inahjpdete inbhrjmtihn, hr
in vihdmtihn hb mny hrlinmnae hr refudmtihn hr mny hb
tce prhvisihns hb tcis ahle.
=?5.6 _dmaejent hb perjit. \ce kuidlinf perjit
hr ahpy scmdd ke `ept hn tce site hb tce whr` untid
tce ahjpdetihn hb tce prhgeat.
QEA\IHN =?2 BDHH[ MNL [HHB
LEQIFN
LEQIFN D HMLQ
=?2.= Dive dhmls phstel. In ahjjeraimd hr
inlustrimd kuidlinfs, bhr emac bdhhr hr phrtihn
tcerehb lesifnel bhr dive dhmls exaeelinf ;.5?
`N/j;, suac lesifn dive dhmls scmdd ke
ahnspiauhusdy phstel ky tce hwner hr tce hwner’s
mutchrizel mfent
mfent in tcmt pmrt hb emac sthry in wciac
tcey mppdy, usinf lurmkde sifns. It scmdd ke undmwbud
th rejhve hr lebmae suac nhtiaes.
=?2.; Issumnae hb aertibiamte hb haaupmnay. M
aertibiamte hb haaupmnay requirel ky Qeatihn ===
scmdd nht ke issuel untid tce bdhhr dhml sifns,
requirel ky Qeatihn =?2.=, cmve keen instmddel.
=?2.1 [estriatihns hn dhmlinf. It scmdd ke
undmwbud th pdmae, hr amuse hr perjit th ke pdmael,
hn mny bdhhr hr rhhb hb m kuidlinf, struature hr
phrtihn tcerehb, m dhml
d hml fremter tcmn is perjittel ky
tcis ahle.
QEA\IHN =?6 QUKJI\\M
QUKJI\\MDD
LHAUJEN\Q
=?6.= Fenermd. Qukjittmd lhaujents ahnsistinf
hb ahnstruatihn lhaujents, stmtejent hb speaimd
inspeatihns, enfineerinf amdaudmtihns, limfrmjs mnl
htcer lmtm, fehteacniamd rephrt mnl htcer lmtm scmdd
ke sukjittel in twh hr jhre sets witc emac perjit
mppdiamtihn. \ce ahnstruatihn lhaujents scmdd ke
prepmrel ky m refisterel lesifn prhbessihnmd
prhbessihnmd Vce
Vcerere
speaimd ahnlitihns exist, tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd is
mutchrizel th require mllitihnmd ahnstruatihn
lhaujents th ke prepmrel ky m refisterel lesifn
prhbessihnmd.
QKA ;?=-A[-=3
ACM_\E[ = -QAH_E MNL M__DIAMKIDI\Y HB \CE QMULI KUIDLINF AHLE
jmnubmaturer’s instmddmtihn instruatihns tcmt prhvile
jmnubmaturer’s
supphrtinf lhaujentmtihn tcmt tce prhphsel
penetrmtihn mnl hpeninf letmids lesarikel in tce
ahnstruatihn lhaujents jmintmin tce wemtcer
resistmnae hb tce exterihr wmdd envedhpe. \ce
supphrtinf lhaujentmtihn scmdd buddy lesarike tce
exterihr wmdd systej tcmt wms testel, wcere
mppdiamkde, ms wedd ms tce test prhaelure usel.
=?6.; Ahnstruatihn lhaujents. Ahnstruatihn
lhaujents scmdd ke in maahrlmnae witc Qeatihns
=?6.;.= tcrhufc =?6.;.2.
=?6.;.
=?6 .;.=
= Inbhrjm tihn hn ahn
ahnstr
str uatihn lhaujents.
Ahnstruatihn lhaujents scmdd ke lijensihnel mnl
lrmwn uphn suitmkde jmterimd. Edeatrhnia jelim
lhaujents mre perjittel th ke sukjittel wcere
mpprhvel ky tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd. Ahnstruatihn
lhaujents scmdd ke hb subbiaient admrity th inliamte
tce dhamtihn, nmture mnl extent hb tce whr` prhphsel
mnl schw in letmid tcmt it widd ahnbhrj th tce
prhvisihns hb tcis ahle mnl redevmnt dmws,
hrlinmnaes, rudes mnl refudmtihns, ms leterjinel ky
tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd.
=?6.;.;
=?6.; .; Bire pr
prhteatihn
hteatihn syste
systej
j schp lr mwinfs.
Qchp lrmwinfs bhr tce bire prhteatihn systej(s)
scmdd ke sukjittel th tce lepmrtjent hb Aivid
Lebense ’s
Lebense hr tce lepmrtjent hb Aivid Lebense’s
lesifnmtel representmtive mnl scmdd inliamte
ahnbhrjmnae th tcis ahle mnl tce ahnstruatihn
lhaujents mnl scmdd ke mpprhvel prihr th tce stmrt
hb systej instmddmtihn. Qchp lrmwinfs scmdd ahntmin
mdd inbhrjmtihn ms requirel ky tce reberenael
instmddmtihn stmnlmrls in Acmpter 9.
=?6.;.1 Jemns hb efress. \ce ahnstruatihn
lhaujents scmdd schw in subbiaient letmid tce
dhamtihn, ahnstruatihn, size mnl acmrmater hb mdd
phrtihns hb tce jemns hb efress inadulinf tce pmtc
hb tce exit lisacmrfe th tce pukdia wmy in
ahjpdimnae witc tce prhvisihns hb tcis ahle. In
htcer tcmn haaupmnaies in Frhups [-;, [-1, mnl I-=,
tce ahnstruatihn lhaujents scmdd lesifnmte tce
nujker hb haaupmnts th ke maahjj
maahjjhlmtel
hlmtel hn every
bdhhr, mnl in mdd rhhjs mnl spmaes.
=?6.;.<
=?6.;.< Exter
Exterihr
ihr wmdd enveenvedhpe.
dhpe. Ahnstruatihn
lhaujents bhr mdd kuidlinfs scmdd lesarike tce
exterihr wmdd envedhpe in subbiaient letmid th
leterjine ahjpdimnae witc tcis ahle. \ce
ahnstruatihn lhaujents scmdd prhvile letmids hb tce
exterihr wmdd envedhpe ms requirel, inadulinf
bdmscinf, interseatihns witc lissijidmr jmterimds,
ahrners, enl letmids, ahntrhd ghints, interseatihns mt
rhhb, emves hr pmrmpets, jemns hb lrminmfe, wmter-
resistive jejkrmne mnl letmids mrhunl hpeninfs.
\ce ahnstruatihn lhaujents scmdd inadule
6
\ce htcer set scmdd ke returnel th tce mppdiamnt, scmdd
ke `ept mt tce site hb whr` mnl scmdd ke hpen th
inspeatihn ky tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd hr m ludy
mutchrizel representmtive.
=?6.1.; _revihus mpprhvmds. \cis ahle scmdd nht
require acmnfes in tce ahnstruatihn lhaujents,
ahnstruatihn hr lesifnmtel haaupmnay hb m struature

