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MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Most computer monitors sold today have a horizontal resolution greater than ____ pixels.
a. 1920 c. 1280
b. 1024 d. 1152
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 374
5. When using ____ layout, you do not have to guess about the width of the users’ viewports.
a. fluid c. standard
b. fixed d. template
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 374
6. All of the following are types of fully or partially fluid layouts EXCEPT ____ layout.
a. hybrid c. adjustable
b. elastic d. liquid
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 374
7. In a liquid layout, the column widths are determined using ____ values.
a. resolution c. pixel
b. em d. percentage
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 374
8. In an elastic layout, the column widths are determined using ____ values.
a. resolution c. pixel
b. em d. percentage
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 374
10. The padding values for a liquid layout should be expressed in ____.
a. ems c. percentages
b. pixels d. all of the above
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 376
11. The width for the header element in a liquid layout should be specified in ____.
a. ems c. percentages
b. pixels d. none of the above; it should not be
specified
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 376
14. Prior to HTML5, the ____ element was used almost exclusively to mark headers, footers, asides, and
other named sections.
a. sect c. part
b. this d. div
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 381
15. In a fixed-width layout, the content looks identical regardless of the ____ of the monitor.
a. resolution c. orientation
b. size d. presentation
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 384
16. In a fixed-width layout, the ____ of columns remain the same regardless of the size of the Web
browser window.
a. widths c. heights
b. orientations d. both a and c
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 384
17. In a fixed-width layout, excessive white space could be displayed on screens with large ____.
a. sizes c. orientations
b. resolutions d. presentations
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 384
18. In a fixed-width layout, smaller screen resolutions may display ____ depending on the width of the
Web page content.
a. menu bars c. vertical scroll bars
b. object bars d. horizontal scroll bars
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 384
20. In a liquid layout, if a fixed-width element, such as an image, is placed inside a liquid element, the
element will shrink to the point of not being able to accommodate the image, and columns can ____.
a. droop c. collapse
b. shrink d. expand
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 384
21. If a Web page has a large amount of text, a(n) ____ layout will make better use of the available space
in the browser.
a. static c. fixed-width
b. liquid d. absolute
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 384
22. If a Web site requires precision and placement of elements for purposes such as branding and
consistency, a ____ layout will provide that reliability.
a. fixed c. dynamic
b. hybrid d. liquid
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 384
23. The ____ value measures from the left side of the browser window.
a. left-margin c. left-browser-side
b. margin-left d. left-browser
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 385
24. In addition to creating structure, you can use ____ section elements to group content.
a. aggregate c. dynamic
b. indexed d. nested
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 392
25. Borders can present a problem for liquid layouts because browsers do not recognize ____ values for
border widths.
a. pixel c. specific
b. percentage d. binary
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 392
26. ____ values are not displayed correctly for border widths.
a. Pixel c. Em
b. Targeted d. Decimal
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 392
27. To set border widths, you can use keywords or ____ values.
a. em c. percentage
b. pixel d. dynamic
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 392
28. If you use borders in a liquid layout, make sure the total of your column widths (in percentages) is
____.
a. slightly more than 100% c. precisely 100%
b. slightly less than 90% d. slightly less than 100%
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 392
29. ____ all of the columns is one way to preserve their source order.
a. Rounding c. Aggregating
b. Floating d. Orienting
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 396
30. Browsers convert percentage widths to ____ values, so some rounding of those values is bound to
occur as a result.
a. pixel c. em
b. pica d. point
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 396
31. It is a good idea to accommodate ____ by building a small amount of extra space between columns if
you float all of the columns in a layout.
a. pixelation c. rounding
b. aggregation d. concatenation
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 396
32. For ____ purposes, consider floating all of your columns to retain the source order.
a. presentation c. orientation
b. resource-management d. accessibility
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 396
33. A(n) ____ selector with two descendent selectors, like the one shown in the accompanying figure,
applies styles to both descendent selectors.
a. linked c. embedded
b. grouped d. baseline
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 398
34. As shown in the accompanying figure, the ____ id selector contains all content, and styles applied to it
affect all elements inside the container that are not already styled.
