Foundations of Earth Science 8th Edition Lutgens Test Bank

Foundations of Earth Science 8th
Edition Lutgens Test Bank

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Foundations of Earth Science, 8e (Lutgens/Tarbuck/Tasa)
Chapter 7 Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity
7.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Which type of basaltic lava flow has a fairly smooth, unfragmented, ropy surface?
A) aa
B) pahoehoe
C) pumice
D) scoria
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Global Sci Out: G2
Section: 7.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption
Focus/Concepts: 7.3
ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.
2) Decompression melting is responsible for generating magma at ________ plate boundaries.

A) lateral
B) transform
C) divergent
D) convergent
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Section: 7.11 Origin of Magma
Focus/Concepts: 7.11
ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.
3) Which of the following lava compositions has the greatest viscosity?

A) ultramafic
B) mafic
C) intermediate
D) felsic
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Section: 7.2 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions
Focus/Concepts: 7.2
1
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
4) The most violent volcanic activity is associated with ________.
A) the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
B) composite volcanoes
C) cinder cones
D) shield volcanoes
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.2
5) The Columbia Plateau in the northwestern United States is an excellent example of ________.
A) an eroded shield volcano
B) a caldera
C) pyroclastic flow deposits
D) flood basalts
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Section: 7.9 Other Volcanic Landforms
Focus/Concepts: 7.9
6) The eruption at Mount St. Helens is most similar to which volcanic eruption?
A) Tambora, Indonesia
B) Mount Kilauea, Hawaii
C) Mid-Atlantic Ridge
D) Yellowstone National Park
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Section: 7.1 Mount St. Helens Versus Kilauea
Focus/Concepts: 7.1
2
7) ________ tend to increase the explosive potential of a magma body beneath a volcano by the
greatest amount.
A) High viscosity and lots of dissolved gas
B) High viscosity and very low levels of dissolved gas
C) Low viscosity and lots of dissolved gas
D) Low viscosity and very low levels of dissolved gas
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.2
8) Pyroclastic flows primarily contain pumice, vesicular pyroclastic material, and ________.
A) volcanic mudslides called lahars
B) a cloud of low-density hot expanding gases
C) low viscosity lava flows
D) ultramafic rock debris
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Section: 7.8 Volcanic Hazards
Focus/Concepts: 7.8
ESLI: 8.1 Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.
9) Magma tends to rise toward Earth's surface principally because ________.

A) water is an abundant constituent of magma
B) silica increases the viscosity of the magma
C) rocks become less dense when they melt
D) of convection in the mantle
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.2
3
10) A concentration of heat in the mantle capable of producing magma is called a ________.
A) magma melt
B) plume
C) hot spot
D) basalt spout
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Section: 7.12 Plate Tectonics and Volcanism
11) If you want to melt a rock, even partially, there are three methods you can employ. Which of
the following is not a way that melting is triggered in rocks in the Earth?
A) adding heat
B) releasing pressure
C) adding water
D) removing water
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
12) Which one of the following shows the correct order (from left to right) of decreasing magma
viscosity? (Remember that viscosity is resistance to flow, so you should pick the answer that has
the most viscous lava type on the left, and the least viscous [most runny] on the right.)
A) rhyolite, andesite, basalt
B) andesite, rhyolite, basalt
C) basalt, andesite, rhyolite
D) andesite, basalt, rhyolite
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.2
4
13) Subducting oceanic crust underneath oceanic crust will produce ________.
A) hot-spot volcanic islands
B) volcanic island arcs
C) continental volcanic arcs
D) mid-ocean ridge
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
14) An igneous body injected between sedimentary strata that arches the bedrock above while
the bottom layers remain relatively flat is called a ________.
A) batholith
B) laccolith
C) dike
D) sill
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Section: 7.10 Intrusive Igneous Activity
15) The volcanic activity in Yellowstone National Park is caused by ________.

