.

Content 1: FALSE: Former Pres. Joseph Estrada is Pro-poor, and is Not

Associated With The Plunder Case Because of the Lack of Evidence.

Site 1: UNTV (aired in May, 2015). Ang Pangulo Ko : Joseph Estrada.

Retrieved from, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_BqbnyaxYA

Critique: In the month of May, in the year 2015, a news report shed light
on the relatively short-lived presidency of Joseph Estrada, who held office from
1998 to 2001. This news segment offered a perspective that portrayed him in a
positive light, emphasizing his alleged contributions to the country's economy and
characterizing him as a leader who championed the cause of the less fortunate. It
also pointed out the perceived lack of substantial evidence in his ongoing plunder
case at the time.

However, when we delve deeper into the reality of the situation, a more
disconcerting narrative emerges. It was revealed that during his time in power,
Estrada had misappropriated a staggering sum, estimated to be at least Php.150
Million, from public funds. This is an egregious act of corruption, especially
considering that this money could have been utilized to alleviate the suffering of
countless citizens living below the poverty line.

What's even more troubling is the revelation that he squandered a

significant portion of these ill-gotten funds on personal pursuits. These included
extravagant expenditures on women and entertainment, painting a stark contrast
to the image of a pro-poor president that was being portrayed in the news.
 Furthermore, his presidency had a detrimental impact on the nation's
economy. Under his leadership, the economic growth rate plummeted to a dismal
-0.6%, further exacerbating the challenges faced by ordinary Filipinos.

It's crucial to acknowledge that these revelations and the underlying

discontent with Estrada's presidency played a pivotal role in galvanizing the
events of EDSA 2. This was a significant moment in Philippine history,
characterized by widespread protests and calls for political change, ultimately
leading to Estrada's ousting from office.

Primary Source: Tinampa, J; ABS-CBN news (Jan., 2022) The

Correspondents CA Throwback: Kontrobersiyal na envelope na naging mitsa ng
EDSA Dos noong 2001, Retrieved From,
https://news.abs-cbn.com/video/news/01/22/22/balikan-bakit-nagkaroon-ng-edsa
-dos-noong-2001

Content 2: FALSE : There is no record of Marcos visiting another country, let

alone attending a world leaders’ meeting in Canada in 1983.

Site 2: Nasaan Na Nga BA Ang Ginto Ni Ferdinand marcos? | Jevara PH.

(2019, December 30). YouTube.
https://youtu.be/Gjz_NYsDJto?si=8w26viKAkRIpbeYJ

Critique: The content of the video shows the controversy and allegations
of our former president, Ferdinand Marcos, regarding his involvement with two
legendary stashes of treasure. These alleged treasures are commonly referred to
as the "Yamashita Treasure" and the "Marcos Gold." First, it explores the
Yamashita treasure. The Yamashita Treasure is a term used to describe alleged
hidden wealth looted by the Japanese Imperial Army during World War II,
particularly under the command of General Tomoyuki Yamashita. There have
been numerous treasure-hunting expeditions and attempts to locate this treasure
over the years, but concrete evidence of its existence and the extent of Marcos'
involvement remains elusive. The term "Marcos Gold" refers to allegations that
Ferdinand Marcos amassed immense wealth during his presidency, which lasted
from 1965 to 1986. The video shows evidence supporting and refuting this
assertion. This wealth was rumored to include gold bars, jewelry, and other
valuable assets. Marcos also faced allegations of involvement with this treasure,
and the video evaluates the evidence surrounding these claims. After the
downfall of the Marcos regime in 1986, there were reports of hidden bank
accounts and secret vaults containing substantial amounts of gold and wealth,
but the exact extent of these allegations remains a subject of debate and
controversy.

According to the film, Ferdinand Marcos attended a summit of world

leaders in 1983 in Toronto, Canada. This was eventually shown to be false as
there is no record of Marcos visiting another country, other than attending a world
leaders' gathering in Canada in 1983, according to the Official Gazette, which
has a list of presidential overseas excursions up to 2016. Numerous claims and
investigations related to these alleged treasures, definitive evidence linking
Ferdinand Marcos to the Yamashita Treasure, or proving the extent of his wealth
accumulation remains limited. Another document from data.gov.ph (n.d.), which
contains information on presidential travel up to May 2014, reveals that Marcos
did not travel abroad in 1983. The image used to support the assertion only
serves to disprove as for the website of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential
Library in 1966 and depicts the October 1966 Manila Summit Conference. The
fact that the terms "Manila Summit Conference", "1966", and "7 Nations" are
visible serves as proof.The controversy surrounding these allegations continues
to be a topic of debate and intrigue in the Philippines and among historians,
researchers, and treasure hunters.

Primary Source: Presidential trips: The full list | GOVPH. (n.d.). Official
Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines.
https://web.archive.org/web/20171201094026/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/
presidential-trips/the-foreign-trips-of-the-presidents/
 LBJ presidential library. (n.d.). LBJ Presidential Library | Research.
https://www.lbjlibrary.net/collections/photo-archive/photolab-detail.html?serial=c3
638-6

Open data Philippines. (n.d.). Open Data Philippines.

https://data.gov.ph/sites/default/files/OP_PresidentsForeignTrips_0.csv

Content 3: FALSE: There is no evidence that EDSA is said to be a project

reigned by the former president, Ferdinand Marcos Sr.

