Common C&tions

I+ II+ III+ IV+

NH4+ &mmonium

Co2+ cob&lt (II) / cob&ltous Co3+ cob&lt (III) / cob&ltic

Cu+ copper (I) / cuprous Cu2+ copper (II) / cupric

Cr2+ chromium (II) / chromous Cr3+ chromium (III) / chromic

Sn2+ tin (II) / st&nnous Sn4+ tin (IV) / st&nnic

Fe2+ iron (II) / ferrous Fe3+ iron (III) / ferric

Mn2+ m&n!&nese (II) / m&n!&nous Mn3+ m&n!&nese (III) / m&n!&nic

H!22+ mercury (I) / mercurous H!2+ mercury (II) / mercuric

Ni2+ nickel (II) / nickelous Ni3+ nickel (III) / nickelic

Au+ !old (I) / &urous Au3+ !old (III) / &uric

Pb2+ le&d (II) / plumbous Pb4+ le&d (IV) / plumbic

Common Anions

I- II- III- IV-

C2H3O2-
&cet&te CO32- c&rbon&te AsO43- &rsen&te C4- c&rbide
(CH3COO- )

BrO3 - brom&te CrO42- chrom&te AsO33- &rsenite Si4- silicide

CN- cy&nide Cr2O72- dichrom&te BO33- bor&te

OH- hydroxide C2O42- ox&l&te PO43- phosph&te

H- hydride O2- oxide PO33- phosphite

IO3- iod&te SiO32- silic&te P3- phosphide

NO3 - nitr&te SO42- sulph&te N3- nitride

NO2- nitrite SO32- sulphite

MnO4- perm&n!&n&te S2- sulphide

O22- peroxide S2O32- thiosulph&te

SCN- thiocy&n&te

I- II-
ClO - hypochlorite

ClO2 - chlorite

ClO3- chlor&te

ClO4- perchlor&te

H2PO4- dihydro!en phosph&te HPO42- hydro!en phosph&te

HSO3- hydro!en sulphite

HSO4- hydro!en sulph&te / sulph&te &cid

HCO3- hydro!en c&rbon&te / c&rbon&te &cid

Nomencl&ture:
System&tic: number of &toms with the prefixes: mono-, di-, tri-, tetr&-, pent&-, hex&-, hept&-, oct&-, non&-, dec&-, dodec&-
Stock: oxid&tion number of the c&tion (or less electrone!&tive element) between p&renthesis with rom&n number.
Tr&dition&l: use of suffixes &nd prefixes (not &ccepted by the IUPAC).
Anions N&me: prefix + root + suffix
y
! Mono&tomic A ¯: ... -ous Ex&mple: Cl¯ chlorous

z
! Poly&tomic [AxOy] ¯: hypo- ... -ite Ex&mple: ClO¯ hypochlorite -
... -ite Ex&mple: ClO2¯ chlorite
... -&te Ex&mple: ClO3¯ chlor&te
per- ... -&te Ex&mple: ClO4¯ perchlor&te +
m+
C&tions C
! Unique O.N: N&me: does not ch&n!e Ex&mple: N&+ sodium ion
! Sever&l O.N.: N&me: prefix + root + suffix
+
- hypo- ... -ous Ex&mple: N hyponitrous
m+

2+
... -ous Ex&mple: Cr chromous
o.n. C

3+
... -ic Ex&mple: Cr chromic
6+
+ per- ... -ic Ex&mple: Cr perchloric
* o. n. = oxid&tion number.
 Acidity and basicity constants under standard conditions (25 °C, 1 atm)
Acid Base Reaction Ka pKa Kb pKb
Hydrobromic acid Bromide HBr + H2O Br + H3O+ -- --