A) subduction
B) a divergent plate boundary
C) intraplate volcanism
D) a transform plate boundary
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.9
5
16) How does the East African Rift relate to plate tectonics?
A) The rift lies on an oceanic spreading center where two plates are diverging.
B) The rift lies on a continental rift where two plates are diverging.
C) The rift lies on a subduction zone where two plates are converging.
D) The rift lies on a continent with a hot spot below it.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Global Sci Out: G2
17) ________ are discordant bodies that form when magma is forcibly injected into fractures that
cut across bedding surfaces and other structures.
A) Batholiths
B) Sills
C) Necks
D) Dikes
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
18) ________ are nearly horizontal, concordant bodies that form when magma exploits
weaknesses between sedimentary beds or other structures.
A) Batholiths
B) Sills
C) Necks
D) Dikes
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
6
19) How do calderas form?
A) collapse of a partially emptied magma chamber
B) explosive eruption carving out a big hole in the ground
C) impact of a meteorite
D) erosion by lava flows
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.9
20) Gases like water vapor or carbon dioxide that get released from lava or magma are referred
to as ________.
A) aa
B) volatiles
C) pumice
D) scoria
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.3
21) ________ is a type of basaltic lava flow that has its surface covered with sharp-edged,
angular blocks and rubble.
A) Aa
B) Tephra
C) Pahoehoe
D) Pillow lava
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.3
7
22) ________ is a type of volcanic mudflow.
A) Lahar
B) A pyroclastic flow
C) Lava flows
D) Tephra
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.8
23) Another term for preexisting crustal rocks is ________.

A) laccolith
B) batholith
C) pluton
D) host rock
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
24) Composite volcanoes are also known as ________.

A) shield volcanoes
B) stratovolcanoes
C) cinder cones
D) hot spots
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Section: 7.7 Composite Volcanoes
Focus/Concepts: 7.7
ESLI: 4.3 Earth's interior is in constant motion through the process of convection, with
important consequences for the surface.
8
25) To be classified as a batholith a plutonic body must have surface exposure greater than
________ square kilometers.
A) 45
B) 50
C) 80
D) 100
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
26) Which of the following is another term for submarine volcano?

A) seamount
B) cinder cone
C) composite volcano
D) pluton
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Section: 7.5 Shield Volcanoes
Focus/Concepts: 7.5
27) ________ are pyroclastic materials that are larger than ash, but smaller than blocks or
bombs.
A) Pumice
B) Scoria
C) Lapilli
D) Pillow lavas
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.3
9
28) When mantle peridotite partially melts beneath an oceanic ridge, ________ magma is
produced.
A) andesitic or intermediate
B) basaltic or mafic
C) rhyolitic or felsic
D) granitic or felsic
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
29) Pyroclastic flows can exceed speeds of ________ kilometers per hour.
A) 100
B) 80
C) 65
D) 40
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.8
30) A horizontal conduit that allows lava to flow from a volcanic vent is called a ________.
A) sill
B) dike
C) pillow lava
D) lava tube
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.3
10
31) ________ are pyroclastic materials ejected from volcanoes that are larger than 64 mm (2.5
inches) in diameter.
A) Volcanic ash
B) Lapilli
C) Volcanic bombs
D) Pillow lavas
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.3
32) Most magma is generated in Earth's upper mantle by ________ of solid rock.
A) decompression melting
B) partial melting
C) diffusion
D) crystallizing
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.2
33) ________ is another name for pyroclastic materials.

A) Fumarole
B) Volatiles
C) Tephra
D) Caldera
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.3
11
34) Shield volcanoes like Mauna Loa mostly comprise ________.
A) granitic lava flows
B) intermediate lava flows
C) rhyolitic lava flows
D) basaltic lava flows
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.5
35) Kilauea's volcanic activity has occurred along the flanks of the volcano in a region called the
________, which has erupted continuously since 1983.
A) East Rift Zone
B) West Rift Zone
C) North Rift Zone
D) South Rift Zone
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.5
36) Most lava flowing from a cinder cone volcano spills from the ________.
A) open crater
B) unconsolidated base of the cone
C) collapsed magma chamber
D) lava tube
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Section: 7.6 Cinder Cones
Focus/Concepts: 7.6
12
37) ________ is an eruption in which lava is extruded from narrow fractures in the crust.
A) Fissure eruption
B) Nuée ardente
C) Lahar
D) Pyroclastic flow
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.9
38) Which of the following is an example of intraplate volcanism?

A) Mount St. Helens
B) Deccan Traps
C) East African Rift system
D) Iceland
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
39) The greatest volume of magma is produced at ________.

