Common Polyatomic Ions

2+ charge 1- charge 2- charge

2+
Zn Zinc C2H3 O2- Acetate C2O4 2-
Oxalate
Cd2+ Cadmium CN- Cyanide CO32- Carbonate
- 2-
ClO Hypochlorite CrO4 Chromate
ClO2- Chlorite Cr2 O72- Dichromate
1+ charge ClO3- Chlorate HPO42- Hydrogen phosphate
NH4+ Ammonium ClO4- Perchlorate O22- Peroxide
Hg22+ Mercury (I) HCO3- Hydrogen (bi)carbonate SO32- Sulfite
Ag+ Silver H2PO4- Dihydrogen phosphate SO42- Sulfate
HSO3- Hydrogen sulfite SiO3 2-
Silicate
HSO4- Hydrogen (bi)sulfate
MnO4- Permanganate
NCS- Thiocyanate 3- charge
NO2- Nitrite AsO43- Arsenate
NO3- Nitrate PO33- Phosphite
- 3-
OH Hydroxide PO4 Phosphat

Prefixes For Binary Common Acids Common Acids with Oxygen

Molecular Compounds Name Formula Name Formula
Prefix Number Hydrobromic Acid HBr Acetic Acid HC2H3 O2
mono- 1 Hydrochloric Acid HCl Carbonic Acid H2CO3
di 2 Hydrocyanic Acid HCN Nitric Acid HNO3
tri- 3 Hydroflouric Acid HF Nitrous Acid HNO2
tetra- 4 Hydroiodic Acid HI Oxalic Acid H2C2 O4
penta- 5 Hydrosulfuric H2S Perchloric Acid HClO4
hexa- 6 Phosphoric Acid H3PO4
hepta- 7 Sulfuric Acid H2SO4
octa- 8 Sulfurous Acid H2SO
nona- 9
deca- 10

Formulas and Names of Common Metal Ions with More than One Ionic Charge
Formula Stock Name Classical Name Formula Stock Name Classical Name
Co2+ Cobalt(II) ion Cobaltous ion Co3+ Cobalt(III) ion Cobaltic ion
Cr2+ Chromium(II) ion Chromous ion Cr3+ Chromium(III) ion Chromic ion
Cu+ Copper(I) ion Cuprous ion Cu2+ Copper(II) ion Cupric ion
Fe2+ Iron(II) ion Ferrous ion Fe3+ Iron(III) ion Ferric ion
Hg22+ Mercury(I) ion Mercurous ion Hg2+ Mercury(II) ion Mercuric ion
Mn2+ Manganese(II) ion Manganous ion Mn3+ Manganese(III) ion Manganic ion
Pb2+ Lead(II) ion Plumbous ion Pb4+ Lead(IV) ion Plumbic ion
Sn2+ Tin(II) ion Stannous ion Sn4+ Tin(IV) ion Stannic ion

Simple Rules for the Solubility of Salts in Water

1. Most salts containing nitrates (NO3-), hydrogencarbonates (H2CO32-), or ethanoates (-CH2CO2C2 H5) salts are
soluble.
2. Most salts containing alkali metal ions (Li +, Na+, K+, Cs +, Rb +) or the ammonium ion (NH4+) are soluble.
3. Most chloride, bromide, and iodide salts are soluble. Notable exceptions are salts containing Ag +, Pb2+, and
Hg22+ ions.
4. Most sulfate salts are soluble. Notable exceptions are BaSO4, PbSO4, HgSO4, and CaSO4.
5. Most hydroxide salts are only slightly soluble. The important soluble hydroxides are NaOH and KOH. The
compounds Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ca(OH)2 are marginally soluble.
6. Most sulfide (S2-), carbonate (CO32-), chromate (CrO42-), and phosphate (PO43-) salts are only slightly soluble.