Aringay National High School

Aringay, La Union

Acceptability of Coconut (Cocos nucifera)

residue as Shoe Polish Pad

Science Investigatory Project

In partial fulfillment of the requirement in Research I

Rossha Mae S. Anasario

8-SSC

January 2020
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter I: Introduction

Background of the Study ………………………………………………………….

01

Statement of the Problem ………………………………………………….……..

03

Hypothesis ……………………………………………………………………………
03

Scope and Limitation ………………………………………………………………

03

Significance of the Study ………………………………………………………….

03

Review of Related Literature ……………………………………………………..

04

Chapter II: Methodology

Materials and Methods ……………………………………………………………

05
 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The researcher had come to think of the product that will be

useful for everyone. The researcher has think the difference ways to
use coconut residue or “sapal ng niyog” again. The coconut has got to
be the most versatile fruit used. Grown on the Palm Trees, every part
of the coconut and the tree has virtually got a use and has been used
by different countries in different ways. Known as “The Tree of 1,000
Uses” in the Malaya language, coconut has a history of important uses
worldwide.

Grown in over 80 countries worldwide, the coconut palm excels

in the topics, notably the Philippines and Indonesia closely followed by
India and Brazil which combined account for approximately 80% of the
world’s coconut production. The coconut is a significant economic
importance to these top producers. Coconut tree (cocos nucifera) is a
member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only know living
species of the genus cocos. The earliest Cocos-like fossil to be found
was "Cocos" zeylanica, a fossil species described from small fruits,
around 3.5 cm (1.4 in) × 1.3 to 2.5 cm (0.51 to 0.98 in) in size,
recovered from the Miocene (~23 to 5.3 million years ago) of New
Zealand in 1926.

Cocos nucifera is a large palm, growing up to 30 m (98 ft) tall,

with pinnate leaves 4–6 m (13–20 ft) long, and pinnae 60–90 cm (2–
3 ft) long; old leaves break away cleanly, leaving the trunk smooth.
Coconuts are generally classified into two general types: tall and
dwarf. On fertile soil, a tall coconut palm tree can yield up to 75 fruits
per year, but more often yields less than 30. Given proper care and
growing conditions, coconut palms produce their first fruit in six to ten
years, taking 15 to 20 years to reach peak production. Coconut palms
are normally cultivated in hot and wet tropical climates. They need
year round warmth and moisture to grow well and fruit.

Coconut palms are hard to establish in dry climates, and cannot

grow there without frequent irrigation; in drought conditions, the new
leaves do not open well, and older leaves may become desiccated;
fruit also tends to be shed.

Coconut meat is the white flesh inside a coconut. Coconuts are

the large seeds of coconut palms (Cocos nucifera), which grow in
tropical climates. Their brown, fibrous husks conceal the meat inside.

Coconut residue, locally known as “sapal ng niyog” is the solid

material obtained after extracting coconut milk from the fresh grated
coconut or comminuted meat. It is by-product of the coconut milk,
Nata de Coco, virgin coconut oil and coconut jam production.

The researcher decided to make use of coconut residue because

so far, the study of the processing technology to improve copra residue
values in our country has not been widely appreciated. Meanwhile, if
investors exploit more effectively the resources obtained from the
product category can contribute significantly to lowering costs and
improving the competitiveness of the products of the business coconut
processing industry.

Coconut residue is the solid particle obtained after extracting

coconut oil from grated or comminuted fresh coconut meat.
Comminution of meat is normally done either through the use of a
powered rotary grater or a knife mill. The nature and particle size of
coconut residue greatly depends on the final product for which the
coconut milk will be used and the scale of operation. If the coconut
milk will be used for nata de coco or coco jam processing, the particle
size of the residue is coarser and includes the testa or brown covering
of the coconut meat. If the final product is coconut milk or coco cream
powder, the residue is very fine in size and as white as cirrocumulus
cloud.

It does not contain the testa since this is manually removed from
the meat prior to comminution as in desiccated coconut production.
Moisture content of residue from coco milk processing plant ranges 46
to 52% while that of residue from nata de coco ranges from 65 to 80%.
This great difference is mainly due to the coconut milk extraction
methods. In coconut milk processing plants, extraction of milk is done
without water using a mechanically driven screw press while for nata
de coco; extraction of milk is done manually with the addition of water.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the acceptability of coconut

residue as shoe polish pad.