Hydrochloric acid Chloride HCl + H2O Cl + H3O+ -- --

Nitric acid Nitrate HNO3 + H2O NO3 + H3O +

-- --

Perchloric acid Perchlorate HClO4 + H2O ClO4 + H3O +

-- --

Permanganic acid Permanganate HMnO4 + H2O MnO4 + H3O +

-- --

Sulphuric acid Hydrogensulphate H2SO4 + H2O HSO4 + H3O +

-- --

Hydroiodic acid Iodide HI + H2O I + H3O+ -- --

Iodic acid Iodate HIO3 + H2O IO3- + H3O+ 1.9×10-1 0.721 5.3×10-14 13.279

Oxalic acid Oxalate HOOC-COOH+ H2O HOOC-COO + H3O - +

5.9×10 -2
1.229 1.7×10 -13
12.771

Phosphorous acid Dihydrogenphosphite H3PO3 + H2O H2PO3 + H3O - +

3.0×10 -2
1.523 3.3×10 -13
12.477

Periodic acid Periodate HIO4 + H2O IO4- + H3O +

2.3×10 -2
1.638 4.3×10 -13
12.362

Sulphurous acid Hydrogensulphite H2SO3 + H2O HSO3- + H3O +

1.6×10 -2
1.796 6.3×10 -13
12.204

Hydrogensulphate Sulphate HSO4- + H2O SO42- + H3O+ 1.2×10-2 1.921 8.3×10-13 12.079

Chlorous acid Chlorate HClO3 + H2O ClO3- + H3O +

1.1×10 -2
1.959 9.1×10 -13
12.041

Phosphoric acid Dihydrogenphosphate H3PO4 + H2O H2PO4 + H3O - +

7.5×10 -3
2.125 1.3×10 -12
11.875

Arsenic acid Dihydrogenarsenate H3AsO4 + H2O H2AsO4 + H3O - +

5.8×10 -3
2.237 1.7×10 -12
11.763

Hydrofluoric acid Fluoride HF + H2O F + H3O

- +
6.8×10 -4
3.167 1.5×10 -11
10.833

Nitrous acid Nitrite HNO2 + H2O NO2- + H3O+ 4.5×10-4 3.347 2.2×10-11 10.653

Formic acid Formate HCOOH + H2O HCOO- + H3O+ 1.8×10-4 3.745 5.6×10-11 10.255

Benzoic acid Benzoate C6H5COOH + H2O C6H5COO + H3O - +

6.6×10 -5
4.180 1.5×10 -10
9.820

Anilinium ion Aniline C6H5NH2 + H2O C6H5NH3 + OH + -

2.3×10 -5
4.630 4.3×10 -10
9.370

Acetic acid Acetate CH3COOH + H2O CH3COO + H3O - +

1.8×10 -5
4.757 5.7×10 -10
9.243

Carbonic acid Hydrogencarbonate H2CO3 + H2O HCO3- + H3O +

4.2×10 -7
6.377 2.4×10 -8
7.623

Dihydrogenphosphite Hydrogenphosphite H2PO3- + H2O HPO32- + H3O+ 1.6×10-7 6.796 6.3×10-8 7.204

Dihydrogenarsenate Hydrogenarsenate H2AsO4- + H2O HAsO42- + H3O+ 1.1×10-7 6.959 9.1×10-8 7.041