a. embedded c. container
b. main d. baseline
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 398
35. A three-column layout like the one in the accompanying figure uses ____.
a. defined percentages for the left column width, and no specification for the width of the
middle and right columns
b. defined percentages for the middle column width, and no specification for the width of the
left and right columns
c. defined percentages for the right column width, and no specification for the width of the
left and middle columns
d. defined percentages for the left and right column widths, and no specification for the width
of the middle columns
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 398
36. As shown in the accompanying figure, the @page ____ has properties for page size and margins.
a. selector c. index
b. header d. link
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 399
37. As shown in the accompanying figure, you should set the font and background colors to colors with
high ____ for printing.
a. brightness c. dynamism
b. resolution d. contrast
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 399
38. When creating a three-column liquid layout, you should not assign a width to the ____ column.
a. sidebar c. aside
b. left d. main
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 405
39. In a three-column liquid layout, make sure the left and right column content is marked with ____
elements with ids.
a. navigation c. sidebar
b. section d. footer
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 405
40. When creating a design with a fluid layout, you must be wary of all of the following kinds of objects
EXCEPT ____.
a. tables c. forms
b. multimedia controls d. sidebars
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 408
41. All of the following may prevent a column from resizing when the user makes the Web browser
window narrower EXCEPT ____.
a. sidebars c. images
b. objects that have fixed widths d. tables
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 408
42. When designing a fluid Web page that includes fixed-width content, try to place ____ into the widest
column, assigning a generous amount of white space on the left and right so the columns can be
resized to some extent.
a. images c. tables
b. multimedia controls d. all of the above
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 408
45. You can apply the ____ property to the container element to keep the layout from expanding too
much.
a. min-width c. max-width
b. maximum d. most-width
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 408
46. You can use the ____ property to limit how large a layout could appear.
a. min-width c. most-width
b. max-width d. least-width
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 408
47. You can set the ____ property to the limit at which you want users to maximize the screen.
a. maximum c. max-width
b. most-width d. min-width
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 408
49. Which of the following media attribute values is NOT supported by most browsers?
a. print c. all
b. screen d. handheld
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 423
50. A style designed to create output for printed copy is called ____ style.
a. output c. print
b. copy d. none of the above
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 423
51. What should be hidden when creating the print style for the page?
a. individual elements c. banners
b. nav bar d. all of the above
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 423
52. Which of the following does NOT need to be defined for the print style?
a. font size c. font family
b. padding and margins d. background color
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 423
54. Which of the following should have a display property assigned the value of none when creating a
print style?
a. sidebar c. main column
b. images d. footer
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 423
55. Which of the following attributes of the link element shown in the accompanying figure determines
where the output will be directed?
a. media c. output
b. print d. screen
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 423
56. If the media attribute shown in the accompanying figure is not specified with the link element, an
embedded style sheet is applied to the media ____ by default.
a. display c. screen
b. location d. style
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 428
58. What is the value of the media attribute when you want to apply a print style to all devices?
a. default c. many
b. all d. screen
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 423
59. If the ____ property is omitted from the @page rule, the Web page will be printed using the default
printer setup defined by the Web browser.
a. size c. display
b. default d. set up
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 425
60. The page rule code starts with the ____ character.
a. & c. #
b. $ d. @
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 425
61. The ____ rule defines the size of the print area and margins for printing.
a. @print c. @output
b. @page d. @window
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 425
62. The ____ property determines the size of the page within an @page rule.
a. output c. format
b. print d. size
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 425
63. When defining the size of the page, ____ are used as unit measurements.
a. pixels c. inches
b. em values d. percentages
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 425
64. When defining margins for the page to be printed, ____ are used as unit measurements.
a. inches c. millimeters
b. em values d. percentages
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 425
65. Which of the following is correct when creating a print style that is printer friendly?
a. Set the background color to white only.
b. Set the text color to black and set the background color to white.
c. Set the text color to black only.
d. Set the background color to black and set the text color to white.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 426
68. People use all of the following to view Web pages EXCEPT ____.
a. projectors c. e-book readers
b. display boxes d. netbooks
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 430
69. On which of the following do most people NOT maximize the Web browser to the full screen size?
a. projectors c. cell phones
b. desktop computers d. tablets
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 430
70. Most people use the ____ Web browser to quickly find information that is important at a particular
moment.
a. desktop computer c. cell phone
b. laptop computer d. projector
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 430
71. Ethan asks Maxwell what might be preventing one column in his design from resizing when he makes
the Web browser window narrower. Which of the following would Maxwell offer in response to this
question?