It aims to answer the following in terms of:

A. Texture of the Shoes

B. Shininess of the Shoes
C. Duration time of its effect

Hypothesis

There is an acceptability of coconut residue as an alternative

shoe polish pad.

Scope and Limitations

The researcher gathered the coconut residue from the fresh

grated coconut meat used in their home which is also bought from
Aringay Market. The researcher also used cooking pan, small container
and a rag from their home where the experiment will be also
conducted, Sta. Lucia, Aringay, La Union on January - February, 2021.

Significance of the Study

 Most of the people don’t have any idea about how to use the
coconut residue and mostly discard it.

This is why the researcher thought of a way how to turn it into

something useful. Community could also benefit from this study, it
involves the life status of some people who are having financial
problems, those who are not able to afford a shoe polish and a brush.

Shining your shoes with shoe polish is a simple and effective

way of extending its “life” and preserving their natural appearance.
Shoe polish also prevent the leather from dying out and replace the
moisture which has lost, therefore maintaining its shine and
suppleness so these product would be a useful tool for our footwear.

Review of Related Literature

A shoe is an item of footwear intended to protect and comfort

the human foot. Shoes are also used as an item of decoration
and fashion. While shoe polish (or boot polish) is a
waxy paste, cream, or liquid used to polish, shine,
and waterproof leather shoes or boots to extend the footwear's life,
and restore, maintain and improve their appearance.

Shoe polish is manufactured in large thermostated, stirred

reactors. Steps are taken to ensure that volatile solvents do not
evaporate. Typically, low-melting paraffin wax is melted, followed by
the higher melting waxes, and finally the colorant-stearate mixture.
The molten mass is added to warm solvent before being dispensed.
Wax-based shoe polish is traditionally packaged in flat, round, 60-gram
(2-ounce) tins, usually with an easy-open facility. The traditional flat,
round tins have since become synonymous with shoe polishes. When
dried due to solvent loss or other reasons, the hardened wax pulls
away from the walls of the container giving what is known as a
"rattler".

Shoe polish is applied to the shoe using a rag, cloth, brush, or

with bare fingers. Shoe polish is not a cleaning product: it is suited for
clean and dry shoes. A vigorous rubbing action to apply the polish
evenly on the boot, followed by further buffing with a clean dry cloth or
brush, usually provides good results.
4

Another technique, known as spit-polishing or bull polishing,

involves gently rubbing polish into the leather with a cloth and a drop
of water or spit. This action achieves the mirror-like, high-gloss finish
sometimes known as a spit shine or bull which is especially valued in
military organizations.
Shoe polishes contain petroleum products, benzenes, carbon
based dyes etc. All of these substances have severe ill effects on the
body and are known carcinogens. Be it inhalation or ingestion.
Exposure to little amounts of those substances over a period of time
can trigger carcinogenesis (initiation of cancer process). These
substances can actually react with the DNA leading to mutations which
eventually can lead to uncontrolled cellular growth. For example,
inhalation of certain dyes can trigger lung cancer. Or ingestion of
benzenes or nitrates over a period of time can cause stomach cancer.
Exposure to such substances is highly unsafe.

Today, shoe polish is usually made from a mix of natural and

synthetic materials, including naphtha, turpentine, dyes, and gum
arabic, using straightforward chemical engineering processes. Shoe
polish can be toxic, and, if misused, can stain skin.

This study would be a great help to our environment and to

human health for this includes organic materials, coconut residue.

CHAPTER II: METHODOLOGY

Materials and Methods

After boiling or simmering the coconut meat and extracting its

milk, the researcher started to gather the ½ coconut residue from the
extracted coconut meat used in their home. The researcher cooked the
½ kilo residue until it produces oil. Then the researcher put the
coconut residue at a container/ small Tupperware. The coconut residue
shoe polish is ready to be tested with a rag.
 Dip the rag on to the container with the coconut residue and
rubbed it in the pair of leather shoes around. Up to 1-3 minutes, we
can now observe the effect of the coconut residue in the pair of shoes.