To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Electrical generators &
distribution
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 1
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Generators, Alternators & Electrical
Distribution
• Type: Direct Current – DC
Alternating Current – AC
• System: Single Phase – 2 Wires; Three Phase – 3 Wires
• Voltages: 440 V – Power, galley, heating
220 V – Lightings, accommodation spaces use
3300 V – Large AC installation, bow thrusters,
stabilisers, main propulsion
• Frequency: 50 Hz & 60 Hz ( more compact )
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 2
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Generators, Alternators & Electrical
Distribution
•EMF : An electro-motive force (EMF) is
produced when a single coil of wire is rotated in a
magnetic field. This EMF can be increased by
many turns of wire and more magnetic field.
•Direct Current ( D.C.)
Current collected using a ring which is split into
two halves ( commutator).
Advantage: wide range of speed control
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 3
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Generators, Alternators & Electrical
Distribution
•Alternating Current ( A.C.)
*The current brought out to two slip rings as
they rotate and collected for use in external
circuit is termed alternating current.
* Current is changing in direction, rising and
falling in values.
* Advantages: Reduced initial cost, less weight,
less space, reduced maintenance.
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 4
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Marine electrical generation and distribution system.
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 5
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Alternators
•All ships have at least Two main generators to cater
to the demand of the vessel.
•These generators supply alternating current and they
are called alternators.
•Besides the main generators, ships are required to fit
an emergency source of power supply.
•Shipboard alternators are usually driven by diesel
engines or steam turbines.
•Alternators are equipment which converts
mechanical energy into electrical power.
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 6
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Generators & Alternators
•Electrical power is available as voltage and current.
•The main components of an alternators are the rotor and
stator.
•Rotor carries the main field poles, which have flux originates
from the faces.
•When the prime mover drives the rotor, the flux from these
poles cuts the conductors located on the stators.
•Eletro-motive force (emf) are generated and thus a current
flows in the conductors
•The conductors are organised into three separate windings
where the terminals are led to the main switchboard via the
main circuit breaker.
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 7
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
HV Generator
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 8
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Sectional views of generators
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 9
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Sectional view of generator
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 10
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 11
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 12
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 13
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
A.C. Generators (aka Alternators)
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 14
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Marine electrical generation and distribution system.
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 15
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Induction Motors
•This type of motors form the majority of the
motors used on board ships
•Motors can be considered as a device that
convert electrical energy received into useful
mechanical work/energy.
•Motors drive pumps, compressors and fans on
board.
•Induction motors are reliable, robust and fairly
efficient
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 16
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Induction Motors
Principle of operation
•When electrical power is applied to stator of the motor,
the stator develops a rotating magnetic field.
•This magnetic field cuts the conductors of the squirrel
cage of the rotor.
•An emf is generated, which sends a current through the
conductor.
•This current develops a flux that interacts with the main
rotating field.
•This produces a torque which causes the rotor to turn at a
speed slightly below the rotating magnetic field.
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 17
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Electric motors
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 18
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Caged Induction Motor
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 19
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 20
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
STATOR & ROTOR
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 21
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9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 22
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Cross section of Squirrel cage
induction motor (SCIM)
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 23
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Squirrel cage Cooling fin
stator induction motor rotor
End cover
Connected
to pump
fan
cowl
shaft
Ball
bearing
Squirrel cage
3 phase
windings
body
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 24
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Circuit Breakers
•It controls the flow of electrical power between
two areas of electrical distribution system.
•Electrical output of generator can be isolated or
connected from the bus bar by circuit breakers.
•It also acts as safety devices especially when it
works with over-current trip, reverse power trip or
preferential trip
•It trips, but can be reset and use again.
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 25
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Circuit Breakers
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 26
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Fuses
•They protect electrical equipment by
breaking the circuit whenever an over-
current (due to short circuit) occurs.
•They contain a fuse element that becomes
very hot and melt, thereby isolating the
faulty equipment from the electrical system.
•They burn out and need to be replaced.
•For lightings and heating circuit of a 30
amp. circuit, a 30 amp. fuse would be
appropriate.
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 27
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Fuses
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 28
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Marine electrical generation and distribution system.
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 29
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Batteries
• Devices that are capable of storing electrical
energy using chemical reactions.
• They are used on board as emergency and
stand-by source of power
• Main usage are to power low voltage D.C
circuits e.g. alarm, fire detection,
communication systems
• Easily recharged whenever the stored
energy is fully depleted.
• They are basically two types: lead acid and
alkaline
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 30
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Batteries
Lead Acid Batteries
•They are assembled from 2.0 v cells to any desired voltage.
A lead peroxide & a lead negative plate immersed in a dilute
sulphuric acid solution
•Cheaper but required maintenance in order to ensure they
are ready to supply power.
Alkaline Batteries
• Normally Nickel – Cadmium cells of 1.4 v .
•More expensive, robust and required maintenance.
•Precautions when entry into compt. – exhaust fan runs.
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 31
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Alkaline battery
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 32
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Batteries Maintenance
•Cleanliness : No Corrosion & Electrical leakage
•Topping up : water level above plates - long
plates life
•Specific Gravity readings by hydrometer:
Lead Acid battery Alkaline batteries
1.Fully charged – 1280 1. Poor indication of charge
2.Discharged – 1110 2. Very small charge in s.g.
3.1 pilot cell taken daily 3. Renew electrolyte - s.g 1.16
4.All cells taken every months
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 33
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Batteries Maintenance
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 34
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Batteries Maintenance
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 35
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Marine electrical generation and distribution system.
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 36
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Emergency Generator
SOLAS requirements, either battery or
emergency generator or both should
supply:
• for 3 hours, emergency lightings at :
a. emergency lightings at every muster and
embarkation station.
b. over the sides
• for 18 hours :
a. emergency lightings at:
alleyways, stairways, exits, personnel lift
cars
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 37
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Emergency Generator
Control stations, Main switch board, Emergency
switch board, steering gear compartment, fire pump
spaces, fireman outfits stowage positions
b. navigation lights
c. radio installations
d. internal communication equipment
e. navigation equipment
f. fire detection and alarm
g. daylight signaling lamp
h. fire pump if electrically operated.
•For half hour, the steering gears
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 38
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Location of emergency generator.
• Above the main (uppermost continuous)
deck
• Outside machinery spaces
• Shall not be forward of the collision
bulkhead
• Easily accessible from main deck
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 39
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
MCQ
Which of the following is the typical
parameters of the electrical generation
system of a ship?
A.DC, 2-wire, 220 V
B.DC, 3 wire, 220 V
C.AC, 3 wire, 3 phase 440V, 60 Hz
D.AC, 2 wire, single phase 440V, 60 Hz
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 40
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
MCQ
What is the difference between a fuse and a
circuit breaker?
A.Circuit breaker is not resettable, fuse is.
B.Circuit breaker cannot be reused, fuse can be
reused.
C.Circuit breaker protects against damage, fuse
not.
D.Fuse is not resettable, circuit breaker is.
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 41
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
MCQ
• Which of the following is not a part of the
squirrel cage induction motor?
A.Stator
B.Rotor
C.Slip rings and brushes
D.3 phase windings
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 42
To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
MCQ
• The direction of a three phase induction
motor can be reversed by:-
A.Interchanging any two wires of the three wire
supply cables
B.Increasing the voltage of the supply
C.Reducing the current of the motor by inserting a
capacitor
D.Removing one of the three wire supply cables
9. Electrical Systems A1MC Semester 1 / ECS / January 2014/ KP 43
