Router Internal Components

• Processor

• Interfaces

• Memory
CPU • Buses
RAM
Flash • ROM
NVRAM • Interfaces
• Power Supply
Router external connections
Connecting LAN
interfaces
Connecting WAN interfaces
wic port
S 0/1 S 0/0/1
S 0/0 S 0/0/0 port wic
S0

int f0/1 int f0/0

 interfaces

Serial
Serial 0 Serial 1/1
1/1/1
 Memory
• RAM VRAM (Running Configuration)

• ROM ( POST , BOOT )

• FLASH : ( IOS compressed ) (Operating System)

Start up
• NVRAM : ( configuration file)
 ROM
• POST

• BOOTSTRAP

• RXBOOT
( initial IOS ) Troubleshooting
• ROMMON
 Port LEDs during
Switch POST
1. At the start, all port LEDs are green.
2. Each LED turns off after its test completes.
3. If a test fails, its LED turns amber.
4. System LED turns amber if any test fails.
5. If no test fails, POST completes.
6. On POST completion, LEDs blink
then turn off.
Switch LED indicators
 BOOTSTRAP
• Find IOS

• Load it at the RAM

• Find configuration file

• Load it at the RAM

How can access cisco device

Virtual terminal
Console port
Telnet

Auxiliary port

• Configurations can come

from many sources
Management port – Console Port connection
Management port – AUX port connection
 Cisco Software

• Cisco IOS installed inside the router to manage the

hardware it is working on.

• Configuration File is a program file that contain

information for the router to tell it how to react &
respond.
 Cisco IOS Software
Show- Copy-erase-debug
enable
user mode privilleged mode
disable

Many show command

Exit Conf t

configuration mode
configuration command
 Router Modes
1- Setup Mode ( Initial Configuration Mode )

• By default first Using.

• [ Yes / No ] Question Dialog.
• For Quick & Simple Configuration.
•To Exit form Setup Mode :
Press Control+C or type n.
Router Modes
2- User Mode
For Simple Monitoring.

Command Prompt : Router <

Name of the router

3- Privileged Mode ( Enable Mode ):

Include all commands in user mode plus extra advanced Monitoring commands.
Router < enable
Router #
To return to user mode type disable
 Router Modes

4- Configuration Mode ( Global Mode ) :

To define generic Configuration on the router ( Password , Name of the

router , ……… )

Router # Configure Terminal

Router(config) #

To exit from Configuration Mode:

Press Control+Z or type exit (end )
 Router Modes
5- Sub-Configuration Mode :

Line Sub-Configuration Mode :

Router (config-line) #

Interface Sub-Configuration Mode :

Router (config-if) #

Router Sub-Configuration Mode :

Router (config-router) #
Display the Configuration File
Router # show run
Current configuration : 407 bytes
!
version 12.2
!
hostname Router
!
ip subnet-zero
!
interface FastEthernet0
no ip address
shutdown
Basic Administrative Configuration
Hostname for the device:

Router(config) # hostname ----------

AHG(config) #

Privileged Mode Password:

AHG(config) # enable password cisco

AHG(config) # enable secret ccna

Password appear in a clear text in the configuration file .But secret appear
encrypted .
Secret override password.
Basic Administrative Configuration
Console Password
AHG(config) # line con 0
AHG(config-line) # password ---------
AHG(config-line) # login

Auxiliary password
AHG(config) # line aux 0
AHG(config-line) # password -------
AHG(config-line) # login

Telnet Password ( Virtual Terminal Password )

AHG(config) # line vty 0 4
AHG(config-line) # password --------
AHG(config-line) # login
Basic Administrative Configuration
Encrypting password in the Configuration File

AHG(config) # service password-encryption

Welcome Message

AHG(config) # banner motd $ Welcome to Silicon Router $

Motd : Message of the day

Restart the Router

AHG# Reload
Basic Administrative Configuration
Assigning IP address to an interface

AHG(config) # interface fastethernet 0

AHG(config-if) # ip address 192.168.1.100 255.255.255.0
AHG(config-if) # no shutdown

Prevents console session timeout

AHG(config)# line console 0

AHG(config-line) # exec-timeout 0 0
Basic Administrative Configuration
Show ip arp
• Display the arp cache of the router ( MAC & IP of active connection between
Devices and router ).

