Lecture 02 Oop210

Lecture 1 - Class Diagrams
Ralph Tambala
MUST . CSIT
Ralph Tambala (MUST . CSIT) Lecture 1 - Class Diagrams 1 / 17

Outline
1 Overview
2 Class Diagram
Names
Attributes
Operations
3 Class Relationships
Association
Aggregation
Generalization
4 Practice Work
5 Additional Resources

Overview
Overview
1 The goal of this lecture is to cover the basics of designing Class
Diagrams using UML.
2 Everything that is not point 1 is not within the scope of this lecture.
3 Go to point 1. // its an infinite loop

Class Diagram
Class Diagram
Class diagrams are the main building block in object-oriented
modeling. They are used to show the different objects in a system,
their attributes, their operations and the relationships among them.
A class is represented graphically as a rectangle, with its name,
attributes, and operations separated into distinct compartments.
Class diagrams help to construct the code for the software application
development.
Figure 1: Skeleton of a Class Diagram

Class Diagram Names
Class Names
In a graphical representation of a class, the name of the class is the

only necessary tag. It always appears in the top-most compartment.
Figure 2: Class with name Student

Class Diagram Attributes
Class Attributes
An attribute is a named property of a class that describes the object
being modeled. In the class diagram, attributes appear in the second
compartment just below the class name compartment.
Figure 3: Student class attributes

Class Diagram Attributes
Class Attributes cont...(2)

Attributes are usually listed in the form:
attributeName : Type
A derived attribute is one that can be computed from other
attributes, but doesn’t actually exist. For example, a Person’s age can
be computed from his\her date of birth. A derived attribute is
designated by a preceding forward slash ‘/’ as shown below:
/ age : Date
Figure 4: Person class attributes

Class Diagram Operations
Class Operations
Operations describe the class behaviuor and appear in the third
segment. These are services the class provides.
Figure 5: Person class operations/methods

Different Ways of Depicting Classes
Sometimes a class can be drawn without its attributes and operations.
Figure 6: Different representations of Student class

Visibility of Attributes and Operations

Class attributes and operations can also be represented using their access
specifiers (visibility).
Figure 7: Summary of visibilities
Figure 8: An example showing visibility - Customer class

Class Relationships
Class Relationships
There are three basic categories of class relationships:
Association
Aggregation
Generalization
Figure 9: Different depictions of class Student

Class Relationships Association
Association
The term ”association” refers to any conceptual connection or relationship

that exists between classes. For example, passenger and airline may be
linked as shown in Figure 10.
Figure 10: Association
Association can also show cardinality of a class in relation to another. This

is called multiplicity. For example, one fleet may include multiple
airplanes, while one commercial airplane may contain zero to many
passengers.

Class Relationships Aggregation
Aggregation
Aggregation refers to the formation of a particular class as a result of one
class being aggregated or built as a collection. For example, the class
Library is made up of one or more books, among other materials. It is a
special type of association. It represents a “part of” relationship. In
aggregation, the contained classes are not strongly dependent on the
lifecycle of the container. For example in in Figure 11, class Book will
remain so even when the class Library is dissolved.
Figure 11: Association
To show aggregation in a diagram, draw a line from the parent class to the
child class with a diamond shape near the parent class. What of
Composition?
Class Relationships Generalization
Generalization/Inheritance
Generalization or inheritance refers to a relationship in which one
associated class becomes a member of another by inheriting the parent
class’ functionalities. It represents an “is-a” relationship. In other words,
the child class is a subset of the parent class.
Figure 12: Generalization
To show inheritance in a UML diagram, a solid line from the child class to
the parent class is drawn using an unfilled arrowhead as in Figure 12.
Practice Work
Practice Work
Consider the following University system:

In a university, there are different classrooms, offices and
departments. A department has a name and it contains many offices.
A person working at the university has a unique ID and can be a
researcher, lecturer or a support staff.
A researcher can be a full, associate or assistant researcher and
he/she is member in one department.
Offices and classrooms have a number ID, and a classroom has a
number of seats.
A lecturer teaches in one or more classrooms and he/she is member
in one department.
Every support staff works in an office.

Practice Work
Practice Work cont...(2)
1 What classes are in this system?

2 What are their attributes and operations?
3 State class relationshps in this system.
4 Draw a class diagram for this system. Include relationships between
classes (generalization and association).

Additional Resources
Additional Resources/Info
1 Post solutions of your practice work in the forum. Don’t be shy!

Scanned handwritten work is also acceptable for this exercise.
2 You may find this book useful for an in-depth read: System Analysis
and Design - An Object-Oriented Approach with UML by Dennis,
Wixon, and Tergaden.
3 Next class, we will start coding. By then make sure you at least know
how to write, compile and run a “helloworld” program in Java.

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Lecture 1 - Class Diagrams

Ralph Tambala (MUST . CSIT) Lecture 1 - Class Diagrams 1 / 17

Ralph Tambala (MUST . CSIT) Lecture 1 - Class Diagrams 2 / 17

Ralph Tambala (MUST . CSIT) Lecture 1 - Class Diagrams 3 / 17

Figure 1: Skeleton of a Class Diagram

In a graphical representation of a class, the name of the class is the

Figure 2: Class with name Student

Ralph Tambala (MUST . CSIT) Lecture 1 - Class Diagrams 5 / 17

Figure 3: Student class attributes

Ralph Tambala (MUST . CSIT) Lecture 1 - Class Diagrams 6 / 17

Class Attributes cont...(2)

Figure 4: Person class attributes

Ralph Tambala (MUST . CSIT) Lecture 1 - Class Diagrams 7 / 17

Figure 5: Person class operations/methods

Ralph Tambala (MUST . CSIT) Lecture 1 - Class Diagrams 8 / 17

Different Ways of Depicting Classes

Sometimes a class can be drawn without its attributes and operations.

Figure 6: Different representations of Student class

Ralph Tambala (MUST . CSIT) Lecture 1 - Class Diagrams 9 / 17

Visibility of Attributes and Operations

Figure 7: Summary of visibilities

Figure 8: An example showing visibility - Customer class

Figure 9: Different depictions of class Student

The term ”association” refers to any conceptual connection or relationship

Figure 10: Association

Association can also show cardinality of a class in relation to another. This

Ralph Tambala (MUST . CSIT) Lecture 1 - Class Diagrams 12 / 17

Figure 11: Association

Figure 12: Generalization

Consider the following University system:

Ralph Tambala (MUST . CSIT) Lecture 1 - Class Diagrams 15 / 17

Practice Work cont...(2)

1 What classes are in this system?

Ralph Tambala (MUST . CSIT) Lecture 1 - Class Diagrams 16 / 17

1 Post solutions of your practice work in the forum. Don’t be shy!

Ralph Tambala (MUST . CSIT) Lecture 1 - Class Diagrams 17 / 17

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