Emb olism

•
An embolism is a detached intravascular solid , liquid
that
or
gaseous
mass is carried
by blood
from its

point of origin to a distant site ,

where it
often
cause tissue
dysfunction or
infarction .

(a) Thrombi embolus is the most

common
type of embolus . It

due to
is
dislodge of thrombus .

(b) Atherosclerotic embolism is due

to atherosclerotic that
an
plague
dislodges .

•
It is characterized by
cholesterol clefts
presence of
in embolus .

(c) Fat embolus is associated with bone

fractures .

and
particularly long bones soft tissue trauma .

(d) Gas embolus is seen in

decompression sickness .

Amniotic
(e)
fluid embolus enters maternal circulation

during labor or
delivery .
 Pulmonary Embolism ( PE )

Pulmonary embolism
originate
from deep venous thromboses

and the most

are common
form
thrombi embolic disease
of .

Most
•

often clinically silent as :

(a)
lung as dual blood
supply .

(b) the embolus is

usually small .

Pulmonary infarction occurs

if a
large or medium

sized obstructed patients with

pre-existing
artery is in

cardiopulmonary disease .

Symptoms :

Presents shortness of breath

in with .
hemoptysis ,

pleuritic chest
pain .

(2) Abnormal Pur

fusion
(3) D -
dimer elevated

(4) Spiral CT shows a vascular

filling defect in
lung .

Sudden death heart failure cardiovascular

right
•

, or
,

collapse occurs when emboli obstruct 60% or more

Circulation
of Pulmonary .
 Systemic Embolism

Systemic emboli derive

primarily
•

from cardiac mural or neulieular

thrombi aortic
,
aneurysms ,
or

art hero sclerotic

plaques .

But due to
•

usually Thrombi embolus .

down
•
Travel systemic circulation to occlude flow to

most
organs ,
commonly lower extremities ( ) 75%
,

or brain ( 10%1 It can block other like

organs
.

intestines , kidney , spleen etc .

The outcome
. cis Tissue
Infraction .

C
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