Hydrosulphuric acid Hydrogensulphide H2S + H2O HS + H3O- +

1.0×10 -7
7.000 1.0×10 -7
7.000

Dihydrogenphosphate Hydrogenphosphate H2PO4- + H2O HPO4 + H3O 2- +

6.2×10 -8
7.208 1.6×10 -7
6.792

Hypochlorous acid Hypochlorite HClO + H2O ClO + H3O - +

3.0×10 -8
7.523 3.3×10 -7
6.477

Boric ×acid Dihydrogenborate H3BO3 + H2O H2BO3- + H3O +

5.8×10 -10
9.237 1.7×10 -5
4.763

Ammonium ion Ammonia NH4+ + H2O NH3 + H3O+ 5.5×10-10 9.260 1.8×10-5 4.740

Hydrocyanic acid Cyanide ion HCN + H2O CN + H3O - +

4.9×10 -10
9.310 2.0×10 -5
4.690

Hydrogencarbonate Carbonate HCO3 + H2O

-
CO32- + H3O +
4.7×10 -11
10.329 2.1×10 -4
3.671

Methylammonium ion Methylamine CH3NH2 + H2O CH3NH3 + OH- +

2.7×10 -11
10.568 3.7×10 -4
3.432

Ethylammonium ion Ethylamine CH3CH2NH2 + H2O CH3CH2NH3+ + OH -

1.6×10 -11
10.807 6.4×10 -4
3.193

Hydrogenarsenate Arsenate H2AsO4 + H2O

2-
AsO43- + H3O +
3.2×10 -12
11.495 3.1×10 -3
2.505

Hydrogenphosphate Phosphate HPO42- + H2O PO43- + H3O+ 4.5×10-13 12.347 2.2×10-2 1.653

Hydrogensulphide Sulphide HS + H2O

-
S + H3O
2- +
1.3×10 -14
13.886 7.7×10 -1
0.114

Potassium ion Potassium hydroxide KOH K + OH

+ -
-- --

Sodium ion Sodium hydroxide NaOH Na + OH

+ -
-- --
Tends to infinity; -- Does not exist.
 Solubility Product Constants at 25 °C
Name Formula Ksp
Aluminium hydroxide Al(OH)3 4.00×10-34
Aluminium phosphate AlPO4 6.30×10-19
Antimony(III) sulphide Sb2S3 1.70×10-93
Barium bromate Ba(BrO3)2 2.43×10-4
Barium carbonate BaCO3 2.58×10-9
Barium chromate BaCrO4 1.17×10-10
Barium fluoride BaF2 1.84×10-6
Barium hydrogenphosphate BaHPO4 4.00×10-8
Barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2 5.00×10-3
Barium hydroxide octahydrate Ba(OH)2 2O 2.55×10-4
Barium iodate Ba(IO3)2 4.01×10-9
Barium iodate monohydrate Ba(IO3)2 2O 1.67×10-9
Barium molybdate BaMoO4 3.54×10-8
Barium nitrate Ba(NO3)2 4.64×10-3
Barium oxalate BaC2O4 1.70×10-7
Barium selenate BaSeO4 3.40×10-8
Barium sulphate BaSO4 1.08×10-10
Barium sulphite BaSO3 5.00×10-10
Beryllium hydroxide Be(OH)2 6.92×10-22
Bismuth(I) iodide BiI 7.71×10-19
Bismuth(III) arsenate BiAsO4 4.43×10-10
Bismuth(III) hydroxide Bi(OH)3 4.30×10-31
Bismuth(III) sulphide Bi2S3 3.00×10-96
Cadmium arsenate Cd3(AsO4)2 2.20×10-33
Cadmium carbonate CdCO3 5.20×10-12
Cadmium fluoride CdF2 6.44×10-3
Cadmium hydroxide Cd(OH)2 2.50×10-14
Cadmium iodate Cd(IO3)2 2.50×10-8
Cadmium oxalate trihydrate CdC2O4 2O 1.42×10-8
Cadmium phosphate Cd3(PO4)2 2.53×10-33
Cadmium sulphide CdS 1.60×10-27
Caesium perchlorate CsClO4 3.95×10-3
Caesium periodate CsIO4 5.16×10-6
Calcium carbonate (aragonite) CaCO3 6.00×10-9
Calcium carbonate (calcite) CaCO3 3.36×10-9
Calcium chromate CaCrO4 7.10×10-4
Calcium fluoride CaF2 3.45×10-11
Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 5.02×10-6
Calcium iodate Ca(IO3)2 6.47×10-6
Calcium iodate hexahydrate Ca(IO3)2 2O 7.10×10-7
Calcium molybdate CaMoO 1.46×10-8
Calcium oxalate monohydrate CaC2O4 2O 2.32×10-9
Calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 2.07×10-33
Calcium sulphate CaSO4 4.93×10-5
Calcium sulphate dihydrate CaSO4 2O 3.14×10-5
Calcium sulphate hemihydrate CaSO4 2O 3.10×10-7
Cerium(III) fluoride CeF3 8.00×10-16
Cerium(III) hydroxide Ce(OH)3 6.30×10-21
Cerium(III) iodate Ce(IO3)3 1.40×10-11
Chromium(III) fluoride CrF3 6.60×10-11
Chromium(III) hydroxide Cr(OH)3 7.00×10-31
Cobalt(II) arsenate Co3(AsO4)2 6.80×10-29
Cobalt(II) carbonate CoCO3 1.00×10-10
Cobalt(II) hydroxide (blue) Co(OH)2 5.92×10-15

