1

Serviceability
Reinforced Concrete II
CENG 411

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

2

 The serviceability requirement ensures adequate performance at service load without

excessive deflection and cracking.
 Two methods are given by the ACI for controlling deflections:
 1) by calculating the deflection and comparing it with code specified maximum values. (see next
slide ACI318 Table 24.2.2)
 2) by using member thickness equal to the minimum values provided in by the code as shown in
the next slide (ACI318 Table 9.3.1.1)

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

3 Maximum permissible Deflection

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

4 Minimum Depth

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

5 Deflection

 Deflection in RC members are caused by

 Service load
 Creep
 Shrinkage
 Total Deflection = ∆𝑡𝑡 = ∆ 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 ∆𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + ∆𝑆𝑆ℎ𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
+ 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 +
 ∆𝑡𝑡 < ∆𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

6 Immediate defection due to service load
 Immediate deflections shall be calculated
using methods or formulas for elastic
deflections, considering effects of cracking
and reinforcement on member stiffness.
 For non-prestressed members, unless
obtained by a more comprehensive
analysis, effective moment of inertia, Ie,
shall be calculated in accordance with
Table 24.2.3.5 using:

 𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟 = 0.62 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐′

 𝐸𝐸𝑐𝑐 = 4700 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐′

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

7 Deflection due to Creep

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

8 Deflection due to Shrinkage

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

9

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

10 Crack Control
 Bonded reinforcement shall be
distributed to control flexural cracking in
tension zones of nonprestressed beam.
 Stress fs in deformed reinforcement
closest to the tension face at service
loads shall be calculated based on the
unfactored moment, or it shall be
permitted to take fs as (2/3)fy.

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

11 SIDE FACE CRACK CONTROL FOR LARGE BEAMS

 For nonprestressed beams with h

exceeding 900 mm, longitudinal skin
reinforcement shall be uniformly
distributed on both side faces of the
beam for a distance h/2 from the tension
face.
 Spacing of skin reinforcement shall not
exceed s given in 24.3.2, where cc is the
clear cover from the skin reinforcement
to the side face.

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

12 Serviceability checks for B2

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

13
Uniform Distributed Load

Max positive Moment

𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 146. 23kNm

Left support Moment

203.26 kN m

𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 203.26 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

14 Cracking Moment
𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟 𝐼𝐼𝑔𝑔
𝑀𝑀𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 =
𝑦𝑦
𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟 = 0.62 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐′ = 0.62 × 30 = 3.40 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
𝑏𝑏ℎ3 350 × 5003
𝐼𝐼𝑔𝑔 = =
12 12
= 3.65 × 10 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4 9
500
𝑦𝑦 = = 250 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
2
3.40 × 3.65 × 109
𝑀𝑀𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = = 49.64 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
250
2 146. 23𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑀𝑀𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 33.09 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 < �
3 203.26 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆, 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

15 Cracked moment of Inertia
 After cracking, the steel bars carry the entire
tensile load below the neutral surface. The
upper part of the concrete beam carries the 1
I t = bx 3 + nA s ( d − x ) 2
compressive load. 3
 In the transformed section, the cross-sectional area
of the steel, As, is replaced by the equivalent
area nAs where,
 n = the modular ratio= Es/Ec
 To determine the location of the neutral axis,

1 2
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 − 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = 0 (Quadratic equation)
2
1 3
𝐼𝐼𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 𝑏𝑏𝑥𝑥 + 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑑𝑑 − 𝑥𝑥 2
3

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

16 Effective Moment of inertia at Positive
moment region
 Neutral Axis location
1 2
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 − 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = 0
2
1
350 𝑥𝑥2 + 7.77 1570.75 𝑥𝑥 − 7.77 1570.75 442 = 0
2
𝑥𝑥 = 144.13 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
1 3 1
𝐼𝐼𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 𝑏𝑏𝑥𝑥 + 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑑𝑑 − 𝑥𝑥 = (350)(144.13)3 + 7.77 1570.75 442 − 144.13 2
2
3 3
𝐼𝐼𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 1.43 × 109 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
𝐼𝐼𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 1.43 × 109 9 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 4
𝐼𝐼𝑒𝑒1 = 2 = 2 = 1.475 × 10
2/3 𝑀𝑀𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝐼𝐼𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 33.09 1.43 × 109
1− 1 − 𝐼𝐼 1− 1−
𝑀𝑀𝑎𝑎 𝑔𝑔 146.23 3.65 × 109

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

17 Effective Moment of inertia at Negative
moment region
 Neutral Axis location
1 2
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 − 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = 0
2
1
350 𝑥𝑥2 + 7.77 2199.05 𝑥𝑥 − 7.77 2199.05 442 = 0
2
𝑥𝑥 = 164.58 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
1 3 1
𝐼𝐼𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 𝑏𝑏𝑥𝑥 + 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑑𝑑 − 𝑥𝑥 = (350)(164.58)3 + 7.77 2199.05 442 − 164.58 2
2
3 3
𝐼𝐼𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 1.84 × 109 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
𝐼𝐼𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 1.84 × 109 9 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 4
𝐼𝐼𝑒𝑒2 = 2 = 2 = 1.865 × 10
2/3 𝑀𝑀𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝐼𝐼𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 33.09 1.84 × 109
1− 1 − 𝐼𝐼 1− 1−
𝑀𝑀𝑎𝑎 𝑔𝑔 203.26 3.65 × 109

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

18 Average Effective Moment of Inertia

𝐼𝐼𝑒𝑒1 +𝐼𝐼𝑒𝑒2 1.475 ×109 +1.865 ×109

 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐼𝐼𝑒𝑒 = = = 1.67 × 109 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
2 2

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

19 Deflection

29.66 × 103 × 8 × 80003

∆𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷+𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 0.00677 = 19.13 mm
4700 30 × 1.67 × 109

18.06 × 103 × 8 × 80003

∆𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 0.00677 = 11.64 mm
4700 30 × 1.67 × 109
∆𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = ∆𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷+𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 − ∆𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 19.13 − 11.64 = 7.49 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

𝑙𝑙
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 =
360
𝑙𝑙 8000
= = 22.22 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 > ∆𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷+𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 7.49 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
360 360

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411