Introduction to Physical Science 13th

Edition Shipman Test Bank

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1. How many protons are there in an atom of 23
Na ?
11
A) 12
B) 34
C) 23
D) 11

2. How many neutrons are there in an atom of 39

K?
19
A) 19
B) 20
C) 39
D) 58

3. How many electrons are there in a neutral atom of 56

Fe ?
26
A) 26
B) 30
C) 82
D) 56

4. How many electrons are there in a neutral atom of 56

Fe ?
26
A) 26
B) 30
C) 82
D) 56

5. What is the symbol for the element whose atoms have 40 electrons each?
A) Ge
B) Zr
C) Ar
D) None of these

6. What is the symbol for the element whose atoms have 92 protons each?
A) Nb
B) U
C) Zn
D) None of these

Page 1
 7. What is the symbol for the element whose atoms have 17 protons each?
A) Pr
B) Cl
C) Es
D) Sg
E) Au

8. How many protons does Se have?

A) 74
B) 72
C) 91
D) 74
E) 34

9. How many protons does Protactinium have?

A) 34
B) 38
C) 71
D) 11
E) 91

10. What is the symbol used on the periodic table for the element Neptunium?
A) Kr
B) Re
C) Np
D) Se
E) Er

11. How many nucleons are there in an atom of 235

U?
92
A) 92
B) 143
C) 235
D) None of these

12. How many neutrons are there in an atom of 235

U?
92
A) 92
B) 143
C) 235
D) None of these

Page 2
13. How many protons are there in an atom of 235
U?
92
A) 92
B) 143
C) 235
D) None of these

14. The atomic number (Z) of an element is equal to the number of ______________ in one
of its atoms.
A) protons
B) neutrons
C) protons plus neutrons
D) neutrons plus electrons

15. The mass number (A) of a nuclide is equal to the number of ______________ in one of
its nuclei.
A) protons plus neutrons
B) protons
C) neutrons
D) neutrons plus electrons

16. Who discovered the electron in 1897?

A) Ernest Rutherford
B) James Chadwick
C) J. J. Thomson
D) Niels Bohr

17. Who discovered the atomic nucleus in 1911?

A) Marie and Pierre Curie
B) Henri Becquerel
C) Ernest Rutherford
D) Niels Bohr

18. The various isotopes of an element all have

A) the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
B) the same total number of neutrons and protons.
C) the same number of neutrons but different numbers of protons.
D) the same number of neutrons and the same number of protons.

Page 3
19. The diameter of an average nucleus is about
A) 10-5 m.
B) 10-7 m.
C) 10-10 m.
D) 10-14 m.

20. The diameter of an average atom is about

A) 10-7 m.
B) 10-10 m.
C) 10-5 m.
D) 10-14 m.

21. Which type of atom is the standard on which the atomic mass scale is based?
A) 12C
B) 16O
C) 1H
D) 56Fe

22. The average mass of the atoms of an element in naturally occurring samples is called the
______________ mass of the element.
A) atomic
B) average
C) relative
D) molecular

23. The nucleus makes up about what percentage of the mass of an atom?
A) 99.9%
B) 50%
C) 90%
D) 5%

24. The strong nuclear force is

A) strongly repulsive for distances less than 10-14 m and strongly attractive for larger
distances.
B) zero for distances less than 10-14 m and strongly attractive for larger distances.
C) strongly attractive for distances less than 10-14 m and zero for larger distances.
D) strongly attractive for distances less than 10-14 m and repulsive for larger distances.

Page 4
25. The most important force between a proton and a neutron is the ______________ force.
A) strong nuclear
B) quark
C) electromagnetic
D) gravitational

26. Which isotope of hydrogen is radioactive?

A) Protium
B) Tritium
C) Deuterium
D) Hydronium

27. Radioactive decay was discovered in 1896 by

A) Ernest Rutherford.
B) Niels Bohr.
C) Henri Becquerel.
D) Marie and Pierre Curie.

28. When an oxygen-19 nucleus undergoes beta decay, the nucleus formed is that of
A) nitrogen-18.
B) oxygen-18.
C) fluorine-19.
D) carbon-14.

29. When an unstable Krypton nucleus undergoes beta decay, the nucleus formed is that of
A) Krypton.
B) Strontium.
C) Bromine.
D) Selenium.
E) Rubidium.

