Module 7

Relationship between
Current and Voltage
 Objectives
1. define current and voltage and resistance.

1. understand the relationship between

current,voltage and resistance.
3. appreciate the importance of current and
voltage and resistance
 Current
Voltage
Resistance
 What is Current?

is the measure of how much charge is passed

through a given point in a conductor
per given amount of time.
 I - is the symbol for current.

(A) ampere - is the unit for current

named after Andre- Marie Ampere.
 French Physicist who made important
contributions to the theory of
electricity and magnetism.

Andre - Marie Ampere

Ammeter - measures
electric current.
Voltage - it is the electric
pressure
that causes
current to flow.
 V- is the symbol for Voltage.

(V) Volts - is the unit for voltage

named after Alessandro Volta.
 Italian Physicist who invented the
voltaic pile, the forerunner of what
we now call the dry cell.

Alessandro Volta
Voltmeter - measures
voltage
Resistance - quantity that measures
how a device reduces
the electric flow.
Ohmmeter - measures
resistance.
 R- is the symbol for Resistance.

(Ω) Ohms - is the unit for Resistance,

named after Georg Simon Ohm.
 German physicist who discovered the law,
(Ohms Law)states that the amount of current
in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage
across the circuit and inversely proportional
to the resistance of the circuit.

Georg Simon Ohm

The equation to get the amount of current

I =V/R
 Sample Problem:
G: R = 60 Ohms, V= 12
volts
How much current
R: I?
flows through a E: I = V/R
lamp with a S: I = 12 Volts / 60
resistance of 60 Ohms
ohms when the A: 0.2 Amperes
voltage across the
lamp is 12 volts?
The equation to get the amount of voltage

V=I*R
 Sample Problem:
G: R = 60 Ohms, I- 0.2
A
Find the voltage if
R: V?
the resistance is 60 E: V= I * R
Ohms and the S: V = 0.2 A * 60 Ohms
current is 0.2 A? A: 12 V
The equation to get the amount of resistance.

R=V/I
 Sample Problem:
G: V= 12 V, I- 0.2 A
R: R?
Find the resistance
E: R= V/I
if the current is 0.2 S: R = 12 V / 0.2 A
A and the voltage is A: 60 Ohms
12 - V.
 Determine how resistance
affects the current through the circuit.

Find the relationship exists

between current
and resistance.
No. of bulbs Current (A)

1 0.3 A
2 0.25 A
3 0.2 A
What happens to the current in the circuit
as the resistance increases
(no. of bulbs increases)?
No. of bulbs Current (A)
1 0.3 A
2 0.25 A
3 0.2 A
The current decreases as the
resistance increases or when
the resistance increases
the current decreases.
 Sample Problem:
G: R= 90 Ohms V= 220
R: I
How much current
E: I=V/R
flows through a S: I = 220 V/90 Ohms
lamp with a A: I = 2.44 A
resistance of 90
Ohms when
connected to a 220 -
V outlet?
 Sample Problem:
G: I= 0.8 A V= 110
R: R?
What is the
E: R=V/I
resistance of a lamp S: R = 110 V / 0.8 A
which allows 0.8 A A: R=137.5 Ohms
current when 110 V
is applied to it?
 Seatwork:

1. Find the voltage if the resistance is 90

ohms and the current is 0.7 A.
2. Find the resistance if te current is 2.5 A and
the v oltage is 20 V.
3. Find the current that will flow in the lamp
with a resistance of 60 ohms when the
voltage across the lamp is 20 V.
 Module 8
Advantages and
Disadvantages of
Series and Parallel
Connection.
Examine the diagram of a series and parallel connection.

How did the two circuits differ?

 A series circuit has two or more loads
but current flows through a singe
conducting path.

In a series circuit, if any part of the circuit is open,

the current stops flowing and the voltage
and power are removed from all loads.
 A good example are some types of
Christmas lights. When one bulb burns out,
all the rest go out.
A parallel circuit has more than one path for
current to flow.

A parallel circuit allows operation

of other loads of one load fails.
The electric circuit in homes consists
of many parallel circuits.
 An automobile electric system
makes use of parallel circuits
for lights, stereo, heater motor, etc.
 SERIES PARALLEL
CONNECTION CONNECTION

Same as current in Equal to the sum of current

TOTAL individual load in individual loads.
CURRENT = I₁ = I₂ = I₃ = I₄… = I₁ + I₂+I₃+I₄…..

Equal to the sum of the Same anywhere across

TOTAL voltages across each load. two points in the circuit.
VOLTAGE = V₁ + V₂+ V₃... =V₁ = V₂ =V₃

Increases with increasing Decreases with increasing

TOTAL load load
RESISTANCE =R₁ + R₂+ R₃... = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/ R₃...
flows to decrease.
Sample Problem:
A tv set, a stove and flat iron are connected
in series to 220 V line. The resistance of the tv is
20 Ω, the stove is 50Ω and the flat iron is 35 Ω.
Find the following:
a. Total resistance
b. The amount of current flowing in each device
c. The voltage drop across each device.