Page 1/4
 Solubility Product Constants at 25 °C (continuation)
Name Formula Ksp
Cobalt(II) iodate dihydrate Co(IO3)2 2O 1.21×10-2
Cobalt(II) phosphate Co3(PO4)2 2.05×10-35
Cobalt(II) sulphide (alpha) CoS 5.00×10-22
Cobalt(II) sulphide (beta) CoS 3.00×10-26
Copper(I) bromide CuBr 6.27×10-9
Copper(I) chloride CuCl 1.72×10-7
Copper(I) cyanide CuCN 3.47×10-20
Copper(I) hydroxide CuOH 2.00×10-15
Copper(I) iodide CuI 1.27×10-12
Copper(I) sulphide Cu2S 1.00×10-49
Copper(I) thiocyanate CuSCN 1.77×10-13
Copper(II) arsenate Cu3(AsO4)2 7.95×10-36
Copper(II) carbonate CuCO3 1.40×10-10
Copper(II) chromate CuCrO4 3.60×10-6
Copper(II) hydroxide Cu(OH)2 4.80×10-20
Copper(II) iodate monohydrate Cu(IO3)2 2O 6.94×10-8
Copper(II) oxalate CuC2O4 4.43×10-10
Copper(II) phosphate Cu3(PO4)2 1.40×10-37
Copper(II) sulphide CuS 8.00×10-37
Europium(III) hydroxide Eu(OH)3 9.38×10-27
Gadolinium hydroxide Gd(OH)3 1.80×10-23
Gallium(III) hydroxide Ga(OH)3 7.28×10-36
Gold(I) chloride AuCl 2.00×10-13
Gold(III) chloride AuCl3 3.20×10-25
Iron(II) carbonate FeCO3 3.13×10-11
Iron(II) fluoride FeF2 2.36×10-6
Iron(II) hydroxide Fe(OH)2 4.87×10-17
Iron(II) phosphate octahydrate Fe3(PO4)2 8H2O 4.00×10-27
Iron(II) sulphide FeS 8.00×10-19
Iron(III) hydroxide Fe(OH)3 2.79×10-39
Iron(III) phosphate FePO4 1.40×10-22
Iron(III) phosphate dihydrate FePO4 2O 9.91×10-16
Lanthanum carbonate La2(CO3)3 4.00×10-34
Lanthanum fluoride LaF3 4.00×10-17
Lanthanum iodate La(IO3)3 7.50×10-12
Lead(II) bromate Pb(BrO3)2 7.90×10-6
Lead(II) bromide PbBr2 6.60×10-6
Lead(II) carbonate PbCO3 7.40×10-14
Lead(II) chloride PbCl2 1.70×10-5
Lead(II) chromate PbCrO4 3.00×10-13
Lead(II) fluoride PbF2 3.30×10-8
Lead(II) hydroxide Pb(OH)2 1.43×10-16
Lead(II) iodate Pb(IO3)2 3.69×10-13
Lead(II) iodide PbI2 9.80×10-9
Lead(II) oxalate PbC2O4 8.50×10-9
Lead(II) phosphate Pb3(PO4)2 3.00×10-44
Lead(II) selenate PbSeO4 1.37×10-7
Lead(II) sulphate PbSO4 2.53×10-8
Lead(II) sulphide PbS 3.00×10-28
Lithium carbonate Li2CO3 8.15×10-4
Lithium fluoride LiF 1.84×10-3
Lithium phosphate Li3PO4 2.37×10-4
Magnesium ammonium phosphate MgNH4PO4 3.00×10-13
Magnesium carbonate MgCO3 6.82×10-6