30. When an unstable Cf nucleus undergoes beta decay, the nucleus formed is that of
A) Cf.
B) Fm.
C) Bk.
D) Cm.
E) Es.

Page 5
31. When an unstable Ce nucleus undergoes beta decay, the nucleus formed is that of
A) Cerium.
B) Neodymium.
C) Lanthanum.
D) Barium.
E) Praeseodymium.

32. When an unstable Americium nucleus undergoes alpha decay, the nucleus formed is that
of
A) Americium.
B) Berkelium.
C) Plutonium.
D) Neptunium.
E) Curium.

33. When an unstable Ir nucleus undergoes alpha decay, the nucleus formed is that of
A) Ir.
B) Au.
C) Os.
D) Re.
E) Pt.

34. When an unstable Lu nucleus undergoes alpha decay, the nucleus formed is that of
A) Lutetium.
B) Tantalum.
C) Ytterbium.
D) Thulium.
E) Hafnium.

35. When an unstable Cesium nucleus undergoes gamma decay, the nucleus formed is that
of
A) Cesium.
B) Lanthanum.
C) Xenon.
D) Iodine.
E) Barium.

Page 6
36. When an unstable Es nucleus undergoes gamma decay, the nucleus formed is that of
A) Es.
B) Md.
C) Cf.
D) Bk.
E) Fm.

37. When an unstable Ag nucleus undergoes gamma decay, the nucleus formed is that of
A) Silver.
B) Indium.
C) Palladium.
D) Rhodium.
E) Cadmium.

38. When 226

Ra undergoes alpha decay, the daughter is
88
A) 222
Rn .
86
B) 230
Th .
90
C) 226
Ac .
89
D) 1
H .
1

39. When 238

U decays to 23490Th , a(n) ______________ is emitted.
92
A) beta particle
B) deuteron
C) gamma ray
D) alpha particle

40. When 90
Y decays to
90
Zr , a(n) _____________ is emitted.
39 40
A) alpha particle
B) neutron
C) gamma ray
D) beta particle

Page 7
41. What happens to the atomic number (Z) and the mass number (A) when a nucleus emits
a beta particle (electron)?
A) Z increases by 1; A is unchanged.
B) Z is unchanged; A is unchanged.
C) Z decreases by 2; A decreases by 4.
D) Z decreases by 1; A is unchanged.

42. What happens to the atomic number (Z) and the mass number (A) when a nucleus emits
an alpha particle?
A) Z increases by 1; A is unchanged.
B) Z is unchanged; A is unchanged.
C) Z decreases by 2; A decreases by 4.
D) Z decreases by 1; A is unchanged.

43. What happens to the atomic number (Z) and the mass number (A) when a nucleus emits
a gamma ray?
A) Z increases by 1; A is unchanged.
B) Z is unchanged; A is unchanged.
C) Z decreases by 1; A is unchanged.
D) Z decreases by 2; A decreases by 4.

44. When 6
He undergoes beta decay, the daughter is
2
A) 6
H.
1
B) 5
He .
2
C) 6
Li .
3
D) none of these.

45. Most stable types of nuclei have an ______________ number of protons and an
______________ number of neutrons.
A) even; odd
B) odd; odd
C) odd; even
D) even; even

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46. When the number of protons in a nucleus exceeds ______________, the nucleus is
unstable.
A) 65
B) 56
C) 83
D) 103

47. With only two exceptions, if a nucleus contains fewer ______________ than
______________, it is unstable.
A) protons; neutrons
B) neutrons; protons
C) protons; alpha particles
D) protons; beta particles

48. Which of the following nuclides would be stable?

A) 31S
16
B) 80
Br
35
C) 222
Rn
86
D) 209
Bi
83

49. Which of the following nuclides would be radioactive?

A) 27 Si
14
B) 207
Pb
82
C) 81
Br
35
D) 2
H
1

50. Who discovered radium?

A) Marie and Pierre Curie
B) Ernest Rutherford
C) Henri Becquerel
D) Niels Bohr

Page 9
51. Radioactivity was discovered in
A) Berlin.
B) Berkeley.
C) Paris.
D) Cambridge.

52. Which two isotopes of bromine would you predict to be stable?

A) 81 Br and 79 Br
35 35
B) 82
Br and 79
Br
35 35
C) 81
Br and 80
Br
35 35
D) 80
Br and 79
Br
35 35

53. No radionuclides decay by emitting

A) protons.
B) alpha particles.
C) electrons.
D) gamma rays.

