GLUE MADE OF MILK

CHAPTER I: Introduction

A. Background of the Study

Glue is widely used worldwide. From schools to offices, from homes to

buildings, glue is always present to help in individuals in their daily lives.
This material can be used in simple works or as an emergency utensil;
from torn books to stripped parts of paper works; this tool is very
significant in our lives.

Glue is a sticky material that can stick two or more things together. Glue
can be made from plant or animal parts, or it can be made from oil-based
chemicals. The first glues may have been natural liquids that come out of
trees when they are cut. Later people learned to make glue by boiling
animal feet, cartilage or bones. Some very strong glue is made from fish
bones, rubber or milk. Simple glue can be made at home by mixing wheat
flour and water. This glue will stick pieces of pieces of paper together.
Many kinds of art can be made using glue. A collage is a work of art made
by using glue to stick colored things onto paper.

These qualities of this project, the homemade glue, really come in handy
to our fellows with problems about toxics in their homes. This project
isn’t only helpful to us, but is also easy to organize in terms of financial
crisis and emergencies at home.

B. Statement of the Problem

Which is more effective the commercial ones or homemade glue which is

only made of milk?

Sub-problems
1. Is it effective?
2. Are the ingredients easy to find?
3. Is it eco-friendly?

C. Significance of the Study

Everybody can benefit from this study especially the students. It can
benefit the students in making their projects. The people who work in
offices and also teachers can also benefit from it.

CHAPTER II: Methodology

A. Materials

-Sauce pan
- Vinegar
-Baking soda
-Table spoon
-Water
-Empty bottle
-Ladle
-Skimmed Milk
-Strainer
-Funnel

B. Procedure

- Prepare the sauce pan and the stove.

- Pour the milk into the sauce pan. Wait until it boils.
- Add 3 teaspoon of vinegar. Keep stirring until the curdles are
forming.
- Remove the curdles from the sauce pan into the strainer.
- Put back the curdles and add baking soda and water to the sauce
pan.
- Wait until it boils. Add water if needed.
- When bubbles appeared it means you’re done.

CHAPTER III:
GUAVA SOAP AS

CHAPTER I: Introduction

A. Background of the Study

Psidium Guajava commonly known as Guava or bayabas in Filipino

terms, is widely grown in the Philippines. It is a flowering plant,
growing 33 feet tall. Guava is ideal for flavored drinks, sauces, deserts,
salads, pies, puddings and jellies and the fruits may even be
dehydrated and powdered to flavor ice cream.
Guavas are rich in dietary fiber, vitamins A nad C, folic acid, and the
dietary minerals, potassium, copper and manganese. Having a
generally broad, low calorie profile essential nutrients, asingle guava
fruit contains about four times the amount of vitamin C as an orange.
Guava contains both carotenoids and polyphenols like guaijaverin,
leucocyanidin and amritoside- the major classes of antioxidant
pigments- giving them relatively high potential antioxidant value
among plant foods. Guava leaves are used in folk medicines as remedy
for diarrhea and as well as the bark, for their supposed antimicrobial
properties and as astringent. Guava leaves or bark are used in
traditional treatments against diabetes. It is in this light that the
researchers would like to explore other possibilities of using guavas
as soap.

B. Statement of the Problem

This investigation aims to explore the possibility of creating an

effective remedy for acne.

C. Significance of the Study

This investigation finds an alternative and inexpensive way of
treating/ getting rid of acnes. This is a great help for those people who
don’t have enough money to buy commercial acne remover.

D. Scope and Limitation of the Study

This investigatory project only uses the leaves of the plant. Only the
leaf extract will be used for experimenting. It is limited to using simple
techniques and crude shelf-life is limited to two materials use at
home; thus, its week to one month only as these materials could not
be sterilized completely. Discovering and identifying the compounds
present in oregano is not included in this study.

CHAPTER II: Methodology

A. Materials
50 milligrams Sodium hydroxide
5 millimeters guava leaf extract
Containers
1 millimeters lavender scent
Pan
Spoon

B. Procedure
Preparation for the Guava Extract Soap

Prepare first the stove to be used then boil the guava leaves in a
pan. After boiling, separate the guava leaves from the extract. Then
place the extract in clean container. Prepare the Sodium hydroxide.
Powder the Sodium hydroxide for faster results. After powdering,
boil a little amount of water in a container. After it boils, mix the
sodium hydroxide with hot water. Put three spoonful of guava leaf
extract. Pour spoonful lavender scent. Then, stir the mixture. Make
sure the mixture is viscous. Lastly, wait for 24 hours then see the
results.

CHAPTER III: Results and Discussion

Three human subjects were used for the study. The first and
second subjects were given the Experimental Guava Leaf Extract
Soap, while the last subject was given the commercially
Sold Beauty Bars. The third subject controlled the test, while the
first two were the experimental tests. The test subjects applied
experimental and commercial bars to their faces where acnes were
seen. They used the beauty bars twice a day for five days. The test
subjects recorded what they felt/ observed after they applied the
beauty bar.
 COCONUT OIL and CALAMANSI PEELINGS as AGENT for HAIR
OIL

CHAPTER I: Introduction

A. Background of the Study

The hair is the crowning glory that holds true for most people
since it is one of the things that leave a lasting impression when
we first meet someone. The way that we carry our hair, our
haircut, our hairstyle and even our hair texture are all visible
traits that can greatly affect the way the other people look at
you. This is the reason why we need to take extra care of our
hair. Our hair and scalp, just like our skin needs special care and
attention. One way of caring our hair is by using hair oil.
The research is about the possibility of oil extracted from
calamansi peeling as preservative for hair oil. Hair oil is
commonly used by people who have dry hair especially girls.
Hair oil moisturizes the scalp, it provides hair into the sebaceous
glands and promotes hair growth.