Page 2/4
 Solubility Product Constants at 25 °C (continuation)
Name Formula Ksp
Magnesium carbonate pentahydrate MgCO3 2O 3.79×10-6
Magnesium carbonate trihydrate MgCO3 2O 2.38×10-6
Magnesium fluoride MgF2 7.10×10-9
Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 5.61×10-12
Magnesium oxalate MgC2O4 8.60×10-5
Magnesium oxalate dihydrate MgC2O4 2O 4.83×10-6
Magnesium phosphate Mg3(PO4)2 1.04×10-24
Manganese(II) carbonate MnCO3 2.24×10-11
Manganese(II) hydroxide Mn(OH)2 1.90×10-13
Manganese(II) iodate Mn(IO3)2 4.37×10-7
Manganese(II) oxalate dihydrate MnC2O4 2O 1.70×10-7
Manganese(II) sulphide (green) MnS 3.00×10-14
Manganese(II) sulphide (pink) MnS 3.00×10-11
Mercury(I) bromide Hg2Br2 6.40×10-23
Mercury(I) carbonate Hg2CO3 3.60×10-17
Mercury(I) chloride Hg2Cl2 1.43×10-18
Mercury(I) cyanide Hg2(CN)2 5.00×10-40
Mercury(I) fluoride Hg2F2 3.10×10-6
Mercury(I) hydroxide Hg2(OH)2 1.80×10-24
Mercury(I) iodate Hg2(IO3)2 1.30×10-18
Mercury(I) iodide Hg2I2 5.20×10-29
Mercury(I) oxalate Hg2C2O4 1.75×10-13
Mercury(I) sulphate Hg2SO4 6.50×10-7
Mercury(I) sulphide (black) Hg2S 2.00×10-53
Mercury(I) thiocyanate Hg2(SCN)2 3.20×10-20
Mercury(II) bromide HgBr2 6.20×10-20
Mercury(II) chromate HgCrO4 2.00×10-9
Mercury(II) cobalthexacyanide Hg3[Co(CN)6]2 1.90×10-37
Mercury(II) hydroxide Hg(OH)2 3.60×10-26
Mercury(II) iodide HgI2 2.90×10-29
Mercury(II) sulphide (black) HgS 2.00×10-53
Mercury(II) sulphide (red) HgS 1.60×10-54
Neodymium carbonate Nd2(CO3)3 1.08×10-33
Nickel(II) carbonate NiCO3 1.42×10-7
Nickel(II) hydroxide Ni(OH)2 5.48×10-16
Nickel(II) iodate Ni(IO3)2 4.71×10-5
Nickel(II) phosphate Ni3(PO4)2 4.74×10-32
Nickel(II) sulphide (alpha) NiS 4.00×10-20
Nickel(II) sulphide (beta) NiS 1.30×10-25
Palladium(II) thiocyanate Pd(SCN)2 4.39×10-23
Potassium hexachloroplatinate K2[PtCl6] 7.48×10-6
Potassium perchlorate KClO4 1.05×10-2
Potassium periodate KIO4 3.71×10-4
Praseodymium hydroxide Pr(OH)3 3.39×10-24
Radium iodate Ra(IO3)2 1.16×10-9
Radium sulphate RaSO4 3.66×10-11
Rubidium perchlorate RuClO4 3.00×10-3
Scandium fluoride ScF3 5.81×10-24
Scandium hydroxide Sc(OH)3 2.22×10-31
Silver acetate AgCH3COO 1.94×10-3
Silver arsenate Ag3AsO4 1.03×10-22
Silver bromate AgBrO3 5.38×10-5
Silver bromide AgBr 5.35×10-13
Silver carbonate Ag2CO3 8.46×10-12