=?6.;.5 Qite pdmn . \ce ahnstruatihn lhaujents
sukjittel witc tce mppdiamtihn bhr perjit scmdd ke
maahjpmniel
maahjpm niel ky m site pdmn schwinf th samde tce size
mnl dhamtihn hb new ahnstruatihn mnl existinf
struatures hn tce site, listmnaes brhj dht dines, tce
estmkdiscel street frmles mnl tce prhphsel biniscel
frmles.0 mnl it scmdd ke lrmwn in maahrlmnae witc mn
maaurmte khunlmry dine survey. In tce amse hb
lejhditihn, tce site pdmn scmdd schw ahnstruatihn th
ke lejhdiscel mnlmnl tce dhamtihn mnl size
size hb existinf
struatures mnl ahnstruatihn tcmt mre th rejmin hn tce
site hr pdht. \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd is mutchrizel th
wmive hr jhliby tce requirejent bhr m site pdmn
wcere tce mppdiamtihn bhr perjit is bhr mdtermtihn hr
repmir hr wcere htcerwise wmrrmntel.
=?6.;.2 Qtruaturmd inbhrjmtihn. \ce ahnstruatihn
lhaujents scmdd prhvile tce inbhrjmtihn speaibiel
in Qeatihn =2?1.
=?6.;.6 Jmnubmaturer’s instmddmtihn instruatihns.
Jmnubmaturer’s instmddmtihn instruatihns, ms requirel
ky tcis ahle,
ahle, scmdd ke mvmidmkde hn tce ghk site mt tce
tije hb inspeatihn.
=?6.;.3 Inbhrjmtihn hn krmael wmdd lesifn. Bhr
kuidlinfs mnl struatures utidizinf krmael wmdd
lesifn, mnl wcere requirel ky tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd,
krmael wmdd dines scmdd ke ilentibiel hn tce
ahnstruatihn lhaujents. _ertinent inbhrjmtihn
inadulinf, kut nht dijitel th, krmainf jetchls,
dhamtihn mnl denftc hb krmael wmdd pmneds mnl
bhunlmtihn requirejents hb krmael wmdd pmneds mt
thp mnl khtthj scmdd ke prhvilel.
=?6.1 Exmjinmtihn hb lhaujents. \ce kuidlinf
hbbiaimd scmdd exmjine hr amuse th ke exmjinel tce
maahjpmnyinf sukjittmd lhaujents mnl scmdd
msaertmin ky suac exmjinmtihns wcetcer tce
ahnstruatihn inliamtel mnl lesarikel is in
maahrlmnae witc tce requirejents hb tcis ahle mnl
htcer pertinent dmws hr hrlinmnaes.
=?6.1.= Mppr hvmd hb ahnstr uatihn lhaujent
=?6.1.= lhaujents. s.
Vcen tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd issues m perjit, tce
ahnstruatihn lhaujents scmdd ke mpprhvel, in
writinf hr ky stmjp, ms —[eviewel bhr Ahle
Ahjpdimnae.‚ Hne set hb ahnstruatihn lhaujents sh
reviewel scmdd ke retminel ky tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd.
QKA ;?=-A[-=3
ACM_\E[ = -QAH_E MNL M__DIAMKIDI\Y HB \CE QMULI KUIDLINF AHLE
tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd. \ce refisterel lesifn
prhbessihnmd in resphnsikde acmrfe scmdd dist tce
leberrel sukjittmds hn tce ahnstruatihn lhaujents
bhr review ky tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd.
Lhaujents bhr leberrel sukjittmd itejs scmdd ke
sukjittel th tce refisterel lesifn prhbessihnmd in
resphnsikde acmrfe wch scmdd review tcej mnl
bhr wciac m dmwbud perjit cms keen cerethbhre
issuel hr htcerwise dmwbuddy mutchrizel, mnl tce
ahnstruatihn hb wciac cms keen pursuel in fhhl
bmitc witcin =3? lmys mbter tce ebbeative lmte hb tcis
ahle mnl cms nht keen mkmnlhnel.
=?6.1.1 _cmsel mpprhvmd. \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd is
mutchrizel th issue m perjit bhr tce ahnstruatihn hb
bhunlmtihns hr mny htcer pmrt hb m kuidlinf hr
struature kebhre tce ahnstruatihn lhaujents bhr tce
wchde kuidlinf hr struature cmve keen sukjittel,
prhvilel tcmt mlequmte inbhrjmtihn mnl letmidel
stmtejents cmve keen bidel ahjpdyinf witc
pertinent requirejents hb tcis ahle. \ce chdler hb
suac perjit bhr tce bhunlmtihn hr htcer pmrts hb m
kuidlinf hr struature scmdd prhaeel mt tce chdler’s
hwn ris` witc tce kuidlinf hpermtihn mnl witchut
mssurmnae tcmt m perjit bhr tce entire struature widd
ke frmntel.
=?6.1.<
=?6.1.< Lesi
Lesifn
fn pr hbes
hbessihnmd
sihnmd in resphnsik de
acmrfe. Vcere it is requirel tcmt lhaujents ke
prepmrel ky m refisterel lesifn prhbessihnmd, tce
kuidlinf hbbiaimd scmdd ke mutchrizel th require tce
hwner hr tce hwner’s mutchrizel mfent th enfmfe
mnl lesifnmte hn tce kuidlinf perjit mppdiamtihn m
refisterel lesifn prhbessihnmd wch scmdd mat ms tce
refisterel lesifn prhbessihnmd in resphnsikde
acmrfe. Ib tce airaujstmnaes require, tce hwner hr
tce hwner’s mutchrizel mfent scmdd lesifnmte
lesi fnmte m
sukstitute refisterel lesifn prhbessihnmd in
resphnsikde acmrfe wch scmdd perbhrj tce luties
requirel hb tce hrifinmd refisterel lesifn
prhbessihnmd in resphnsikde acmrfe. \ce kuidlinf
hbbiaimd scmdd ke nhtibiel in writinf ky tce hwner hr
tce hwner’s mutchrizel mfent ib tce refisterel
lesifn prhbessihnmd in resphnsikde acmrfe is
acmnfel hr is unmkde th ahntinue th perbhrj tce
luties.
\ce refisterel lesifn prhbessihnmd in resphnsikde
acmrfe scmdd ke resphnsikde bhr reviewinf mnl
ahhrlinmtinf sukjittmd lhaujents prepmrel ky
htcers, inadulinf pcmsel mnl leberrel sukjittmd
itejs, bhr ahjpmtikidity witc tce lesifn hb tce
kuidlinf.
=?6.1.<.= Leberrel sukjittmds. Leberrmd hb
mny sukjittmd itejs scmdd cmve tce prihr mpprhvmd hb
3
speaibiel bhr tejphrmry difctinf, cemt hr phwer in
tce Qmuli Edeatriamd Ahle QKA <?=.
=?3.< \erjinmtihn hb mpprhvmd. \ce kuidlinf
hbbiaimd is mutchrizel th terjinmte suac perjit bhr m
tejphrmry struature hr use mnl th hrler tce
tejphrmry struature hr use th ke lisahntinuel.
QEA\IHN =?9 BEEQ
 bhrwmrl tcej th tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd witc m nhtmtihn
inliamtinf tcmt tce leberrel sukjittmd lhaujents
cmve keen reviewel mnl bhunl th ke in fenermd
ahnbhrjmnae th tce lesifn hb tce kuidlinf. \ce
leberrel sukjittmd itejs scmdd nht ke instmddel untid
tce leberrel sukjittmd lhaujents cmve keen
mpprhvel ky tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd.
=?6.< Mjenlel ahnstruatihn lhaujents. Vhr`
scmdd ke instmddel in maahrlmnae witc tce mpprhvel
ahnstruatihn lhaujents, mnl mny acmnfes jmle
lurinf ahnstruatihn tcmt mre nht in ahjpdimnae witc
tce mpprhvel ahnstruatihn lhaujents scmdd ke
resukjittel bhr mpprhvmd ms mn mjenlel set hb
ahnstruatihn lhaujents.
=?6.5 [etentihn hb ahnstruatihn lhaujents.
Hne set hb mpprhvel ahnstruatihn lhaujents scmdd
ke retminel ky tce
t ce kuidlinf
kuid linf hbbiaimd bhr m perihl hb
nht dess tcmn =3? lmys brhj lmte hb ahjpdetihn hb
tce perjittel whr` exaept tchse sukgeat th =?<.6.
Lupdiamtihn mnl review scmdd ke sukgeat th =?<.6.=.
QEA\IHN =?3 \EJ_H[M[Y
Q\[UA\U[EQ MNL UQEQ
=?3.= Fenermd. \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd is
mutchrizel th issue m perjit bhr tejphrmry
struatures mnl tejphrmry uses. Quac perjits scmdd
ke dijitel ms th tije hb serviae, kut scmdd nht ke
perjittel bhr jhre tcmn =3? lmys. \ce kuidlinf
hbbiaimd is mutchrizel th frmnt extensihns bhr
lejhnstrmtel amuse.
=?3.; Ahnbhrjmnae. \ejphrmry struatures mnl
uses scmdd ahnbhrj th tce struaturmd strenftc, bire
smbety, jemns hb efress, difct, ventidmtihn mnl
smnitmry requirejents hb tcis ahle ms neaessmry th
ensure tce pukdia cemdtc, smbety mnl fenermd wedbmre.
wedbmre.
\ejphrmry struatures mnl uses scmdd ahjpdy witc
tce requirejents in Qeatihn 1=?1.
=?3.1 \ejphrmry phwer. \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd is
mutchrizel th five perjissihn th tejphrmridy suppdy
mnl use phwer in pmrt hb mn edeatria instmddmtihn
kebhre suac instmddmtihn cms keen buddy ahjpdetel
ahjpdetel
mnl tce binmd aertibiamte hb ahjpdetihn cms keen
issuel. \ce pmrt ahverel ky tce tejphrmry
aertibiamte scmdd ahjpdy witc tce requirejents
QKA ;?=-A[-=3
ACM_\E[ = -QAH_E MNL M__DIAMKIDI\Y HB \CE QMULI KUIDLINF AHLE
;. Nht jhre tcmn
t cmn (3?% reahjjenlel)
reahjjenlel) peraent
hb tce perjit bee pmil wcere whr` cms nht
keen lhne unler m perjit issuel in
maahrlmnae witc tcis ahle.
1. Nht jhre tcmn
t cmn (3?% reahjjenlel)
reahjjenlel) peraent
hb tce pdmn review bee pmil wcere mn
mppdiamtihn bhr m perjit bhr wciac m pdmn
=?9.= _myjent hb bees. M perjit scmdd nht ke
vmdil untid tce bees presarikel ky dmw cmve keen
pmil, nhr scmdd mn mjenljent
mjenljent th m perjit ke
redemsel untid tce mllitihnmd bee, ib mny, cms keen
pmil.
=?9.; Qacelude hb perjit bees. Hn kuidlinfs,
struatures, edeatriamd, fms, jeacmniamd, mnl
pdujkinf systejs
systejs hr mdtermtihns requirinf m perjit,
m bee bhr emac perjit scmdd ke pmil ms requirel, in
maahrlmnae witc tce sacelude ms estmkdiscel ky tce
mppdiamkde fhverninf mutchrity.
=?9.1 Kuidlinf perjit vmdumtihns. \ce mppdiamnt
bhr m perjit scmdd prhvile mn estijmtel perjit vmdue
mt tije hb mppdiamtihn. _erjit vmdumtihns scmdd
inadule thtmd vmdue hb whr`, inadulinf jmterimds mnl
dmkhr, bhr wciac tce perjit isi s keinf issuel, suac ms
edeatriamd, fms, jeacmniamd, pdujkinf equipjent
mnl perjmnent systejs. Ib, in tce hpinihn hb tce
kuidlinf hbbiaimd, tce vmdumtihn is unlerestijmtel
unlerestijmtel hn
tce mppdiamtihn, tce perjit scmdd ke leniel, undess
tce mppdiamnt amn schw letmidel estijmtes th jeet
tce mpprhvmd hb tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd. Binmd kuidlinf
perjit vmdumtihn scmdd ke set ky tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd.
=?9.< Vhr` ahjjenainf kebhre perjit
issumnae. Mny pershn wch ahjjenaes mny whr` hn
m kuidlinf, struature, edeatriamd, fms, jeacmniamd hr
pdujkinf systej kebhre hktmininf tce neaessmry
perjits scmdd ke ahnsilerel m vihdmtihn
vihdmti hn mnl sukgeat
th m bee estmkdiscel ky tce kuidlinf
kui dlinf hbbiaimd tcmt scmdd
ke in mllitihn th tce requirel perjit bees.
bees.
=?9.5 [edmtel bees. \ce pmyjent hb tce bee bhr
tce ahnstruatihn, mdtermtihn, rejhvmd hr lejhditihn
bhr whr` lhne in ahnneatihn th hr ahnaurrentdy witc
tce whr` mutchrizel ky m kuidlinf perjit scmdd nht
redieve tce mppdiamnt hr chdler hb tce perjit brhj
tce pmyjent hb htcer bees tcmt mre presarikel ky dmw.
=?9.2 [ebunls. \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd is
mutchrizel th estmkdisc m rebunl phdiay. \ce kuidlinf
hbbiaimd scmdd mutchrize tce rebunlinf hb bees ms
bhddhws.
=. \ce budd mjhunt hb mny bee pmil cereunler
wciac wms errhnehusdy pmil hr ahddeatel.
9
==?.1.;
==?.1. ; Ahnarete sdmk
sdmk mnl unler -bdh
-bdhhr
hr
inspeatihn. Ahnarete sdmk mnl unler-bdhhr
inspeatihns scmdd ke jmle mbter in-sdmk hr unler-
bdhhr reinbhrainf steed mnl kuidlinf serviae
equipjent, ahnluit, pipinf maaesshries mnl htcer
mnaiddmry equipjent itejs mre in pdmae, kut kebhre
mny ahnarete is pdmael hr bdhhr scemtcinf instmddel,
inadulinf tce sukbdhhr.

review bee cms keen pmil is witclrmwn hr
amnaeddel kebhre mny pdmn review ebbhrt cms
keen expenlel.
\ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd scmdd nht mutchrize tce
rebunlinf hb mny bee pmil, exaept uphn written
mppdiamtihn bidel ky tce hrifinmd perjittee nht dmter
tcmn =3? lmys mbter tce lmte hb bee pmyjent.
QEA\IHN ==? INQ_EA\IHNQ
==?.= Fenermd. Ahnstruatihn hr whr` bhr wciac m
perjit is requirel scmdd ke sukgeat th inspeatihn ky
tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd mnl suac ahnstruatihn hr whr`
scmdd rejmin maaessikde mnl exphsel bhr inspeatihn
purphses untid mpprhvel.
mpprhvel. Mpprhvmd ms m resudt hb mn
inspeatihn scmdd nht ke ahnstruel th ke mn mpprhvmd
hb m vihdmtihn hb tce prhvisihns hb tcis ahle hr hb
htcer hrlinmnaes hb tce gurisliatihn. Inspeatihns
presujinf th five mutchrity
mutchrity th vihdmte hr amnaed tce
prhvisihns hb tcis ahle hr hb htcer hrlinmnaes hb tce
gurisliatihn scmdd
scmdd nht ke vmdil. It scmdd ke tce luty hb
tce hwner hr tce hwner’s mutchrizel mfent th amuse
tce whr` th rejmin maaessikde mnl exphsel bhr
inspeatihn purphses. Neitcer tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd
nhr tce gurisliatihn scmdd ke dimkde bhr expense
entmidel in tce rejhvmd hr repdmaejent hb mny
jmterimd requirel th mddhw inspeatihn.
==?.; _redijinmry inspeatihn. Kebhre issuinf m
perjit, tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd is mutchrizel th
exmjine hr amuse th ke exmjinel kuidlinfs,
struatures mnl sites bhr wciac mn mppdiamtihn cms
keen bidel.
==?.1 [equirel inspeatihns. \ce kuidlinf
hbbiaimd, uphn nhtibiamtihn, scmdd jm`e tce
inspeatihns set bhrtc in Qeatihns ==?.1.= tcrhufc
==?.1. ==.
==?.1.=
==?.1.= Bhhtinf mnl bhunlmt ihn inspeatihn.
Bhhtinf mnl bhunlmtihn inspeatihns scmdd ke jmle
mbter examvmtihns bhr bhhtinfs mre ahjpdete mnl mny
requirel reinbhrainf steed is in pdmae. Bhr ahnarete
bhunlmtihns, mny requirel bhrjs scmdd ke in pdmae
prihr th inspeatihn. Jmterimds bhr tce bhunlmtihn
scmdd ke hn tce ghk, exaept wcere ahnarete is remly
jixel in maahrlmnae witc MQ\J A 9<, tce ahnarete
neel nht ke hn tce ghk.
QKA ;?=-A[-=3
ACM_\E[ = -QAH_E MNL M__DIAMKIDI\Y HB \CE QMULI KUIDLINF AHLE
Exaeptihn7 Kma`biddinf hb frhunl-shurae cemt
pujp dhhp systejs testel in maahrlmnae witc
Qeatihn J;=?5.= prihr th inspeatihn scmdd ke
perjittel.
==?.1.=? Qpeaimd inspeat
inspeatihns.
ihns. Bhr speaimd
inspeatihns, see Acmpter =6.
==?.1.==
==?.1.== Binmd inspeatihn. \ce binmd
inadulinf tce sukbdhhr.
==?.1.
==?.1.1
1 reservel bhr nu jker inf
==?.1.< Br mje inspeatihn. Brmjinf inspeatihns
==?.1.<
scmdd ke jmle bhr emac bdhhr mnl vertiamd edejents
prihr th tce pdmaejent hb suksequent bdhhrs mnl tce
pipes, acijneys mnl vents th ke ahnaemdel mre
ahjpdete mnl tce rhufc edeatriamd, pdujkinf,
cemtinf wires, pipes mnl luats mre mpprhvel.
==?.1.5 Dmtc, fypsuj khmrl mnl fypsuj pmned
pr hlu
hluat
at inspeat
inspeatihn.
ihn. Dmtc, fypsuj khmrl mnl
fypsuj pmned prhluat inspeatihns scmdd ke jmle
mbter dmtcinf, fypsuj khmrl mnl fypsuj pmned
prhluats, interihr mnl exterihr, mre in pdmae, kut
kebhre mny pdmsterinf is mppdiel hr fypsuj khmrl
mnl fypsuj pmned prhluat ghints mnl bmsteners mre
tmpel mnl biniscel.
Exaeptihn7 Fypsuj khmrl mnl fypsuj pmned
prhluats tcmt
mssejkdy hr m mre nhtmssejkdy.
scemr pmrt hb m bire-resistmnae-rm
bi re-resistmnae-rmtel
tel
==?.1.2 Bire- mnl sjh`e-resistmnt penetrmtihns.
_rhteatihn hb ghints mnl penetrmtihns in bire-
resistmnae rmtel mssejkdies, sjh`e kmrriers mnl
sjh`e pmrtitihns scmdd nht ke ahnaemdel brhj view
untid inspeatel mnl mpprhvel.
==?.1
==?.1.6
.6 Ener fy ebbiaienay
ebbiaienay inspeatihns.
Inspeatihns scmdd ke jmle th leterjine ahjpdimnae
ahjpdimnae
witc Acmpter =1 mnl scmdd inadule, kut nht ke dijitel
th, inspeatihns bhr7 envedhpe insudmtihn [- mnl U-
vmdues, benestrmtihn U-vmdue, luat systej [-vmdue,
mnl CRMA mnl wmter-cemtinf equipjent
ebbiaienay.
==?.1
==?.1.3
.3 Htcer inspeatihns. In mllitihn th tce
inspeatihns speaibiel in Qeatihns ==?.1.= tcrhufc
==?.1.6, tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd is mutchrizel th jm`e
hr require htcer inspeatihns hb mny ahnstruatihn
whr` th msaertmin ahjpdimnae witc tce prhvisihns hb
tcis ahle mnl htcer dmws tcmt mre enbhrael ky tce
lepmrtjent hb kuidlinf smbety.
==?.1.9 _dujkinf, jeacmniamd, fms mnl edeatriamd
systejs
syste js inspeatihn. [hufc inspeatihn hb pdujk
pdujkinf,
inf,
jeacmniamd, fms mnl edeatriamd systejs scmdd ke
jmle prihr th ahverinf hr ahnaemdjent, kebhre
bixtures hr mppdimnaes mre set hr instmddel,
instmdd el, mnl prihr
th brmjinf inspeatihn.
=?
htcer dmws tcmt mre enbhrael ky tce lepmrtjent hb
kuidlinf smbety, tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd scmdd issue m
aertibiamte hb haaupmnay tcmt ahntmins tce bhddhwinf7
=. \ce kuidlinf perjit nujker.
;. \ce mllress hb tce struature.
1. \ce nmje mnl mllress hb tce hwner hr tce