54. If the activity of a sample of 232Th decreases from 1000 cpm to 500 cpm in 60 min, in
another 60 min its activity will be
A) 500 cpm.
B) 0 cpm.
C) 250 cpm.
D) 125 cpm.

55. After three half-lives have elapsed, what fraction of the original amount of radionuclide
remains?
A) 1/3
B) 1/4
C) 1/8
D) None of these

56. After seven half-lives have elapsed, what fraction of the original amount of radionuclide
remains?
A) 1/7
B) 1/14
C) 1/128
D) None of these

Page 10
57. After four half-lives have elapsed, what fraction of the original amount has changed into
another element?
A) 3/4
B) 7/8
C) 15/16
D) None of these

58. After two half-lives have gone by, what fraction of the original sample of a radionuclide
remains?
A) 1/8
B) 1/4
C) 1/3
D) None of these

59. The half-life of 3H is 12 years. About how long does it take for 7/8 of a sample of that
radionuclide to decay?
A) 3 years
B) 24 years
C) 4 years
D) 36 years

60. The half-life of 3H is 12 years. About how long does it take for 63/64 of a sample of that
radionuclide to decay?
A) 6 years
B) 11.8 years
C) 12.2 years
D) 72 years

61. The half-life of 20F is 11 s. What fraction of a sample of 20F will remain after 44 s have
elapsed?
A) 1/4
B) 1/16
C) 1/8
D) None of these

Page 11
62. The half-life of 20F is 11 s. What fraction of a sample of 20F will remain after 99 s have
elapsed?
A) 1/10
B) 1/9
C) 1/400
D) 1/512
E) None of these

63. Which of the following instruments detects and measures radioactivity?

A) Geiger counter
B) Cyclotron
C) Tokamak
D) Mass spectrometer

64. Which of the following is a transuranium element?

A) Am
B) Pa
C) Ra
D) Tc

65. The smallest amount of a fissionable material that will give a self-sustaining chain
reaction is called the
A) mass defect.
B) mass number.
C) atomic mass.
D) critical mass.

66. Plutonium-239 and uranium-235 undergo fission when bombarded by

A) protons.
B) neutrons.
C) alpha particles.
D) electrons.

Page 12
67. If the bombardment of a 40
Ca nucleus with an alpha particle produces a deuteron, the
20
other product is
A) 42 Sc
21
B) 38
K
19
C) 44
Ti
22
D) none of these.

68. When an alpha particle hits a 39

K nucleus, one of the products is a proton. The other
19
product is
A) 36 Ar
18
B) 38
Cl
17
C) 42
Ca
20
D) none of these.

69. When a neutron hits a 6

Li nucleus, one of the two products is an alpha particle. The
3
other product is
A) 10 B
5
B) 11
B
5
C) 2
H
1
D) 3
H
1
E) none of these.

70. A positron is symbolized by

A) 0 e
+1
B) 1
H
−1
C) 0
e
−1
D) 1
H
1

Page 13
71. An electron is symbolized by
A) 0 e
+1
B) 1
H
−1
C) 0
e
−1
D) 1
H
1

72. Artificial transmutations are generally achieved using

A) Geiger counters.
B) particle accelerators.
C) tokamaks.
D) mass spectrometers.

73. The analytical procedure that bombards a sample with neutrons and measures the
frequency of gamma rays emitted is called
A) the alpha scattering technique.
B) carbon dating.
C) neutron activation analysis.
D) Geiger counting.

74. Which of the following is a transuranium element?

A) Tc
B) Pu
C) Tm
D) Pm

75. Neutrons are good “projectiles” for inducing nuclear reactions because they
A) have no electric charge.
B) are themselves unstable.
C) are highly energetic.
D) have no mass.

76. The process of obtaining energy by splitting a large nucleus is called

A) nucleogenesis.
B) fusion.
C) bombardment.
D) fission.

Page 14
77. The fission of 235U nuclei is initiated by
A) electrons.
B) protons.
C) alpha particles.
D) neutrons.

78. An amount of fissionable material that will not sustain a chain reaction is called
A) a subatomic mass.
B) a subisotopic mass.
C) a subcritical mass.
D) none of these.

79. Breeder reactors

A) produce plutonium from 238U.
B) use 238U as a fuel.
C) produce 235U from 238U.
D) produce 238U from 235U.