A) transform plate boundaries
B) hot spots
C) convergent plate boundaries
D) divergent plate boundaries
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
13
40) Most volcanoes along the Ring of Fire are made from ________.
A) subducting ocean crust
B) subducting continental crust
C) hot-spot volcanism
D) decompression melting
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
41) ________ is a vesicular rock with an andesitic or rhyolitic composition.

A) Scoria
B) Pumice
C) Obsidian
D) Granite
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.3
14
7.2 Matching Questions
Match the following items with the correct descriptions.
A) cone-shaped structure built by successive eruptions of lava and/or pyroclastic material

B) large depression caused by a collapse of the summit area of a volcano
C) a crack in rock along which there is a distinct separation
D) vents in a volcanic area from which gases may escape
E) a conduit that connects a magma chamber to a volcanic crater
F) pipelike opening through which magma moves toward Earth's surface
G) volcanic cone that forms on the flank of a larger volcano
H) funnel-shaped depression at summit of volcano
1) fissure
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Section: 7.4 Anatomy of a Volcano
Focus/Concepts: 7.4
ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.
2) caldera
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.4
3) crater
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.4
4) vent
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.4
15
5) conduit
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.4
6) volcanic cone (stratovolcano or composite cone)

Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.4
7) fumarole
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.4
8) parasitic cone
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.4
Answers: 1) C 2) B 3) H 4) E 5) F ) D 7) A 8) G
16
Match the volcano type with the correct choice. Choices will be used more than once.
A) Composite volcano
B) Shield volcano
C) Cinder cone
9) Mauna Loa
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.5
10) Parícutin
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.6
11) Iceland
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.5
12) Fujiyama
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.7
13) Mount Etna

Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.7
17
14) S P Crater
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.6
Answers: 9) B 10) C 11) B 12) A 13) A 14) C
18
Match the following items with the correct description.
A) flows of basaltic lava fed by fissures that commonly cover extensive areas
B) an isolated, steep-sided, erosional remnant consisting of lava that once occupied the vent of a
volcano
C) an eruption in which lava is extruded from narrow fractures in the crust
D) large depression caused by collapse of the summit area of a volcano
E) vast accumulation of basaltic lava resulting in a broad plain
15) volcanic necks (plugs)

Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.9
16) flood basalt

Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.9
17) basalt plateau

Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.9
18) fissure eruption

Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.9
19
19) caldera
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.9
Answers: 15) B 16) A 17) E 18) C 19) D
7.3 Essay Questions
1) Imagine that you have a friend moving to a new area on the North American continent where
there is a subduction zone offshore. What sorts of volcanoes would be most likely in this setting?
Which volcanic hazards should you warn your friend to be alert for?
Answer: This is the setting for a continental volcanic arc. The volcanoes are most likely to be
composite volcanoes, with andesitic compositions that are typically very explosive. Pyroclastic
flows, ash falls, and lahars would be at the top of the risk list, though lava flows may also occur.
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating
Global Sci Out: G7
Focus/Concepts: 7.7
2) Volcanoes are generally not preserved in the geologic rock record as they are eroded away.
However, the various materials erupted from volcanoes are often found preserved in the rock
record. How could you infer what type of volcano erupted in a given area based on the type of
volcanic deposits now found as layers of rock? Give specific examples and briefly discuss if
some materials may be linked to different types of volcanoes.
Answer: Volcanic ash, sometimes deposited thousands of miles away from the erupting volcano,
is frequently preserved in the rock record. These ash deposits accurately reflect the chemistry of
the source volcano, which must be fairly explosive to produce the eruption column in the first
place. Composite volcanoes are most likely to be preserved in terms of their ash deposits.
Diff: 2
Global Sci Out: G7
Focus/Concepts: 7.3
ESLI: 2.1 Earth's rocks and other materials provide a record of its history.
20
3) Discuss the six different tectonic settings in which volcanism can occur, and why magma is
produced at each location.
Answer: Volcanoes can be triggered by the subduction that occurs at convergent boundaries,
either (1) at an oceanic lithosphere—oceanic lithosphere subduction zone, or (2) a subduction
zone where oceanic lithosphere is subducting under continental lithosphere. Magma is produced
when subducted slabs give off water, which lowers the melting temperature of the
neighboring/overlying mantle. Volcanoes may also occur at divergent boundaries, either at (3)
continental rifts, or (4) oceanic ridges. Decompression melting of the underlying mantle is
typically the cause here. Lastly, rising mantle plumes and hot spots can cause volcanism, far
from any plate boundary. This intraplate volcanism may occur either beneath (5) oceanic
lithosphere, e.g. Hawaii, or (6) continental lithosphere, e.g. Yellowstone. Addition of heat from
Earth's deep interior and the decompression of rising warm rock (due to convection) both play a
role here.
Diff: 3
Global Sci Out: G7
21
4) Pick three of the following volcanic regions and assign each of them to one of the three types
of volcanism (convergent plate boundaries, divergent plate boundaries, or intraplate volcanism):
a. Crater Lake
b. Hawaii's Kilauea
c. Mount St. Helens
d. East African Rift
e. Yellowstone
f. Vesuvius
g. Deccan Plateau
h. Iceland
Give a brief explanation of how the volcanoes formed at each of the three locations you select.
Answer: Answers will vary and will no doubt reflect emphasis on specific areas by the
instructor, but may look something like this:
a. Crater Lake—composite volcano due to subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate beneath western
North America.
b. Hawaii's Kilauea—shield volcano due to hot spot under Pacific Plate.
c. Mount St. Helens—composite volcano due to subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate beneath
western North America.
d. East African Rift—divergent boundary; continental rift. Kilimanjaro is an example of an off-
axis volcano due to decompression melting beneath.
e. Yellowstone—caldera due to hot spot under North American Plate
f. Vesuvius—composite volcano in Italy.
g. Deccan Plateau—flood basalts in India that erupted during the Cretaceous.
h. Iceland—divergent boundary (Mid-Atlantic Ridge).
Diff: 3
Global Sci Out: G7
5) Explain why a rhyolitic lava flow is more viscous than a basaltic lava flow.
Answer: Viscosity is dependent primarily on temperature and silica content. The more silica in
the magma, the greater the viscosity. Since rhyolitic flows are high in potassium, sodium, and
high silica content (~70%) they have a much higher resistance to flow. Basaltic flows have a
much lower silica content (~50%). Applying heat to a fluid makes the substance more fluid thus
increasing its mobility.
Diff: 3
Global Sci Out: G7
Focus/Concepts: 7.2
22
6) Explain three ways in which a lahar can form.
Answer: Answers will vary but should say something about volcanic debris mixing with water.
Some ways to form a lahar include rainfall, melting of glaciers, dam failure, and river water.
Diff: 3
Global Sci Out: G7
Focus/Concepts: 7.8
7) Discuss the various ways in which volcanic ash and gases interact with the environment and
humans during a volcanic eruption.
Answer: Volcanic eruptions eject large volumes of debris and gases into the atmosphere through
an eruption column. The smaller, volcanic ash particles reflect sunlight back into space thus
lowering the mean temperature of the atmosphere. Aerosols will also have the same impact on
mean atmospheric temperatures. Volcanic ash can also clog airplane engines, impairing travel.
Volcanic gases such as sulfur dioxide can react with moisture in human lungs to produce sulfuric
acid, which is a deadly toxin.
Diff: 3
Global Sci Out: G7
Focus/Concepts: 7.8
8) Compare and contrast the major types of calderas.