inspeatihn scmdd ke jmle mbter mdd whr` requirel ky
tce kuidlinf perjit is ahjpdetel.
==?.< Inspeatihn mfenaies. \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd
is mutchrizel th maaept rephrts hb mpprhvel
inspeatihn mfenaies, prhvilel suac mfenaies smtisby
tce requirejents ms th qumdibiamtihns mnl redimkidity.
==?.5 Inspeatihn requests. It scmdd ke tce luty hb
tce chdler hb tce kuidlinf perjit hr tceir ludy
mutchrizel mfent th nhtiby tce kuidlinf
kui dlinf hbbiaimd wcen
whr` is remly bhr inspeatihn. It scmdd ke tce luty hb
tce perjit chdler th prhvile maaess th mnl jemns bhr
inspeatihns hb suac whr` tcmt mre requirel ky tcis
ahle.
==?.2 Mpprhvmd requirel. Vhr` scmdd nht ke
lhne keyhnl tce phint inliamtel
i nliamtel in emac suaaessive
suaaessive
inspeatihn witchut birst hktmininf tce mpprhvmd hb
tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd. \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd, uphn
nhtibiamtihn, scmdd jm`e tce requestel inspeatihns
mnl scmdd eitcer inliamte tce phrtihn hb tce
ahnstruatihn tcmt is smtisbmathry ms ahjpdetel, hr
nhtiby tce perjit chdler hr cis hr cer mfent wcerein
tce smje bmids th ahjpdy witc tcis ahle. Mny
phrtihns tcmt lh nht ahjpdy scmdd ke ahrreatel mnl
suac phrtihn scmdd nht ke ahverel hr ahnaemdel untid
mutchrizel ky tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd.
QEA\IHN === AE[\IBIAM\E HB
HAAU_MNAY
===.= Use mnl haaupmnay. M kuidlinf hr
struature scmdd nht ke usel hr haaupiel, mnl m
acmnfe in tce existinf use hr haaupmnay
admssibiamtihn hb ke
tcerehb scmdd nht m kuidlinf hr struature
jmle, untid hr phrtihn
tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd
cms issuel m aertibiamte hb haaupmnay tcerebhr ms
prhvilel cerein. Issumnae hb m aertibiamte hb
haaupmnay scmdd nht ke ahnstruel ms mn mpprhvmd hb
m vihdmtihn hb tce prhvisihns hb tcis ahle hr hb htcer
hrlinmnaes hb tce gurisliatihn.
Exaeptihn7 Aertibiamtes hb haaupmnay mre nht
requirel bhr whr` exejpt brhj perjits in
maahrlmnae witc Qeatihn =?5.;.
===.; Aertibiamte issuel. Mbter tce kuidlinf
hbbiaimd inspeats tce kuidlinf hr struature mnl lhes
nht binl vihdmtihns hb tce prhvisihns hb tcis ahle hr
QKA ;?=-A[-=3
ACM_\E[ = -QAH_E MNL M__DIAMKIDI\Y HB \CE QMULI KUIDLINF AHLE
enerfy, bued hr phwer th mny kuidlinf hr systej tcmt
is refudmtel ky tcis ahle bhr wciac m perjit is
requirel, untid redemsel ky tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd.
==;.; \ejphrmry ahnneatihn. \ce kuidlinf
hbbiaimd scmdd cmve tce mutchrity th mutchrize tce
tejphrmry ahnneatihn hb tce kuidlinf hr systej th
tce utidity, shurae hb enerfy, bued hr phwer.
hwner’s mutchrizel mfent.
<. M lesariptihn hb tcmt phrtihn hb tce struature
bhr wciac tce aertibiamte is issuel.
5. M stmtejent tcmt tce lesarikel phrtihn hb tce
struature cms keen inspeatel bhr ahjpdimnae
witc tce requirejents hb tcis ahle bhr tce
haaupmnay mnl livisihn hb haaupmnay mnl tce
use bhr wciac tce prhphsel haaupmnay is
admssibiel.
2. \ce nmje hb tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd.
6. \ce elitihn hb tce ahle unler wciac tce
perjit wms issuel.
3. \ce use mnl haaupmnay, in maahrlmnae witc
tce prhvisihns hb Acmpter 1.
9. \ce type hb ahnstruatihn ms lebinel in Acmpter
2.
=?. \ce lesifn haaupmnt dhml.
==. Ib mn muthjmtia sprin`der systej is prhvilel,
wcetcer tce sprin`der systej is requirel.
=;. Mny speaimd stipudmtihns mnl ahnlitihns hb
tce kuidlinf perjit.
===.1 \ejphrmry haaupmnay. \ce kuidlinf
hbbiaimd is mutchrizel th issue m tejphrmry aertibiamte
hb haaupmnay kebhre tce ahjpdetihn hb tce entire
whr` ahverel ky tce perjit, prhvilel tcmt suac
phrtihn hr phrtihns scmdd ke haaupiel smbedy. \ce
kuidlinf hbbiaimd scmdd set m tije perihl lurinf
wciac tce tejphrmry aertibiamte hb haaupmnay is
vmdil.
===.< [evhamtihn. \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd is
mutchrizel th, in writinf, suspenl hr revh`e m
aertibiamte hb haaupmnay hr ahjpdetihn issuel unler
tce prhvisihns hb tcis ahle wcerever tce aertibiamte
is issuel in errhr, hr hn tce kmsis hb inahrreat
inbhrjmtihn suppdiel, hr wcere it is leterjinel tcmt
tce kuidlinf hr struature hr phrtihn tcerehb is in
vihdmtihn hb mny hrlinmnae hr refudmtihn hr mny hb
tce prhvisihns hb tcis ahle.
QEA\IHN ==; QE[RIAE U\IDI\IEQ
==;.= Ahnneatihn hb serviae utidities. M pershn
scmdd nht jm`e ahnneatihns brhj m utidity,
uti dity, shurae hb
==
mny kuidlinf, struature hr equipjent refudmtel ky
tcis ahle, hr amuse smje th ke lhne, in ahnbdiat witc
hr in vihdmtihn hb mny hb tce prhvisihns hb tcis ahle.
==<.; Nhtiae hb vihdmtihn. \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd is
mutchrizel th serve m nhtiae hb vihdmtihn hr hrler hn
tce pershn resphnsikde bhr tce ereatihn,
ahnstruatihn, mdtermtihn, extensihn, repmir, jhvinf,

==;.1 Mutchrity th lisahnneat serviae utidities.
\ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd scmdd cmve tce mutchrity th
mutchrize lisahnneatihn hb utidity serviae th tce
kuidlinf, struature hr systej refurefudmtel
dmtel ky tcis ahle
ahle
mnl tce reberenael ahles mnl stmnlmrls set bhrtc in
Qeatihn =?=.< in amse hb ejerfenay wcere
neaessmry th edijinmte mn ijjelimte cmzmrl th dibe
hr prhperty hr wcere suac utidity ahnneatihn cms
keen jmle witchut tce mpprhvmd requirel ky Qeatihn
==;.= hr ==;.;. \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd scmdd nhtiby tce
servinf utidity, mnl wcerever phssikde tce hwner mnl
haaupmnt hb tce kuidlinf,
kuidli nf, struature hr serviae systej
hb tce leaisihn th lisahnneat prihr th tm`inf suac
matihn. Ib nht nhtibiel prihr th lisahnneatinf, tce
hwner hr haaupmnt hb tce kuidlinf, struature hr
serviae systej scmdd ke nhtibiel in writinf, ms shhn
ms prmatiamd tcerembter.
QEA\IHN ==1 KHM[L HB M__EMD
QEA\IHN M__EMDQQ
==1.= Fenermd. In hrler th cemr mnl leaile
mppemds hb hrlers, leaisihns hr leterjinmtihns jmle
ky tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd redmtive th tce mppdiamtihn
mnl interpretmtihn hb tcis ahle, tcere scmdd ke mnl is
cereky aremtel m khmrl hb mppemds. \ce khmrl hb
mppemds scmdd ke mpphintel ky tce Jinister ms
lebinel ky tce fhvernjent refudmtihn mnl scmdd chdl
hbbiae mt cis pdemsure. \ce khmrl scmdd mlhpt rudes
hb prhaelure bhr ahnluatinf its kusiness.
kusi ness.
==1.; Dijitmtihns hn mutchrity. Mn mppdiamtihn
bhr mppemd scmdd ke kmsel hn m admij tcmt tce true
intent hb tcis ahle hr tce rudes defmddy mlhptel
tcereunler cmve keen inahrreatdy interpretel, tce
prhvisihns hb tcis ahle lh nht buddy mppdy hr mn
equmddy fhhl hr ketter bhrj hb ahnstruatihn is
prhphsel. \ce khmrl scmdd nht cmve mutchrity th
wmive requirejents
requirejents hb tcis ahle.
==1.1 ]umdibiamtihns. \ce khmrl hb mppemds scmdd
ahnsist hb jejkers wch mre qumdibiel ky experienae
mnl trmininf th pmss hn jmtters pertmininf th
kuidlinf ahnstruatihn mnl mre nht ejpdhyees hb tce
gurisliatihn representmtive hb redevmnt mfenaies.
mfenaies.
QEA\IHN ==< RIHDM \IHNQ
==<.= Undmwbud mats. It scmdd ke undmwbud bhr mny
pershn, birj hr ahrphrmtihn th ereat,
ereat, ahnstrua
ahnstruat,
t, mdter,
mdter,
extenl, repmir, jhve, rejhve, lejhdisc hr haaupy
QKA ;?=-A[-=3
ACM_\E[ = -QAH_E MNL M__DIAMKIDI\Y HB \CE QMULI KUIDLINF AHLE
==5.1 Undmwbud ahntinumnae. Mny pershn wch
scmdd ahntinue mny whr` mbter cmvinf keen servel
witc m sthp whr` hrler, exaept suac whr` ms tcmt
pershn is lireatel th perbhrj th rejhve
rejhve m vihdmtihn
hr unsmbe ahnlitihn, scmdd ke sukgeat
sukg eat th penmdties ms
presarikel ky Acmpter 2 hb tce Ijpdejentmtihn
Ijpdejentmtihn
refudmtihns hb QKA ;?=.
rejhvmd, lejhditihn hr haaupmnay hb m kuidlinf hr
struature in vihdmtihn hb tce prhvisihns hb tcis
tci s ahle,
hr in vihdmtihn hb m perjit hr aertibiamte issuel unler
tce prhvisihns hb tcis ahle. Quac hrler scmdd lireat
tce lisahntinumnae hb tce iddefmd matihn hr ahnlitihn
mnl tce mkmtejent hb tce vihdmtihn.
==<.1 _rhseautihn hb vihdmtihn. Ib tce nhtiae hb
vihdmtihn is nht ahjpdiel witc prhjptdy, tce
kuidlinf hbbiaimd is mutchrizel th
t h request tce defmd
ahunsed hb tce gurisliatihn th institute tce
mpprhprimte prhaeelinf mt dmw hr in equity th
restrmin, ahrreat hr mkmte suac vihdmtihn, hr th
require tce rejhvmd hr terjinmtihn hb tce undmwbud
haaupmnay hb tce kuidlinf hr struature in vihdmtihn
hb tce prhvisihns hb tcis ahle hr hb tce hrler hr
lireatihn jmle pursumnt tcereth.
==<.< Rihdmtihn penmdties. Mny pershn wch
vihdmtes m prhvisihn hb tcis ahle hr bmids th ahjpdy
witc mny hb tce requirejents tcerehb hr wch ereats,
ahnstruats, mdters hr repmirs m kuidlinf hr struature
in vihdmtihn hb tce mpprhvel ahnstruatihn lhaujents
hr lireative hb tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd, hr hb m perjit
hr aertibiamte issuel unler tce prhvisihns hb tcis
ahle, scmdd ke sukgeat th penmdties ms presarikel ky
dmw.
QEA\IHN ==5 Q\H_ VH[@ H[LE[
==5.= Mutchrity. Vcere tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd
binls mny whr` refudmtel ky tcis ahle keinf
perbhrjel in m jmnner eitcer ahntrmry th tce
prhvisihns hb tcis ahle hr lmnferhus hr unsmbe, tce
kuidlinf hbbiaimd is mutchrizel th issue m sthp whr`
hrler. \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd’s lesifnmtel
representmtive scmdd nht issue sthp hrlers witchut
birst hktmininf mpprhvmd brhj tce Juniaipmd
Kuidlinf Hbbiaimd.
==5.; Issumnae. \ce sthp whr` hrler scmdd ke in
writinf mnl scmdd ke fiven th tce hwner hb tce
prhperty invhdvel, tce hwner’s mutchrizel mfent hr
tce pershn perbhrjinf tce whr`. Uphn issumnae hb
m sthp whr` hrler, tce aitel
ait el whr` scmdd ijjelimtedy
aemse. \ce sthp whr` hrler scmdd stmte tce remshn bhr
tce hrler mnl tce ahnlitihns unler wciac tce aitel
whr` widd ke perjittel th resuje.
=;
hwner’s mfent hr uphn tce pershn
p ershn resphnsikde bhr
tce struature scmdd ahnstitute serviae hb nhtiae uphn
tce hwner.
==2.5 [esthrmtihn. Vcere tce struature hr
equipjent leterjinel
leterjinel th ke unsmbe ky tce kuidlinf
hbbiaimd is resthrel th m smbe ahnlitihn, th tce extent
tcmt repmirs, mdtermtihns hr mllitihns mre jmle hr m
 QEA\IHN ==2 UNQMBE Q\[UA\U[EQ
Q\[UA\U[EQ acmnfe hb haaupmnay haaurs lurinf tce resthrmtihn
MNL E]UI_JEN\ hb tce struature, suac repmirs, mdtermtihns, mllitihns
mnl acmnfe hb haaupmnay scmdd ahjpdy witc tce
==2.= Ahnlitihns. Qtruatures hr existinf requirejents hb Qeatihn =?5.;.; mnl QKA 9?=.
equipjent
insmnitmry hrtcmt mre hrkeamuse
lebiaient cerembter keahje unsmbe,
hb inmlequmte jemns
hb efress bmaidities, inmlequmte difct mnl ventidmtihn,
hr tcmt ahnstitute m bire cmzmrl, hr mre htcerwise
lmnferhus th cujmn dibe hr tce pukdia wedbmre, hr
tcmt invhdve iddefmd hr ijprhper haaupmnay hr
inmlequmte jmintenmnae,
jmintenmnae, scmdd ke leejel mn unsmbe
ahnlitihn. Unsmbe struatures scmdd ke tm`en lhwn
mnl rejhvel hr jmle smbe, ms tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd
leejs neaessmry mnl ms prhvilel bhr in tcis
t cis seatihn.
M vmamnt struature tcmt is nht seaurel mfminst entry
scmdd ke leejel unsmbe.
==2.; [eahrl. \ce kuidlinf hbbiaimd scmdd amuse m
rephrt th ke bidel
bid el hn mn unsmbe ahnlitihn. \ce rephrt
scmdd stmte tce haaupmnay hb tce struature mnl tce
nmture hb tce unsmbe ahnlitihn.
==2.1 Nhtiae. Ib mn unsmbe ahnlitihn is bhunl, tce
kuidlinf hbbiaimd scmdd serve hn tce hwner, mfent hr
pershn in ahntrhd hb tce struature, m written nhtiae
tcmt lesarikes tce ahnlitihn leejel unsmbe mnl
speaibies tce requirel repmirs hr ijprhvejents th ke
jmle th mkmte tce unsmbe ahnlitihn, hr tcmt requires
tce unsmbe struature th ke lejhdiscel witcin m
stipudmtel tije. Quac nhtiae scmdd require tce pershn
tcus nhtibiel th leadmre ijjelimtedy th tce kuidlinf
hbbiaimd maaeptmnae hr regeatihn hb tce terjs hb tce
hrler.
==2.< Jetchl hb serviae. Quac nhtiae scmdd ke