Site 3:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/874228992673467/posts/34457344588562
28/

Critique: According to the Facebook post, fans of the Former president

Ferdinand Marcos Sr. prohibit opposing voters from passing through EDSA as it
was a project held by the Marcos regime. The statement is false as the term of
Ferdinand Marcos, Sr. began in 1965 and he was ousted in 1986 by the people
in an election and a rebellion so it is impossible that Marcos built EDSA. The
building of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, also known as EDSA, started in 1940
because of the former president Manuel L. Quezon's intention to construct the
nation's longest and broadest road. This project was managed by engineers
Osmundo Monsod and Florencio Moreno. Highway 54 was the initial name of the
road. In honor of the Filipino historian, jurist, and scholar Don Epifanio de los
Santos, Highway 54 was renamed Epifanio de los Santos Avenue when RA 2140
was enacted.

Primary Source: Ocampo A; Inquirer (June., 2018) Who was Epifanio de

los Santos? |
 https://opinion.inquirer.net/114241/epifanio-de-los-santos-2?fbclid=IwAR08v69pM
DYuoB_l7mhGQbvwrYHODP-mo8O-HtvrZxUvp7kMZsij1pRcp4c

2. Make a reference list with at least three (3) primary sources / references
[properly cited using the APA 7th format] discrediting that particular false claim,
with EACH source / reference accompanied by an annotation

Site 1: FALSE: Former Pres. Joseph Estrada is Pro-poor, and is Not Associated
With The Plunder Case Because of the Lack of Evidence.

- Content 1: Nepotism rules the power of Erap Estrada and primarily

favors wealth and connections.

Url: Lander, M. (1998, December 13). Manila leader, ally of poor,

now courts the rich. Retreieved from
https://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/13/world/manila-leader-ally-of
-poor-now-courts-the-rich.html

- Content 2: Anti corruption court sentenced Joseph Estrada to life

imprisonment on charges of plunder. Estrada was accused of four
counts of corruption and was acquitted two counts related to gambling
under fictitious identity and use of tobacco taxes for personal use.

Url: Mogato, M. (2007, September 12). Philippines' Estrada guilty

of plunder, gets life. Retrieved from
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-estrada-idUSMAN
8545820070912

- Content 3: Conviction of former President Joseph Estrada after 6

years of trial on charges
 Url: The Associated Press. (2007, September 12). Philippines'
Estrada gets life for corruption. Retrieved from
https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna20734819

Site 2: FALSE : There is no record of Marcos visiting another country, let alone
attending a world leaders’ meeting in Canada in 1983.

- Content 1: There is no record of Marcos visiting another country,

other than attending a world leaders' gathering in Canada in 1983

Url: Presidential trips: The full list | GOVPH. (n.d.). Official Gazette
of the Republic of the Philippines.
https://web.archive.org/web/20171201094026/https://www.officialgazette.g
ov.ph/presidential-trips/the-foreign-trips-of-the-presidents/

- Content 2: Marcos did not travel abroad in 1983

Url: LBJ presidential library. (n.d.). LBJ Presidential Library |

Research.
https://www.lbjlibrary.net/collections/photo-archive/photolab-detail.html?ser
ial=c3638-6

- Content 3: Manila Summit Conference that was held in October

1966

Url: Open data Philippines. (n.d.). Open Data Philippines.

https://data.gov.ph/sites/default/files/OP_PresidentsForeignTrips_0.csv

Site 3: FALSE: There is no evidence that EDSA is said to be a project reigned by

the former president, Ferdinand Marcos Sr.
- Content 1: Term of Ferdinand Marcos, Sr. began in 1965 and he
was ousted in 1986 by the people in an election and a rebellion so it is
impossible that Marcos built EDSA

Url:The Fall of the Dictatorship. (n.d.). Official Gazette of the

Republic of the Philippines.
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/featured/the-fall-of-the-dictatorship/

- Content 2: Built in the 1940’s, under President Manuel L. Quezon,

the circumferential highway EDSA, named after historian Epifanio de
los Santos

Url: Transport and Communications Bulletin for Asia and the

Pacific, No. 82 “Combatting Congestion”. (n.d.). Economic and Social
Commission for Asia and the Pacific.
https://www.unescap.org/publications/transport-and-communications-bullet
in-asia-and-pacific-no-82-combatting-congestion

- Content 3: Highway 54 was renamed Epifanio de los Santos

Avenue when RA 2140 was enacted.

Url: Why was EDSA called Highway 54?. (n.d.). Philippine

Commercial Properties.
https://www.philippinecommercialproperties.com/why-was-edsa-called-hig
hway-54/
3. Based on the previous content, prepare a fact sheet, whose content should
sufficiently explain & correct the disinformation.The fact sheet should use legible
fonts and background and include a screenshot of the post making the false
claim and a reference list citing the post & the sources debunking its content.