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 Solubility Product Constants at 25 °C (continuation)
Name Formula Ksp
Silver chloride AgCl 1.77×10-10
Silver chromate Ag2CrO4 1.12×10-12
Silver cobalthexacyanide Ag3[Co(CN)6] 3.90×10-26
Silver cyanide AgCN 2.20×10-16
Silver dichromate Ag2Cr2O7 2.70×10-11
Silver hydroxide AgOH 3.80×10-16
Silver iodate AgIO3 3.17×10-8
Silver iodide AgI 8.52×10-17
Silver oxalate Ag2C2O4 3.50×10-11
Silver phosphate Ag3PO4 2.80×10-18
Silver sulphate Ag2SO4 1.20×10-5
Silver sulphide Ag2S 8.0×10-51
Silver sulphite Ag2SO3 1.50×10-14
Silver thiocyanate AgSCN 1.03×10-12
Strontium arsenate Sr3(AsO4)2 4.29×10-19
Strontium carbonate SrCO3 5.60×10-10
Strontium fluoride SrF2 4.33×10-9
Strontium iodate Sr(IO3)2 1.14×10-7
Strontium iodate hexahydrate Sr(IO3)2 2O 4.55×10-7
Strontium iodate monohydrate Sr(IO3)2 2O 3.77×10-7
Strontium oxalate SrC2O4 3.20×10-8
Strontium phosphate Sr3(PO4)2 1.00×10-31
Strontium sulphate SrSO4 3.44×10-7
Thallium(I) bromate TlBrO3 1.10×10-4
Thallium(I) bromide TlBr 3.71×10-6
Thallium(I) chloride TlCl 1.86×10-4
Thallium(I) chromate Tl2CrO4 8.67×10-13
Thallium(I) iodate TlIO3 3.12×10-6
Thallium(I) iodide TlI 5.54×10-8
Thallium(I) sulphide Tl2S 6.00×10-22
Thallium(I) thiocyanate TlSCN 1.57×10-4
Thallium(III) hydroxide Tl(OH)3 1.68×10-44
Tin(II) hydroxide Sn(OH)2 5.45×10-27
Tin(II) sulphide SnS 1.00×10-25
Yttrium carbonate Y2(CO3)3 1.03×10-31
Yttrium fluoride YF3 8.62×10-21
Yttrium hydroxide Y(OH)3 1.00×10-22
Yttrium iodate Y(IO3)3 1.12×10-10
Zinc arsenate Zn3(AsO4)2 2.80×10-28
Zinc carbonate ZnCO3 1.46×10-10
Zinc carbonate monohydrate ZnCO3 2O 5.42×10-11
Zinc cyanide Zn(CN)2 3.00×10-16
Zinc fluoride ZnF2 3.04×10-2
Zinc hydroxide Zn(OH)2 3.30×10-17
Zinc iodate dihydrate Zn(IO3)2 H2O 4.10×10-6
Zinc oxalate dihydrate ZnC2O4 2O 1.38×10-9
Zinc selenide ZnSe 3.60×10-26
Zinc selenite monohydrate ZnSeO3 2O 1.59×10-7
Zinc sulphide (alpha) ZnS 2.00×10-25
Zinc sulphide (beta) ZnS 1.20×10-23
Zirconium(IV) fluoride ZnF4 1.00×10-3
Sources: Christian (1994). Analytical Chemistry. USA: Johnn Wiley and Son, Inc. Harris (1995)
Quantitative Chemical Analysis. USA: W.H. Freeman and Company. Skoog, West & Holler (1995) Analytical
Chemistry. USA: McGrawHill.

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