80. The primary function of a moderator in a nuclear reactor is to

A) absorb neutrons.
B) cool the fuel rods.
C) slow down neutrons.
D) transfer heat.

81. Which of the following four elements is a neutron-absorbing material used in

controlling nuclear reactors?
A) Gold
B) Boron
C) Iron
D) Carbon

82. Natural uranium contains about what percentage of the fissionable isotope 235U?
A) 50%
B) 99%
C) 1%
D) 19%

Page 15
83. Enriched uranium is a better nuclear reactor fuel than natural uranium because enriched
uranium contains a greater proportion of
A) 239Pu.
B) 235U.
C) 238U.
D) 2H.

84. The “splitting” of the atom was first discovered in

A) 1952.
B) 1869.
C) 1938.
D) 1905.

85. Oak Ridge, Tennessee, was built to separate

A) 235U from 238U.
B) 14C from 12C.
C) 2H from 1H.
D) 239Pu from 238U.

86. The reaction 236

92 U → 90
38 Sr +
144
54 Xe + 210 n is an example of
A) alpha emission.
B) naturally occurring neutron decay.
C) fusion.
D) fission.

87. The reaction 2

1 H + 21 H → 3
2 He + 10 n is an example of
A) fission.
B) alpha emission.
C) naturally occurring neutron decay.
D) fusion.

88. The process of obtaining energy by merging small nuclei is called

A) fission.
B) fusion.
C) nucleogenesis.
D) bombardment.

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89. Fusion reactors of the future are likely to use ______________ as fuel.
A) enriched uranium
B) plutonium
C) americium
D) deuterium

90. The nuclide at the top of the "relative stability of nucleus versus mass number" curve is
A) iron-56.
B) uranium-235.
C) uranium-238.
D) helium-4.

91. An exoergic reaction

A) absorbs energy.
B) requires a high temperature.
C) releases energy.
D) occurs only in stars.

92. An endoergic reaction

A) releases energy.
B) requires a high temperature.
C) occurs only in stars.
D) absorbs energy.

93. Thermonuclear warheads, or hydrogen bombs, are powerful mainly because of the
A) fission process.
B) fusion process.
C) absorption of neutrons by 238U.
D) emission of protons by 238U.

94. In nuclear fusion,

A) light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus.
B) a large nucleus splits into two smaller ones.
C) an initial reaction triggers a chain reaction.
D) protons are converted into neutrons and energy.

Page 17
 95. Which of the following has not yet been proved practical?
A) Fusion reactor
B) Fusion bomb
C) Fission bomb
D) Fission reactor

96. Any nuclear process that leads ______________ on the "mass defect per nucleon versus
mass number" curve will release nuclear energy.
A) right
B) up
C) down
D) left

97. Which of the following types of radiation has the greatest ability to penetrate matter?
A) Gamma rays
B) Beta particles
C) Alpha particles
D) Protons

98. Which of the following types of radiation has the least ability to penetrate matter?
A) Alpha particles
B) Gamma rays
C) X-rays
D) Beta particles

99. In which unit would it be best to state the dosage of radiation absorbed, with regard to
its effects on humans?
A) Roentgens
B) Curies
C) Becquerels
D) Rems

100. Short-term and long-term effects of radiation on the health of the recipient are called
______________ effects.
A) threshold
B) somatic
C) latent
D) genetic

Page 18
101. Defects in the subsequent offspring of the recipient of radiation are called
______________ effects.
A) genetic
B) latent
C) somatic
D) threshold

102. What is the symbol for the element copper?

A) Co
B) Ce
C) Cr
D) Cu

103. What is the symbol for the element Fermium?

A) Fm
B) La
C) Er
D) Tc
E) He

104. The symbol notation now used for elements was developed by
A) Dalton.
B) Berzelius.
C) Rutherford.
D) Bohr.

105. What type of decay changes only the energy of a nucleus and not its identity?
A) Positron
B) Alpha
C) Gamma
D) Beta

106. Which type of hydrogen is referred to as “heavy hydrogen”?

A) Tritium
B) Hydronium
C) Protium
D) Deuterium

107. Isotopes of an element differ in their numbers of ______________.

Page 19
108. The number of neutrons in a deuteron is ______________.