leejel prhperdy servel

servel ib m ahpy ttcerehb
cerehb is
(m) lediverel th tce hwner pershnmddy0
(k) sent ky aertibiel hr refisterel jmid mllressel th
tce hwner mt tce dmst `nhwn mllress witc tce return
reaeipt requestel0 hr
(a) lediverel in mny htcer jmnner ms presarikel ky
dhamd dmw.
Ib tce aertibiel hr refisterel detter is returnel
schwinf tcmt tce detter wms nht lediverel, m ahpy
tcerehb scmdd ke phstel in m ahnspiauhus pdmae in hr
mkhut tce struature mbbeatel ky suac nhtiae. Qerviae
hb suac nhtiae in tce bhrefhinf jmnner uphn tce

QKA ;?=-A[-=3 =1

ACM_\E[ = -QAH_E MNL M__DIAMKIDI\Y HB \CE QMULI KUIDLINF AHLE

\cis pmfe debt intentihnmddy kdmn`

 QKA ;?=-A[-=3 =<

ACM_\E[ ; -LEBINI\IHNQ

LEBINI\IHNQ

QEA\IHN ;?= FENE[MD
;?=.= Qahpe. Undess htcerwise expressdy stmtel,
tce bhddhwinf whrls mnl terjs scmdd, bhr tce
purphses hb tcis ahle, cmve tce jemninfs schwn in
tcis acmpter.
;?=.; Interacmnfemkidity. Vhrls usel in tce
present tense inadule tce buture0
buture0 whrls stmtel
stmtel in tce
jmsaudine fenler inadule tce bejinine0 tce sinfudmr
nujker inadules tce pdurmd mnl tce pdurmd, tce
sinfudmr.
;?=.1 \erjs lebinel in htcer ahles. Vcere
terjs mre nht lebinel in tcis ahle mnl mre lebinel in
htcer reberenael Qmuli ahles, suac terjs scmdd cmve
tce jemninfs msarikel th tcej ms in tchse ahles.
;?=.< \erjs nht lebinel. Vcere terjs mre nht
lebinel tcrhufc tce jetchls mutchrizel ky tcis
seatihn, suac terjs scmdd cmve hrlinmridy maaeptel
jemninfs suac ms tce ahntext ijpdies.
i jpdies.
QEA\IHN ;?; LEBINI\IHNQ
;<-CHU[ KMQIQ. \ce matumd tije tcmt m pershn is
mn haaupmnt witcin m bmaidity bhr tce purphse hb
reaeivinf amre. It scmdd nht inadule m bmaidity tcmt is
hpen bhr ;< churs mnl is ampmkde hb prhvilinf amre
th shjehne visitinf tce bmaidity lurinf mny sefjent
hb tce ;< churs.
MMA JMQHN[Y. Jmshnry jmle hb muthadmvel
mermtel ahnarete (MMA) units, jmnubmaturel
witchut internmd reinbhraejent mnl khnlel thfetcer
usinf tcin- hr tcia`-kel jhrtmr.
MAAEQQIKDE. M site, kuidlinf, bmaidity hr phrtihn
tcerehb tcmt ahjpdies witc Acmpter ==.
MAAEQQIKDE JEMNQ HB EF[EQQ. M
ahntinuhus mnl unhkstruatel wmy hb efress trmved
brhj mny maaessikde phint in m kuidlinf hr bmaidity th
m pukdia wmy.
MAAEQQIKDE [HU\E. M ahntinuhus,
unhkstruatel pmtc tcmt ahjpdies witc Acmpter ==.
MAAEQQIKDE UNI\. M lweddinf unit hr sdeepinf
unit tcmt ahjpdies witc tcis ahle mnl tce prhvisihns
bhr Maaessikde units in IAA M==6.=.
MAA[ELI\M\IHN KHLY. Mn mpprhvel, tcirl-
pmrty hrfmnizmtihn tcmt is inlepenlent
inlepenlent hb tce
QKA ;?=-A[-=3
ACM_\E[ ; -LEBINI\IHNQ
rhhb ahverinfs.
MF[IAUD\U[MD KUIDLINF. M struature
lesifnel mnl ahnstruatel th chuse bmrj
ijpdejents, cmy, frmin, phudtry, divestha` hr htcer
chrtiaudturmd prhluats. \cis struature scmdd nht ke m
pdmae hb cujmn
cujmn cmkitmtihn
cmkitmtihn hr
hr m pdmae hb ejpdhyjen
ejpdhyjentt
wcere mfriaudturmd prhluats mre prhaessel, tremtel
frmlinf mnl inspeatihn mfenaies, mnl tce dujker
jidds, mnl tcmt initimddy maarelits mnl suksequentdy
jhnithrs, hn m ahntinuinf kmsis, tce ahjpetenay
mnl perbhrjmnae hb m frmlinf hr inspeatihn mfenay
redmtel th amrryinf hut speaibia tms`s.
MLLI\IHN. Mn extensihn hr inaremse in bdhhr mrem
hr ceifct hb m kuidlinf hr struature.
MLCE[EL JMQHN[Y RENEE[. Reneer
seaurel mnl supphrtel tcrhufc tce mlcesihn hb mn
mpprhvel khnlinf jmterimd mppdiel th mn mpprhvel
kma`inf.
MLHKE AHNQ\[UA\IHN. Ahnstruatihn in
wciac tce exterihr dhml-kemrinf mnl nhn-dhml-
kemrinf wmdds mnl pmrtitihns mre hb unbirel admy
jmshnry units, mnl bdhhrs, rhhbs mnl interihr
brmjinf mre wchddy hr pmrtdy hb whhl hr htcer
mpprhvel jmterimds.
Mlhke, stmkidizel. Unbirel admy jmshnry units th
wciac mljixtures, suac ms ejudsibiel mspcmdt, mre
mllel lurinf tce jmnubmaturinf prhaess th dijit tce
units’ wmter mkshrptihn sh ms th inaremse tceir
lurmkidity.
Mlhke, unstmkidizel. Unbirel admy jmshnry units
tcmt lh nht jeet tce lebinitihn hb —Mlhke,
stmkidizel.‚
ME[HQHD. M prhluat tcmt is lispensel brhj mn
merhshd ahntminer ky m prhpeddmnt. Merhshd prhluats
scmdd ke admssibiel ky jemns hb tce amdaudmtihn hb
tceir acejiamd cemts hb ahjkustihn mnl scmdd ke
lesifnmtel Deved =, Deved ; hr Deved 1.
Deved = merhshd prhluats. \chse witc m thtmd
acejiamd cemt hb ahjkustihn tcmt is dess tcmn hr
equmd th ;? `G/f.
Deved ; merhshd prhluats. \chse witc m thtmd
acejiamd cemt hb ahjkustihn tcmt is fremter tcmn ;?
`G/ f, kut dess tcmn hr equmd th 1? `G/f.
Deved 1 merhshd prhluats. \chse witc m thtmd
acejiamd cemt hb ahjkustihn tcmt is fremter tcmn 1?
`G/f.
ME[HQHD AHN\MINE[. M jetmd amn hr m fdmss
hr pdmstia khttde lesifnel th lispense
li spense mn merhshd.
MFF[EFM\E. In rhhbinf, aruscel sthne, aruscel
sdmf hr wmter-whrn frmved usel bhr surbmainf bhr
=5
sifnmd.
MDDHVMKDE Q\[EQQ LEQIFN. M jetchl hb
prhphrtihninf struaturmd jejkers, suac tcmt
edmstiamddy ahjputel stresses prhluael in tce
jejkers ky nhjinmd dhmls lh nht exaeel speaibiel
mddhwmkde stresses (mdsh amddel —whr`inf stress
lesifn‚).
 hr pma`mfel, nhr scmdd it ke m pdmae usel ky tce
pukdia.
MI[-IJ_E[JEMKDE INQUDM\IHN. Mn
insudmtihn cmvinf mn mir perjemnae
perjemnae equmd th hr dess
;
tcmn ?.?; d/s Ö j mt 65 pm pressure libberentimd
testel in maahrlmnae witc MQ\J E;=63 hr MQ\J
E;31.
MI[-INBDM\EL Q\[UA\U[E. M struature tcmt
uses mir pressurizel jejkrmne kemjs, mraces hr
htcer edejents th enadhse spmae. Haaupmnts hb suac
m struature lh nht haaupy tce pressurizel mrem usel
th supphrt tce struature.
MI[-QU__H[\EL Q\[UA\U[E. M struature
wcerein tce scmpe hb tce struature is mttminel ky mir
pressure mnl haaupmnts hb tce struature mre witcin
tce edevmtel pressure mrem. Mir-supphrtel struatures
mre hb twh kmsia types7
Lhukde s`in. Qijidmr th m sinfde s`in, kut witc mn
mttmacel diner tcmt is sepmrmtel brhj tce huter s`in
mnl prhviles mn mirspmae wciac serves bhr
insudmtihn, mahustia, mestcetia hr sijidmr purphses.
Qinfde s`in. Vcere tcere is hndy tce sinfde huter
s`in mnl tce mir pressure is lireatdy mfminst tcmt s`in.
MIQDE. Mn unenadhsel exit maaess ahjphne
ahjphnent nt tcmt
lebines mnl prhviles m pmtc hb efress trmved.
MIQDE MAAEQQVMY. \cmt phrtihn hb mn exit
maaess tcmt demls th mn misde.
MDM[J NH\IBIAM\IHN M__DIMNAE. M bire
mdmrj systej ahjphnent suac ms m kedd, chrn,
spem`er, difct hr text lispdmy tcmt prhviles mulikde,
tmatide hr visikde hutputs, hr mny ahjkinmtihn
tcerehb.
MDM[J QIFNMD. M sifnmd inliamtinf mn
ejerfenay requirinf ijjelimte matihn, suac ms m
sifnmd inliamtive hb bire.
MDM[J RE[IBIAM\IHN BEM\U[E. M
bemture hb muthjmtia bire leteatihn mnl mdmrj
systejs th reluae unwmntel mdmrjs wcerein sjh`e
leteathrs rephrt mdmrj ahnlitihns bhr m jinijuj
perihl hb tije,
t ije, hr ahnbirj mdmrj
md mrj ahnlitihns witcin
m fiven tije perihl, mbter keinf muthjmtiamddy reset,
in hrler th ke maaeptel ms m vmdil mdmrj-initimtihn
QKA ;?=-A[-=3
ACM_\E[ ; -LEBINI\IHNQ
mppdiamtihn hb enfineerinf prinaipdes th jmterimds,
jetchls hr systejs mnmdyses.
M[EM (bhr jmshnry).
Frhss arhss-seatihnmd. \ce mrem ledinemtel ky tce
hut-th-hut speaibiel lijensihns hb jmshnry in tce
pdmne unler ahnsilermtihn.
ahnsilermtihn.
MD\E[M\IHN. Mny ahnstruatihn hr renhvmtihn th
mn existinf struature htcer tcmn repmir hr mllitihn.
MD\E[NM\INF \[EML LERIAE. M leviae
tcmt cms m series hb steps ketween 5? mnl 6? lefrees
brhj chrizhntmd, usumddy mttmacel th m aenter supphrt
rmid in mn mdternmtinf jmnner sh tcmt tce user lhes
nht cmve khtc beet hn tce smje deved mt tce smje
tije.
MJKUDM\H[Y AM[E BMAIDI\Y. Kuidlinfs
hr phrtihns tcerehb usel th prhvile jeliamd,
surfiamd, psyacimtria, nursinf hr sijidmr amre hn m
dess tcmn ;<-chur kmsis th
t h pershns wch mre renlerel
inampmkde hb sedb-preservmtihn ky tce serviaes
prhvilel.
MNACH[ KUIDLINF. Mn exterihr perijeter
kuidlinf hb m frhup htcer tcmn C cmvinf lireat
maaess th m ahverel hr hpen jmdd kuidlinf kut
cmvinf requirel jemns hb efress inlepenlent hb tce
jmdd.
MNACH[EL JMQHN[Y RENEE[. Reneer
seaurel witc mpprhvel jeacmniamd bmsteners th mn
mpprhvel kma`inf.
MNNUDM[ Q_MAE. \ce hpeninf mrhunl tce
penetrmtinf itej.
itej.
MNNUNAIM\H[. M unit ahntmininf hne hr jhre
inliamthr dmjps, mdpcmnujeria lispdmys hr htcer
equivmdent jemns in wciac emac inliamtihn prhviles
stmtus inbhrjmtihn mkhut m airauit, ahnlitihn hr
dhamtihn.
M__[HREL. Maaeptmkde th tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd.
M__[HREL MFENAY. Mn estmkdiscel mnl
reahfnizel mfenay tcmt is refudmrdy enfmfel in
ahnluatinf tests hr burniscinf inspeatihn serviaes,
wcere suac mfenay cms keen mpprhvel ky tce
kuidlinf hbbiaimd. Jmy mdsh ke `nhwn ms \cirl pmrty.
M__[HREL BMK[IAM\H[. Mn estmkdiscel mnl
qumdibiel pershn, birj hr ahrphrmtihn mpprhvel ky
tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd pursumnt th Acmpter =6 hb tcis
ahle.
M__[HREL QHU[AE. Mn inlepenlent pershn,
birj hr ahrphrmtihn, mpprhvel ky tce kuidlinf
hbbiaimd, wch is ahjpetent mnl experienael in tce
=2
interventihn mnl mativmtel ms m resudt hb m
preleterjinel
preleterj inel tejpermture
tejpermture rise,
rise, rmte hb tejpermture
rise hr ahjkustihn prhluats.
MU\HJM\IA BI[E-ES\INFUIQCINF
QYQ\EJ. Mn mpprhvel systej hb leviaes mnl
equipjent wciac muthjmtiamddy leteats m bire mnl
lisacmrfes mn mpprhvel bire-extinfuiscinf mfent
 Net arhss-seatihnmd. \ce mrem hb jmshnry units,
frhut mnl jhrtmr arhssel ky tce pdmne unler
ahnsilermtihn kmsel hn hut-th-hut speaibiel
lijensihns.
M[EM, KUIDLINF. \ce mrem inadulel witcin
surrhunlinf exterihr wmdds (hr exterihr wmdds mnl
bire wmdds) exadusive hb vent scmbts mnl ahurts.
Mrems hb tce kuidlinf nht prhvilel witc surrhunlinf
wmdds scmdd ke inadulel in tce kuidlinf mrem ib suac
mrems mre inadulel witcin tce chrizhntmd prhgeatihn
hb tce rhhb hr bdhhr mkhve.
M[EM HB [EBUFE. Mn mrem wcere pershns
unmkde th use stmirwmys amn rejmin tejphrmridy th
mwmit instruatihns hr mssistmnae lurinf ejerfenay
evmaumtihn.
M[EM HB Q_H[\ MA\IRI\Y. \cmt phrtihn hb
mn inlhhr hr hutlhhr spmae wcere tce pdmy hr
prmatiae hb m sphrt haaurs.
haaurs.
M[EMVMY. M suksurbmae spmae mlgmaent th m
kuidlinf hpen mt tce thp hr prhteatel mt tce tthp
hp ky m
frmtinf hr fumrl.
MQQEJKDY QEM\INF, JUD\IDERED. Qee
—Judtideved mssejkdy semtinf.‚
M\[IUJ. Mn hpeninf ahnneatinf twh hr jhre
sthries htcer tcmn enadhsel stmirwmys, edevmthrs,
chistwmys, esamdmthrs, pdujkinf, edeatriamd, mir-
ahnlitihninf hr htcer equipjent, wciac is adhsel mt
tce thp mnl nht lebinel ms m jmdd. Qthries, ms usel in
tcis lebinitihn, lh nht inadule kmdahnies witcin
mssejkdy frhups hr jezzmnines tcmt ahjpdy witc
Qeatihn 5?5.
M\\IA. \ce spmae ketween tce aeidinf kemjs hb
tce thp sthry mnl tce rhhb rmbters.
MULIKDE MDM[J NH\IBIAM\IHN
M__DIMNAE. M nhtibiamtihn mppdimnae tcmt mderts
ky tce sense hb cemrinf.
MU\HADMREL ME[M\EL AHNA[E\E
(MMA). Dhw lensity aejentitihus prhluat hb
amdaiuj sidiamte cylrmtes, wchse jmterimd
speaibiamtihns mre lebinel in MQ\J A=132.
MU\HJM\IA. Ms mppdiel th bire prhteatihn
leviaes, m leviae hr systej prhvilinf mn ejerfenay
bunatihn witchut tce neaessity bhr cujmn
QKA ;?=-A[-=3
ACM_\E[ ; -LEBINI\IHNQ
sejiahunterkmdmnael
sejiahunterkmdmnael swinf matihn wcen hpeninf.
KMDEL AH\\HN. M nmturmd seel biker wrmppel
in mnl seaurel witc inlustry maaeptel jmterimds,
usumddy ahnsistinf hb kurdmp, whven phdyprhpydene,
phdyetcydene hr ahtthn hr sceet phdyetcydene, mnl
seaurel witc steed, syntcetia hr wire kmnls hr wire0
mdsh inadules dinters (dint rejhvel brhj tce
hnth hr in tce mrem hb m bire.
MU\HJM\IA QJH@E LE\EA\IHN
QYQ\EJ. M bire mdmrj systej tcmt cms initimtihn
leviaes tcmt utidize sjh`e leteathrs bhr prhteatihn
hb mn mrem suac ms m rhhj hr spmae witc leteathrs th
prhvile emrdy wmrninf hb bire.
MU\HJM\IA Q_[IN@DE[ QYQ\EJ. Mn
muthjmtia sprin`der systej, bhr bire prhteatihn
purphses, is mn intefrmtel systej hb unlerfrhunl
mnl hverceml pipinf lesifnel in maahrlmnae witc
bire prhteatihn enfineerinf stmnlmrls. \ce systej
inadules m suitmkde wmter suppdy. \ce phrtihn hb tce
systej mkhve tce frhunl is m netwhr` hb speaimddy
sizel hr cylrmudiamddy lesifnel pipinf instmddel in
in m
struature hr mrem, fenermddy hverceml, mnl th wciac
muthjmtia sprin`ders mre ahnneatel in m systejmtia
pmttern. \ce systej is usumddy mativmtel ky cemt
brhj m bire mnl lisacmrfes wmter hver tce bire mrem.
MU\HJM\IA VM\E[ JIQ\ QYQ\EJ. M
systej ahnsistinf hb m wmter suppdy, m pressure
shurae, mnl m listrikutihn pipinf systej witc
mttmacel nhzzdes, wciac, mt hr mkhve m jinijuj
hpermtinf pressure, lebinel ky its distinf, lisacmrfes
wmter in bine lrhpdets jeetinf tce requirejents hb
NB_M 65? bhr tce purphse hb tce ahntrhd,
suppressihn hr extinfuiscjent hb m bire. Quac
systejs inadule wet-pipe, lry-pipe mnl pre-matihn
types. \ce systejs mre lesifnel ms enfineerel, pre-
enfineerel, dhamd-mppdiamtihn hr thtmd bdhhlinf
systejs.
MRE[MFE MJKIEN\ QHUNL DERED. \ce
rhht jemn squmre, M-weifctel shunl pressure deved
jemsurel hver m ;<-chur perihl, hr tce tije mny
pershn is present,
present, wciacever
wciacever tije perihl is dess.
dess.
MVNINF. Mn mraciteaturmd prhgeatihn tcmt
prhviles wemtcer prhteatihn, ilentity hr leahrmtihn
mnl is pmrtimddy hr wchddy supphrtel ky tce kuidlinf
th wciac it is mttmacel. Mn mwninf is ahjprisel hb
m difctweifct brmje struature hver wciac m ahverinf
is mttmacel.
KMA@INF. \ce wmdd hr surbmae th wciac tce
veneer is seaurel.
KMDMNAEL LHH[. M lhhr equippel witc
lhukde-pivhtel cmrlwmre sh lesifnel ms th amuse m
=6
frmle pdmne (see —Qthry mkhve frmle pdmne ‚). \cis
lebinitihn hb —Kmsejent‚ lhes nht mppdy th tce
prhvisihns hb Qeatihn
Qeatihn =2=; bhr bdhhl dhmls.
KEM[INF VMDD Q\[UA\U[E. M kuidlinf hr
htcer struature in wciac vertiamd dhmls brhj bdhhrs
mnl rhhbs mre prijmridy supphrtel ky wmdds.
 KEL GHIN\. \ce chrizhntmd dmyer hb jhrtmr hn
ahtthnseel) mnl jhtes (resilumd jmterimds brhj tce
wciac m jmshnry unit is dmil.
finninf prhaess).
KDEMACE[Q. \ierel semtinf supphrtel hn m
KMDEL AH\\HN, LENQEDY _MA@EL.
leliamtel struaturmd systej mnl twh hr jhre rhws
Ahtthn jmle inth kmnlel kmdes witc m pma`inf
lensity hb nht dess tcmn 12? `f per j 1, mnl cifc mnl is nht m kuidlinf edejent (see
—Frmnlstmnl‚).
lijensihns ahjpdyinf
ahjpdyinf witc tce
t ce bhddhwinf7 m denftc
hb =<?? jj, m wiltc hb 55? jj mnl m ceifct hb 6??
th 9?? jj. KHM[LINF CHUQE. M kuidlinf mrrmnfel hr
usel bhr dhlfinf bhr ahjpensmtihn, witc hr witchut
KMDDMQ\. In rhhbinf, kmddmst ahjes in tce
t ce bhrj hb
jemds, mnl nht haaupiel ms m sinfde-bmjidy unit.
dmrfe sthnes hr pmver systejs hr difct-weifct
interdha`inf pmver systejs mnl is usel th prhvile KHIDINF _HIN\. \ce tejpermture mt wciac tce
updibt resistmnae bhr rhhbinf systejs tcmt mre nht vmphr pressure hb m diquil equmds tce mtjhspceria
mlcerel hr jeacmniamddy mttmacel th tce rhhb lea`. pressure hb =?? `_m hr 65? jj hb jeraury. Vcere
mn maaurmte khidinf phint is unmvmidmkde bhr tce
KM[[IAMLE. M struature tcmt ahnsists hb m
jmterimd in questihn, hr bhr jixtures wciac lh nht
ahjkinmtihn hb wmdds, bdhhr mnl rhhb, wciac is
cmve m ahnstmnt khidinf phint, bhr tce purphses hb
lesifnel th witcstmnl tce rmpil redemse hb enerfy in
tcis admssibiamtihn, tce ;?-peraent evmphrmtel phint
mn expdhsihn mnl wciac is buddy ahnbinel, pmrtimddy
hb m listiddmtihn perbhrjel in maahrlmnae witc
ventel hr buddy ventel0 hr htcer ebbeative jetchl hb MQ\J L32 scmdd ke usel ms tce khidinf phint hb tce
sciedlinf brhj expdhsive jmterimds ky m nmturmd hr
diquil.
mrtibiaimd kmrrier.
K[MAEL VMDD DINE.M strmifct dine tcrhufc
Mrtibiaimd kmrriamle. Mn mrtibiaimd jhunl hr
tce kuidlinf pdmn tcmt represents tce dhamtihn hb tce
revetjent m jinijuj tcia`ness hb 9?? jj.
dmtermd resistmnae prhvilel ky tce wmdd krmainf.
Nmturmd kmrriamle. Nmturmd bemtures
bemtures hb tce frhunl,
K[MAEL VMDD _MNED. M budd-ceifct seatihn
suac ms cidds, hr tijker
ti jker hb subbiaient lensity tcmt tce
hb wmdd ahnstruatel th resist in-pdmne scemr dhmls
surrhunlinf exphsures tcmt require prhteatihn
tcrhufc intermatihn hb brmjinf jejkers, scemtcinf
amnnht ke seen brhj tce jmfmzine hr kuidlinf
jmterimd mnl mnachrs. \ce pmned’s denftc jeets tce
ahntmininf expdhsives wcen tce trees mre kmre hb
requirejents hb its pmrtiaudmr krmainf jetchl mnl
demves.
ahntrikutes thwmrl tce thtmd mjhunt hb krmainf
KMQE BDHHL. \ce bdhhl cmvinf m =-peraent requirel mdhnf its krmael wmdd dine.
acmnae hb keinf equmdel hr exaeelel in mny fiven
K[EM@HU\. Bhr revhdvinf lhhrs, m prhaess
yemr.
wcereky winfs hr lhhr pmneds amn ke puscel hpen
KMQE BDHHL EDERM\IHN.\ce edevmtihn hb jmnumddy bhr jemns hb efress trmved.
tce kmse bdhhl, inadulinf wmve ceifct, redmtive th tce
t ce
K[IA@.
Nmtihnmd Fehletia Rertiamd
Rertiamd Lmtuj (NFRL), Nhrtc
Mjeriamn Rertiamd Lmtuj (NMRL) hr htcer lmtuj Amdaiuj sidiamte (smnl dije kria`). M pressel mnl
speaibiel hn tce Bdhhl Insurmnae [mte Jmp suksequentdy muthadmvel unit tcmt ahnsists hb smnl
(BI[J). mnl dije, witc hr witchut tce inadusihn hb htcer
jmterimds.
KMQEJEN\ (bhr bdhhl dhmls). \ce phrtihn hb m
kuidlinf cmvinf its bdhhr sukfrmle (kedhw frhunl Admy hr scmde. M shdil hr chddhw jmshnry unit hb
deved) hn mdd siles. \cis lebinitihn hb —Kmsejent‚ is admy hr scmde, usumddy bhrjel inth m reatmnfudmr
dijitel in mppdiamtihn th tce prhvisihns hb Qeatihn prisj, tcen kurnel hr birel in m `idn0 kria` is m
=2=;. aermjia prhluat.
KMQEJEN\. M sthry tcmt is nht m sthry mkhve Ahnarete. M ahnarete jmshnry unit jmle brhj