a. a table of athletics scores
b. a picture of a sports team
c. a sidebar highlighting a point of interest about one of the teams
d. either a or b
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 408 TOP: Critical Thinking
72. After Maxwell provides Ethan with the answer to the previous question, what advice could Maxwell
offer to fix Ethan’s problem?
a. Use an alternative version of the object that does not cause the problem.
b. Create a dynamic layout container in which the object can sit.
c. Place the object in the widest column and assign it a generous amount of white space on
the left and right.
d. Remove the object from the design altogether.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 408 TOP: Critical Thinking
73. Ethan would like to learn about properties that can help fluid layouts better adapt to fixed-width
content. What properties can Maxwell suggest to him?
a. least-width and most-width c. fluid-width and fixed-width
b. max-width and min-width d. alternate-width and
dynamic-width
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 408 TOP: Critical Thinking
74. Ethan is trying to use the max-width property with one of the following and it is not working.
Which of the following is Ethan trying to use?
a. padding c. borders
b. margins d. any of the above
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 408 TOP: Critical Thinking
75. Ethan wants to set the max-width property to the limit at which he wants users to maximize the
screen. Maxwell tells him this limit would depend on which of the following?
a. the use of images c. the use of tables
b. the use of multimedia controls d. the number of columns
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 408 TOP: Critical Thinking
Kyra is quizzing her friend Leon about the various options available in CSS to direct parts of the Web
page to different output devices, in preparation for his test tomorrow.
77. Leon tells Kyra that one of the following must be specified when creating an external print style sheet.
Which one must be specified?
a. page layout c. font family
b. text color d. both b and c
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 423 TOP: Critical Thinking
78. How many possible values does Leon tell Kyra the media attribute has?
a. 3 c. 5
b. 4 d. 10
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 423 TOP: Critical Thinking
79. Which of the following selectors will hide the nav and footer elements, according to Leon?
a. nav, footer{
display: not;
}
b. nav, footer{
display: none;
}
c. nav, footer{
display: ;
}
d. nav, footer{
display: false;
}
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 424 TOP: Critical Thinking
80. Kyra asks Leon how she can view a likeness of the print style. What is his answer?
a. Print the page. c. Use the set print options feature.
b. Use the print preview feature in the d. all of the above
browser.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 428 TOP: Critical Thinking
TRUE/FALSE
2. Long lines of text are harder to read than short lines of text.
4. You should specify a width for the header div in a liquid layout.
5. In a two-column liquid layout, if you are not floating all the id selectors, floated content should appear
after nonfloated content in the source order.
7. When appropriate, you should use the new elements introduced in HTML5 (header, footer, nav,
aside, article, and section) in place of div.
9. To correctly position the main column in the accompanying figure, you have to establish some
distance between it and the sidebar column.
10. To establish some distance between the main column and the sidebar column in the accompanying
figure, you create a right margin for the main id selector that is at least equal to the width of the aside
selector.
12. In a hybrid approach to design, you can use a fixed layout for the left and right columns, and use a
liquid layout for the middle column.
13. All nested sections used to group content must have a similar appearance.
14. All browsers interpret the keyword values thin, medium, and thick identically.
15. All Web designers agree that the most accessible layouts are those with the main column on the left.
16. If the document body contains fixed-width content, such as an image, you do not want to have
overlapping content in case a user has a small screen or resizes the browser window to be smaller.
17. Using a print style, the navbar and the banner will always be printed together with the main text
content.
18. The best way to create a print style is to add it to the embedded style sheet.
19. The output attribute determines to which device the output will be directed.
20. If you decide to hide some elements, you should create grouped selectors and use the display
property with a value of invisible.
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
1. A(n) relative layout like the one shown in the accompanying figure uses percentages as values for
width, margins, and padding. _________________________
ANS: F, liquid
2. The safe rule is to have columns on the Web page with line lengths of 60 to 100 characters.
_________________________
ANS: F
80
eighty
3. The disadvantage of elastic layouts is that you must convert percentages to em units.
_________________________
ANS: F, pixels
5. The div element does not create any formatting of its own. _________________________
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 381
6. People who require adaptive technologies such as enlarged displays may have difficulty using a site
that is designed with fluid pixel measurements for font and other properties.