109. The number of neutrons in a triton is ______________.

19
110. F is ______________.
The number of neutrons in an atom of 9

19
111. F is ______________.
The number of protons in an atom of 9

19
112. F is ______________.
The number of electrons in an atom of 9

19
113. F is ______________.
The number of nucleons in an atom of 9

114. A scientist named ______________ discovered the proton in 1919.

115. A scientist named ______________ discovered the neutron in 1932.

116. The symbol for the element whose atoms contain 28 protons is ______________.

117. The alpha scattering experiment resulted in the discovery of the ______________.

118. The diameter of the average atom is about ______________ m.

119. The diameter of the average nucleus is about ______________ m.

120. The central core of the atom is called the ______________.

121. The collective name for neutrons and protons is ______________.

Page 20
122. The atomic mass of a hypothetical element consisting of 50% 30X and 50% 32X would
be about ______________ u.

123. The symbolic notation for an alpha particle is ______________.

124. The symbolic notation for a beta particle is ______________.

125. An electron is emitted by an atomic nucleus in the process called ______________

decay.

126. A scientist named ______________ discovered radioactivity in 1896.

127. Only four nuclides having an ______________ number of protons and an

______________ number of neutrons are stable.

128. Except for 1H and 3He, all nuclei having fewer ______________ than ______________
are radioactive.

129. No nuclide with an atomic number greater than ______________ is stable.

130. Only the energy of a nucleus, and not its identity, is changed when it undergoes
______________ decay.

2 6 10
131.
The four stable odd-odd nuclides are 1 H, 3 Li, 5 B, and ______________.

132.
Complete the equation:
137
56 Ba * → 137
56 Ba + ______________

133.
Complete the equation:
177
79 Au → 173
77 Ir + ______________

134.
Complete the equation:
205
80 Hg → 205
81 Tl + ______________

Page 21
135.
Complete the equation:
21
9 F → ______________ + 0
−1 e

136. Isotopes of the element named ______________ probably will be the fuel for the first
commercial fusion reactors.

137. If a radionuclide has a half-life of 8 h, ______________ half-lives would go by during

40 h.

138. Copper-66 decays to zinc-66 when it emits a(n) ______________.

139. The time it takes for one-half of a sample of a radionuclide to decay is called its
______________.

140. The name of the transuranium element commonly used in smoke detectors is
______________.

141.
Complete the equation:
2
1 H + 125 B → ______________ + 42 He

Complete the equation: 1 H + 3 Li → 4 Be + ______________

2 8 9
142.

Complete the equation: 1 H + 1H → ______________ + 0 n

1 3 1
143.

Complete the equation: ______________ + 8 O → 8 O + 1H

16 17 1
144.

145. 1
Complete the equation: 0 n +
235
92 U → 147
57 La + ______________ + 3 01n

146. The antiparticle of the electron is called the ______________.

147. The number of neutrons available to cause fission in a nuclear reactor is adjusted by
inserting or withdrawing the ______________.

Page 22
148. The first self-sustaining nuclear fission reaction was achieved in Chicago in 1942 under
the direction of a scientist named ______________.

149. The United States' effort to build an atomic bomb was named the ______________
Project.

150. A gas of electrons and protons or other nuclei is called a(n) ______________.

151. Plasmas are controlled and manipulated using an approach called ______________
confinement.

152. The c in E = mc2 stands for ______________.

153. The common unit of radiation absorbed dosage is the ______________.

154. The scientist who developed the modern symbol notation for elements was named
______________.

155. Short-term and long-term effects of radiation on the health of the recipient are called
______________ effects.

156. The number of nucleons in a nucleus is the same as the number of neutrons plus the
number of _______________.

157. A positron is the _______________of an electron.

158. The percentage of a radionuclide that would remain after 4 half-lives is

______________.

75
159. As .
State the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in an atom of 33

Page 23
160. Determine the atomic mass of a hypothetical element that occurs on Earth as a mixture
of 20.00% 32X (atomic mass of isotope = 32.00 u) and 80.00% 34X (atomic mass of
isotope = 34.00 u).

161. Determine the atomic mass of a hypothetical element that occurs on Earth as a mixture
of 30.00% 44X (atomic mass of isotope = 44.00 u) and 70.00% 46X (atomic mass of
isotope = 46.00 u).