Answer: Yellowstone-type calderas eject huge volumes of pyroclastic material mainly in the
form of ash and pumice by way of pyroclastic flows. These types of calderas are very large and
so poorly defined that it is difficult to identify them (they are often called supervolcanoes).
Hawaiian-type calderas form gradually because of the loss of lava from a shallow magma
chamber. Crater Lake-type calderas form when the magma chamber can no longer support the
cone, and it collapses in on itself. This caldera eventually filled with water from rain and melting
snow. The cone in Crater Lake is called Wizard Island.
Diff: 2
Global Sci Out: G7
Focus/Concepts: 7.9
23
7.4 Visual Questions
1) You are a field geologist, dropped off in a new area. You examine the rocks of this area and
find rhyolite, welded tuff, and scattered pumice. All are very young. You begin mapping the
area, and soon have a rough sense of the distribution of rock units, as shown here:
Note that the welded tuff varies systematically in its thickness, and that a lake is present near the
center of your mapping area. How do you interpret this pattern?
Answer: This looks like an explosive volcanic center, with a caldera in the middle, a spot where
the rhyolite flows emerged. The pyroclastic flows that deposited the tuff emerged there, too, as
evidenced by their thickening closer to the source. Apparently, these pyroclastic flows flowed
out in all directions, but in particular to the west, as the oval shape of the tuff deposits extend
furthest from the vent in that direction. Because these features appear to be relatively
undisturbed, the area is potentially at risk of another eruption. Seismic and gas monitoring should
be started immediately.
Diff: 3
Global Sci Out: G7
Focus/Concepts: 7.9
ESLI: 2.1 Earth's rocks and other materials provide a record of its history.
24
2) Olympus Mons is an enormous volcano on Mars. It is the largest volcano in the solar system.
Compositionally and structurally, Olympus Mons is most like a shield volcano on Earth, but it is
many times larger. Why should Mars produce such a monstrous shield volcano, while Earth isn't
capable of producing one that large?
Answer: Earth has plate tectonics. Mars does not. Shield volcanoes that erupted due to hot-spot
activity on Earth got carried away from their hot-spot magma source due to the motion of the
plate on which they erupted. On Mars, no such lateral motion exists, so the lava keeps piling up
for the duration of the hot spot's activity.
Diff: 2
Global Sci Out: G7
Focus/Concepts: 7.5
25
3) Examine the map of the Cascadia subduction zone and explain why an eruption of Mount
Rainier would be considerably more destructive than the similar eruption of Mount Mazama,
which formed Crater Lake during a massive eruption 7,700 years ago.
Answer: Rainier is a lot closer to the really big population centers lining Puget Sound and is
upslope of them (i.e., is a lahar risk).
Diff: 2
Global Sci Out: G7
26
4) Mauna Loa, a volcano in Hawaii, is an excellent example of a ________.
A) shield volcano
B) cinder cone
D) volcanic neck
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.5
27
5) Parícutin is an example of a ________.
A) shield volcano
B) cinder cone
D) volcanic neck
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.6
28
6) This is a photograph of Augustine volcano in Alaska. Judging by its shape, and the eruptive
activity in the photo, what kind of volcano is it?
A) shield volcano
B) cinder cone
D) volcanic neck
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.7
29
7) What caused the many small holes that are seen in this sample of scoria?.
A) impacts by volcanic bombs

B) dissolving away of minerals
C) degassing of volatiles
D) raindrops
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Global Sci Out: G2
Focus/Concepts: 7.3
30
8) Examine the figure and consider a rock under the conditions shown by the black dot labeled
"Start here." Explain the different processes that may happen to the rock to cause it to melt. Be
sure to refer to the figure with your explanation.
Answer: First, you could increase the temperature past the partial melting zone to begin melting.
Second, you could decrease the pressure until partial melting begins. Third, you could add water
to the system, thus lowering the melting and pressure at which the rock would melt.
Diff: 2
Global Sci Out: G3
31
9) What igneous feature is shown in this photograph?
A) sill
B) batholith
C) columnar jointing
D) dike
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Global Sci Out: G2
32

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Foundations of Earth Science 8th

Edition Lutgens Test Bank

7.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

2) Decompression melting is responsible for generating magma at ________ plate boundaries.

3) Which of the following lava compositions has the greatest viscosity?

9) Magma tends to rise toward Earth's surface principally because ________.

15) The volcanic activity in Yellowstone National Park is caused by ________.

23) Another term for preexisting crustal rocks is ________.

24) Composite volcanoes are also known as ________.

26) Which of the following is another term for submarine volcano?

33) ________ is another name for pyroclastic materials.

38) Which of the following is an example of intraplate volcanism?

39) The greatest volume of magma is produced at ________.

41) ________ is a vesicular rock with an andesitic or rhyolitic composition.

Match the following items with the correct descriptions.

A) cone-shaped structure built by successive eruptions of lava and/or pyroclastic material

6) volcanic cone (stratovolcano or composite cone)

13) Mount Etna

Answers: 9) B 10) C 11) B 12) A 13) A 14) C

15) volcanic necks (plugs)

16) flood basalt

17) basalt plateau

18) fissure eruption

Answers: 15) B 16) A 17) E 18) C 19) D

7.3 Essay Questions

8) Compare and contrast the major types of calderas.

A) impacts by volcanic bombs

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