Silicon# sh ip arp
Protocol Address Age (min) Hardware Addr Type Interface
Internet 192.168.1.100 - 0009.e84d.2397 ARPA FastEthernet0
Internet 192.168.1.9 5 0016.e660.82dc ARPA FastEthernet0
Internet 192.168.1.8 5 0014.2a47.7807 ARPA FastEthernet0
Internet 192.168.1.11 6 0016.e660.82d7 ARPA FastEthernet0
Internet 192.168.1.10 0 0014.2a2d.a1a3 ARPA FastEthernet0
Internet 192.168.1.12 3 0016.e660.840e ARPA FastEthernet0
Internet 192.168.1.15 6 0011.5bab.3311 ARPA FastEthernet0
Internet 192.168.1.14 6 0014.2a2d.a1a4 ARPA FastEthernet0
Internet 192.168.1.3 6 0014.2a47.5794 ARPA FastEthernet0
Internet 192.168.1.2 5 0016.e64e.b115 ARPA FastEthernet0
Internet 192.168.1.5 6 0016.e660.8433 ARPA FastEthernet0
Internet 192.168.1.4 0 0016.e651.c4f2 ARPA FastEthernet0
Internet 192.168.1.7 0 0014.2a44.fd46 ARPA FastEthernet0
Internet 192.168.1.6 6 0014.2a45.0567 ARPA FastEthernet0
Internet 192.168.1.16 0 0014.2a47.578a ARPA FastEthernet0
Silicon#
Password Recovery
Set the configuration Register to bypass the configuration in NVRAM (
0x2142 )

1- To access ROMMON , press Control+Break during booting.

2- rommon 1 > confreg 0x2142

rommon 2 > reset

3- We will enter Setup Mode. ( Control+C )

4- Router# Copy start run

5- password Change

6-Router(config) # config-register 0x2102

7- Router# Copy run start

 Show Commands
Silicon# sh version
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) C1700 Software (C1700-Y-M), Version 12.2(8)T5, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac
Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Fri 21-Jun-02 01:11 by ccai
Image text-base: 0x80008108, data-base: 0x807BB890

ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 12.2(7r)XM1, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

YAT uptime is 8 minutes

System returned to ROM by power-on
System image file is "flash:IOS"

cisco 1721 (MPC860P) processor (revision 0x100) with 29492K/3276K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID FOC063505TZ (3826563610), with hardware revision 0000
MPC860P processor: part number 5, mask 2 Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.
1 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
2 Low-speed serial(sync/async) network interface(s)
32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)

Configuration register is 0x2102

Silicon#
 Show Commands
Show history
Display last 10 commands entered on the router

Silicon# sh history
sh run
sh flash
sh hosts
sh users
sh arp
sh processes
sh sessions
sh protocols
sh clock
sh history
YAT#
Saving the configuration

AHG# Copy run start

Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]
Silicon#
Backing Up and Restoring IOS & Configuration File

Silicon# Copy Source Destination

Backup IOS AHG # Copy flash tftp

Restore IOS AHG# Copy tftp flash

Delet IOS From Flash AHG# delete flash:filenam

Backup Configuration File AHG# Copy start tftp

Restore Configuration File AHG# Copy tftp start

Erase Configuration File AHG# erase startup-config

Backing Up and Restoring IOS & Configuration File

Before that:
Make sure you can access the network server from your router.
Ensure that the network server or flash ( Destination ) has a free space.
Verify file naming and path requirements.

Backup IOS but the filename of IOS in flash is mistyping

AHG # copy flash tftp

Source filename [ ]? Silicon
Address or name of remote host [ ]? 192.168.1.1
Destination filename [Silicon ]?
%Error opening flash: Silicon (No such file or directory)
Silicon #
Backing Up and Restoring IOS & Configuration File

Backup IOS , the filename of IOS in flash typed correctly But the TFTP server
is not running

AHG# copy flash tftp

Source filename [ ]? IOS
Address or name of remote host [ ]? 192.168.1.1
Destination filename [IOS]?
.....
%Error opening tftp://192.168.1.1/IOS (Timed out)
Silicon #
Backing Up and Restoring IOS & Configuration File

Backup IOS , the filename of IOS in flash typed correctly and the TFTP server
is running.

AHG # copy flash tftp

Source filename [ ]? IOS
Address or name of remote host [ ]? 192.168.1.1
Destination filename [IOS]?
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!
4104852 bytes copied in 15.764 secs (273656 bytes/sec)
Silicon #
Boot System Commands

AHG(config) # boot system flash IOS Filename

AHG(config) # boot system tftp IOS Filename TFTP ip address

Notes:

•IF the configuration register Value is 0x2100 it will boot the system from
the ROMMON

•IF the configuration register Value is 0x2102 it will check the configuration
file in NVRAM for boot system command if not found it will load from
first file found in the Flash
Interpreting the Interface Status
AHG # sh ip int brief

Interface Status ( Layer 1 ) Protocol ( Layer 2 )

FastEthernet0 administratively down down

Serial0 down down

Serial1 up down

Serial2 up up

Silicon #
Cisco Discovery Protocol ( CDP )
CDP is Cisco proprietary Protocol enabled by default on all Cisco devices.

CDP is a layer-2 protocol.

CDP discovers basic information about neighboring Cisco devices.

Information :

Device ID : Hostname of the device.

Capability : Type of the device ( Router , Switch , .... )
Platform : the Model of the device.
Local interface & Port ID : Local & Remote interface.
Address List : IP Address of the device.

Sending CDP Packet every 60 sec and hold time is 180 sec.
‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة لشركة هلبر للتدريب و غير مصرح باعادة النشر‬