QKA ;?=-A[-=3 =3

ACM_\E[ ; -LEBINI\IHNQ

_hrtdmnl aejent, wmter, mnl suitmkde mffrefmtes,
witc hr witchut tce inadusihn hb htcer jmterimds.
KUIDLINF. Mny struature usel hr intenlel bhr
supphrtinf hr scedterinf mny use hr haaupmnay.
haaupmnay.
KUIDLINF M[EM. Qee —Mrem, kuidlinf.‚
KUIDLINF EDEJEN\. M bunlmjentmd
mnl nhzzdes. \ce systej inadules m jmnumd- hr
muthjmtia-matumtinf jeacmnisj.
AM[E QUI\E. In Frhup I-; haaupmnaies, m frhup
hb tremtjent rhhjs, amre reaipient sdeepinf rhhjs
mnl tce supphrt rhhjs hr spmaes mnl airaudmtihn
spmae witcin tce suite wcere stmbb mre in mttenlmnae
bhr supervisihn hb mdd amre reaipients witcin tce
 ahjphnent hb kuidlinf ahnstruatihn, distel in \mkde
2?=, wciac jmy hr jmy nht ke hb bire-resistmnae-
rmtel ahnstruatihn mnl is ahnstruatel hb jmterimds
kmsel hn tce kuidlinf
kuidlinf type hb ahnstruatihn.
ahnstruatihn.
KUIDLINF CEIFC\. Qee —Ceifct, kuidlinf.‚
KUIDLINF-IN\EF[M\EL
_CH\HRHD\MIA (KI_R) _[HLUA\. M
kuidlinf prhluat tcmt inahrphrmtes pchthvhdtmia
jhludes mnl bunatihns ms m ahjphnent hb tce
kuidlinf envedhpe.
envedhpe.
KUIDLINF DINE. \ce dine estmkdiscel ky dmw,
keyhnl wciac
wciac m kuidlinf scmdd
scmdd nht extenl,
extenl, exaept
exaept ms
speaibiamddy prhvilel ky dmw.
KUIDLINF HBBIAIMD. mn hbbiaer hr htcer
lesifnmtel mutchrity acmrfel witc tce
mljinistrmtihn mnl enbhraejent hb QKA hr m ludy
mutchrizel representmtive.
representmtive. \ce juniaipmd mutchrity
widd mat ms tce kuidlinf hbbiaimd in mppdiamtihn mnl
mljinistrmtihn hb tce ahle. \ce Nmtihnmd
Ahjjittee widd ke resphnsikde th renler teacniamd
interpretmtihns mnl mppdiamtihn hb seatihns =?<.=?
mnl =?<.== hb tce QKA.
KUID\-U_ [HHB AHRE[INF. \wh hr jhre
dmyers hb bedt aejentel thfetcer mnl surbmael witc m
amp sceet, jinermd mffrefmte, sjhhtc ahmtinf hr
sijidmr surbmainf jmterimd.
AMKDE-[EQ\[MINEL, MI[-QU__H[\EL
Q\[UA\U[E. M struature in wciac tce updibt is
resistel ky amkdes hr wekkinfs wciac mre mnachrel
th eitcer bhunlmtihns hr leml jen. [einbhrainf
amkde hr wekkinf is mttmacel ky vmrihus jetchls th
tce jejkrmne hr is mn intefrmd pmrt hb tce
jejkrmne.
jejkrm ne. \cis is
i s nht m amkde-supphrtel struature.
AMNH_Y. M perjmnent struature hr mraciteaturmd
prhgeatihn hb rifil ahnstruatihn hver wciac m
ahverinf is mttmacel tcmt prhviles wemtcer
prhteatihn, ilentity hr leahrmtihn. M amnhpy is
perjittel th ke struaturmddy inlepenlent hr
supphrtel ky mttmacjent th m kuidlinf hn hne hr
jhre siles.
AM[KHN LIHSILE ES\INFUIQCINF
QYQ\EJQ. M systej suppdyinf amrkhn lihxile
(AH;) brhj m pressurizel vessed tcrhufc bixel pipes
QKA ;?=-A[-=3
ACM_\E[ ; -LEBINI\IHNQ
hb mdujinm-sidiam aermjia hr amdaiuj jmfnesiuj
sidiamte shdukde bikers mnl weifcinf 25 th =2? `f per
j1.
AE[\IBIAM\E HB AHJ_DIMNAE. M ADEMN MFEN\. Edeatriamddy nhnahnluatinf,
aertibiamte stmtinf tcmt jmterimds mnl prhluats jeet
speaibiel stmnlmrls hr tcmt whr` wms lhne in
ahjpdimnae witc mpprhvel ahnstruatihn lhaujents.
suite, mnl tce suite is in ahjpdimnae witc tce
requirejents hb Qeatihn <?6.<.<.
AMQ\ Q\HNE. M kuidlinf sthne jmnubmaturel
brhj _hrtdmnl aejent ahnarete preamst mnl usel ms
m trij, veneer hr bmainf hn hr in kuidlinfs hr
struatures.
AEIDINF DIJI\. \ce jmxijuj ahnaentrmtihn hb
mn mir-khrne ahntmjinmnt th wciac hne jmy ke
exphsel. \ce aeidinf dijits utidizel mre tchse
pukdiscel in LHD ;9 AB[ _mrt =9=?.=???. \ce
aeidinf [eahjjenlel Exphsure Dijit ([ED-A)
ahnaentrmtihns pukdiscel ky tce U.Q. Nmtihnmd
Institute bhr Haaupmtihnmd Qmbety mnl Cemdtc
(NIHQC), \creschdl Dijit Rmdue “Aeidinf (\DR-
A) ahnaentrmtihns pukdiscel ky tce Mjeriamn
Ahnberenae hb Fhvernjentmd Inlustrimd Cyfienists
(MAFIC), Aeidinf Vhr`pdmae Envirhnjentmd
Exphsure Deved (VEED-Aeidinf) Fuiles pukdiscel
ky tce Mjeriamn Inlustrimd Cyfiene Msshaimtihn
(MICM), mnl htcer mpprhvel, ahnsistent jemsures
mre mddhwel ms surrhfmtes bhr cmzmrlhus sukstmnaes
nht dissWtel in LHD ;9 AB[ _mrt =9=?.=???.
AEIDINF [MLIM\IHN LMJ_E[. M distel
leviae instmddel in m aeidinf jejkrmne hb m bire-
resistmnae-rmtel bdhhr/aeidinf hr rhhb/aeidinf
mssejkdy th dijit muthjmtiamddy tce rmlimtive cemt
trmnsber tcrhufc mn mir indet/hutdet
i ndet/hutdet hpeninf. Aeidinf
rmlimtihn lmjpers inadule mir terjinmd units, aeidinf
lmjpers mnl aeidinf mir libbusers.
AEDD (Frhup I-1 haaupmnay). M rhhj witcin m
chusinf unit in m letentihn hr ahrreatihnmd bmaidity
usel th ahnbine injmtes hr prishners.
AEDD (jmshnry). M vhil spmae cmvinf m frhss
arhss-seatihnmd mrem fremter tcmn =??? jj;.
AEDD \IE[. Deveds hb aedds vertiamddy stma`el
mkhve hne mnhtcer witcin m chusinf unit.
AEJEN\ _DMQ\E[. M jixture hb _hrtdmnl hr
kdenlel aejent, _hrtdmnl aejent hr kdenlel
aejent mnl cylrmtel dije, jmshnry aejent hr
pdmstia aejent mnl mffrefmte mnl htcer mpprhvel
jmterimds ms speaibiel in tcis ahle.
AE[MJIA BIKE[ KDMN@E\. M cifc-
tejpermture jinermd whhd insudmtihn jmterimd jmle
=9
AI[AUDM\IHN _M\C. Mn exterihr hr interihr
wmy hb pmssmfe brhj hne pdmae th mnhtcer bhr
pelestrimns.
vhdmtide hr fmsehus bire extinfuiscmnt tcmt lhes nht
demve m resilue uphn vmphrmtihn.

ACMNFE HB HAAU_MNAY. M acmnfe in tce
purphse hr deved hb mativity witcin
witci n m kuidlinf tcmt
invhdves m acmnfe in mppdiamtihn hb tce requirejents
hb tcis ahle.
ACIJNEY. M prijmridy vertiamd struature
ahntmininf hne hr jhre bdues, bhr tce purphse hb
amrryinf fmsehus prhluats hb ahjkustihn mnl mir
brhj m bued-kurninf mppdimnae th tce hutlhhr
mtjhspcere.
Bmathry-kuidt acijney. M distel mnl dmkedel
acijney ahjphsel hb bmathry-jmle ahjphnents,
mssejkdel in tce biedl in maahrlmnae witc
jmnubmaturer’s instruatihns mnl tce ahnlitihns hb
tce distinf.
Jmshnry acijney. M biedl-ahnstruatel acijney
ahjphsel hb shdil jmshnry units, kria`s, sthnes, hr
ahnarete.
Jetmd acijney. M biedl-ahnstruatel acijney hb
jetmd.
ACIJNEY \Y_EQ.
Cifc-cemt mppdimnae type. Mn mpprhvel acijney
bhr rejhvinf tce prhluats hb ahjkustihn brhj bued-
bued -
kurninf, cifc-cemt mppdimnaes prhluainf
ahjkustihn fmses in exaess hb ==??¿A jemsurel mt
tce mppdimnae bdue hutdet (see Qeatihn ;==1.==.1).
Dhw-cemt mppdimnae type. Mn mpprhvel acijney
bhr rejhvinf tce prhluats hb ahjkustihn brhj bued-
bued -
kurninf, dhw-cemt mppdimnaes prhluainf
ahjkustihn fmses nht in exaess hb 5<?¿A unler
nhrjmd hpermtinf ahnlitihns, kut ampmkde hb
prhluainf ahjkustihn fmses hb 62?¿A lurinf
interjittent bhraes birinf bhr perihls up th = chur.
\ejpermtures scmdd ke jemsurel mt tce mppdimnae
bdue hutdet.
Jmshnry type. M biedl-ahnstruatel acijney hb
shdil jmshnry units hr sthnes.
Jeliuj-cemt mppdimnae type. Mn mpprhvel
acijney bhr rejhvinf tce prhluats hb ahjkustihn
brhj bued-kurninf, jeliuj-cemt mppdimnaes
prhluainf ahjkustihn
ahjkustihn fmses nht exaeelinf
exaeelinf ==??¿A
jemsurel mt tce mppdimnae bdue hutdet (see Qeatihn
;==1.==.;).
QKA ;?=-A[-=3
ACM_\E[ ; -LEBINI\IHNQ
vertiamd edejents hb tce dmtermd bhrae-resistinf
systej hr listrikutes bhraes witcin tce limpcrmfj,
hr khtc.
AHJKINM\IHN BI[E/QJH@E LMJ_E[. M
distel leviae instmddel in luats mnl mir trmnsber
hpeninfs lesifnel th adhse muthjmtiamddy uphn tce
leteatihn hb cemt mnl resist tce pmssmfe hb bdmje mnl
ADIJM\E WHNE. M fehfrmpciamd refihn tcmt cms
keen mssifnel adijmtia ariterim ms speaibiel in
BIFU[EQ =<?5.1.=(=) tcrhufc BIFU[E
=<?5.1.=(<).
ADINIA, HU\_M\IEN\. Kuidlinfs hr phrtihns
tcerehb usel th prhvile jeliamd amre hn dess tcmn m
;<-chur kmsis th pershns wch mre nht renlerel
inampmkde hb sedb-preservmtihn ky tce serviaes
prhvilel.
ADHQEL QYQ\EJ. \ce use hb m shdil hr diquil
cmzmrlhus jmterimd invhdvinf m adhsel vessed hr
systej tcmt rejmins adhsel lurinf nhrjmd
hpermtihns wcere vmphrs ejittel ky tce prhluat mre
nht dikermtel hutsile hb tce vessed hr systej mnl tce
prhluat is nht exphsel th tce mtjhspcere lurinf
nhrjmd hpermtihns0 mnl mdd uses hb ahjpressel
fmses. Exmjpdes hb adhsel systejs bhr shdils mnl
diquils inadule prhluat ahnveyel tcrhufc m pipinf
systej inth m adhsel vessed, systej hr pieae hb
equipjent.
AHMQ\MD M WHNE. Mrem witcin m speaimd bdhhl
cmzmrl mrem, dmnlwmrl hb m R zhne hr dmnlwmrl hb
mn hpen ahmst witchut jmppel ahmstmd cifc-cmzmrl
mrems. In m ahmstmd M zhne, tce prinaipmd shurae hb
bdhhlinf just ke mstrhnhjiamd tiles, sthrj surfes,
seiaces hr tsunmjis, nht riverine bdhhlinf. Lurinf
tce kmse bdhhl ahnlitihns, tce phtentimd bhr krem`inf
wmve ceifct scmdd ke fremter tcmn hr equmd th <5?
jj. \ce indmnl dijit hb tce
t ce ahmstmd M zhne is (m) tce
Dijit hb Jhlermte Vmve Matihn ib ledinemtel hn m
BI[J, hr (k) lesifnmtel ky tce mutchrity cmvinf
gurisliatihn.
AHMQ\MD CIFC-CMWM[L M[EM. Mrem
witcin tce speaimd bdhhl cmzmrl mrem extenlinf brhj
hbbschre th tce indmnl dijit hb m prijmry lune mdhnf
mn hpen ahmst mnl mny htcer mrem tcmt is sukgeat th
cifc-vedhaity wmve matihn brhj sthrjs hr seisjia
shuraes.
AHDDM[ GHIN\. Rertiamd dhnfitulinmd spmae
ketween wytces hb jmshnry hr ketween jmshnry
wytce mnl kma`up ahnstruatihn tcmt is perjittel th
ke biddel witc jhrtmr hr frhut.
AHDDEA\H[. M chrizhntmd limpcrmfj edejent
pmrmdded mnl in dine witc tce mppdiel bhrae tcmt
ahddeats mnl trmnsbers limpcrmfj scemr bhraes th tce
;?
pmtcs, rhhjs, spmaes hr edejents tcmt mre nht bhr
pukdia use mnl mre
mre j
jmle
mle mvmidmkde
mvmidmkde bhr tce scmrel use
hb twh hr jhre pehpde.
AHJ_[EQQEL FMQ. M jmterimd, hr jixture hb
jmterimds, tcmt7
=. Is m fms mt ;?¿A hr dess mt mtjhspcere =?? `_m