_________________________
ANS: F, fixed
7. Liquid layouts expand and contract to fill the available space, reducing the amount of horizontal
scrolling. _________________________
ANS: F, vertical
8. When you use borders to create vertical lines between columns, apply the borders to the left and right
sides of the shortest columns in the layout. _________________________
ANS: F, longest
9. In the document flow, floated columns must follow columns that are not floated.
_________________________
ANS: F
precede
come before
be before
10. When creating a three-column liquid layout, decide on the width (in percentages) for each of the two
wider sidebar columns. _________________________
ANS: F, narrower
11. The max-width property sets the maximum width of an element. _________________________
12. To limit the width of a layout, you create a(n) container section in the body of the document and then
style its selector to the appropriate limited width. _________________________
13. The font size in the external print style sheet should be specified in ems.
_________________________
ANS: F, points
14. Cell phone screens range in size from 7 inches to 10 inches, measured on the diagonal.
_________________________
ANS: F, Tablet
15. Most people use a desktop Web browser to quickly find information that is important at a particular
moment. _________________________
COMPLETION
1. As shown in the accompanying figure, ____________________ margins use percentage, em, or other
relative values to change in relation to the Web browser size.
ANS: relative
3. In the ____________________ layout, both fixed-width and fluid layouts exist on the same Web page.
ANS: hybrid
ANS: portrait
5. When using an elastic layout, you should convert pixels to ____________________ units.
ANS: em
ANS: pixels
7. When creating liquid layouts, it’s quite common to create ____________________ section
elements, in which a section element is located within another section element.
ANS: nested
ANS: hide
9. You should choose a(n) ____________________ name for an element that describes something about
the content.
ANS: id
ANS: min-width
11. Different browsers and different versions of the same browser provide different amounts of padding
and margin space for ____________________ markers.
ANS: list
12. The style designed to create output for printed copy is called a(n) ____________________ style.
ANS: print
13. The ____________________ attribute determines where the output will be directed.
ANS: media
14. The size of the print area and the margins for printing are determined by the ____________________.
15. The size of the page is determined by the ____________________ property of the link element.
ANS: size
ANS: browser
17. When creating a print style, the text color should be changed to ____________________.
ANS: black
18. When creating a print style, the background color should be changed to ____________________.
ANS: white
PTS: 1 REF: HTML 423
19. It is better to create print styles in a(n) ____________________ style sheet, as shown in the
accompanying figure.
ANS: external
20. The print preview feature of most browsers provides a(n) ____________________ of how the page
will be printed.
ANS: likeness
MATCHING
Identify the letter of the choice that best matches the phrase or definition.
a. portrait g. landscape
b. fluid h. liquid
c. elastic i. size
d. relative j. fixed-width
e. nested k. print style
f. @page l. hybrid
1. The traditional page orientation, in which the page is taller than it is wide
2. A layout in which the column width is measured in ems
3. A type of section element that is placed within another section element
4. The page orientation in which the page is wider than it is long
5. A property used to determine the size of the page
6. A style sheet designed to create output for printed copy
7. A layout in which you do not have to guess about the width of the user’s viewport
8. A type of margin that uses percentages, ems, or other similar values to change in relation to the Web
browser size
9. The rule used to determine the size of the print area and the margins for printing
10. A design that expands or contracts in proportion to the size of the user’s viewport
11. A type of layout in which the content looks identical regardless of the browser’s resolution
12. A type of layout in which a liquid layout is combined with a fixed-width layout
ESSAY
ANS:
To create a two-column liquid layout:
• Decide the width (as a percentage) of the narrower of the two columns. Generally, the sidebar
column is narrow and the main column is wide.
• Decide whether you want the sidebar column to appear on the left or the right.
• In the style sheet, enter the code for the sidebar and main id selectors. Assign a width (as a
percentage) to the sidebar column. Do not assign a width to the main column.
• In the document body, enter start and end tags for the elements that contain the sidebar and main
content.
• If you are not floating all of the id selectors, change the source order so the floated content appears
before content that is not floated.
ANS:
Fixed-Width Layout Pros
• The content looks identical regardless of the resolution of the monitor.
• Widths of columns remain the same regardless of the size of the Web browser window.
ANS:
Liquid Layout Pros
• Expands and contracts to fill the available space, reducing the amount of vertical scrolling.
• Provides consistency in relative widths.
• Can be used with adaptive technologies to enlarge the display, such as those used by people with
visual impairments.
Liquid Layout Cons
• Little or no control over widths of elements, sometimes resulting in elements such as images shifting
position.
• If a fixed-width element such as an image is placed inside a liquid element, the element can shrink to
the point of not being able to accommodate the image, and columns can droop.