162. Which one of the following isotopes of gallium would you expect to be radioactive?
Explain your choice.
68 69
31 Ga 31 Ga

163. Tell why each nuclide shown is unstable. Explain your reasoning in each case.
33 64 223
17 Cl 29 Cu 87 Fr

145
164.
The half-life of 59 Pr is 6.0 h. What fraction of an original sample of this radionuclide
would remain after 30.0 h have elapsed?

101
165.
The half-life of 43Tc is 14 min. How many minutes would it take for the activity of a
sample of this radionuclide to decrease from 1200 cpm to 150 cpm?

166. After 8.0 years have elapsed, 15/16 of a sample of a specific radionuclide has decayed.
What is the half-life of the radionuclide?

167. Complete the equation, and state what type of decay is occurring.
88 Ra → _____________ + 2 He
220 4

168. Complete the equation, and state what type of decay is occurring.
226
89 Ac * → _____________ + 

169. Complete the equation, and state what type of decay is occurring.
53 I → 54 Xe + _____________
131 131

Page 24
170. Complete the equation.
2 He + 5 B → _____________ + 1 H
4 10 1

234
171. Th .
Write the equation for the alpha decay of 90

69
172. Zn .
Write the equation for the beta decay of 30

173. Write the equation for the reaction of a deuteron with a triton to form a neutron and
another particle.

174. A fusion reaction occurring in the interior of some stars is shown below. Calculate the
mass lost, in atomic mass units, and the energy produced, in millions of electron volts.
(Recall that 931 MeV is the energy obtained from the conversion of 1 u of mass.)
2 He + 6 C → 8 O
4 12 16

4.00260 u 12.0000 u 15.9949 u

Page 25
Answer Key
1. D
2. B
3. A
4. A
5. B
6. B
7. B
8. E
9. E
10. C
11. C
12. B
13. A
14. A
15. A
16. C
17. C
18. A
19. D
20. B
21. A
22. A
23. A
24. C
25. A
26. B
27. C
28. C
29. E
30. E
31. E
32. D
33. D
34. D
35. A
36. A
37. A
38. A
39. D
40. D
41. A
42. C
43. B
44. C

Page 26
45. D
46. C
47. B
48. D
49. A
50. A
51. C
52. A
53. A
54. C
55. C
56. C
57. C
58. B
59. D
60. D
61. B
62. D
63. A
64. A
65. D
66. B
67. A
68. C
69. D
70. A
71. C
72. B
73. C
74. B
75. A
76. D
77. D
78. C
79. A
80. C
81. B
82. C
83. B
84. C
85. A
86. D
87. D
88. B
89. D
90. A

Page 27
 91. C
92. D
93. B
94. A
95. A
96. B
97. A
98. A
99. D
100. B
101. A
102. D
103. A
104. B
105. C
106. D
107. neutrons
108. 1
109. 2
110. 10
111. 9
112. 9
113. 19
114. Ernest Rutherford
115. James Chadwick
116. Ni
117. nucleus
118. 10-10
119. 10-14
120. nucleus
121. nucleons
122. 31
4
123. 2 He
0
124. −1 e
125. beta
126. Henri Becquerel
127. odd; odd
128. neutrons; protons
129. 83
130. gamma
14
131. 7N
132. 
133. 42 He
134. −10 e
21
135. 10 Ne

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136. hydrogen
137. 5
138. beta particle
139. half-life
140. americium
10
141. 4 Be
1
142. 0n
3
143. 2He
2
144. 1H
86
145. 35 Br
146. positron
147. control rods
148. Enrico Fermi
149. Manhattan
150. plasma
151. magnetic
152. the speed of light
153. rem (or roentgen equivalent, man)
154. Berzelius
155. somatic
156. protons
157. antiparticle
158. 6.25%
159. 33 p, 33 e, 42 n
160. 33.60 u
161. 45.40 u
68
162. 31 Ga has an odd number of protons and an odd number of neutrons (37), so it will be

radioactive.
33
163. Cl has fewer neutrons than protons and so is unstable. 64Cu is odd-odd and so is
unstable. 223Fr has Z greater than 83 and so is unstable.
164. 1/32
165. 42 min
166. 2.0 years
216
167. 86 Rn ; alpha
226
168. 89 Ac ; gamma
0
169. −1 e ; beta
13
170. 6 C
171. 234
90 Th → 230
88 Ra + 42 He
172. 69
30 Zn → 69
31Ga + −01e
173. H + 31H → 42 He + 01n
2
1
174. 0.0077 u; 7.2 MeV

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