sjh`e. \ce leviae is instmddel th hpermte
muthjmtiamddy, ahntrhddel ky m sjh`e leteatihn
systej, mnl wcere requirel, is ampmkde hb keinf
phsitihnel brhj m bire ahjjmnl aenter
AHJKUQ\IKDE LUQ\. Binedy livilel shdil
jmterimd tcmt is <;? jiarhns hr dess in limjeter mnl
wciac, wcen lispersel in mir in tce prhper
prhphrtihns, ahudl ke ifnitel ky m bdmje, spmr` hr
htcer shurae hb ifnitihn. Ahjkustikde lust widd pmss
tcrhufc m U.Q. Nh. <? stmnlmrl sieve.
AHJKUQ\IKDE BIKE[Q. [emlidy ifnitmkde mnl
breekurninf jmterimds in m bikrhus hr screllel bhrj,
suac ms ahahm biker, adhtc, ahtthn, exaedsihr, cmy,
cejp, cenequen, istde, gute, `mph`, hm`uj, rmfs,
sismd, Qpmnisc jhss, strmw, thw, wmstepmper, aertmin
syntcetia bikers hr htcer di`e jmterimds. \cis
lebinitihn lhes nht inadule lensedy pma`el kmdel
ahtthn.
AHJKUQ\IKDE DI]UIL. M diquil cmvinf m
adhsel aup bdmsc phint mt hr mkhve 13¿A.
Ahjkustikde diquils scmdd ke suklivilel ms bhddhws7
Admss II. Diquils cmvinf m adhsel aup bdmsc phint mt
hr mkhve 13¿A mnl kedhw 2?¿A.
Admss IIIM. Diquils cmvinf m adhsel aup bdmsc phint
phint
mt hr mkhve 2?¿A mnl kedhw 91¿A.
Admss IIIK. Diquils cmvinf m adhsel aup bdmsc phint
mt hr mkhve 91¿A. \ce amtefhry hb ahjkustikde
diquils lhes nht inadule ahjpressel fmses hr
aryhfenia bduils.
AHJJE[AIMD JH\H[ RECIADE. M jhthr
veciade usel th trmnsphrt pmssenfers hr prhperty
wcere tce jhthr veciade7
=. Cms m frhss veciade weifct rmtinf hb <55? `f
hr jhre0 hr
;. Is lesifnel th trmnsphrt =2 hr jhre
pmssenfers, inadulinf tce lriver.
AHJJHN _M\C HB EF[EQQ \[MRED. \cmt
phrtihn hb tce exit maaess trmved listmnae jemsurel
brhj tce jhst rejhte phint witcin m sthry th tcmt
phint wcere tce haaupmnts cmve sepmrmte mnl
listinat maaess th twh exits hr exit maaess lhhrwmys.
AHJJHN UQE. Interihr hr exterihr airaudmtihn
QKA ;?=-A[-=3
ACM_\E[ ; -LEBINI\IHNQ
jmle witc perdite ahnarete mffrefmte. _erdite
mffrefmte is prhluael brhj m vhdamnia rha` wciac,
wcen cemtel, expmnls th bhrj m fdmss-di`e jmterimd
hb aeddudmr struature.
Qmnl-difctweifct. Ahnarete jmle witc m
ahjkinmtihn hb expmnlel admy, scmde, sdmf, sdmte,
hb pressure0 mnl
;. Cms m khidinf phint hb ;?¿A hr dess mt =?? `_m
wciac is eitcer diquebiel, nhndiquebiel hr in
shdutihn, exaept tchse fmses wciac cmve nh
htcer cemdtc- hr pcysiamd-cmzmrl prhperties
mre nht ahnsilerel th ke ahjpressel untid tce
pressure in tce pma`mfinf
pma`mfinf exaeels
exaeels ;3? `_m mt
mt
;?¿A.
\ce stmtes hb m ahjpressel fms mre amtefhrizel ms
bhddhws7
=. Nhndiquebiel ahjpressel fmses mre fmses,
htcer tcmn tchse in shdutihn, wciac mre in m
pma`mfinf unler tce acmrfel pressure mnl mre
entiredy fmsehus mt m tejpermture hb ;?¿A.
;. Diquebiel ahjpressel
ahjpressel fmses mre fmses tcmt, in
m pma`mfinf unler tce acmrfel pressure, mre
pmrtimddy diquil mt m tejpermture hb ;?¿A.
1. Ahjpressel fmses in shdutihn mre
nhndiquebiel fmses tcmt mre lisshdvel in m
shdvent.
<. Ahjpressel
Ahjpressel fms jixtures ahnsist hb m jixture
hb twh hr jhre ahjpressel fmses ahntminel
in m pma`mfinf, tce cmzmrl prhperties hb
wciac mre representel ky tce prhperties
pr hperties hb tce
jixture ms m wchde.
AHNA[E\E.
Amrkhnmte mffrefmte. Ahnarete jmle witc
mffrefmtes ahnsistinf jmindy hb amdaiuj hr
jmfnesiuj amrkhnmte, suac ms dijesthne hr
lhdhjite, mnl ahntmininf <? peraent hr dess qumrtz,
acert hr bdint
Aeddudmr. M difctweifct insudmtinf ahnarete jmle
ky jixinf m prebhrjel bhmj witc _hrtdmnl aejent
sdurry mnl cmvinf m lry unit weifct hb
mpprhxijmtedy <3? `f per j1.
Difctweifct mffrefmte. Ahnarete jmle witc
mffrefmtes
mffrefm tes hb expmnlel admy, scmde, sdmf hr sdmte hr
sinterel bdy msc hr mny nmturmd difctweifct mffrefm
mffrefmte
te
jeetinf MQ\J A11? mnl phssessinf equivmdent
bire-resistmnae prhperties mnl weifcinf =12? th
=3<? `f per j1.
_erdite. M difctweifct insudmtinf ahnarete cmvinf m
lry unit weifct hb mpprhxijmtedy <3? `f per j1
;=
kmsis mt intervmds
intervmds nht th exaeel
exaeel 1? jinutes.
AHN\[HD M[EM. Qpmaes witcin m kuidlinf
wcere qumntities hb cmzmrlhus jmterimds nht
exaeelinf tce jmxijuj mddhwmkde qumntities per
ahntrhd mrem mre sthrel, lispensel, usel hr cmnldel.
Qee tce lebinitihn hb —Hutlhhr ahntrhd mrem‚ in tce
 sinterel bdy msc, hr mny nmturmd difctweifct QKA 3?=.
mffrefmte jeetinf MQ\J A11? mnl phssessinf
AHN\[HDDEL DHV-Q\[ENF\C
equivmdent bire-resistmnae prhperties mnl nmturmd
JM\E[IMD. M sedbahjpmatel, aejentitihus
smnl. Its unit weifct is fenermddy ketwee
ketween
n =23? mnl
1 jmterimd usel prijmridy ms m kma`bidd in pdmae hb
=9;? `f per j .
Qidiaehus mffrefmte. Ahnarete jmle witc nhrjmd- ahjpmatel bidd.
AHNREN\IHNMD DIFC\-B[MJE
weifct mffrefmtes ahnsistinf jmindy hb sidiam hr
AHNQ\[UA\IHN. M type hb ahnstruatihn wchse
ahjphunls htcer tcmn amdaiuj hr jmfnesiuj
prijmry struaturmd
struaturmd edejents
edejents mre bhrjel
bhrjel ky m systej
amrkhnmte, wciac ahntmins jhre tcmn <?-peraent
hb repetitive whhl-brmjinf jejkers. Qee Qeatihn
qumrtz, acert hr bdint.
;1?3 bhr ahnventihnmd difct-brmje ahnstruatihn
Rerjiaudite. M difct weifct insudmtinf ahnarete prhvisihns.
jmle witc verjiaudite ahnarete mffrefmte wciac is
AH[NIAE. M prhgeatinf chrizhntmd jhdlel
dmjinmtel jiamaehus jmterimd prhluael ky
edejent dhamtel mt hr nemr tce thp hb mn mraciteaturmd
expmnlinf tce hre mt cifc tejpermtures. Vcen
bemture.
mllel th m _hrtdmnl aejent sdurry tce resudtinf
ahnarete cms m lry unit weifct hb mpprhxijmtedy <3? AH[[ILH[. Mn enadhsel exit maaess ahjphnent
`f per j1. tcmt lebines mnl prhviles m pmtc hb efress trmved.
AHNF[EFM\E DIRINF BMAIDI\IEQ. M AH[[ILH[, H_EN-ENLEL. Qee —Hpen-enlel
—Hpen-enlel

kuidlinf hr pmrt tcerehb tcmt ahntmins sdeepinf units ahrrilhr.‚

wcere resilents scmre kmtcrhhj hr `itacen
AH[[ILH[ LMJ_E[. M distel leviae intenlel
bmaidities, hr khtc.
bhr use wcere mir luats penetrmte hr terjinmte mt
AHNQ\MN\DY M\\ENLEL DHAM\IHN. M chrizhntmd hpeninfs in tce aeidinfs hb bire-
lesifnmtel dhamtihn mt m bmaidity stmbbel ky trminel resistmnae-rmtel ahrrilhrs, wcere tce ahrrilhr
pershnned hn m ahntinuhus kmsis wcere mdmrj hr aeidinf is perjittel th ke ahnstruatel ms requirel bhr
supervishry sifnmds mre jhnithrel mnl bmaidities mre tce ahrrilhr wmdds.
prhvilel bhr nhtibiamtihn hb tce bire lepmrtjent
lepmrtjent hr
AH[[HQIHN [EQIQ\MNAE. \ce mkidity hb m
htcer ejerfenay serviaes.
jmterimd th witcstmnl leterihrmtihn hb its surbmae hr
AHNQ\[UA\IHN LHAUJEN\Q. Vritten, its prhperties wcen exphsel th its envirhnjent.
frmpcia mnl piathrimd lhaujents prepmrel hr
AH[[HQIRE. M acejiamd tcmt amuses visikde
mssejkdel bhr lesarikinf tce lesifn, dhamtihn mnl
lestruatihn hb, hr irreversikde mdtermtihns in, divinf
pcysiamd acmrmateristias
acmrmateristias hb tce edejents
edejents hb m prhgeat
prhgeat
tissue ky acejiamd matihn mt tce phint hb ahntmat. M
neaessmry
neaessmry bhr hktmininf m kuidlinf perjit.
acejiamd scmdd ke ahnsilerel ahrrhsive ib, wcen
AHNQ\[UA\IHN \Y_EQ. Qee Qeatihn 2?;. testel hn tce intmat s`in hb mdkinh rmkkits ky tce
jetchl lesarikel in LH\n <9 AB[, _mrt =61.=16,
\ype I. Qee Qeatihn 2?;.;.
suac acejiamd lestrhys hr acmnfes irreversikdy tce
\ype II. Qee Qeatihn 2?;.;. struature hb tce tissue mt tce phint hb ahntmat
bhddhwinf mn exphsure perihl hb < churs. \cis terj
\ype III. Qee Qeatihn 2?;.1.
lhes nht reber th matihn hn inmnijmte surbmaes.
\ype IR. Qee Qeatihn 2?;.<.
AHU[\. Mn hpen, unahverel spmae, unhkstruatel
\ype R. Qee Qeatihn 2?;.5. th tce s`y, khunlel hn tcree hr jhre siles ky
exterihr kuidlinf wmdds hr htcer enadhsinf leviaes.
AHN\INUHUQ FMQ LE\EA\IHN QYQ\EJ.
M fms leteatihn systej wcere tce mnmdytiamd AHRE[EL JMDD KUIDLINF. M sinfde
instrujent is jmintminel in ahntinuhus hpermtihn kuidlinf enadhsinf m nujker hb tenmnts mnl
mnl smjpdinf is perbhrjel witchut interruptihn. haaupmnts, suac ms retmid sthres, lrin`inf mnl lininf
Mnmdysis is mddhwel th ke perbhrjel hn m ayadiamd

QKA ;?=-A[-=3 ;;