The calamansi peelings we need in this study is abundant in the

Philippines. We can directly find them in the kitchen, etc.
Calamansi peelings contain preservative called pectin that is
generally used in preserving jams and jellies.

In this study, we commonly use the extract of calamansi peelings

which has pectin to preserve the fragrance of the coconut oil and
which at the same time gives an additional fragrance to the oil.
This study employs the importance of this experiment to our
economy in the country.

B. Statement of the Problem

The study will determine the feasibility of the oil extracted form
calamansi peelings as preservative for hair oil. In doing so, the
characteristics will be compared to commercial air oil.
C. Significance of the Study
The increasingly high prices of goods and cosmetics nowadays
are the main problems of the people concerned. One of the
greatly needed cosmetic is hair oil which is very important to
those people who have dry hair. Since we are aiming to
minimize our expenses, we can make use of calamansi peelings
by extracting it.

The research study is worth making. And it can contribute a lot

to our community. It can give people hair oil that is affordable
and it can help the country minimize the economic problems.

D. Scope and Limitations

The study focused on the use of oil extracted from calamansi
peelings as preservative for hair oil.

CHAPTER II: Methodology

A. Materials
Grated coconut
Calamansi peelings
Water
Bowl
Pot/ frying pan
Bottle

B. Procedure

Preparation of the Coconut Oil

Put the grated coconut in a bowl and put water in it. Squeeze
the grated coconut with water to produce coconut milk. Heat
the coconut milk until all the water is dried up and that left
the coconut oil.

The Making of the Hair Oil Agent

Put the calamansi peelings in the pot with the coconut oil and
wait for 5 minutes. After 5 minutes, get the calamansi
peelings and put the product in a bottle/ container. Cool it
first before applying it to the hair. Just gently apply it to your
hair.

Testing of the Hair Oil Agent

The Hair Oil Agent was tested first by the researcher. It was
applied gently to the hair and has effectiveness in it. The Hair
Oil was tested in a survey method.

CHAPTER III: Results and Discussion

This page describes the result of the investigation conducted

on the “Coconut Oil and Calamansi Peelings as Agent for hair
oil” through its fragrance when applied to hair.

Legend:
1- Excellent
2- Good
3- Bad

Trial 1
Table 1
Person Product Commercial
1 2 3
2 2 3
3 3 2
4 2 2
5 3 3
6 2 2
7 2 3
8 3 3
9 2 3
10 2 2

Trial 2
Table 2
Person Product Commercial
1 2 2
2 2 3
3 2 3
4 2 3
5 3 2
6 2 2
7 2 3
 8 2 3
9 2 3
10 2 3

Discussion

Table I and II showed the application of the Hair oil through

fragrance. Ten different people tested the Hair Oil in each trial.
Trial 1 showed effectiveness of the product. From the results
showed above, the product can be good substitute for the
commercial ones.

Conclusion

As a result of the analysis showed in tables 1 and 2, the

researcher would say that there is significant difference
between the product and commercial preparations in terms of
fragrance.

Recommendation

The researcher recommends to the next researcher to conduct

more trials of this product to prove its effectiveness.

CANDLE AS AN ALTERNATIVE FLOOR POLISHER

CHAPTER I: Introduction

Floor polisher is more used on ancient time than now.

Houses on ancient time were made up of wooden floor which is
good to polish unlike now, most of the houses and floors are
concrete. And the other reason why floor polisher is not use by
many people is that it’s a little expensive and sometimes out of
stock. If people would only knew that there is a product cheaper
than floor polisher, maybe they would probably buy and use this
product at home. Because using this is similar with that of
commercially made brands, the only difference is that it is also
insect repellent.

Statement of the Problem

1. Will this product be harmful for people’s health?

 2. Can it help drive insects away?
3. Does it have a significant difference in terms of affordability
compared to commercial products?

Significance of the Study

This study is dedicated to those people who are responsible in

cleaning their houses especially in maintaining the cleanliness of their
floor. This study wants to show the people that they can make their floor
shinier without spending too much. This would also help in driving away
insects such as ants, flies and termites.

Scope and Limitation

It was conducted for the purpose of providing a product made of

candle as an alternative floor polisher.

CHAPTER III: Results and Discussion

Trial I

R1 R2 R3 Means
Shiny 3 3 4 3.3
Odor 2 3 2 2.3
Affordability 3 4 4 3.7
Total 9.3

In trial 1, using the materials which the amount of gas is greater

than the amount of candles, the total mean for shiny was 3.3, 2.3 for the
odor and 3.7 for affordability.

Trial 2

R1 R2 R3 Means
Shiny 4 4 4 4
Odor 3 4 4 3.7
Affordability 3 4 4 3.7
Total 11.4

In trial 1, using the materials which the amount of gas is greater

than the amount of candles, the total mean for shiny was 3.3, 2.3 for the
odor and 3.7 for affordability.
 The table below shows that the 2nd trial is more effective than trial
1 because it has higher average.

Conclusion

Several tests were conducted by the researcher in order to show the

effectiveness of this product. There are two trials, the first one used greater
amount of gas than the candle. The result was not satisfying because of the
strong odor of gas. The second trial made use of gas and candle with the same
amount and the result was good.

The researcher therefore conclude that trial 2 is more effective than trial
1.

Recommendation

This product shows usefulness to people even though it was only a

simple product, but the researcher would recommend others to have a further
study of this product.