Medieval India

The medieval India was a time of great change and upheaval in India. It was also a time of great cultural and intellectual
achievement, here are the four most important periods of medieval Indian history.

Early medieval period

(habang nagtatalk ako) Patricia, Alen, Jeirald, Trisha looks like nafafight then after (habang sinasabi ko yung Buddhism
and Hinduism magbobow kayo dun sa Buddha sa board)

From 600 – 1200 CE. This period was marked by the rise of regional kingdoms. These kingdoms were often at war with
each other, but they made significant contribution to Indian culture. Buddhism and Hinduism continued to spread
during this period

Delhi Sultanate

Marga: (narration) the sultan of Delhi was walking through the market when he saw a merchant, a soldier, a poet and
an artist. He was curious to know what they are doing, so he went to talk to them.

Dinky: What are you all doing?

Patricia: I am selling the finest goods in all of Delhi

Jeirald: I am looking for a merchant who are selling high-quality goods

Trisha: I am writing a poem about the beauty of Delhi

Johanna: I am painting a picture of the market.

Dinky: I am impressed with all of you. You are all working hard to contribute to the Delhi Sultanate.

Dating from1206 to 1526. Delhi Sultanate was founded by Muslim invaders from Central Asia. The sultans established
their rule over Delhi and parts of Northern India. It was a time of great cultural and intellectual flourishing. The sultan
was a patron of the arts and sciences, and encouraged his subjects to excel in their fields. People of Delhi Sultanate were
proud of their culture and their accomplishments.

Vijayanagara Empire

Alen: Your Majesty, we are overflowing with gold and silver! Our merchants are bringing in goods from all over the
world, and our people are prosperous.

Jeirald: I am glad to hear that. The wealth and power of our empire is a testament to the hard work and dedication of
our people.

From 1336 – 1646. The Vijayanagara rulers were Hindus and they promoted the revival of Hindi culture and religion. The
empire was known for its wealth and power.

Mughal Empire

Patricia: My empire ruled across the nation of India! Monuments *points Taj Mahal* were built during my era that
stood the test of time and remained well-known to many.

The Mughal empire from 1526 to 1857. This empire was founded by Babur, a descendant of Genghis Khan. The Mughals
established a powerful empire that ruled over most of India. They were also patrons of the arts and architecture and
they build many magnificent monuments like the Taj Mahal. This empire played an important role in the development
of Indian culture and society
History Schools

Orientalist School

Jeirald: Okay! So, we are going to study about the aspects of Indian culture and history. However, we will view it
through a Western lens.

Trisha: what do you mean by western lens?

Jeirald: We will compare Indian culture and history to western culture and history as they found Indian culture to be
inferior.

Founded by British and other European scholars in the 18 th and 19th century. Orientalist Scholars patronized the Indian
culture and history, but they often viewed India through a Western lens. The Orientalist School is no longer considered
to be a legitimate school.

Cambridge School

Johanna: (lalapit saakin sa gilid tas kukuhitin) Hey, can you tell me about Cambridge School?

Marga: Sure! Cambridge school emerged in the early 20th century. Scholars where interested in studying Indian history
in a more objective and dispassionate way. They downplayed the ideology and they focused on studying the political and
economic history of India.

Johanna: Oh, thank you! I will definitely check out their works later.

Nationalist School

Alen: Hey, Trisha! What do you think about the Nationalist School of Indian history?

Trisha: Uhmm? I don’t really know a lot about it. Let’s ask the lady over there (ituturo mo ako)

Trisha: Excuse me, do you know about Nationalist School of Indian history?

Marga: Yes. Historians were interested in promoting Indian nationalism and identity. They focused on studying heroic
deed of Indian leaders and the glories of Indian history.

Alen: Oh, so that’s nati---

Marxist School

Selwyn: (pinutol sasabihin ni alen, sumingit) Excuse me. I heard you talking about the Nationalist School. Do you also
know about the Marxist School?

Marga: Uhmm? Perhaps I do. Scholars were interested in studying the role of class conflict in history. The struggle
between the oppressed and the oppressor, between the working class and the ruling class.

Subaltern School

Selwyn: So, that’s the Marxist School. Okay, last question. How about the Subaltern School?

Alen: Oh! I know this one. It’s a very important school of thought.

Trisha: It has something to do with marginalized groups in Indian history

Marga: Yes, you are right. Historians studies the experiences of the marginalized groups in Indian history, such as the
poor, the peasants, and the lower castes. They gave focus on the voices of the marginalized.

Selwyn: Thank you for sharing some of you knowledge about the schools of history of India.

The Brahmanas

: a category of Vedic text that explain Vedic rituals and the concepts of Brahman which is the supreme reality.
The Brahmanas teach that the universe is a manifestation of Brahman and that the individual soul is identical to
Brahaman. The Brahmanas are important for understanding the development of Hindu thought.