ACM_\E[ ; -LEBINI\IHNQ

estmkdiscjents, entertminjent mnl mjusejent
bmaidities, pmssenfer trmnsphrtmtihn terjinmds,
hbbiaes mnl htcer sijidmr uses wcerein twh hr jhre
tenmnts cmve m jmin entrmnae inth hne hr jhre
jmdds. Mnachr kuidlinfs scmdd nht ke ahnsilerel ms
m pmrt hb tce ahverel jmdd kuidlinf. \ce terj
—ahverel jmdd kuidlinf‚ scmdd inadule hpen jmdd
jmterimd jmle hb inlivilumd pieaes hb fdmss tcmt mre
ejkellel in m amst jmtrix hb ahnarete hr ephxy.
LMJ_E[. Qee —Aeidinf rmlimtihn lmjper,‚
—Ahjkinmtihn bire/sjh`e lmjper,‚ —Ahrrilhr
lmjper,‚ —Bire lmjper‚ mnl —Qjh`e lmjper.‚
LMNFE[HUQ. Mny kuidlinf, struature hr phrtihn
 kuidlinfs ms lebinel kedhw.
Jmdd. M rhhbel hr ahverel ahjjhn pelestrimn mrem
witcin m ahverel jmdd kuidlinf tcmt serves ms maaess
bhr twh hr jhre tenmnts mnl nht th exaeel tcree
deveds tcmt mre hpen th emac htcer. \ce terj —jmdd‚
scmdd inadule hpen jmdds ms lebinel kedhw.
Hpen jmdd. Mn unrhhbel ahjjhn pelestrimn wmy
servinf m nujker hb tenmnts nht exaeelinf tcree
deveds. Airaudmtihn mt deveds mkhve frmle scmdd ke
perjittel th inadule
inadule hpen
hpen exterihr kmdahnies demlinf
th exits lisacmrfinf mt frmle.
Hpen jmdd kuidlinf. Qevermd struatures chusinf m
nujker hb tenmnts, suac ms retmid sthres, lrin`inf
mnl lininf estmkdiscjents, entertminjent mnl
mjusejent bmaidities, hbbiaes, mnl htcer sijidmr
uses, wcerein twh hr jhre tenmnts cmve m jmin
entrmnae inth hne hr jhre hpen jmdds. Mnachr
kuidlinfs mre nht ahnsilerel ms m pmrt hb tce hpen
jmdd kuidlinf.
A[I__DE VMDD. M brmjel stul wmdd extenlinf
brhj tce thp hb tce bhunlmtihn th tce unlersile hb
bdhhr brmjinf bhr tce dhwest haaupiel bdhhr deved.
A[I\IAMD AI[AUI\. M airauit tcmt requires
ahntinuhus hpermtihn th ensure smbety hb tce
struature mnl haaupmnts.
haaupmnts.
A[HQQ-DMJINM\EL \IJKE[. M
prebmkriamtel
prebmkriamte l enfineerel whhl prhluat ahnsistinf
hb nht dess tcmn tcree dmyers hb shdil-smwn dujker hr
struaturmd ahjphsite dujker wcere tce mlgmaent
dmyers mre arhss hrientel mnl khnlel witc struaturmd
mlcesive th bhrj m shdil whhl edejent.
A[YHFENIA BDUIL. M diquil cmvinf m khidinf
phint dhwer tcmn -=??¿A) mt mn mkshdute pressure hb
=?? `_m.
AUQ\HLIMD AM[E. Mssistmnae witc lmy-th-lmy
divinf tms`s0 suac ms mssistmnae witc ahh`inf, tm`inf
jeliamtihn, kmtcinf, usinf thidet bmaidities mnl htcer
tms`s hb lmidy divinf. Austhlimd amre inadules
pershns reaeivinf amre wch cmve tce mkidity th
resphnl th ejerfenay situmtihns mnl evmaumte mt m
sdhwer rmte mnl/hr wch cmve jentmd mnl psyacimtria
ahjpdiamtihns.
LMDDE FDMQQ. M leahrmtive ahjphsite fdmzinf
QKA ;?=-A[-=3
ACM_\E[ ; -LEBINI\IHNQ
in tcia`ness mppdiel lireatdy th mnl mlcerinf tifctdy
th m sukstrmte.
LEE_ BHUNLM\IHN. M leep bhunlmtihn is m
bhunlmtihn edejent tcmt lhes nht smtisby tce
lebinitihn hb m scmddhw bhunlmtihn.
LEBENL-IN-_DMAE. M jetchl hb ejerfenay
tcerehb tcmt jeets mny hb tce ahnlitihns lesarikel
kedhw scmdd ke leejel lmnferhus7
lmnferhus7
=. \ce kuidlinf hr struature cms ahddmpsel, cms
pmrtimddy ahddmpsel, cms jhvel hbb its
bhunlmtihn hr dma`s tce neaessmry supphrt hb
tce frhunl.
;. \cere exists m sifnibiamnt ris` hb ahddmpse,
letmacjent hr lisdhlfjent hb mny phrtihn,
jejker, mppurtenmnae hr hrnmjentmtihn hb
tce kuidlinf hr struature unler serviae dhmls.
LMY KHS. M phrtmkde jmfmzine lesifnel th chdl
expdhsive jmterimds ahnstruatel in maahrlmnae witc
tce requirejents bhr m \ype 1 jmfmzine ms lebinel
mnl admssibiel in Acmpter 52 hb tce QKA 3?=.
LEML DHML. \ce weifct hb jmterimds hb
ahnstruatihn inahrphrmtel inth tce kuidlinf,
inadulinf kut nht dijitel th wmdds, bdhhrs, rhhbs,
aeidinfs, stmirwmys, kuidt-in pmrtitihns, binisces,
admllinf mnl htcer sijidmrdy inahrphrmtel
mraciteaturmdd mnl struaturmd itejs, mnl tce
mraciteaturm t ce weifct hb
bixel serviae equipjent, suac ms armnes, pdujkinf
stma`s mnl risers, edeatriamd beelers, cemtinf,
ventidmtinf mnl mir-ahnlitihninf systejs mnl
muthjmtia sprin`der systejs.
LEAH[M\IRE FDMQQ. M amrvel, demlel hr
Lmdde fdmss hr fdmzinf jmterimd wchse purphse is
leahrmtive hr mrtistia, nht bunatihnmd0 wchse
ahdhrinf, texture hr htcer lesifn qumdities hr
ahjphnents amnnht ke rejhvel witchut lestrhyinf
tce fdmzinf jmterimd mnl wchse surbmae, hr mssejkdy
inth wciac it is inahrphrmtel, is livilel inth
sefjents.
LEAH[M\IRE JM\E[IMDQ. Mdd jmterimds
mppdiel hver tce kuidlinf interihr binisc bhr
leahrmtive, mahustiamd
mahustiamd hr htcer ebbeat inadulinf, kut
nht dijitel th, aurtmins, lrmperies, bmkrias mnl
stremjers0 mnl mdd htcer jmterimds utidizel bhr
leahrmtive ebbeat inadulinf, kut nht dijitel th,
kuddetin khmrls, mrtwhr`, phsters, pchthfrmpcs,
kmttinf, adhtc, ahtthn, cmy, stmd`s, strmw, vines,
demves, trees, jhss mnl sijidmr itejs, bhmj pdmstias
mnl jmterimds ahntmininf bhmj pdmstias.
pd mstias. Leahrmtive
jmterimds lh nht inadule wmdd ahverinfs, aeidinf
ahverinfs, bdhhr ahverinfs, hrlinmry winlhw
scmles, interihr binisc mnl jmterimds ?.25 jj hr dess
;1
lesifnmtel ms Whne MH wcere m leptc nujker is nht
speaibiel hn tce jmp, tce leptc nujker scmdd ke
tm`en ms keinf equmd th 2?? jj.
LEQIFN _[HBEQQIHNMD, [EFIQ\E[EL.
Qee —[efisterel lesifn prhbessihnmd.‚
LEQIFN _[HBEQQIHNMD IN [EQ_HNQIKDE
resphnse tcmt enfmfes kuidlinf ahjphnents mnl
trminel stmbb th prhvile haaupmnt smbety lurinf mn
ejerfenay. Ejerfenay resphnse invhdves
rejmininf in pdmae, redhamtinf witcin tce kuidlinf,
hr khtc, witchut evmaumtinf tce kuidlinf.
LEBE[[EL QUKJI\\MD. \chse phrtihns hb tce
lesifn tcmt mre nht sukjittel mt tce tije hb tce
mppdiamtihn mnl tcmt mre th ke sukjittel th tce
kuidlinf hbbiaimd witcin m speaibiel perihl.
LEBDMF[M\IHN. Mn exhtcerjia rematihn, suac
ms tce extrejedy rmpil hxilmtihn hb m bdmjjmkde
lust hr vmphr in mir, in wciac tce rematihn prhfresses
tcrhufc tce unkurnel jmterimd mt m rmte dess tcmn
t cmn tce
vedhaity hb shunl. M lebdmfrmtihn amn cmve mn
expdhsive ebbeat.
LEDUFE QYQ\EJ. M sprin`der systej
ejpdhyinf hpen sprin`ders mttmacel th m pipinf
systej ahnneatel th m wmter suppdy tcrhufc m vmdve
tcmt is hpenel ky tce hpermtihn hb m leteatihn systej
instmddel in tce smje mrems ms tce sprin`ders. Vcen
tcis vmdve hpens, wmter bdhws inth tce pipinf systej
mnl lisacmrfes brhj mdd sprin`ders mttmacel tcereth.
LEQIFN LIQ_DMAEJEN\. Qee Qeatihn
=9?5.=.=.
LEQIFN EM[\C]UM@E F[HUNL
JH\IHN. \ce emrtcqum`e frhunl jhtihn tcmt
kuidlinfs mnl struatures mre speaibiamddy
prhphrtihnel th resist
resist in Qeatihn =2=1
=2=1..
LEQIFN BDHHL. \ce bdhhl msshaimtel witc tce
fremter hb tce bhddhwinf twh mrems7
=. Mrem witc m bdhhl pdmin sukgeat th m =-peraent
hr fremter acmnae hb bdhhlinf in mny yemr.
;. Mrem lesifnmtel ms m bdhhl cmzmrl mrem hn m
ahjjunity’s
ahjju nity’s bdhhl
bd hhl cmzmrl jmp, hr
hr htcerwise
defmddy lesifnmtel.
LEQIFN BDHHL EDERM\IHN. \ce edevmtihn
hb tce —lesifn bdhhl,‚ inadulinf wmve ceifct,
redmtive th tce lmtuj speaibiel hn tce ahjjunity’s
defmddy lesifnmtel bdhhl cmzmrl jmp. In mrems
lesifnmtel ms Whne MH, tce lesifn bdhhl edevmtihn
scmdd ke tce edevmtihn hb tce cifcest existinf frmle
hb tce kuidlinf’s perijeter pdus tce leptc nujker
speaibiel hn tce bdhhl cmzmrl jmp. In mrems
QKA ;?=-A[-=3
ACM[FE, [EFIQ\E[EL. Qee —[efisterel
prhbessihnmd in resphnsikde
lesifn prhbessihnmd r esphnsikde acmrfe.‚
LEQIFN Q\[ENF\C. \ce prhluat hb tce
nhjinmd strenftc mnl m resistmnae bmathr (hr
strenftc reluatihn bmathr).
LEQIFNM\EL QEIQJIA QYQ\EJ. \chse
nhnstruaturmd ahjphnents tcmt require lesifn in
maahrlmnae witc Acmpter =1 hb QKA 1?= mnl bhr
wciac tce ahjphnent ijphrtmnae bmathr, Ip, is
fremter tcmn = in maahrlmnae witc Qeatihn =1.=.1 hb
QKA 1?=.
LE\MACEL KUIDLINF. M sepmrmte sinfde-sthry
kuidlinf, witchut m kmsejent hr armwd spmae, usel
bhr tce sthrmfe hr use hb cmzmrlhus jmterimds mnl
dhamtel mn mpprhvel listmnae brhj mdd struatures.
LE\MIDEL _DMIN AHNA[E\E
Q\[UA\U[MD VMDD. Qee Qeatihn
=9?5.=.=
LE\EA\MKDE VM[NINF. M stmnlmrlizel
surbmae bemture kuidt in hr mppdiel th wmd`inf
surbmaes hr htcer edejents th wmrn visumddy
ijpmirel pershns hb cmzmrls hn m airaudmtihn pmtc.
LE\EA\H[, CEM\. M bire leteathr tcmt senses
cemt, eitcer mknhrjmddy cifc tejpermture hr rmte hb
rise, hr khtc.
LE\HNM\IHN. Mn exhtcerjia rematihn
acmrmaterizel ky tce presenae hb m scha` wmve in tce
jmterimd wciac estmkdisces mnl jmintmins tce
rematihn. \ce rematihn zhne prhfresses tcrhufc tce
jmterimd mt m rmte fremter tcmn tce vedhaity hb shunl.
\ce prinaipmd cemtinf jeacmnisj is hne hb scha`
ahjpressihn. Lethnmtihns cmve mn expdhsive ebbeat.
LE\HSIBIAM\IHN BMAIDI\IEQ. Bmaidities
tcmt prhvile tremtjent bhr sukstmnae mkuse, servinf
amre reaipients wch mre inampmkde hb sedb-
preservmtihn hr wch mre cmrjbud th tcejsedves hr
htcers.
LIM_C[MFJ. M chrizhntmd hr sdhpel systej
matinf th trmnsjit dmtermd bhraes th vertiamd edejents
hb tce dmtermd bhrae resistinf systej. Vcen tce terj
—limpcrmfj‚ is usel, it scmdd inadule chrizhntmd
krmainf systejs.
systejs.
Limpcrmfj, kdha`el. In difct-brmje ahnstruatihn,
;<